:00:07. > :00:08.South Africa's President, Jacob Zuma, has denied acting
:00:09. > :00:11.dishonestly in a scandal over public funds spent on renovations
:00:12. > :00:19.But he has promised to obey an order to repay some of the money.
:00:20. > :00:22.The US military says it has carried out a drone strike in Somalia
:00:23. > :00:24.targeting a vehicle carrying three members
:00:25. > :00:27.A Pentagon spokesman named the principle target as
:00:28. > :00:30.Hassan Ali Dhoore, who was accused of organising recent bomb attacks
:00:31. > :00:42.on Mogadishu airport, and a hotel in which US personnel were killed.
:00:43. > :00:47.Now on BBC News, it is time for Click.
:00:48. > :00:57.The -- this week, changing the world with a pencil. Bringing performance
:00:58. > :01:24.to life. And scaring people to death.
:01:25. > :01:35.As amazing as our devices are today, as fast as they run, and as small as
:01:36. > :01:40.they get, Beryl limited by physics. Their limited by the substances that
:01:41. > :01:43.they're made from -- they are limited. We dream of devices that
:01:44. > :01:56.are flexible, wearable, see-through, and, well, just plain future-y. It
:01:57. > :02:01.is a real word, trust me. But before we can do that, we need a substance
:02:02. > :02:05.that can do all those things, be all of those things. Fortunately, such a
:02:06. > :02:13.substance exist. Heroes for decades but only finally created in a lab in
:02:14. > :02:20.2010, by these guys, it was such an amazing feat that it won them the
:02:21. > :02:24.Nobel Prize in Physics. Right, here is how you win a Nobel Prize. Take
:02:25. > :02:38.one pencil and some sticky tape, and you see that? Now, on their,
:02:39. > :02:43.somewhere, a -- flecks of graphite from a pencil, these are known as
:02:44. > :02:50.graphene and they will change the world. Graphene is a single atomic
:02:51. > :02:53.layer of carbon, they are just one atomic layer and yet they have all
:02:54. > :02:59.kinds of fascinating physical properties. So you have a flawless
:03:00. > :03:02.piece of graphene, electrons can move politically without being
:03:03. > :03:08.scattered around. And electrons move as if they have no matters. So it is
:03:09. > :03:13.relativistic. So better than silicon? Oh yes, much better than
:03:14. > :03:18.silicon. The mobility can be hundreds or thousands of times
:03:19. > :03:22.higher than Telecom. Faster? Yes, very good conductivity, and also
:03:23. > :03:26.because it is one atomic layer is transparent. So if you can imagine
:03:27. > :03:32.you have a sheet with transparent electorates. Transparent electronics
:03:33. > :03:36.make all sorts of things possible. Suddenly anything can become a
:03:37. > :03:39.display without locking your view of what is behind. Solar cells can
:03:40. > :03:44.become a lot more efficient if you put the electron collecting
:03:45. > :03:48.circuitry right on top, without locking the sunlight. And graphene
:03:49. > :03:53.is not only transparent and flexible, it is also incredibly
:03:54. > :04:01.strong. As for atom, 207 times stronger than steel. Meet
:04:02. > :04:07.professional cyclist Mr Barker. Today his bike is sporting a new set
:04:08. > :04:10.of super strong wheels, graphene ones. That means he can tackle
:04:11. > :04:16.terrain he would normally steer well clear of like Roque in glass or, in
:04:17. > :04:23.explicit week, a nail board. -- inexplicably. These tyres made by
:04:24. > :04:26.bike giants Victoria are made from special rubber which include flex of
:04:27. > :04:30.graphene to improve their strength dramatically and without the extra
:04:31. > :04:35.weight normally carried by other puncture resistant tyres. You had to
:04:36. > :04:38.imagine that the tyres are always full of conflicting targets. You
:04:39. > :04:43.want the grip but you want the milage as well. You want low road
:04:44. > :04:47.resistant and wait but you also want higher puncture resistance. Because
:04:48. > :04:52.graphene is able to make a tyre lighter, less rolling resistance, at
:04:53. > :04:58.the same time more milage and more grip. That was impossible with the
:04:59. > :05:02.existing compounds so far. The rims are made from carbon fibre that is
:05:03. > :05:10.also infused with graphene, which turns out as well at being very good
:05:11. > :05:14.at dissipating heat caused by the breaks. And it is this ability to
:05:15. > :05:19.bind graphene to other substances, improving those materials in the
:05:20. > :05:25.process, that has sparked a lot of interest from scientists around the
:05:26. > :05:28.world. And you can do all sorts of things with graphene. What you do
:05:29. > :05:32.with it depends on what material you deposit on top of the graphene.
:05:33. > :05:38.While graphene is only one atom thick, the materials you put on top
:05:39. > :05:44.are also only a few atoms thick. To do that you need instruments like
:05:45. > :05:48.this. At the UK's graphene Institute in Manchester, researchers are
:05:49. > :05:51.exploring all sorts of applications for this wonderful material. It is
:05:52. > :05:58.being used as a waterproof coating to make our houses damp resistant.
:05:59. > :06:02.It can even be used to purify water. This graphene mesh is already
:06:03. > :06:07.capable of sieving out many impurities but the ultimate goal is
:06:08. > :06:11.to come up with a graph graphene membrane that can turn the water
:06:12. > :06:14.into drink and water in about the same amount of time it takes to
:06:15. > :06:22.filter coffee. Right, so graphene is amazing. At everything. We get it.
:06:23. > :06:28.So why isn't it already in everything? Why is it so far only
:06:29. > :06:32.really being mixed in small flecks with other substances? Well, because
:06:33. > :06:38.we can't yet make it in both big enough sizes and higher enough
:06:39. > :06:43.quality at the same time. You can grow larger samples of graphene on
:06:44. > :06:48.copper sheet, but because of the really high temperatures involved,
:06:49. > :06:51.the graphene is deformed and not very good quality. If only there was
:06:52. > :06:57.a way of growing large graphene sheets on copper but at much lower
:06:58. > :07:05.temperatures. Well, turns out there is. Across the pond, at the
:07:06. > :07:09.California Institute of Technology, they've got a leaky gas valve. We
:07:10. > :07:14.found out, by accident, that we had some leaky valves. I thought I had a
:07:15. > :07:20.hydrogen is, what it was leaking just a small amount of methane. This
:07:21. > :07:26.isn't a very good vacuum system. So you had shoddy equipment. Yes. That
:07:27. > :07:33.led to a world changing discovery. Absolutely. Kids, there is a moral
:07:34. > :07:37.in that. Do not maintain your grip and, just let it go to pot. Hydrogen
:07:38. > :07:44.plasma is only supposed to clean the copper while making graphene at
:07:45. > :07:49.temperatures of 1000?C. Let's try to have plasma assisted growth, and so
:07:50. > :07:55.we lowered the growth temperature from 1000 to 800, and then my group
:07:56. > :08:00.members found that graphene still grows. And then we say, OK, let's
:08:01. > :08:05.lower the temperature further, the environment and temperature to 600.
:08:06. > :08:09.Still grows. And then took 400, still grows. And then, can we turn
:08:10. > :08:13.off the heat and just grow the sample with plasma assistance at
:08:14. > :08:18.room temperatures? And we discover that this graphene has very few
:08:19. > :08:22.defects in it, which means it has very good electrical properties.
:08:23. > :08:27.Graphene is inching ever closer to a fulfilling its promise as this
:08:28. > :08:31.all-purpose wonder material. And in fact, even now, scientists are
:08:32. > :08:35.working on other substances, themselves just one atom thick,
:08:36. > :08:45.which also promised to have superpowers. The world, it seems to
:08:46. > :08:54.me, is getting very 2-dimensional. Another week, and another operating
:08:55. > :08:58.system update from Apple, which brings one or more features of its
:08:59. > :09:02.phones. This time it is the Safari web browser. If iPhone owners try to
:09:03. > :09:07.click on web links these links can freeze or even crash the app. After
:09:08. > :09:11.several days of problems, Apple says it has fixed the issues. Whatever
:09:12. > :09:15.happened to it just works, he? Microsoft tried to make waves this
:09:16. > :09:21.week with its annual Build conference. The company unveiled a
:09:22. > :09:28.series of chat bots meant to help us go about our daily lives. Let's hope
:09:29. > :09:32.they work better than Microsoft's team chat bots, Tay, which had to be
:09:33. > :09:35.switched off after tweeting offensive comments. Microsoft also
:09:36. > :09:44.gave journalists the chance to experience its much hyped augmented
:09:45. > :09:49.reality headset, Hololens. Bad news for Facebook after it was forced to
:09:50. > :09:51.apologise. It's a safety check system wrongly asked people if they
:09:52. > :09:56.were caught up in the Pakistan bomb attack which killed over 70 people
:09:57. > :10:02.last weekend. The FBI announced they have succeeded in accessing the
:10:03. > :10:10.smartphone of San Bernardino gunman Syed Farook without the help of
:10:11. > :10:13.Apple. And DARPA have been testing their continuous trial unmanned
:10:14. > :10:17.vessel. It has been designed and built to travel thousands of miles
:10:18. > :10:19.without a single crew member on board. Open water testing will begin
:10:20. > :10:29.off the California coast this summer. With Apple and Samsung
:10:30. > :10:35.absolutely dominating the smartphone market these days, it seems like all
:10:36. > :10:39.the other manufacturers have to do something really special in order to
:10:40. > :10:46.get any interest at all. Well, that is what LG is hoping it has done
:10:47. > :10:52.with its new phone G5. We caught a glimpse of it in Barcelona in
:10:53. > :10:56.February, and LJ Rich has her hands on the first full production model
:10:57. > :11:00.to land in the UK a head of the launch. We have seen modular phones
:11:01. > :11:04.on the market for a little while, at a big manufacturer like LG wants to
:11:05. > :11:06.do something a little bit different, and they have always prided
:11:07. > :11:11.themselves on being able to swap batteries. So the idea is, instead
:11:12. > :11:15.of just swapping batteries, why don't you swap more? For example,
:11:16. > :11:19.you can put a high-end audio converter on the end, or a little
:11:20. > :11:25.grip that allows you to take pictures 1-handed. And it gives you
:11:26. > :11:31.a wheel to zoom with, and an extra battery burst at the same time. Now,
:11:32. > :11:36.swapping modules also boosts the phone because you take the battery
:11:37. > :11:39.out. It automatically recognises the new added end. LG have designed a
:11:40. > :11:44.phone it actually wants you to pull apart, in stark contrast to the
:11:45. > :11:48.closed culture of other smartphones. It is also getting other brands
:11:49. > :11:56.involved with a plug and play digital to analogue converter or
:11:57. > :12:00.DAC. Higher end DAC can produce a more detailed and clearer sound. So
:12:01. > :12:06.when listening to jazz you can also hear the space created by the drums
:12:07. > :12:09.and in this case saxophone. I'm actually very impressed. It is worth
:12:10. > :12:16.mentioning that the DAC sound module can work on its own, which I think
:12:17. > :12:19.is a very savvy approach. Sean from LG is sharing something from his
:12:20. > :12:27.playlist and I asked him how future proof these modules can be. It looks
:12:28. > :12:31.like this will only work with that unibody, and then when you get the
:12:32. > :12:34.next phone up does that make this obsolete? That's a good question. I
:12:35. > :12:39.think at this particular moment in time the modules have been developed
:12:40. > :12:47.for the G five. The module idea is not going to be unique just to the
:12:48. > :12:51.G5. We are trying to make as many of the modules as flexible as possible.
:12:52. > :13:06.But for the time being, yes, they are fit for purpose on the G5. As we
:13:07. > :13:11.consume more content on the go, our choice of headphones has become
:13:12. > :13:23.increasingly important. So I have been testing some of the latest,
:13:24. > :13:27.more interesting options. These are the Ear-In earbuds, a pair of
:13:28. > :13:31.totally wireless headphones. While they are in this container not only
:13:32. > :13:34.are they being kept clean but they are also being charged. As long as
:13:35. > :13:37.you judge the case it can power them up three times. Once you have
:13:38. > :13:40.introduced them to your phone via Bluetooth, the left one will
:13:41. > :13:44.automatically sync up once it has been taken out of the case, and then
:13:45. > :13:48.the right earbud will connect to the left earbud and from there you can
:13:49. > :13:53.play your tunes. I have no complaints about the sound quality
:13:54. > :13:57.or the connection, but I do feel slightly conscious that they could
:13:58. > :14:02.fall out of my ears, which makes me feel comfortable walking, but a
:14:03. > :14:08.little less sure about running. Taking the idea of wireless
:14:09. > :14:12.headphones to another level are these, a pair of smart headphones
:14:13. > :14:16.that are definitely designed for life on the go. They can track
:14:17. > :14:20.activities including swimming, if you trust them to stay in your ears,
:14:21. > :14:24.and track heart rate as well as stream music from your phone, or
:14:25. > :14:31.play tracks stored on them. While the touches and swipes to operate
:14:32. > :14:36.our intuitive to use, at some point I found that even on top volume the
:14:37. > :14:40.music didn't seem to be loud enough. But the time I really felt the
:14:41. > :14:43.benefit of these headphones was when I was walking and making phone calls
:14:44. > :14:46.on the go, because the person on the other end, even though the
:14:47. > :14:54.microphone was in here, couldn't tell that I was holding my phone
:14:55. > :14:57.handset. -- wasn't holding. They do offer the option of sound
:14:58. > :15:02.transparency being on or off so you can hear your surroundings if you
:15:03. > :15:05.choose. And for those it is a priority for, so cyclists or people
:15:06. > :15:10.who run on busy streets, the latest in phone conduction technology could
:15:11. > :15:13.come in handy. The sound travels through vibrations on your
:15:14. > :15:18.cheekbones rather than playing directly into your eardrums. I was
:15:19. > :15:23.actually really impressed by the sound quality, and I've never felt
:15:24. > :15:27.so save pounding the streets of London. But after a little while I
:15:28. > :15:31.did start to feel that the vibrations on my cheeks were feeling
:15:32. > :15:36.a bit odd. I think that maybe because they had made the volume is
:15:37. > :15:40.so high. For something that looks a bit different, this is LG's latest
:15:41. > :15:46.offering. You pull it out like this. It is ridiculous. Why is that
:15:47. > :15:48.necessary? OK, actually, that isn't bad. If you move your head a lot you
:15:49. > :16:01.makes you want them to be longer. The turn Platinum can receive high
:16:02. > :16:04.res audio, has dual noise cancelling iPhones building and some added
:16:05. > :16:10.voice control benefits for android phone users. But the design seems to
:16:11. > :16:14.be a matter of taste. These are more about sound quality than something
:16:15. > :16:18.you should run with, especially how they feel on my neck, so for that
:16:19. > :16:22.reason I'm going to take a seat... For no other reason at all. So
:16:23. > :16:27.however active or not you're expecting to be, there are options
:16:28. > :16:37.aplenty offering something beyond the basic factors of looks, fit and
:16:38. > :16:42.sound quality. Now, in some kinds of theatre the
:16:43. > :16:50.lighting can often be as important as the sets, as the choreography, as
:16:51. > :16:53.the performances themselves. With the latest motion sensing
:16:54. > :16:59.technology, the brain that programmes that lighting might not
:17:00. > :17:04.be human. One British choreographer and one computer programmer have
:17:05. > :17:08.between them created an artificially intelligent performance where the
:17:09. > :17:20.lighting responds to two dancers on stage. Jane Caro take has been to
:17:21. > :17:26.see it in action. The Xbox connects we are using in this space which
:17:27. > :17:29.cracks our bodies uses artificial intelligence. When we stand in front
:17:30. > :17:37.of them they immediately recognise the shape of the body, they picked
:17:38. > :17:44.out a skeleton structure. Alex, where are we right now? We are at
:17:45. > :17:46.Cambridge Junction and we're doing our rehearsals for the second
:17:47. > :17:55.preview of the new performance of hours. The four on the left... Four
:17:56. > :17:58.on the left. The ones on the left are following you and the ones on
:17:59. > :18:08.the right are following me. If I go down here they should finally. The
:18:09. > :18:10.Cure neckeds are able to follow us and predict where we're going to go
:18:11. > :18:16.next, there's a system that can learn from the movement it observes
:18:17. > :18:24.and make more informed choices about the way, the lights on the stage
:18:25. > :18:30.work with us. It's about observation systems predicting the next steps.
:18:31. > :18:36.So I see this stage as an instrument. So what Alex as a
:18:37. > :18:41.choreographer creates in my mind could not be created in any other
:18:42. > :18:45.way. You might watch the finished show or a lighting designer,
:18:46. > :18:48.traditional lighting designer, might watch the finished show and they
:18:49. > :18:52.might think they could programme that, it might take them really long
:18:53. > :18:57.because there's a lot of intricate behaviour. But even if they could
:18:58. > :19:02.it's not the same because the reason why the choreography is the way it
:19:03. > :19:09.is because Alex choreographed it in this setting.
:19:10. > :19:16.We've got a system where we can control how they move with the
:19:17. > :19:21.position of our hands. See that's backwards. That's it, so you're
:19:22. > :19:29.bringing them round. When they're together they won't move. It should
:19:30. > :19:35.stop... Yet, that's it. The lights on stage almost look like dancers,
:19:36. > :19:39.do you see them that way? It's very tempting to see them that way. There
:19:40. > :19:40.are certain modes when they do look so alive and to me that's a
:19:41. > :19:50.success. That was Jen really getting into her
:19:51. > :19:58.part there, although you'd never catch me wearing a leotard
:19:59. > :20:00.on-screen. Anyway, there are some performances which actually require
:20:01. > :20:06.audience participation, something you will know if you have ever taken
:20:07. > :20:10.part in immersive theatre. Hear the audience actually becomes part of
:20:11. > :20:17.the show as the action happens all around you. Well, a terrifying new
:20:18. > :20:24.experience has come to east London, which promises to immerse audiences
:20:25. > :20:28.even deeper in virtual reality. Without briefing him about his
:20:29. > :20:33.impending doom or anything at all for that matter, we sent Click's
:20:34. > :20:38.resident scary cat to suffer an evening with the virtually dead. And
:20:39. > :20:43.a quick spoiler alert, if you've bought tickets for this show, if
:20:44. > :20:47.you're watching with young children or can't stand the sight of a grown
:20:48. > :20:51.man screaming like a little boy, look away now.
:20:52. > :20:56.We are in Hackney Wick, I have no idea what's going on, there's an
:20:57. > :21:10.army man shouting at me over there. Down and give me ten. Come on,
:21:11. > :21:14.Rambo! Come on, chop, chop, chop. We are going to location unknown. I
:21:15. > :21:17.feel like I'm in a 90s rock music video. Everybody out, let's go. Come
:21:18. > :21:25.on. Let's go, let's go. Immersive theatre is obviously a massive thing
:21:26. > :21:30.at the moment but VR has never been put in it, we want to do something
:21:31. > :21:38.that's never been done before. Our home state of Arizona is overrun by
:21:39. > :21:42.a terrible infection. The goal was to blur the lines between what's
:21:43. > :21:45.real and what's not. As soon as you enter an immersive theatre you're
:21:46. > :21:51.stepping out of normal reality and in our eyes it was, OK, can we take
:21:52. > :22:07.that one step further? Oh my God. Holi... Go, go, go! We created a
:22:08. > :22:10.story here where we are training the soldiers to go to Arizona to kill
:22:11. > :22:16.zombies, and the VR we think has been sandwiched perfectly in the
:22:17. > :22:22.middle of the theatre, so it's the middle of the training process. What
:22:23. > :22:34.about these recruits? Do we cancel their training? No. Right, you lead
:22:35. > :22:41.through the door. Welcome to VR training. There are over 70 sensors
:22:42. > :22:45.in these things here my neck, it's the only VR system that allows you
:22:46. > :22:49.to move within your environment. With immersive theatre it's all
:22:50. > :22:54.about making things one-on-one, the beauty with VR is you can have this
:22:55. > :22:59.immersive solo experience with a headset on. Can you see these things
:23:00. > :23:02.here? Hands up, Nick. These things will be picked up and used to
:23:03. > :23:09.shoot. We are looking for a simulation. Now, Nick, remember, you
:23:10. > :23:17.can move around and crouched down. Oh, I have hands! Look at the gun!
:23:18. > :23:24.I've got it! A zombie coming towards me! Get it! How I see immersive
:23:25. > :23:28.theatre and also now VR is like a lucid dream. We control the
:23:29. > :23:34.environment but you still have control of yourself. As graphics
:23:35. > :23:38.improve hopefully you'll get to a stage where people don't even
:23:39. > :23:46.realise they're entering virtual reality. Have that. This is
:23:47. > :23:53.amazeballs! OK, Nick, I need you to stay very calm for me. There has
:23:54. > :24:00.been a small contamination issue. I need to leave this room. Don't die,
:24:01. > :24:06.Nick. This is an evacuation. I'm going to get you out of here. Just
:24:07. > :24:12.got through training and... We're still in the game. Coming out of
:24:13. > :24:21.that end experience with huge smiles on their face or crying with fear,
:24:22. > :24:27.which is a good thing. Honestly, like,... How did you feel it when?
:24:28. > :24:34.It was great. When I was immersed in the headset, it was, like,
:24:35. > :24:38.unstoppable. Absolute madness. That was Nick. Come the dawn of the
:24:39. > :24:43.dead I'm standing behind that guy. Don't forget you can still immerse
:24:44. > :24:48.yourself in Click's own virtual reality programme filmed entirely in
:24:49. > :24:54.360 in Switzerland and the UK, and you'll find it on Click's YouTube
:24:55. > :25:11.channel. That's it for now. See you soon.
:25:12. > :25:16.It is set to be a chilly start to the weekend.
:25:17. > :25:18.We've got a touch of frost around first thing
:25:19. > :25:25.But things are gradually going to be warming up over the next couple
:25:26. > :25:29.Some decent spells of sunshine but equally there's a bit of rain
:25:30. > :25:32.in the forecast, especially for northern and western
:25:33. > :25:34.areas, but nowhere immune to rain at some point in the weekend.
:25:35. > :25:37.We have this front draped through parts of northern England,
:25:38. > :25:41.To the north of that in Scotland and much of Northern Ireland,
:25:42. > :25:44.after that chilly start to the morning, sunny spells first thing.
:25:45. > :25:46.Further south across the Borders into northern England,
:25:47. > :25:49.heavier bursts of rain over the hills and patchy rain affecting
:25:50. > :25:53.the western half of Wales and parts of Cornwall and west Devon.
:25:54. > :25:57.Moving our way further east across the bulk of England through
:25:58. > :26:00.the Midlands, East Anglia and the south-east, after that chilly start
:26:01. > :26:03.things will warm up nicely in the sunshine with a southerly breeze.
:26:04. > :26:06.Staying dry across the bulk up England through the day, the rain
:26:07. > :26:08.in the north edging further north into southern Scotland and Northern
:26:09. > :26:11.Ireland, raining in Belfast through the early part of afternoon.
:26:12. > :26:14.But the rain should gradually clear from Wales and the south-west of
:26:15. > :26:17.England and in the south we'll see dry and settled weather, 9-10 with
:26:18. > :26:22.the cloud and rain in the north but further south with the light winds
:26:23. > :26:27.and sunshine, 15 or so will feel very pleasant. Won't stay dry all
:26:28. > :26:30.Won't stay dry all the time in the south-east and
:26:31. > :26:32.we'll see a few showers later in the day.
:26:33. > :26:35.Premier League matches on Saturday, our featured games here should stay
:26:36. > :26:36.dry with sunshine and fairly light winds.
:26:37. > :26:40.It's not until the latter part of the afternoon we see the rain
:26:41. > :26:42.moving from the south affecting the London region, East Anglia, some
:26:43. > :26:46.uncertainty about the position and timing of this area of rain but it
:26:47. > :26:49.looks like it will move to the north-east of England through
:26:50. > :26:53.Sunday brings a few more more spells of rain in Scotland and
:26:54. > :26:57.Northern Ireland, perhaps later in the day a few showers for Wales
:26:58. > :27:02.Central and eastern areas will see the best of the dry weather
:27:03. > :27:05.on Sunday and with the southerly breeze it will feel warm, 17 or 18
:27:06. > :27:08.in the south, more like 11 for the likes of Belfast and Glasgow.
:27:09. > :27:12.For the Scottish Premiership action on Sunday,
:27:13. > :27:19.We could see some spells of rain, probably won't be raining all
:27:20. > :27:28.Things are looking fairly unsettled into the new working week.
:27:29. > :27:29.Low pressure dominates things heading into Monday,
:27:30. > :27:32.with a frontal system coming in from the south from France.
:27:33. > :27:35.Some spells of rain for central and eastern areas in particular through
:27:36. > :27:38.the day on Monday, northern and western parts of the UK staying a
:27:39. > :27:41.bit drier, still showers possible, temperatures not far off where they
:27:42. > :27:44.should be for the time of year with highs generally around 10-15.
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