0:00:02 > 0:00:19This week: how to stay at your phone and change the world. Strawberries
0:00:20 > 0:00:44in a massive box. And fancy working in an enormous train station?
0:00:45 > 0:00:51I don't know if you have noticed, but there seems to have been the lot
0:00:52 > 0:00:55of election talk of late. This week, Click is taking a trip to Paris,
0:00:56 > 0:01:01where this weekend, the French take to the polls in the first round of
0:01:02 > 0:01:05their presidential election. And, curiously, from a technology point
0:01:06 > 0:01:09of view, the way we vote seems if anything to be going backwards. In
0:01:10 > 0:01:14the last election, France did allow online voting for those living
0:01:15 > 0:01:18overseas. But not this time. For both the presidential elections and
0:01:19 > 0:01:23the legislative elections in June it is back to pen and paper. And that
0:01:24 > 0:01:27is due to the fear of cyber attacks, which the French nationals cyber
0:01:28 > 0:01:32Security agency says are an extremely high risk. Queues of
0:01:33 > 0:01:36people, paper voting... Surely there has to be a better way. Well, we
0:01:37 > 0:01:43asked ABC News beat's political editor, Jonathan Blake, to have a
0:01:44 > 0:01:50look. Ancient institutions and modern technology. The two do not
0:01:51 > 0:01:52always go together. As elections are held worldwide throughout 2017 that
0:01:53 > 0:01:57could radically reshape the political landscape, most people
0:01:58 > 0:02:01will cast their vote in the same way it has been done for decades, using
0:02:02 > 0:02:07a pencil and paper to put across in a box. In the UK, election turnout
0:02:08 > 0:02:13has fallen steadily. Those campaigning for online voting say
0:02:14 > 0:02:16the system is stuck in the past, and it is time to digitise our
0:02:17 > 0:02:20democracy. It would make politicians pay attention more to the groups
0:02:21 > 0:02:24that would be an franchise by this method of voting. So those groups
0:02:25 > 0:02:28would be young people, because they are the ones who engage most online.
0:02:29 > 0:02:32And groups like people with disabilities or with vision
0:02:33 > 0:02:35impairments, of whom there are two million in this country, voters
0:02:36 > 0:02:39abroad, and the Armed Forces, if they have this accessibility to
0:02:40 > 0:02:44boating, politicians will have to listen to them. One company is
0:02:45 > 0:02:48working on a way to make voting more convenient, and they say, more
0:02:49 > 0:02:56secure, with an app that lets you register and vote by selfie. Uses
0:02:57 > 0:02:59facial biometrics and combine that with some sort of government
0:03:00 > 0:03:03document, whether it is a passport or driver 's licence, to create a
0:03:04 > 0:03:07digital identity which the voter is in control of. So this is a
0:03:08 > 0:03:12demonstration version of the app which Smartmatic have made. We will
0:03:13 > 0:03:19start registering, first of all. It is asking me to take a selfie. Panik
0:03:20 > 0:03:24stages to add photo ID. We will go with drivers license because I have
0:03:25 > 0:03:28that handy. Once the idea is matched to your face, the Apple confirms you
0:03:29 > 0:03:32are registered to vote. And we are voting for Rush Field Borough
0:03:33 > 0:03:36Council, which is not a real place. It is asking me to take a photo, so
0:03:37 > 0:03:40I hold up a camera and phone will take a selfie automatically. So here
0:03:41 > 0:03:44there is a list of candidates, the same you would see on the ballot
0:03:45 > 0:03:48paper. I don't need to tell you who are voting for, so I won't, I will
0:03:49 > 0:03:52pick one at random. And that's it. It says you have cast your vote
0:03:53 > 0:03:56successfully and it has given me a unique receipt number which I can
0:03:57 > 0:03:59either copy or centre myself by e-mail. You are asking people to
0:04:00 > 0:04:02take a photo of their face, capture an image of the photo
0:04:03 > 0:04:06identification. How secure is that information. Where does it go? The
0:04:07 > 0:04:10digital identity you create is unique to you and it stays on your
0:04:11 > 0:04:14device, on your personal mobile phone or tablet. Whatever you use to
0:04:15 > 0:04:18take it. It doesn't get stored anywhere. You are in control of it
0:04:19 > 0:04:22at all times and you are in control of what pieces of information you
0:04:23 > 0:04:26use to create that idea, and who you share it with. When it comes to
0:04:27 > 0:04:31security, we apply a non-standard, additional layers of security, in
0:04:32 > 0:04:37terms of really strongly encrypting the vote on your device, to add that
0:04:38 > 0:04:42additional layer of protection. But concerns about cyber security mean
0:04:43 > 0:04:46countries once embracing the use of technology in democracy are having
0:04:47 > 0:04:50second thoughts. In the Netherlands, where the voting system has been
0:04:51 > 0:04:58computerised since 2008, this year they are counting votes by hand. But
0:04:59 > 0:05:01the country that has earned a reputation as the electronic voting
0:05:02 > 0:05:07capital of the world is sticking to its guns. Estonia is almost the
0:05:08 > 0:05:13sensitive about its digital identity. Here in Estonia, everyone
0:05:14 > 0:05:16from the age of 15 carries a government issued photo ID card.
0:05:17 > 0:05:23Using this an accompanying PIN numbers you can access your bank,
0:05:24 > 0:05:26phone company, energy firm, and a lot of official information. You can
0:05:27 > 0:05:30see this man's name, address, date of birth, where he went to school,
0:05:31 > 0:05:34health records, everything down to what car he drives. In Estonia,
0:05:35 > 0:05:39voting is just another thing you can do online. Download software, user
0:05:40 > 0:05:43ID card and pin to make a selection, and vote from the comfort of your
0:05:44 > 0:05:48home or wherever is convenient. Around one in three voters now cast
0:05:49 > 0:05:55online, but officials admit it has not boosted turnout. The internet
0:05:56 > 0:06:00voter is a transformed paper voter. Having a novelty, a convenient
0:06:01 > 0:06:05method of voting, is not enough to bring people from the no voting zone
0:06:06 > 0:06:10back to voting, or to voting. Of course, you need other incentives.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14You need policy, you need reason to vote. I think it is interesting, but
0:06:15 > 0:06:18it needs proper security, and right now the measures are not good
0:06:19 > 0:06:22enough, in my opinion. Using the smart idea we have, it is easy and
0:06:23 > 0:06:27quick access to everywhere. I have used it, and I think it is very
0:06:28 > 0:06:31useful and it is very convenient. So I don't have to go somewhere to
0:06:32 > 0:06:35queue. Other countries seem reluctant to follow Estonia's lead.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39A British minister responsible for elections told me the government is
0:06:40 > 0:06:44looking only at taking very small steps. They have identification
0:06:45 > 0:06:49cards, and they keep the systems. It is a very different space to what we
0:06:50 > 0:06:53have in the UK where they don't have a privacy agenda about protecting
0:06:54 > 0:06:57individual citizens' rights, and protecting their own data. People
0:06:58 > 0:07:00are happy to do their banking online, shopping online. Why not use
0:07:01 > 0:07:05technology to enable people to vote more easily? Going forwards, we have
0:07:06 > 0:07:08got to make sure that while we embrace technology and we embrace
0:07:09 > 0:07:11things like online registration, online voting is a situation where
0:07:12 > 0:07:16if we believe the current paper and pen method is the best way forward,
0:07:17 > 0:07:21than actually it means that each individual's vote is counted
0:07:22 > 0:07:26equally, one voter, one vote. As technology advances, calls to
0:07:27 > 0:07:30digitise democracy will continue, but so will concerns about cyber
0:07:31 > 0:07:39security. So the pencil and paper may well always have its place. That
0:07:40 > 0:07:44was Jonathan Blake, and world technology may not be applied to
0:07:45 > 0:07:48voting at these French elections, it has certainly been causing a stir in
0:07:49 > 0:07:53other ways. Keen to draw attention to his campaign, a far left
0:07:54 > 0:08:02candidate took to the stage this week, addressing a crowd of 6000 at
0:08:03 > 0:08:07a rally in Dijon. But at the same time appeared at six other rallies
0:08:08 > 0:08:11across the world. They call it a hologram, we call it smoke and
0:08:12 > 0:08:15mirrors. It is not the first time politicians have used this tech to
0:08:16 > 0:08:22further their agenda. India's PM Narendra Modi used it during his
0:08:23 > 0:08:25campaign, and the Turkish President, Erdogan, used his avatar to appear
0:08:26 > 0:08:35at a meeting he couldn't make in person. A political journalist,
0:08:36 > 0:08:45sought Melenchon's first meeting. It was a meeting in France, he was out
0:08:46 > 0:08:52Lyon, with Marine Le Pen, and there was at the same time a big meeting
0:08:53 > 0:08:56with Macron, in Lyon, as well. So he knew that he was not the top
0:08:57 > 0:09:06politician. So it was a matter for him to be... To stand out. Yes. Now,
0:09:07 > 0:09:12we have seen the Peppers ghost allusion before on Click, and even
0:09:13 > 0:09:27allowing me to get down with Psy in Korea. But addressing Melenchon
0:09:28 > 0:09:30allowed him to address six venues simultaneously. The trick was to
0:09:31 > 0:09:38arrange film lighting, which is pretty much identical to this, on a
0:09:39 > 0:09:45trust, a picture frame trust, very similar, and angling and lighting
0:09:46 > 0:09:48the stages. All around the destinations you are broadcasting
0:09:49 > 0:09:52to. The camera in front of the stage filmed a wide shot, and the signal
0:09:53 > 0:10:00was broadcast over satellite 25 French cities, and Reunion Island,
0:10:01 > 0:10:05off the coast of Madagascar. Do you feel that this is the way that
0:10:06 > 0:10:12elections will be fought in the future, with holograms and
0:10:13 > 0:10:20technology and showmanship? No, I don't think so. I think it is really
0:10:21 > 0:10:28a true for Melenchon. The media were already there to see and to speak
0:10:29 > 0:10:35about it. I don't think that it is the way of making politics for the
0:10:36 > 0:10:40future days. What will this tech really help connect voters to
0:10:41 > 0:10:52politicians, or is this transparent projection just a gimmicky barrier
0:10:53 > 0:11:00that gets in the way? Egalite, oui! Welcome one at all to the church of
0:11:01 > 0:11:05Facebook, this is F8, the company's development conference which this
0:11:06 > 0:11:08year is being held in San Jose. I am here to find out what Mark
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Zuckerberg things we will want in the years and decades to come. I
0:11:13 > 0:11:16will start with the stuff that is happening right away for. Facebook,
0:11:17 > 0:11:22you will know that have notice, is locked in a battle over augmented
0:11:23 > 0:11:26reality tools like this. You can have a second coffee mug so it looks
0:11:27 > 0:11:30like you are not having Breakfast alone. Facebook also launched
0:11:31 > 0:11:34Spaces, a place to interact with avatars of your friends in virtual
0:11:35 > 0:11:36reality when you can't look up in real life. The company is also
0:11:37 > 0:11:41releasing these curious little cameras for capturing real-life
0:11:42 > 0:11:46scenes, in full, high-quality 360. The innovation here is that ability
0:11:47 > 0:11:50for the camera to record footage which has depth. It allows what is
0:11:51 > 0:11:55known as six degrees of freedom. I can lead in -- lenient and Kia
0:11:56 > 0:11:59around, even though the camera which took the footage I am seeing hasn't
0:12:00 > 0:12:03actually moved anywhere. In the past, you were frozen in the middle
0:12:04 > 0:12:07of a world, as if you were seeing a painting on the ceiling. We wanted
0:12:08 > 0:12:11you to actually be able to lenient and actually see the depth. At here
0:12:12 > 0:12:15is a need little trek. The depth perception also means you can add a
0:12:16 > 0:12:19kind of green screen effect without needing a green screen. Once you
0:12:20 > 0:12:22have that information, it is really built on the fact that you have
0:12:23 > 0:12:27captured the depth. You not only know the colour of that flower, you
0:12:28 > 0:12:31know how far it is a way, and you know how far the ground behind it is
0:12:32 > 0:12:35a way, and you can just subtract the ground away and replace it with
0:12:36 > 0:12:39grass, instead of Rocks Orbach. F8 is also about thinking what made it
0:12:40 > 0:12:44coming much further down the line. This little helicopter is another
0:12:45 > 0:12:47one of Facebook's attempts to bring connectivity too difficult to reach
0:12:48 > 0:12:51places. It is tethered to the ground, but once in the air it can
0:12:52 > 0:12:56beam internet to an area below, perfect for helping people in
0:12:57 > 0:13:00disaster zones. They have made it in conjunction with the San Francisco
0:13:01 > 0:13:03-based start-up. The idea is to basically build instant
0:13:04 > 0:13:06infrastructure. So it is an aircraft on a tether, where fibre and power
0:13:07 > 0:13:13run-up essentially the strongest your Mac longest extension cord you
0:13:14 > 0:13:17have ever seen, so in an earthquake or a cyclone, you can set up in the
0:13:18 > 0:13:21sky and instantly provide internet to all the people who need relief,
0:13:22 > 0:13:25and can't be reached because of disaster. And then, just when we
0:13:26 > 0:13:31thought the new ideas were over, things got weird. What if you could
0:13:32 > 0:13:35type directly from your brain? Even something as simple as a yes/ no
0:13:36 > 0:13:42brain click would fundamentally change our capability. It is many
0:13:43 > 0:13:46years off. They may never be able to do it. But this is the plan.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49Hardware and software that would allow you to post to Facebook
0:13:50 > 0:13:53without moving a muscle. So that's it for another year, and as they
0:13:54 > 0:13:55pack up, we are all left pondering the question, do I really want to
0:13:56 > 0:14:06plug Facebook into my brain? Now, back to Paris. And how would
0:14:07 > 0:14:10you feel about renting your car to a complete stranger? Well, believe it
0:14:11 > 0:14:24or not, here, there is an app that lets you do just that. Drivey has
0:14:25 > 0:14:28been operating for six years. Over 40,000 car owners have chosen to
0:14:29 > 0:14:32list their cars on the platform, mainly in France, Germany, and
0:14:33 > 0:14:38Spain, racking up 1-and-a-half million days of rentals. The alp
0:14:39 > 0:14:41gives me a list of vehicles available in the designated area.
0:14:42 > 0:14:52And then I can slow through pictures and details of each car. -- app. It
0:14:53 > 0:15:07is basically a B for your car. -- Airbnb. Here in the start-up, it has
0:15:08 > 0:15:11all the signs of a start-up. And how they convince people to learn their
0:15:12 > 0:15:16cars to others? Because I am British, maybe, but I think it is a
0:15:17 > 0:15:22crazy idea to hire my car to other people. Giving Norn would partake in
0:15:23 > 0:15:29this because of the risk and damage? We knew from the start that it would
0:15:30 > 0:15:34sound like a crazy 80 two rent your car to most people. But the question
0:15:35 > 0:15:43is if some people would agree it was a good idea and efficient, and these
0:15:44 > 0:15:47are the people we target. Give it is a reason why sharing services do
0:15:48 > 0:15:56very well. I think that special because it has the fact that
0:15:57 > 0:16:04businesses go well in the law is enforced, with still a Mediterranean
0:16:05 > 0:16:13culture. British and Americans are more scared about lending their
0:16:14 > 0:16:16cars. I heard that you teach kids about stranger danger in Britain.
0:16:17 > 0:16:24And that is something we don't know in France. And maybe less trusted
0:16:25 > 0:16:30people you don't know and less willingness to share time or things
0:16:31 > 0:16:39with other people. You have been to London, then, clearly. Can you find
0:16:40 > 0:16:46a lost car? We can geo- locate cars and see where the car is going and
0:16:47 > 0:16:57how it is behaving. You can use the accelerometer to sit there are in
0:16:58 > 0:17:00fact. -- impacts. The development is an autonomous cars are playing to
0:17:01 > 0:17:05our favour, because the amount of darker and control over the way that
0:17:06 > 0:17:10it is driven is going to increase until it is autonomous, and then
0:17:11 > 0:17:14whoever is in the car is no longer a problem, except for sandwich crumbs
0:17:15 > 0:17:21or something like that. In their early stages, start-ups like Drivy
0:17:22 > 0:17:30famously used desks anywhere they could find them. And very soon, a
0:17:31 > 0:17:37lot of those desks could be here. In the biggest start-up incubator I
0:17:38 > 0:17:43have ever seen. Goodness me! And that is because when it opens in
0:17:44 > 0:17:48June, this 90-year-old Paris train station will become the world's
0:17:49 > 0:17:56biggest start-up incubator. The director spoke to me earlier. What I
0:17:57 > 0:18:06like are these future Pods APA. What are those? These are our meeting
0:18:07 > 0:18:12rooms. -- -- pods up here. Massive walls, pens they are, you can put
0:18:13 > 0:18:18things up on the walls? I hope so. If you are a start-up, you need to
0:18:19 > 0:18:27write on the glass. Station F is full of big numbers. Privately
0:18:28 > 0:18:32funded, it cost 250 million euros. It has 34,000 square metres of floor
0:18:33 > 0:18:39space. It is as long as the Eiffel Tower is tall. It will seat 3000
0:18:40 > 0:18:46entrepreneurs, and that is just in the middle section. We have not even
0:18:47 > 0:18:52got to that bit yet. So this is the start-up zone. Oh my goodness, that
0:18:53 > 0:18:56is insane. And filling it with building dust like this makes it
0:18:57 > 0:19:02look awesome. And below us, we actually have showers and lockers if
0:19:03 > 0:19:06an entrepreneur was to stay all night, he can. What you mean if
0:19:07 > 0:19:13somebody was to stay all night? That is part of an entrepreneur! It may
0:19:14 > 0:19:16seem like overkill, it does to me, but Roxanne is confident that France
0:19:17 > 0:19:21can not only compete for start-up interest with the likes of the US
0:19:22 > 0:19:25and the UK, but in these uncertain times, it actually has an advantage.
0:19:26 > 0:19:30We've actually seen the impact of Brexit, we have seen the impact of
0:19:31 > 0:19:40Donald Trump in the US, and silicon valley prices of its currency --
0:19:41 > 0:19:44have been skyrocketing. A lot of countries that would have looked at
0:19:45 > 0:19:56UK are now looking at France and other places in the EU. France is
0:19:57 > 0:20:03currently second, behind the UK, in terms of both money raised in the
0:20:04 > 0:20:08darker, AI, and other deep tech in the last two years. -- data. And
0:20:09 > 0:20:14also in the size of its workforce. So it might not need a massive leap.
0:20:15 > 0:20:23Everybody gets a locker? Everybody gets a locker. I like this under
0:20:24 > 0:20:28lighting. Do you think in France, there are more regulations, more red
0:20:29 > 0:20:35tape, more official stuff that you how to cut through? I do think that
0:20:36 > 0:20:38administratively, it is a place that has potentially more complexity than
0:20:39 > 0:20:43elsewhere. It depends on what ecosystem you are comparing two will
0:20:44 > 0:20:46stop them may promote seen here in France is that things change. When a
0:20:47 > 0:20:50new administration comes in every three years, we are changing things
0:20:51 > 0:20:52that we have put into place. And start-ups cannot keep up. Every
0:20:53 > 0:20:56years they have a completely different tax credit or scheme, so
0:20:57 > 0:21:07there needs and that is stable and that they can count on. Not that red
0:21:08 > 0:21:11tape is was a problem here. One start-up in a northern suburb has
0:21:12 > 0:21:23really been given permission to place three of its pods around the
0:21:24 > 0:21:28city. So, what on earth is Agricool that makes the shipping container so
0:21:29 > 0:21:32desirable? It is a strawberry farm! You probably know that fruit sold in
0:21:33 > 0:21:38city supermarkets has usually been on a long journey over several days
0:21:39 > 0:21:42to get there. And that means it has to be picked before it is right and
0:21:43 > 0:21:48is not as sweet or nutritious as it would be if it was left on the
0:21:49 > 0:21:57plant. This is a way of keeping fruit on the plant in cities until
0:21:58 > 0:22:03the very last minute. There you go, for walls of strawberries bedding
0:22:04 > 0:22:09under LED lights. These are the sources of water in a closed loop
0:22:10 > 0:22:13system. Here are your nutrients, and over here, a box of bumblebees. Did
0:22:14 > 0:22:18you know you could order bumblebees by the box? I didn't. That is where
0:22:19 > 0:22:22they live, and that is where the pollination occurs. Agricool is
0:22:23 > 0:22:25currently experimenting with different colours of light and
0:22:26 > 0:22:31different mixes of nutrients in order to get the very best
0:22:32 > 0:22:39strawberries. Inside, we are creating a real paradise. Based on
0:22:40 > 0:22:52their, the CO2 level, the best light. It is 125,000 times more
0:22:53 > 0:22:59productive. Using 90% less water. No pesticides, and only renewable
0:23:00 > 0:23:03energy. The two founders, sons of farmers, have noticed how tomatoes
0:23:04 > 0:23:07and strawberries that have been transported over long distances are
0:23:08 > 0:23:18tougher in order to survive the journey. They try to find the best
0:23:19 > 0:23:29pieces, they can last longer, that have lighter skins than the fruit
0:23:30 > 0:23:33usually does. More skin and less fruit inside. It affects the case.
0:23:34 > 0:23:38Just to be clear, the shipping containers won't move. They will be
0:23:39 > 0:23:41permanent fixtures in cities. And with a minutely controlled climate,
0:23:42 > 0:23:48a new batch of strawberries can be grown in another room weeks -- every
0:23:49 > 0:23:5311 weeks. Giving people in the city the case to the country all year
0:23:54 > 0:23:57round. If you dig about the amount of agricultural land that has been
0:23:58 > 0:24:02swallowed up across the planet every day, this could be the future of
0:24:03 > 0:24:06buying. -- if you think about. That is it from Paris for the moment.
0:24:07 > 0:24:08There seems to be a lot going on here. We had to come back soon. But
0:24:09 > 0:24:18check us out on Twitter. -- have to.