:00:00. > :00:07.You are up to date on the headlines. It is time now for Click.
:00:08. > :00:17.3D projected people come to life, and the web goes ad free.
:00:18. > :00:42.All that after these important messages.
:00:43. > :00:48.This is East London, painfully trendy and somewhere I
:00:49. > :00:56.Down Shoreditch way is the famous Brick Lane, an area famous for its
:00:57. > :01:01.colourful street art that you will find lurking around every corner.
:01:02. > :01:08.It is a real work of art, which we can all enjoy at no cost.
:01:09. > :01:10.The creator of this really didn't expect to get paid.
:01:11. > :01:14.That is rarely the case with other kinds of content, online news, video
:01:15. > :01:27.content, as we know, the creators of those are in it for money.
:01:28. > :01:29.Money that often comes from advertisers' pockets.
:01:30. > :01:32.The problem is, our love affair with doing this is spilling online.
:01:33. > :01:36.The way to skip these ads on the web is to install a browser
:01:37. > :01:41.These are known as ad blockers, stopping annoying things popping up
:01:42. > :01:50.Not everything that pops up on your screen is annoying, case in point.
:01:51. > :01:53.You have been testing some of these ad blockers, haven't you?
:01:54. > :01:55.While some people might not mind random interruptions,
:01:56. > :01:58.for others advertisements are a real nuisance, particularly on mobile
:01:59. > :02:01.devices because people don't want to use their data or battery power
:02:02. > :02:12.I guess it is good news for us, definitely bad news
:02:13. > :02:15.for the advertisers by the sound of it.
:02:16. > :02:17.Absolutely, and although ad blocking is nothing new, people are
:02:18. > :02:20.learning more about it and there are more ways of blocking adverts.
:02:21. > :02:28.It seems it will only become a bigger business.
:02:29. > :02:32.Adblocker Plus is leading the way with 100 million users,
:02:33. > :02:35.and once you install it, you should be free of advertisements.
:02:36. > :02:39.Not quite, it creates a white list, a list of sites that adheres to what
:02:40. > :02:46.Acceptable ads is a set of criteria, and those are criteria we developed
:02:47. > :02:51.If advertisers or publishers have certain ads that meet those criteria
:02:52. > :02:55.they can be white listed, and then the top 10% of those advertisers are
:02:56. > :03:05.also charged a licensing fee for the work you put into doing it.
:03:06. > :03:08.It is not just about bursting their bubble, the issue is
:03:09. > :03:11.the general dislike of adverts, only about 10% of the company's
:03:12. > :03:22.They don't like distractions or the idea of companies tracking
:03:23. > :03:27.their data and habits, something ad blockers also aim to reduce.
:03:28. > :03:30.Some content providers are going as far as blocking user access
:03:31. > :03:34.if they detect that ad blocking software is in use.
:03:35. > :03:41.Now, Opera has an ad blocker built into its latest browser, Apple
:03:42. > :03:44.recently allowed them to function on its mobile operators, and others are
:03:45. > :03:58.It is not all doom and gloom, at least not yet.
:03:59. > :04:02.We haven't all downloaded ad blockers.
:04:03. > :04:07.There does seem to be a growing trend.
:04:08. > :04:10.Some try to shield themselves by going behind pay walls, and if
:04:11. > :04:13.things don't get better we may start seeing subscription models where you
:04:14. > :04:16.sign up for access to multiple publications in one place, or even
:04:17. > :04:19.using cash trails, where you pay nominal amount each
:04:20. > :04:27.Either of those would put an end to the freely available
:04:28. > :04:34.I have come to one of the biggest online news publishers in the UK,
:04:35. > :04:36.where the issue of whether the news should be free has been
:04:37. > :04:43.The Guardian is one of the most read online news services, which is free
:04:44. > :04:49.to access and a significant portion of income comes from advertisers.
:04:50. > :04:53.I sat down with the man in charge of the digital site to see how much
:04:54. > :05:00.It is a significant issue that we take very seriously.
:05:01. > :05:03.In Germany, for example, 80% of millennial males, people aged 18-34,
:05:04. > :05:17.That gives us a sense of where this could go.
:05:18. > :05:20.Readers enjoy the content and probably don't think very much about
:05:21. > :05:22.the fact that it is advertising that is paying for the creation
:05:23. > :05:30.of amazing investigative journalism like the Panama Papers or WikiLeaks.
:05:31. > :05:33.Then there is the idea of the ad blocker blocker, which is
:05:34. > :05:36.something that broadcasters or publishers can install to stop the
:05:37. > :05:44.John Whittingdale, the Culture Secretary, referred to
:05:45. > :05:47.the ad blocking business model as a modern-day protection racket, and
:05:48. > :05:50.that is because ad blockers will charge publishers and other media
:05:51. > :05:52.owners to be able to punch through the ad blocker
:05:53. > :06:09.and still deliver ads to the user who has chosen to block them.
:06:10. > :06:12.They are offering the opportunity to be on a white list.
:06:13. > :06:15.Even crazier, there are further services to the user to block
:06:16. > :06:29.Going down an arms race doesn't seem to be a viable route, it will just
:06:30. > :06:32.continue to escalate and we don't want to circumvent users' choice to
:06:33. > :06:35.not see ads, we would much rather engage in the conversation with the
:06:36. > :06:37.user which says hopefully the content are
:06:38. > :06:41.reading has some value to you, and if you value it we would like
:06:42. > :06:53.you to contribute to that, either by seeing advertising or by paying us.
:06:54. > :06:56.At least one company is attempting to unite it all and change
:06:57. > :07:06.PageFair is one of those ad blocker blockers, one of several out there,
:07:07. > :07:13.giving back to those who are stung by the rise of ad blockers.
:07:14. > :07:16.The company says there philosophy is more about bridging the gap
:07:17. > :07:24.What users will start seeing is far fewer ads, respectful ads that
:07:25. > :07:27.aren't snooping on their data, that aren't jumping around the page, that
:07:28. > :07:30.aren't interrupting the traffic by taking so long to download, and also
:07:31. > :07:34.ads that behave in such a simple way that they can't expose the machine
:07:35. > :07:38.Companies need to use advertising because it pays the bills,
:07:39. > :07:41.but they need to reduce the number of ads such that the ones that are
:07:42. > :07:55.The way beyond that blocking, where you get to decide what ads to show
:07:56. > :07:58.on this now uncluttered space where people have blocked out all the
:07:59. > :08:02.other ads, once you can decide what ads you want to show beyond that
:08:03. > :08:04.blocking, the answer is to limit the quantity
:08:05. > :08:09.What that will do is I think it will cure what is
:08:10. > :08:15.Whether ad blockers or the ad blocker blockers win,
:08:16. > :08:19.it seems we are the ones who will come out glorious, with a less
:08:20. > :08:38.It was the week the US Navy tested firing drone swarms up into the sky.
:08:39. > :08:46.The creepiest robot ever with whiskers was unveiled.
:08:47. > :08:49.And The European Commission proposed that a fifth of the shows offered
:08:50. > :08:51.by services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video,
:08:52. > :08:56.should be made locally and given good visibility on the platform.
:08:57. > :08:58.And, after giving Nokia the heave-ho last week,
:08:59. > :09:01.Microsoft announced a cut of over 1800 jobs as part of its retreat
:09:02. > :09:09.This comes just two years after it paid ?5 billion for the once
:09:10. > :09:20.This also brought us a most unlikely internet star, in
:09:21. > :09:31.She popped to the shops to buy yoga pants, came
:09:32. > :09:34.out with a Chewbacca mask, and an amazing 140 million views later had
:09:35. > :09:48.If you think your touchscreen is playing up, MIT has unveiled its
:09:49. > :09:50.newest shape shifting interface, which has been programmed to mimic
:09:51. > :09:59.It can bend and flex, giving users what research is called
:10:00. > :10:12.In last week's show we talked to leading academics
:10:13. > :10:22.about what our lives might be like in the future, when automation
:10:23. > :10:33.Now, here is their view on the ethical
:10:34. > :10:36.and moral questions we may face as robots become part of our society.
:10:37. > :10:39.In many years to come, if we build human level AI,
:10:40. > :10:42.would it have consciousness or would it be just a tool?
:10:43. > :10:45.We know how to make little electronic neurons.
:10:46. > :10:49.If we put together hundreds of thousands of these, just the same as
:10:50. > :10:53.the way the brain of a small animal is organised, then it seems to me if
:10:54. > :10:56.they are governed by the same laws of physics, that they should behave
:10:57. > :10:59.in the same way as the animal behaves. There is no reason why we
:11:00. > :11:04.shouldn't be able to replicate all the abilities of a human being.
:11:05. > :11:07.There may be some aspects of human cognition that are not computable.
:11:08. > :11:11.If I slap myself across the cheek, I know what it feels like to be
:11:12. > :11:15.It is not obvious to me how the execution of any computer programme
:11:16. > :11:18.on no matter how powerful hardware, will be sufficient to bring forth
:11:19. > :11:32.What every person has is this amazing complexity inside of them,
:11:33. > :11:35.We have subjectivity, agency, thoughts and feelings.
:11:36. > :11:37.It is actually impossible to have the kind
:11:38. > :11:40.of relationship with a machine as you might another person, because
:11:41. > :11:48.there is a profound distinction between a person in a thing.
:11:49. > :11:52.I know there are lots of people that make claims that if you get machines
:11:53. > :11:55.to imitate behaviours and humans recognise that and start relating to
:11:56. > :11:57.it in a particular kind of way, that shows some relationship.
:11:58. > :12:00.But the only reason why a human being is able to appreciate
:12:01. > :12:18.those, is because first and foremost they are human beings.
:12:19. > :12:21.I think we could build things that are capable of suffering,
:12:22. > :12:28.We also could build things that are very sophisticated and capable,
:12:29. > :12:30.but that don't actually experience emotions of their own,
:12:31. > :12:34.We don't have a moral duty towards that thing so
:12:35. > :12:40.You could say, that is fine, people want to beat up robots
:12:41. > :12:44.Provided they pay for them that is not a worry.
:12:45. > :12:47.I consider the extreme case, where people are commissioning
:12:48. > :12:49.robots that look exactly like their ex-girlfriend or their boss,
:12:50. > :12:54.It is incredibly easy to make a robot that can pretend to suffer.
:12:55. > :12:57.If a robot pretends to cry, then 98% of people can't help
:12:58. > :13:11.That is a massive opportunity for manufacturers
:13:12. > :13:15.We really need to discuss this before we are all
:13:16. > :13:31.If you couldn't get people who are lonely or disaffected with a
:13:32. > :13:34.relationship, you can actually build robots to meet that need, then you
:13:35. > :13:40.If you can keep create new needs and desires,
:13:41. > :13:54.The elderly argument is one that is often in the background for a lot
:13:55. > :13:59.If you say to people, "would you like to be cared for by a
:14:00. > :14:04.If, instead, you say, "Would you like us to develop
:14:05. > :14:05.sophisticated artificial intelligence technology which will
:14:06. > :14:08.enable you to remain independent in your own home for longer?"
:14:09. > :14:21.Now, in many ways, those suggest different ways of describing the
:14:22. > :14:25.same thing but I think it is really important that we use the latter
:14:26. > :14:27.description because, with today's technology, the robots don't really
:14:28. > :14:30.care, they simply do a job that resembles caring. Twitter
:14:31. > :14:33.has been facing some tough questions of late, questions like,
:14:34. > :14:40.Are you even relevant anymore in this rapidly expanding universe
:14:41. > :14:49.Last year its boss, Jack Dorsey, left the company
:14:50. > :14:52.only to come back saying he was the man who could save it.
:14:53. > :14:56.Dave Lee gave him more than a sentence or two to explain
:14:57. > :15:05.Jack, you're making changes to Twitter, what exactly is going to
:15:06. > :15:08.What are users going to notice is different?
:15:09. > :15:10.It's going to be a whole lot simpler.
:15:11. > :15:12.It's going to be a lot simpler to use.
:15:13. > :15:16.So we're focus a lot of our energy on making sure that
:15:17. > :15:25.And we've noticed how people have been tweeting over ten years and one
:15:26. > :15:31.of the things that we noticed is that there's this little, hidden
:15:32. > :15:35.rule where if you put and app name to start your tweet,
:15:36. > :15:37.it's actually only seen by that person you are referencing
:15:38. > :15:40.and people that follow the both of you.
:15:41. > :15:43.It doesn't make sense to anyone and people have had to work around it.
:15:44. > :15:46.Put a dot before the app and then the name and that also
:15:47. > :15:50.We're remopving that, making it a whole lot simpler.
:15:51. > :15:53.The other thing that was happening, people are tweeting out images, or
:15:54. > :15:58.videos, polls, gifts and what was happening is they add an image and
:15:59. > :16:05.then the character count goes down and it doesn't really make sense
:16:06. > :16:09.because they don't see a URL or any other text, they see an image.
:16:10. > :16:14.So we removed counting against any time you add an image,
:16:15. > :16:17.or media or poll to make it a whole lot more visible and intuitive.
:16:18. > :16:21.Many people's reluctance to be involved in Twitter is still this
:16:22. > :16:27.sense that in many cases it's not a nice place to be on the internet.
:16:28. > :16:29.More so than any other social networks you're seeing abuse,
:16:30. > :16:35.People might look at the change today and say the length of the
:16:36. > :16:40.There is something wrong with the fabric of Twitter, in that it kind
:16:41. > :16:45.How much of a concern is about and what can you do about it?
:16:46. > :16:48.I don't think the negativity and abuse and harassment is unique
:16:49. > :16:52.I think it's an industry-wide, internet-wide issue that we all
:16:53. > :16:56.need to solve and we did make it a priority for the company.
:16:57. > :17:00.So we have five priorities this year.
:17:01. > :17:05.One is refining and simplifying our product.
:17:06. > :17:08.Two is around live video, three is around making sure that creators are
:17:09. > :17:11.coming to Twitter and they have the best tools to express themselves.
:17:12. > :17:14.Four is around safety and making sure that people feel
:17:15. > :17:20.Give them very easy tools to mute, to block and to report.
:17:21. > :17:26.So all these parts correspond to making Twitter better and making
:17:27. > :17:28.Twitter a better place to express oneself
:17:29. > :17:32.The amounts os tweets is by some measures going down,
:17:33. > :17:39.the user growth is either small or even non-existent in some quarters.
:17:40. > :17:42.What do you need to do to improve that beyond kind
:17:43. > :17:50.What is it about Twitter as a social network,
:17:51. > :17:53.the fabric of Twitter, what can you do to turn around what's happening
:17:54. > :17:57.Well, a lot of these things may look small to
:17:58. > :18:00.people but they are really dramatic in terms of how people use them.
:18:01. > :18:03.A series of small things can end up being massive in terms
:18:04. > :18:06.of their impact when taken into consideration in a full
:18:07. > :18:14.So, you know, I do believe we are focused on the right things to make
:18:15. > :18:19.Twitter successful and to help Twitter thrive.
:18:20. > :18:22.I feel like every week I read a rumour or story about someone to
:18:23. > :18:26.As the chief executive, are you open to Twitter being bought
:18:27. > :18:32.We are focused on making Twitter amazing.
:18:33. > :18:34.Making something that people want to use every single day.
:18:35. > :18:37.We are an independant company and we are thriving and we want to
:18:38. > :18:44.If Google came with a check book and said we are going to buy you
:18:45. > :18:48.out, we are going to take you off the market so you do not have to
:18:49. > :18:51.worry about that kind of pressure, would that be appealing to you?
:18:52. > :18:56.We are focused on building our service.
:18:57. > :18:59.We are all used to seeing a lot of CGI, computer generated imagery,
:19:00. > :19:11.One thing that has become a lot more common in recent years is the idea
:19:12. > :19:14.of the virtual actor - computer generated humans doing things that
:19:15. > :19:18.It turns out that the Hollywood minds behind virtual actors are now
:19:19. > :19:23.turning their attention behind something much more serious.
:19:24. > :19:26.It is this technology that allowed Marc Cieslak to meet a virtual
:19:27. > :19:31.The University of Southern California is home to the Institute
:19:32. > :19:42.A place where cutting-edge technology and Hollywood meet.
:19:43. > :19:44.The ICT has developed a holster kit used to create visual
:19:45. > :19:50.For example, the light stage - this is used to capture an actor's face
:19:51. > :19:59.This data can then be used to create virtual renders of the actor.
:20:00. > :20:10.It's a pretty spectacular sight, I have to say.
:20:11. > :20:14.But this kit has applications way beyond the multiplex.
:20:15. > :20:16.A similar setup has been used as part of the process
:20:17. > :20:18.of recording interviews with Holocaust survivors for
:20:19. > :20:23.a project which could eventually end up in museums and even classrooms.
:20:24. > :20:25.Do you remember any songs from your youth?
:20:26. > :20:33.So, this is what we call the automultiscopic projector ray.
:20:34. > :20:35.We have about 200 video projectors behind
:20:36. > :20:46.You walk around the display at 130 degrees.
:20:47. > :20:54.You can see a 3D image sitting in front of you.
:20:55. > :20:56.This man was an 84-year-old Holocaust survivor.
:20:57. > :21:01.He was in five concentration camps throughout the war.
:21:02. > :21:03.The most dangerous thing that happened is being in the camps.
:21:04. > :21:06.Because being in the camps, every minute, every second
:21:07. > :21:10.of your existence, you were at the mercy of someone who could actually
:21:11. > :21:13.take your life away, who could torture you, who could beat you, who
:21:14. > :21:26.It took a week to film these interviews and over 20 hours
:21:27. > :21:33.In order to record these interviews with Holocaust survivors,
:21:34. > :21:41.30 cameras were arranged around the interviewees in a semicircle.
:21:42. > :21:44.The images they captured are projected out of the projector ray,
:21:45. > :21:47.It provides the illusion of three dimensions.
:21:48. > :21:52.It really does feel like this man is in the room with you.
:21:53. > :21:55.But what really brings these 3D images to life is the audience's
:21:56. > :21:57.ability to interact with the interviewees, asking them questions
:21:58. > :22:12.We have about just under 2,000 responses.
:22:13. > :22:14.They cover all the top questions that people tend
:22:15. > :22:20.to ask Holocaust survivors and also things specific to the story.
:22:21. > :22:27.So when you ask a question, we use a natural language understanding
:22:28. > :22:31.similar to how Siri or your phone may translate your speech into text.
:22:32. > :22:34.The system then uses an algorithm to find the best video response
:22:35. > :22:50.As you ask a question, we play the video response and then transition
:22:51. > :22:54.back to the listening pose, so it feels like you are having an actual
:22:55. > :22:59.You can read about the Holocaust in a book or see it on a movie or on TV
:23:00. > :23:02.but until you actually interactive with someone who has lived through
:23:03. > :23:07.The reality that this thing actually happened and how horrendous it was
:23:08. > :23:14.They say if you ignore history you are doomed to repeat it and
:23:15. > :23:16.as the survivors of the Holocaust age, interactive recordings like
:23:17. > :23:20.this one have the ability to keep their stories alive long after they
:23:21. > :23:29.From the beginning of the Nazis taking over Poland,
:23:30. > :23:32.it was a nightmare from which you didn't wake up
:23:33. > :23:44.That was Mark and that's it for this week, I'm afraid.
:23:45. > :23:53.We'll give you a regular digests of tech news
:23:54. > :24:16.and all the behind-the-scenes nonsense and pictures that you
:24:17. > :24:20.Wednesday may have been the first of June, but it wasn't exactly
:24:21. > :24:23.Take the eastern side of England, for an example.
:24:24. > :24:26.The Lincolnshire coast, temperatures struggled to just 11 degrees.