0:00:02 > 0:00:09This week, robotic legs, robotic arms, and, robotic needlework?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37Another day, another tight, black suit.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39Torso is live...
0:00:39 > 0:00:41Torso is live.
0:00:41 > 0:00:44Stretch your arm behind you as far as it goes.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47I'm having my motion captured, but not like that, nurse.
0:00:47 > 0:00:50This is a prototype of a system that doctors may one day to assess
0:00:50 > 0:00:55patients who have limited mobility, who can't use their limbs fully.
0:00:55 > 0:01:03And that's with a view to building them their own own robotic arm!
0:01:03 > 0:01:06I'm at The Human Assistive Robotic Technology Lab, that's the
0:01:06 > 0:01:10Heart Lab, at the University of Berkley near San Francisco.
0:01:10 > 0:01:13Oh, an interesting side note about this motion capture suit,
0:01:13 > 0:01:18it doesn't use those reflective balls we're so used to seeing.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20It uses LEDs which pulse at different speeds
0:01:20 > 0:01:25so they can be uniquely identified by tracking cameras.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28It makes tracking all the points in a 3D space easier, and it also makes
0:01:28 > 0:01:32me look like a Christmas tree.
0:01:32 > 0:01:35By doing this test they are not just measuring the motion of my limbs
0:01:35 > 0:01:41but also my centre of mass.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43They can see how my balance compensates
0:01:43 > 0:01:48as I move my arm, for example.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51And this doesn't have to be done at the doctors'.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53Using a Kinect motion sensor instead of a suit, patients may
0:01:53 > 0:01:58also be able to do this at home.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00The result is a sphere showing where the patient
0:02:00 > 0:02:04can reach and where they can't.
0:02:04 > 0:02:07And that will help design their own personal robotic limb.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10The most common loss of mobility is in the upper range.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13So you lose the ability to feed yourself, you lose
0:02:13 > 0:02:16the ability to brush your teeth.
0:02:16 > 0:02:20The main objective of this device is to move the shoulder, raise it up,
0:02:20 > 0:02:21to give you some assistance.
0:02:21 > 0:02:27This will assist your shoulder, give you increased range of motion.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30All right.
0:02:30 > 0:02:31Oh...
0:02:31 > 0:02:34LAUGHTER.
0:02:34 > 0:02:36It should be easier to move your shoulder up.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40This is to help those who can still move their limbs but need a bit
0:02:40 > 0:02:41of help to do it.
0:02:41 > 0:02:44But there are those that cannot use their limbs at all.
0:02:44 > 0:02:50For that we need the kind of suit we are looking at across campus.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Being in a wheelchair, it is like being in a bubble.
0:02:52 > 0:03:00'Cause, I can come up to you, I don't care, but you might not
0:03:00 > 0:03:01want to be next to me.
0:03:01 > 0:03:05It is like, "I don't want to touch them or get in their way."
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Stephen broke his back in a BMX accident in 2004 when he was 17.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12He was instantly paralysed from the waist down and has been
0:03:12 > 0:03:15using a wheelchair ever since.
0:03:15 > 0:03:19But over the last three years he has been able to get up and walk
0:03:19 > 0:03:20for short periods of time.
0:03:20 > 0:03:28Working with Suit X, he has been a test pilot for what this company
0:03:28 > 0:03:30hopes will be the world's lightest and most affordable exoskeleton.
0:03:30 > 0:03:35When I am wearing the suit nobody cares.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39You can walk right up to me and hug me and there is no bubble.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43There is no, like, "Oh, I might hurt you!"
0:03:43 > 0:03:46The first time I used this suit my parents came
0:03:46 > 0:03:50and I was able to hug them for the first time in who knows how long.
0:03:50 > 0:03:51Yeah...
0:03:51 > 0:03:55Suit X was borne out of this robotics laboratory.
0:03:55 > 0:04:00They recognised many people could not afford to access exoskeletons
0:04:00 > 0:04:02for physical therapy and set about designing one with a comparatively
0:04:02 > 0:04:08cheap price tag, $40,000 US.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11It only weighs 27 lbs.
0:04:11 > 0:04:1512-13 kg.
0:04:15 > 0:04:18It has a battery pack that only weighs two lbs and allows you to
0:04:18 > 0:04:23use it all day, 4-8 hours.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27We have an active knee.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31That means when I stand up my knee doesn't bend and I fall.
0:04:31 > 0:04:35It has other properties that allows the knee to bend when I am walking
0:04:35 > 0:04:39so it makes it look natural.
0:04:39 > 0:04:41As you might have seen when he was walking, the terrain,
0:04:41 > 0:04:44there is debris, rocks, cracks in the sidewalk.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46What is cool about our system is it can naturally
0:04:46 > 0:04:52handle things like that.
0:04:52 > 0:04:53Fall prevention.
0:04:53 > 0:04:57The system is commanded through a wireless crutch.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00What is neat about this system is it can be attached to anything.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03So, if you had a walker it can be connected to the walker.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05This allows you to communicate to your device.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09If you wanna make a step you can make one.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13And we can also talk to a tablet at the same time in real-time.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17So we can get somebody up in the device quickly, tune the parameters
0:05:17 > 0:05:21to where their natural posture is supposed to look like, and then see
0:05:21 > 0:05:28how they are progressing.
0:05:28 > 0:05:31The other devices make me feel like I'm riding the robot.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34But with this device I can move certain aspects of the machine
0:05:34 > 0:05:40around without it trying to do something that I don't want to.
0:05:40 > 0:05:45While the device is giving Stephen and others testing it freedom,
0:05:45 > 0:05:49it will not replace wheelchairs for its users yet.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52But it could be critical in physical therapy sessions and allow people
0:05:52 > 0:05:58with paralysis to experience the sensation of walking.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01In my world, what I would be using this device for is every day
0:06:01 > 0:06:06in my life I would keep them on and then probably every couple
0:06:06 > 0:06:09of hours also put on the device, get up, stand up, walk around for
0:06:09 > 0:06:14ten minutes, that is all I want.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17That relief right there will give me ten years of my life back.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19LAUGHTER.
0:06:19 > 0:06:22Pending FDA approval, Suit X is hoping to have 30 suits
0:06:22 > 0:06:26ready by this summer.
0:06:30 > 0:06:34Hello, and welcome to the Week in Tech.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38It was the week that Android Pay finally came to the UK.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42And, Twitter was reported to be changing the way they Tweet
0:06:42 > 0:06:49by no longer making pictures take up your 140 characters.
0:06:49 > 0:06:51If you are tired of your favourite games turning
0:06:51 > 0:06:55into terrible films, look away now.
0:06:55 > 0:06:57It has begun!
0:06:57 > 0:07:01Threshold Global Studios, responsible for such classic skasg
0:07:01 > 0:07:04horrible game adaptations like Mortal Kombat and Mortal Kombat
0:07:04 > 0:07:12Annihilation say they have acquired the funding to make not one,
0:07:12 > 0:07:14not two, but three Tetris movies.
0:07:14 > 0:07:19Shooting will begin in China next year.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22Joy unconfined.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26And finally, in things we thought we would never see,
0:07:26 > 0:07:31the Simpsons this week had a live, yes, live, three minute segment.
0:07:31 > 0:07:35Actor, Dan Castellaneta, AKA Homer, chatted to US viewers over
0:07:35 > 0:07:38the phone.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41This feat was achieved using Adobe software that takes 2D animations
0:07:41 > 0:07:46and maps them onto an actor's actions via webcam.
0:07:46 > 0:07:48More exaggerated actions were available at the touch
0:07:48 > 0:07:51of a keyboard shortcut.
0:07:51 > 0:07:56Always wear glasses with eyes glued on to them.
0:07:57 > 0:08:03Ay carumba, eat my shorts, etc, etc.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09Do you ever get the feeling that tech billionaires
0:08:09 > 0:08:11are getting younger?
0:08:11 > 0:08:17Hmm...
0:08:17 > 0:08:20The developer world descended on the massive Googleplex in California to
0:08:20 > 0:08:21hear about their latest products.
0:08:21 > 0:08:27But before that, a day for children to learn how to code with robots.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30But once the adults had arrived, it was time to get
0:08:30 > 0:08:33down to the new stuff.
0:08:33 > 0:08:35This is a slightly Cockney-inspired app called Allo that has
0:08:35 > 0:08:40a chat box which is claimed by Google to be intelligent enough
0:08:40 > 0:08:44to predict what you might say based on what it knows about you.
0:08:44 > 0:08:49You can also ask Google specific questions or make it do things
0:08:49 > 0:08:52like book a table or order food.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54Does that sound familiar?
0:08:54 > 0:08:55It is!
0:08:55 > 0:08:58Facebook has something very similar.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02You can talk to Allo through the new Google Home Device you can
0:09:02 > 0:09:04put in your kitchen and shout instructions at.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07If that sounds familiar, it is because it is.
0:09:07 > 0:09:12Amazon already has Echo.
0:09:12 > 0:09:14Google also announced Daydream, a new VR system powered by Google
0:09:14 > 0:09:17smartphones.
0:09:17 > 0:09:18If that sounds familiar...
0:09:18 > 0:09:21Well, you're right.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24They are late and both of those areas represent threats to
0:09:24 > 0:09:26their business.
0:09:26 > 0:09:31It is crucial they come back.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34That said, if Google I/O is useful for one
0:09:34 > 0:09:38thing, it is showing just how many huge ideas this company has.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42In case you thought Google was just a search engine,
0:09:42 > 0:09:46let's look at what we have today/ Machine learning, artificial
0:09:46 > 0:09:49intelligence, self driving cars, virtual reality, and of course, they
0:09:49 > 0:09:54are sending balloons up into space.
0:09:54 > 0:09:56This is their effort to send an Internet-enabling ballon
0:09:56 > 0:10:01into near-space.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04This one, which I think looks like a massive peeled orange,
0:10:04 > 0:10:07is a miniature version of the real one, which is four times as big.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10It is designed to provide wireless Internet to four billion people
0:10:10 > 0:10:15around the world and make them last longer than our average of 72 days.
0:10:15 > 0:10:20What is more interesting is Project Tango.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23Devices with Project Tango are aware of their surroundings
0:10:23 > 0:10:30so it can scan what is around it and offer useful ways of interacting.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33You can get your hands on Project Tango-enabled devices later
0:10:33 > 0:10:34this year.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37Google designers will be excited to work with it...
0:10:37 > 0:10:46After a nap.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49In last week's programme, we had entries in the first
0:10:49 > 0:10:53Robotic Art Competition.
0:10:53 > 0:10:54A challenge to find the best robotic artist,
0:10:54 > 0:10:58as voted for by the public on line.
0:10:58 > 0:11:02The results are in, with Italy's Accademia di Bella Arti
0:11:02 > 0:11:06di Brera, the correct pronunciation, before you ask, and
0:11:06 > 0:11:11its abstract images coming third.
0:11:11 > 0:11:17The Cloud Painting Project from George Washington University took
0:11:17 > 0:11:26second prize, and this Taiwanese robot came first, producing this
0:11:26 > 0:11:27terrific image of Albert Einstein.
0:11:27 > 0:11:29Genius, in more ways than one.
0:11:29 > 0:11:34Now, whether you like any of these is a matter of taste.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37But it is intriguing to think that one day, in
0:11:37 > 0:11:40a not too distant future, machines will be able to perform our tasks.
0:11:40 > 0:11:46Self-driving cars and trucks are already here.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48They are threatening to take over jobs.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51Many experts believe that specialist machine intelligence will be able to
0:11:51 > 0:11:55do much of what we do today, and better.
0:11:55 > 0:11:57But an all-purpose general AI, one that sounds, looks,
0:11:57 > 0:12:00and talks and behaves like us, the ones from the science-fiction
0:12:00 > 0:12:05movies, can we create that?
0:12:05 > 0:12:08It is a matter that divides the scientific community.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11So, we sat down with some of those academics to find out what
0:12:11 > 0:12:15sort of world our children and might live in.
0:12:15 > 0:12:20Meet Alpha the Robot.
0:12:20 > 0:12:23We can imagine less and less need for humans to do jobs because
0:12:23 > 0:12:24more things can be automated.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27That is the prospect, that all kinds of jobs will become irrelevant or
0:12:28 > 0:12:33redundant in 5-10 years.
0:12:33 > 0:12:43We will have AI that is more sophisticated than we have now.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45Let us be clear, there are many jobs or robots.
0:12:45 > 0:12:47It can help humanity in many ways.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50But my fear is that we are just charging after anything that can be
0:12:50 > 0:13:00solved without thinking first about the consequences.
0:13:00 > 0:13:04One thing is the development of work, using mechanical alternatives.
0:13:04 > 0:13:10That could liberate and free some people.
0:13:10 > 0:13:16On the other hand, the structural organisation and
0:13:16 > 0:13:19system which these developments are part of is a capitalist economy.
0:13:19 > 0:13:21Looking at the development of artificial intelligence which
0:13:21 > 0:13:34can displace many of middle-class jobs, we need to rethink that.
0:13:34 > 0:13:38It is an open question whether all of the jobs today will
0:13:38 > 0:13:41be computerised in 50 years' time.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44If we have 7 billion people on the planet, take away any
0:13:44 > 0:13:46potential for their employment, we have many people wandering
0:13:46 > 0:13:55around with not much to do.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59My experience of humans is if they have a lot of free time they will
0:13:59 > 0:14:02think of ways to create mischief.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04They could find ways to start wars in things.
0:14:04 > 0:14:08WAR NOISES.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12This is an area where we need widespread public debate.
0:14:12 > 0:14:14Paying people for not working should be on
0:14:14 > 0:14:16the political agenda and it isn't.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19We are still hearing the same old mantra, the way to acquire
0:14:19 > 0:14:26wealth is to work and the market will continue to provide jobs.
0:14:26 > 0:14:29In terms of our education system, I would see the way to protect
0:14:29 > 0:14:32children from this kind of unemployment is to emphasise
0:14:32 > 0:14:39creativity, learning how to learn, learning how to be creative.
0:14:39 > 0:14:42It may be that jobs requiring creativity, like artistic jobs, they
0:14:42 > 0:15:00may resist technological replacement in the next if the years as well.
0:15:00 > 0:15:03One of the open questions in artificial intelligence is can
0:15:03 > 0:15:05we build machines that are generally intelligent and have the
0:15:05 > 0:15:13flexibility of human intelligence across a wide range of jobs?
0:15:13 > 0:15:16One of the great ironies is that many of the tasks we thought were
0:15:16 > 0:15:19simple have turned out to be much more difficult
0:15:19 > 0:15:27for computers to perform well.
0:15:27 > 0:15:31ARCHIVE: Introducing Mabel, the robot housemaid!
0:15:31 > 0:15:34Let's think about, you know, cleaning your house.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37Cleaning your house seems like a very mundane challenge but,
0:15:37 > 0:15:40in fact, it is actually a very tricky one to do to the
0:15:40 > 0:15:52standard that we humans can do it.
0:15:52 > 0:15:56Identifying objects that you want to tidy away, that you want to pick up
0:15:56 > 0:16:03off the floor, where you might want to put them.
0:16:03 > 0:16:07Being able to lift them up off the floor, you know ,a huge variety of
0:16:07 > 0:16:11object we get around the house, and we are a long way from being able to
0:16:11 > 0:16:13build robots that can do that.
0:16:13 > 0:16:16Thinking a long time ahead, 20, 30, 50, 100 years, some people have
0:16:16 > 0:16:19speculated about the prospect of a kind of utopian scenario where very
0:16:19 > 0:16:21very, very sophisticated artificial intelligence enables us to have
0:16:21 > 0:16:24lives of leisure and it's a time of abundance. 1967, the poet Richard
0:16:24 > 0:16:27Brautigan composed a work called All Watched Over By Machines Of Loving
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Grace and in this poem Richard imagines a future society, with a
0:16:30 > 0:16:33very small number of people, a very hippiesque society -
0:16:33 > 0:16:35people frolicking in the fields, in the beautiful sun,
0:16:35 > 0:16:41with all their needs catered for by an army of robotic slaves.
0:16:45 > 0:16:49Equally possible is very, very dangerous AI, which sort of results
0:16:49 > 0:16:57in in humanity being wiped out.
0:16:58 > 0:17:02Two very extreme scenarios like that.
0:17:02 > 0:17:10You can imagine these two very different kinds of scenarios.
0:17:10 > 0:17:13We don't really know which of those is going to be or, indeed,
0:17:13 > 0:17:16if it is going to be something more inbetween.
0:17:16 > 0:17:18Next week we will continue the debate,
0:17:18 > 0:17:24exploring the ethical and moral side of the autonomous revolution.
0:17:27 > 0:17:30Meanwhile, back at Berkeley, in California, it is time to get back
0:17:30 > 0:17:34to the people who are trying to bring about the rise of the robots.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38This place is ranked amongst the top universities in the world,
0:17:38 > 0:17:43especially when it comes to science, technology and robotics.
0:17:43 > 0:17:45What is the collective noun for a group of Baxters?
0:17:45 > 0:17:47Um, "uprising"?
0:17:48 > 0:17:51Work being done in this lab is using artificial intelligence techniques
0:17:51 > 0:17:54to teach industrial robots like this one how to do particular
0:17:54 > 0:18:04tasks that might actually be slightly different every time.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08So the idea is, a human shows it how to do the task the first few times
0:18:08 > 0:18:11and then it picks up the common thread, the common thing
0:18:11 > 0:18:12between each of these tasks.
0:18:12 > 0:18:16So what I am going to do is I'm going to move this metal peg to
0:18:16 > 0:18:18roughly the right position to get it into the hole.
0:18:18 > 0:18:21But at nowhere near the correct angle and then
0:18:21 > 0:18:25the robot is actually going to feel how the peg is going into the hole.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28There is a force sensor here which is feeling the pressures on that
0:18:28 > 0:18:30peg when it tries to put it in.
0:18:30 > 0:18:33And then, from that, it works out how it needs to adjust
0:18:33 > 0:18:36itself to get the peg in the hole.
0:18:36 > 0:18:37Slaaam...dunk.
0:18:37 > 0:18:39Good.
0:18:39 > 0:18:42I would wager that most of the people here in the robotics
0:18:42 > 0:18:45labs have been interested in robots for a fair while.
0:18:45 > 0:18:48If you are interested in getting into the subject or
0:18:48 > 0:18:50you're interested in getting your kids into robotics, may I suggest
0:18:51 > 0:18:55that you build a robot yourself.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58Which is exactly what Lara Lweington has been doing and, quite frankly,
0:18:58 > 0:19:01she has had a bit too much fun to call it work.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08Instead of fretting about robots taking our jobs and taking over our
0:19:08 > 0:19:12lives, maybe we should be learning how to train them to do things and
0:19:12 > 0:19:17even just have some fun with them.
0:19:20 > 0:19:25This is the humanoid part of the Ziro Robotics Kit.
0:19:25 > 0:19:27No programming required, just an appetite for creativity
0:19:27 > 0:19:34and a bit of imagination.
0:19:34 > 0:19:35Although originally aimed at 8-13 year-olds,
0:19:35 > 0:19:40the ability to customise a robot and even add items from around
0:19:40 > 0:19:45the house, may appeal to all ages.
0:19:45 > 0:19:48Especially as it can be purposed to become whatever you like.
0:19:48 > 0:19:49Maybe a remote-controlled bin?
0:19:49 > 0:19:52Or a tray to deliver your food?
0:19:52 > 0:19:55And now for the fun bit, the way that I operate them is
0:19:55 > 0:19:58by using this glove.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00There are motion sensors in here that mean
0:20:00 > 0:20:03when I'm wearing the glove, the movement of my hand will move
0:20:03 > 0:20:08the robot that it is connected to.
0:20:11 > 0:20:13There is a bit of a knack to it.
0:20:13 > 0:20:15It is quite easy to get.
0:20:15 > 0:20:18I only had my first go a couple of minutes ago.
0:20:18 > 0:20:21It has not taken long for this to actually feel quite intuitive.
0:20:21 > 0:20:22Can it climb up a step?
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Let me see what happens if I aim towards the step.
0:20:25 > 0:20:25Right.
0:20:25 > 0:20:26This way please.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29CHUCKLES I'm talking to it like it is a dog.
0:20:29 > 0:20:29Wow.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31Wow, it almost made it.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34Oh, dear.
0:20:34 > 0:20:37As you tried, you know, Rover was trying to move over the stairs.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39It didn't quite move up, it fell apart.
0:20:39 > 0:20:42Things do not quite fit together when you make the robot initially.
0:20:42 > 0:20:45You need to tinker and play with it and start
0:20:45 > 0:20:46understanding how to make it work.
0:20:46 > 0:20:50And because you made the robot, you want to make it work, you will
0:20:50 > 0:20:53do all it takes to make it work and that's where the learning happens.
0:20:53 > 0:20:56There are other devices in this space, too.
0:20:56 > 0:20:57This is the Cellrobot.
0:20:57 > 0:20:58An assortment of modular robots which you can
0:20:58 > 0:21:02assemble as you desire.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04They are suitable for kids or adults.
0:21:04 > 0:21:07For children, they can learn about robotics and find an educational
0:21:07 > 0:21:09usein them, as well as fun one.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11And for grown-ups, well, you can attach a camera,
0:21:11 > 0:21:15you can attach a light, you can operate it via the app.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18This is just the Beta version and it is all pretty simple.
0:21:18 > 0:21:20It moves backwards.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23It's not that intuitive.
0:21:23 > 0:21:25I'm struggling to stop it from just spinning.
0:21:25 > 0:21:28But once you get to grips with the controls and get it moving
0:21:28 > 0:21:30in every direction, you could use it for surveillance,
0:21:30 > 0:21:34fun or just to scare your visitors.
0:21:34 > 0:21:37Both companies' kits are currently in crowdfunding and should be
0:21:37 > 0:21:39available to buy later this year.
0:21:43 > 0:21:46Meanwhile, back at UC Berkeley, Dr Sven is in the house
0:21:46 > 0:21:52and attempting to sew up a patient.
0:21:52 > 0:21:54Here it comes.
0:21:54 > 0:21:56So good, grab this needle with this...oh,
0:21:56 > 0:21:57for goodness sake.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59Sorry, I will make another hole.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01I'm using a da Vinci robot.
0:22:01 > 0:22:03Something which surgeons now routinely use to perform
0:22:03 > 0:22:08surgical tasks like suturing.
0:22:08 > 0:22:10Sometimes remote controlling it from another location
0:22:10 > 0:22:12but more often, it is used just steady the hand movements
0:22:12 > 0:22:17in the more delicate of procedures.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20This is a computer sewing up a wound all on its own.
0:22:20 > 0:22:26How hard is this?
0:22:27 > 0:22:30You have to manipulate a needle that is a very small and we
0:22:30 > 0:22:32have a thread that is deformable.
0:22:32 > 0:22:36All of this is being operated in a tissue that we have no model about.
0:22:36 > 0:22:38We have no touch feedback.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41So think of it like this, it is equal to performing very
0:22:41 > 0:22:52complex tasks when your hands are really numb and you can barely see.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54It is a combunation of a computer-vision system
0:22:54 > 0:22:57which tracks the needle - bright yellow to make that bit
0:22:57 > 0:23:00easier - and advanced computer modelling which tries to predict the
0:23:00 > 0:23:03behaviour of that twizeerly thread and the flippy-floppy tissue - both
0:23:03 > 0:23:08technical terms, trust me.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11Suturing is a fairly repetitive and simple low-skill task that
0:23:11 > 0:23:14happens very often and you want to give a surgeon a break
0:23:14 > 0:23:18so that the surgeon can perform or focus his attention on more
0:23:18 > 0:23:20important things in the surgery.
0:23:20 > 0:23:25While the low-level things can be done automatically.
0:23:25 > 0:23:29The term low level is, of course, relative.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33Not many of us have what it takes to do this with their own hands,
0:23:33 > 0:23:37let alone what feels like a pair of remote boxing gloves.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39It is totally the wrong way!
0:23:39 > 0:23:41Am I putting the blunt end in? Yes.
0:23:41 > 0:23:45LAUGHTER
0:23:45 > 0:23:48Oh, my gosh, I am so sorry.
0:23:51 > 0:23:54What a thoroughly beautiful place this is to study, isn't it?
0:23:54 > 0:23:56I have a feeling we will be coming back
0:23:56 > 0:23:57here in the not-too-distant future.
0:23:57 > 0:24:01I hope you enjoyed our look around UC Berkeley, all the backstage fun
0:24:01 > 0:24:03and photos are available on Twitter.
0:24:03 > 0:24:08We will see you soon.
0:24:28 > 0:24:31If your Saturday was cloudy, wet at times, for Sunday,
0:24:31 > 0:24:32sunnier skies on the way.
0:24:32 > 0:24:33But that's only half the story.
0:24:33 > 0:24:36With some occasional sunshine cloud will build and the threat
0:24:36 > 0:24:41of heavy and possibly thundery showers breaking out.
0:24:41 > 0:24:45This is how it looks first thing for early risers, overnight rain around
0:24:45 > 0:24:47East Anglia and south-east England, patchy mist and fog around.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50Elsewhere, for many we will have a sunny start
0:24:50 > 0:24:55but a few overnight showers going into the first part of the morning,
0:24:55 > 0:24:57maybe fringing the west of Northern Ireland and western parts
0:24:57 > 0:25:03of Scotland, a spot of rain maybe too in the north-east of Scotland.
0:25:03 > 0:25:05Many in northern England getting off to a sunny start,
0:25:05 > 0:25:09some patchy cloud here and there.
0:25:09 > 0:25:13The threat from the word go catching a shower in parts of Wales to the
0:25:13 > 0:25:16far south-west of England, much of the Midlands starting fine but for
0:25:16 > 0:25:19ease daily and south-east England, a grey and murky start for some, maybe
0:25:19 > 0:25:29damp but some of the early rain will clear east.
0:25:29 > 0:25:31Sunshine with the showers getting going as we go deeper
0:25:31 > 0:25:33into the morning and afternoon.
0:25:33 > 0:25:34Fairly light winds, slow moving and potentially heavy
0:25:34 > 0:25:36and thundery downpours.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39Parts of East Anglia and south-east England could miss some of
0:25:39 > 0:25:42the showers until late in the day.
0:25:42 > 0:25:47Top temperatures around 18 or 19.
0:25:47 > 0:25:49Taking part or watching the Great Manchester Run?
0:25:49 > 0:25:53A fine morning in Manchester but cloud will build
0:25:53 > 0:25:56and an increasing chance of showers breaking here going into
0:25:56 > 0:25:57the lunchtime afternoon period.
0:25:57 > 0:26:02Let's look at the picture for Sunday night.
0:26:02 > 0:26:04Many of the showers will gradually fade away.
0:26:04 > 0:26:07A mixture of some patchy cloud but long clear spells coming through
0:26:07 > 0:26:08but patchy mist and fog around.
0:26:08 > 0:26:17Temperatures will dip, it will turn out to be quite chilly
0:26:17 > 0:26:19because in rural spots we could get to mid-single figures.
0:26:19 > 0:26:23A chill in the air first thing, a change on the weather picture with
0:26:23 > 0:26:26a ridge of high pressure starting to slide towards us, exerting
0:26:26 > 0:26:29its influence for some in the western side of the UK on Monday.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31Showers not quite in the same position because some
0:26:31 > 0:26:35showers will get going on Monday, Northern Ireland will miss most
0:26:35 > 0:26:37of these, western fringes, Wales, south-west England looking drier.
0:26:37 > 0:26:40Central and eastern parts will see showers breaking out and some could
0:26:40 > 0:26:42be heavy and possibly thundery.
0:26:42 > 0:26:46A bit of a breeze developing to the east
0:26:46 > 0:26:49coast of the UK and that will bring the temperature down a few degrees.
0:26:49 > 0:26:52The easterly wind or north-easterly wind will be a feature this week.
0:26:52 > 0:26:56Tuesday will be a quieter day but on that easterly flow, more cloud
0:26:56 > 0:26:58on Wednesday and outbreaks of rain coming in from the east.
0:26:58 > 0:27:07Bye for now.