:00:00. > :00:00.Putin in Moscow and said he was not trying to influence events. And now
:00:00. > :00:14.one BBC News, Click. Driving in India is an experience.
:00:15. > :00:58.singing... Sort of. Driving in India is an experience.
:00:59. > :01:01.The roads are crammed and the horn is on the present and the rules
:01:02. > :01:08.are... Well, they are there somewhere, I'm sure. And that's why
:01:09. > :01:12.we will not be doing a story about self driving cars in India any time
:01:13. > :01:16.soon. And despite the fact that it seems like everybody here owns a
:01:17. > :01:21.car, that is not true. Any people choose to travel by train instead.
:01:22. > :01:32.If you think that is any less intense... Think again. Yeah, about
:01:33. > :01:37.those rules... The central station is a massive heaving hub collecting
:01:38. > :01:42.the city to the north and east of India. If you look closely, you will
:01:43. > :01:49.see something else connecting the commuters to the rest of the world.
:01:50. > :01:55.116 wireless access points provide free Wi-Fi to anybody with an Indian
:01:56. > :01:59.phone number. It is provided by Google which says that about 2.5 TB
:02:00. > :02:03.are being downloaded here every day. And here is the interesting part,
:02:04. > :02:10.this is not just about this station. Along the railway tracks live 45,000
:02:11. > :02:15.kilometres of optical fibre and Google is piping Internet access
:02:16. > :02:19.down those cables to feed Wi-Fi access to 114 other train stations
:02:20. > :02:26.as well. The man overseeing the project is this man, who I caught up
:02:27. > :02:33.with while he was waiting for a train. If you had to take one place
:02:34. > :02:39.in the country where you wanted tremendous fibre and you had to have
:02:40. > :02:45.reliable power then, relatively speaking, power is a challenge and
:02:46. > :02:49.the entire country had to walk for, there is only one place. That is
:02:50. > :02:54.awry waystation. Can you guarantee that all services on Google's Wi-Fi
:02:55. > :03:02.will be treated equally? Absolutely. I think the whole motivation for us,
:03:03. > :03:08.if you look at the reason why we do this was to see if we could provide
:03:09. > :03:17.an open Internet, completely open with access to the entire world. The
:03:18. > :03:21.way the web was designed. So, there is a fibre network rolling out from
:03:22. > :03:27.train stations like this to the vast rural areas of this enormous
:03:28. > :03:35.country. And David hopped on a train to find out what effect that has
:03:36. > :03:44.happened having elsewhere in India. It is hard not to be romantic about
:03:45. > :03:52.the railways of India. British colonial rulers laid tracks to
:03:53. > :03:57.control shifting resources, mostly out, and prising open markets. Now
:03:58. > :04:07.it is about moving people, millions a day. And thanks to optic fibre,
:04:08. > :04:15.data. I took the train to a station to investigate. It has proper
:04:16. > :04:18.broadband and it is free. People are filling their booths. Apart from
:04:19. > :04:23.some controversy, at this station where people were using free Wi-Fi
:04:24. > :04:32.to download hard-core pornography, the provision of high-speed Wi-Fi
:04:33. > :04:42.has been almost universally praised. 90,000 people pass through the
:04:43. > :04:49.station every day. I use the Internet for work and entertainment.
:04:50. > :04:56.For a student journalist it means she can keep tabs on breaking
:04:57. > :05:05.stories. Early in the morning, the world changes like... So many things
:05:06. > :05:08.change. I come and check. Indian stations are full of thriving
:05:09. > :05:12.businesses, feeding off or simply feeding the thousands streaming
:05:13. > :05:17.through them every day. Free Wi-Fi has been a boon to local businesses
:05:18. > :05:23.here. This man runs a tea stall on the platform. He makes more money
:05:24. > :05:27.now that his customers and make online payments to him. I use the
:05:28. > :05:32.Wi-Fi when my four G signal does not catch. When that does not work, I
:05:33. > :05:37.use Wi-Fi, especially when a customer pays digitally. I needed to
:05:38. > :05:45.confirm I have received the payment. A digital payment worth about 30% of
:05:46. > :05:49.my takings. This is music to the years of people managing the
:05:50. > :05:57.railways of India. An industry that runs at a loss. They think that
:05:58. > :06:01.high-speed Wi-Fi could be a good pool frustration might Jaipur. They
:06:02. > :06:06.planned to build a huge concourse and attract retail and services
:06:07. > :06:12.business. As Wi-Fi expands and it becomes taken for granted then I
:06:13. > :06:17.think people will transfer more and more of their business. Jaipur is a
:06:18. > :06:22.tourist hub of high repute. People come out here from all parts of the
:06:23. > :06:27.world. And when you have a huge concourse it is an area where you
:06:28. > :06:33.can have shops and entertainment. For Google, more people online as
:06:34. > :06:37.more people to sell to. India's railway is the country's backbone.
:06:38. > :06:49.Its public Wi-Fi is poised to be at least as far reaching.
:06:50. > :06:55.Go and welcome to the week in Tech. It was the week that laptops and
:06:56. > :07:01.other electronic devices larger than cellphones were banned from caverns
:07:02. > :07:05.on US and UK bound flights, leaving from some African and Middle Eastern
:07:06. > :07:10.countries. They start up hopes to be able to provide flights from London
:07:11. > :07:14.to Paris by electric plane within ten years and faster than Concorde,
:07:15. > :07:18.supersonic travel between London and New York could be back with flight
:07:19. > :07:25.times of just three hours and 15 minutes. After the start-up, Boom
:07:26. > :07:29.Supersonic gained $33 million in funding. An unarmed starved
:07:30. > :07:36.convenience store has opened in Shanghai. Created by a Swedish
:07:37. > :07:41.company, the always open never staffed by a human shop requires
:07:42. > :07:47.using an app to enter, scam purchases and pay. Nasser is
:07:48. > :07:53.creating an origami inspired robot that can flatten itself to fit into
:07:54. > :07:59.small spaces. The robot can cope with extremely high temperatures
:08:00. > :08:05.and, finally, if you could do anything in virtual reality, what
:08:06. > :08:09.would it be? Well... If your answer was to play a game of catch with an
:08:10. > :08:15.actual ball then you are in luck. Research have been examining how the
:08:16. > :08:20.ball's path can be tracked, predicted and matched up in its
:08:21. > :08:33.virtual view. Or... You could just play without the heads sect. --
:08:34. > :08:41.headset. You may have noticed by now that the roads here are in India
:08:42. > :08:45.are... Well... Utterly chaotic. What is ever more astonishing, consider
:08:46. > :08:51.that so few people own a car here. There are just 32 motor vehicles per
:08:52. > :08:56.1000 people in India. In the United States, there are 797. But that
:08:57. > :09:04.number is changing and I'll tell you a secret, it is not going down. Look
:09:05. > :09:10.at these roads. That is a scary thought. One solution could be to
:09:11. > :09:18.make better use of the cars that are already on the road. Enter all cabs,
:09:19. > :09:28.the biggest taxi reeling app, the Uber of India as you will. Or as
:09:29. > :09:31.they say, Uber is the all of India. Founded back in 2010, three years
:09:32. > :09:36.before Uber launched in India, they have taken full advantage of their
:09:37. > :09:41.head start. They have historically been number one in India but the
:09:42. > :09:45.Uber has said that that is changing. It looks like the battle for the Pat
:09:46. > :09:51.Cash in India is only just beginning. These are the head
:09:52. > :09:59.offices in silicon Valley of India, Bangalore. This is employee number
:10:00. > :10:05.one. India is not designed to have many cars. What are the specific
:10:06. > :10:14.needs of your customers and drivers? We made a platform that is not just
:10:15. > :10:26.about cabs but about many other things in India. Supporting bikes,
:10:27. > :10:34.electricity,... Different transport options. So that brings an a lot of
:10:35. > :10:40.options for users. They say that it is better because it is local and it
:10:41. > :10:44.knows what works in India. They offer things like walk-in centres
:10:45. > :10:49.for drivers and being the first to allow drivers to pay by cash. Do
:10:50. > :10:55.brew is coming into the Indian market. How are you different from
:10:56. > :11:00.them? How will you stay ahead? There is a fundamental difference in the
:11:01. > :11:07.way we operate. We believe in what we want and not what we have. Uber
:11:08. > :11:12.plugging in things have worked well elsewhere. It is about the
:11:13. > :11:20.connection that you make, not just about the transaction. Part of that
:11:21. > :11:23.connection is offering centres like this. Here, drivers can talk
:11:24. > :11:27.face-to-face with the company, for example Clark, like when they join
:11:28. > :11:31.the service for training or if they have a problem, an issue with their
:11:32. > :11:36.wages, for example. But they do not actually employee any of these
:11:37. > :11:42.people. They call everybody here a partner. In reality, they are
:11:43. > :11:46.self-employed. That means they do not get things like holiday pay and
:11:47. > :11:50.they are responsible for maintaining their car and paying for fuel. The
:11:51. > :11:58.flipside is that drivers can, in theory, set their own schedule and
:11:59. > :12:00.work when they please. It is a controversial system that transport
:12:01. > :12:09.and delivery companies around the world have used to keep costs down.
:12:10. > :12:13.Despite this, all really, really wants drivers to drive. A lock. So
:12:14. > :12:19.much so that there are carrots if you stay on the road and sticks if
:12:20. > :12:24.you don't. What India really needs to focus on is to enable mobility
:12:25. > :12:35.for a billion people. We need to leapfrog all sorts of impediments
:12:36. > :12:43.and we need to promote share mobility, sustainable options, our
:12:44. > :12:55.government is focusing in a big way on all vehicles. Ola is one of the
:12:56. > :13:02.most successful start-ups to come out of the education sector. These
:13:03. > :13:05.top-level universities are dotted across India and they are the
:13:06. > :13:13.driving force behind many of India's technology successes. Getting into
:13:14. > :13:18.IIT is a competitive business. Only a tiny fraction of applicants get in
:13:19. > :13:20.in any year. But if you do, you get to work in incredible campuses like
:13:21. > :13:28.this. My first appointment is at the
:13:29. > :13:36.Olympic-sized swimming pool. Although it's not me who's taking a
:13:37. > :13:41.dip... This is Matsia, named after the avatar of Vishnu, which takes
:13:42. > :13:45.the form of a fish, it's a multipurpose underwater robot that
:13:46. > :13:50.can operate autonomously, without a human controller, to make sounds,
:13:51. > :13:54.and recognise, manipulate and grab objects. The team tell me it might
:13:55. > :13:59.be used to find flight recorders from aircraft, although they're also
:14:00. > :14:03.pitching it to the military to fire torpedoes. The project is in its
:14:04. > :14:05.fifth year, and the team leader here tells me the work is hard,
:14:06. > :14:31.We are giving everything you want... Like a race carg, or a satellite.
:14:32. > :14:36.Brilliant! Is Matsia is one of 100 projects that have been supported by
:14:37. > :14:41.IIT Bombay's society for innovation and entrepreneurship since 2004.
:14:42. > :14:48.It's an umbrella for start-ups and, as with incubators everywhere,
:14:49. > :14:52.you'll find all kinds of ideas bubbling away behind its doors. As
:14:53. > :14:56.you might expect, there are aerial ideas, there are medical ideas, but
:14:57. > :15:06.there are also musical ideas - which is why you find me making strange
:15:07. > :15:10.noises with my face... Doooo-deeeee-ddoooooo. Very good.
:15:11. > :15:15.There you go. You got some score over there. "Some score." If you do
:15:16. > :15:19.better, your score will increase. Yeah, the worst karaoke India has
:15:20. > :15:25.ever heard. But then, this singing training app is so much more than
:15:26. > :15:29.normal karaoke-style games... Most karaoke apps do a very cursory kind
:15:30. > :15:33.of evaluation of your singing. Some don't evaluate your singing, they
:15:34. > :15:38.just have input - you open your mouth, you get a good rating. We do
:15:39. > :15:45.a multidimensional evaluation of your singing on different aspects of
:15:46. > :15:50.music - pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timing...
:15:51. > :16:01.You asked for a hard exercise! Ehhhh-oooooh...
:16:02. > :16:06.Eeeeeh-eeeeee-eeeeehhh... ECHOING
:16:07. > :16:10.If my singing went right through you, I've got something upstairs
:16:11. > :16:15.that will really cut to the bone. The Algo Surge team are working on a
:16:16. > :16:19.system for surgeons to plan surgery. They've created software that's
:16:20. > :16:24.learned to create a three-D model of bones from just two two-dimensional
:16:25. > :16:28.X-rays. I can imagine, after a lot of experience, a bone - if I just
:16:29. > :16:32.look at an X-ray, I can imagine it in three-D - can we do the same
:16:33. > :16:37.thing with computers? A virgin can do it, because he has learned a lot
:16:38. > :16:42.of correlation between X-ray data and the bone he sees in the surgery.
:16:43. > :16:47.We use the same logic to develop the software. We have a machine-learned
:16:48. > :16:50.algorithm which has learned the three-D of bones across the
:16:51. > :16:57.population. We have created a lot of models from CT scan, and we use this
:16:58. > :17:03.as a kind of database, and we create an algorithm to understand that
:17:04. > :17:07.database in a particular array to predict X-ray images. These three-D
:17:08. > :17:10.models also allow for tools and guides to be designed to the
:17:11. > :17:17.patient's specific dimensions. For example, if a surgeon was preparing
:17:18. > :17:20.to cut and realign legs. We have special, specific instrumentation
:17:21. > :17:24.which uses the bone surface in three-D, and it is like a negative
:17:25. > :17:29.of the three-D bone surface. If you make that part and print it in
:17:30. > :17:36.three-D, and put it on the real bone, it will exactly fit. So what
:17:37. > :17:40.we do is, we use that concept to cut, to make surgeon cut more
:17:41. > :17:45.rapidly, so this part will be exact fit on the bone, but it will also
:17:46. > :17:49.have a slit which will be aligned with the cutting plate. That slit
:17:50. > :17:54.can be used during the surgery to guide cutting tool. Two X-rays are,
:17:55. > :17:58.of course, cheaper than a full three-D CT or MRI scan and, once
:17:59. > :18:02.again, it means patients can be assessed who can't get to a fully
:18:03. > :18:07.kitted hospital. There's no surprise that many of the projects here
:18:08. > :18:11.concentrate on low-cost, rugged solutions to developing world
:18:12. > :18:17.problems. You may have come across Braille displays before, which allow
:18:18. > :18:21.you to connect via Bluetooth to your Android tablet, then whichever menu
:18:22. > :18:25.item is highlighted on the screen, the text is mirrors on the Braille
:18:26. > :18:30.readt here, and you can control the navigation using up and down buttons
:18:31. > :18:33.here. Well, this is a prototype Braille display called Braille Me,
:18:34. > :18:42.which works in a slightly different way. The Braille displays currently
:18:43. > :18:46.existing on the market are based on keiso-electric technology. Because
:18:47. > :18:51.of that, the cost for these devices are around are $2,000 to deloo 3,000
:18:52. > :18:55.each. We developed a completely new technology based on magnetics that
:18:56. > :19:03.are able to reduce the cost by 10 times. So we can sell it to the user
:19:04. > :19:10.at a price point around $300-$400. This machine needs to move for at
:19:11. > :19:16.least 10 million cycles of movement, it needs to be quiet, have power,
:19:17. > :19:24.and needs to be very precise. That is the challenge. This is the
:19:25. > :19:28.Andumen Irdu Primary School in Calcutta. There are 155 kids here
:19:29. > :19:32.from Grade 1 through to 7, and a whole bunch of dedicated teachers.
:19:33. > :19:36.And this is how they start their day.
:19:37. > :19:54.Over in Virjaya Nijak's classroom, things are a little more serious...
:19:55. > :20:00.So, at the back of the projector, there's a device which is plugged in
:20:01. > :20:07.and is running videos on English, maths and science. The videos are
:20:08. > :20:10.made for the entire region. But then they're dubbed in different
:20:11. > :20:14.dialects, different languages, depending on where they're sent to.
:20:15. > :20:19.Today, we're learning about fractions.
:20:20. > :20:23.It is great teaching tool - as long as there is electricity... But there
:20:24. > :20:31.are plenty of times when there isn't.
:20:32. > :20:37.Transthis is a valued school. Earlier, it would be difficult to
:20:38. > :20:41.teach because of power cuts. As the day passed by in the afternoon, we
:20:42. > :20:45.would have power cuts for more than two hours. That's why the projector
:20:46. > :20:49.and tablet are hooked up to this box, which is itself attached to a
:20:50. > :20:52.solar panel on the roof. Together, they can provide up to five hours of
:20:53. > :20:57.electricity a day, meaning that classes don't have to be interrupted
:20:58. > :21:02.or cancelled if the power cuts out. Then, we started using solar power,
:21:03. > :21:06.as it is an easy and natural source of generating electricity. We have
:21:07. > :21:09.introduced a studiy of generating power through solar energy to our
:21:10. > :21:13.students, and are teaching them the importance and working of it. We
:21:14. > :21:17.also explain to our students that this process will help us in the
:21:18. > :21:22.future to generate electricity. This whole system has been provided by
:21:23. > :21:26.the Selco Foundation, an Indian charity with the aim of hoping to
:21:27. > :21:33.alleviate poverty by improving access to energy. With this, they
:21:34. > :21:37.will get a better education through audiovisual teaching, and there is
:21:38. > :21:41.no problem of electricity. So time teachers can take their students to
:21:42. > :21:46.the classroom, they can teach through this medium. Selco and other
:21:47. > :21:50.NGOs they work with pay for half of the cost of installing the projector
:21:51. > :21:56.and solar system - the other half comes from local schools or local
:21:57. > :21:58.governments. How important is the projector?
:21:59. > :22:02.TRANSLATION: Before this project came in to use it, we had very few
:22:03. > :22:06.students. But since, we have started using the solar power, our number of
:22:07. > :22:10.students has increased in a good way. We have students coming to us
:22:11. > :22:14.from different villages to learn, and not only students - we have
:22:15. > :22:17.other schools coming down to our institute for smart classes. The
:22:18. > :22:24.smart class is a good way of teaching kids these days. They seem
:22:25. > :22:27.to enjoy and learn more than usual. After we introduced part? Class, our
:22:28. > :22:32.school stands proudly in the educational sector. We plan to grow
:22:33. > :22:36.larger as the years pass by. Cool. Whoa!
:22:37. > :22:42.The same system is already in hundreds of rural schools, and
:22:43. > :22:46.they're aiming to add hundreds more this year.
:22:47. > :22:53.And it's not just key for schools - across rural India, businesses can
:22:54. > :23:02.be helped massively by having a reliable power supply. Somana is a
:23:03. > :23:06.seamstress who lives a short drive from Kindapur. She became the
:23:07. > :23:10.breadwinner for her family after her father was taken ill. The more
:23:11. > :23:15.clothing she can prepare, the more she gets paid. With her old method,
:23:16. > :23:19.she could fix a couple of items per day. But thanks to the solar panel
:23:20. > :23:24.on her roof, she can whiz through five or sext per day. Plus, she has
:23:25. > :23:32.a fan, a TV and a light, so she can work earlier and later.
:23:33. > :23:37.One-quarter of India's rural population lives below the official
:23:38. > :23:41.population line - that's 260 million people whose livelihoods could be
:23:42. > :23:45.improved by the addition of basic facilities like electricity. And of
:23:46. > :23:51.course, one key way of helping people out of poverty is...
:23:52. > :23:57...education. It's always such a privilege to come to a place like
:23:58. > :24:00.this and see how the simplest technology can make a world of
:24:01. > :24:06.difference. That's it from India for the moment. You can see plenty of
:24:07. > :24:08.photos and more backstage gossip on Twitter. We live at:
:24:09. > :24:34.Thanks for watching. See you soon. There will be some chilly
:24:35. > :24:37.nights this weekend.