:00:36. > :00:41.Fierce battles are under way in parts of Iraq as Islamist
:00:42. > :00:43.militants and government forces fight for control
:00:44. > :00:48.We'll discuss the latest developments
:00:49. > :00:53.and the threat posed by these jihadists back here in Britain.
:00:54. > :01:04.Iain Duncan Smith comes under fire over his welfare reforms, as
:01:05. > :01:07.Which county has adopted a flag with three black pears as its standard?
:01:08. > :01:11.And why are people across England going crazy for celebrating
:01:12. > :01:20.We'll talk to the country's leading vexillologist and a town crier.
:01:21. > :01:24.And we'll profile this 17th century philosopher in the latest of our
:01:25. > :01:32.series on Britain's favourite political thinkers.
:01:33. > :01:40.It's surprising, really, that this most conservative philosophers
:01:41. > :01:42.should promote ideas that were radical and would have such a
:01:43. > :01:48.revolutionary impact. And with us for the duration two
:01:49. > :01:53.newspaper columnists - Peter Oborne of the Daily Telegraph,
:01:54. > :01:56.and Jackie Ashley of the Guardian. Now, there's a glut of stories this
:01:57. > :02:00.morning about various aspects of To take us through them all,
:02:01. > :02:22.let's talk to our political It's like alphabet soup. PIP, USA,
:02:23. > :02:26.the PAC. Let's start with Margaret Hodge's Public Accounts Committee?
:02:27. > :02:30.Behind those acronyms there are a few pretty important stories. You
:02:31. > :02:33.need to get through the thick et to get to them. Personal independence
:02:34. > :02:37.payments, money to help people suffering from a long-term
:02:38. > :02:40.disability. There was a report by the National Audit Office, the
:02:41. > :02:43.official number crunchers, in February, that found all sorts of
:02:44. > :02:46.fundamental issues. The Government not realising ing how many
:02:47. > :02:51.assessments would have to be done. How serious they would be and how
:02:52. > :02:55.long they would take. Margaret Hodge, the chair of the Public
:02:56. > :03:00.Accounts Committee, a woman who cuts through these things defendant lane
:03:01. > :03:06.strongly has given her -- defendantly and strongly has given
:03:07. > :03:12.her characteristic robust response. It has been a shambolic fiasco.
:03:13. > :03:16.People have had to wait for far too long to be assessed. Remember we are
:03:17. > :03:19.talking about vulnerable people, disabled people who need extra money
:03:20. > :03:23.to live in their home. They will have been through a life-changing,
:03:24. > :03:26.or experiencing a life-changing condition, for example, they may
:03:27. > :03:30.have had a stroke, they've got cancer. They may have had a motor
:03:31. > :03:37.cycle accident and they need this benefit to live. And the Government
:03:38. > :03:42.says all that assessment is based on old figures, old numbers, they say
:03:43. > :03:46.they are on time and on budge wet that plan. Speak being on budge
:03:47. > :03:50.eted. The Government's limit on welfare spending, recently unveiled.
:03:51. > :03:54.There is a story about that might be breached because of spending on ESA.
:03:55. > :03:59.Tell us about that? The employment and support allowance. It is not new
:04:00. > :04:02.T replaced income support in 2008 T appears there are problems.
:04:03. > :04:05.Documents leaked to the BBC show civil servants scratching their
:04:06. > :04:09.heads and saying - this is costing a lot of money, what do we do about
:04:10. > :04:12.it? And coming to the conclusion that they weren't awfully sure. One
:04:13. > :04:16.of the documents suggest this is one of the largest fiscal risks
:04:17. > :04:20.currently facing the Government and they also suggest the risk is so
:04:21. > :04:24.great it could breach the Government's welfare cap. The cap on
:04:25. > :04:30.the amount of money it spent on most, not all of welfare for
:04:31. > :04:33.2015/16. The people at the Department for Work and Pensions say
:04:34. > :04:38.these are spurious scone oar yes, sir and they say they are very sure
:04:39. > :04:39.they will not be in a position where they breach that cap.
:04:40. > :04:41.sir and they say they are very sure they will not be However much some
:04:42. > :04:46.of their civil servants appear to have worried about it. And finally
:04:47. > :04:50.the big idea of the Government's welfare reform, to roll up a number
:04:51. > :04:55.of the major benefits into Universal Credit. You get a single payment
:04:56. > :04:59.instead of a raft of payments, it is Iain Duncan Smith's big plan, it has
:05:00. > :05:03.had a lot of critics on the implications and the application of
:05:04. > :05:07.it. Where are we with that? That's thushl. Critics about the way it is
:05:08. > :05:10.being done. -- this is' crucial. It is not necessarily about it
:05:11. > :05:13.happening at all. It has had pretty much cross-party support but the
:05:14. > :05:17.application has note gone smoothly. There are only ten job centres at
:05:18. > :05:20.the moment where you can get this. Something like 6,500 people are
:05:21. > :05:24.getting Universal Credit. They hoped it might be 1 million originally by
:05:25. > :05:29.now. As of Monday there will be an extra four job centres to add to
:05:30. > :05:32.those ten. They hope by the end of the year, another 86 in the
:05:33. > :05:36.north-west of England. You shove all these things together and Labour see
:05:37. > :05:40.a department on the point of crisis. They say - look, this tells you all
:05:41. > :05:43.you need to know about how this place is being run by Iain Duncan
:05:44. > :05:48.Smith and those working for him. Inside the DWP they argue and they
:05:49. > :05:51.argue pretty forcibly it has to be said - you simply cannot say that.
:05:52. > :05:57.They have put in place complex stuff, also inrollment on pensions,
:05:58. > :06:00.a new jobs website. A contract they also say for people taking up
:06:01. > :06:03.employment and they argue they can deliver things and where things have
:06:04. > :06:07.had problems in the past they are sorting it out. The big issue with
:06:08. > :06:12.all of this, we are not just talking about theory and politics and who is
:06:13. > :06:14.up and who is down, when this goes wrong, people suffer, July they
:06:15. > :06:19.shall people don't get money, that's why it is so high profile and why it
:06:20. > :06:22.matters and the figures on the national books are huge. It is
:06:23. > :06:26.difficult stuff this. You have got to get it right. Thank you very
:06:27. > :06:30.much. I think you may need to go and lie in a dark room to recover after
:06:31. > :06:33.that. The interesting thing about this, is
:06:34. > :06:36.as a general principle the Government's welfare reforms are
:06:37. > :06:41.popular. Even Labour seems this week to be running to try to catch up.
:06:42. > :06:45.But the devil is in the detail. A lot of that seems to be going wrong.
:06:46. > :06:49.I think the problem is they have had a long time to prepare for this. It
:06:50. > :06:53.has been Iain Duncan Smith's baby for many years now, this whole idea
:06:54. > :06:57.of reforming welfare. But they have not piloted the properly. The idea
:06:58. > :07:01.was to pilot it in lots of areas first and then roll it out. They
:07:02. > :07:05.have not taken into account that by doing more individual assessments,
:07:06. > :07:09.the basis behind t to get rid of what they call the scroungers, it is
:07:10. > :07:12.taking time. It is taking time for people to do that and getting the
:07:13. > :07:16.appointments done. No-one has looked into the mechanics of how it would
:07:17. > :07:20.operate which is why it seems to be falling to pieces. Is the welfare
:07:21. > :07:25.reform project still on the rails, or is it in danger of falling off
:07:26. > :07:29.the rails? It is definitely on the rails. I think it is worth just
:07:30. > :07:36.looking back a bit and thinking why it had to be done. Basically the
:07:37. > :07:44.beverage bell fair state was in collapse. In an act, I think --
:07:45. > :07:49.Beverage Welfare state was in collapse. I think Gordon Brown used
:07:50. > :07:53.the to create a basis for Labour voters. In other words the welfare
:07:54. > :07:57.state paid you to be remain unemployment and have no hope in
:07:58. > :08:01.your life. If you went on to get a job, financially it became an
:08:02. > :08:07.impossible thing to do. Mr Brown did that? That was Mr Brown did, that it
:08:08. > :08:11.was evil. As Chancellor, what he did was abuse this great noble yfted
:08:12. > :08:16.welfare state, to help people if they lose jobs, if -- great noble
:08:17. > :08:22.idea of the welfare state. To help people if they lose jobs and are
:08:23. > :08:27.suffering abject property and made it a lifestyle. We saw it in
:08:28. > :08:33.Benefits Street that successful programme. People who were supported
:08:34. > :08:39.by the state to be out of a job. You think that Gordon Brown did this
:08:40. > :08:42.deliberately? I think it was something Labour boasted about. It
:08:43. > :08:46.created a system that was so complex that you couldn't get off the dole.
:08:47. > :08:51.It is an incredibly brave and wonder ful thing which Iain Duncan Smith is
:08:52. > :08:57.doing and trying to do. Now, what these reports have shown and we have
:08:58. > :09:00.had it with the Universal Credit, is it has been very, very difficult to
:09:01. > :09:05.change the basis. I think the signs are that they are certainly trying
:09:06. > :09:09.still to push it through. Thank you. I'd better let Jackie reply. I can't
:09:10. > :09:12.quite believe I heard people say that Gordon Brown deliberately
:09:13. > :09:18.wanted people to sit at home. I thought he was a big believer in
:09:19. > :09:22.that Scottish Presbyterian work ethic? And he need ed to balance the
:09:23. > :09:28.books. It wasn't good for the question. It was disastrous.
:09:29. > :09:33.It became too complicated and too many benefits and some people taking
:09:34. > :09:37.advantage and Iain Duncan Smith has struck a chord when he says it is
:09:38. > :09:40.wrong for whole families to be on benefits for years and years. The
:09:41. > :09:44.human stories that the Public Accounts Committee uncovered during
:09:45. > :09:48.their inquiry is really shocking and it shouldn't be allowed to happen
:09:49. > :09:54.this quickly, leaving people with months and months with no benefits.
:09:55. > :09:58.I can't prove he deliberately did it in that way but that was the effect
:09:59. > :10:02.of the Brown system, to create a base of people dependent on the
:10:03. > :10:04.state. I remember the Thatcher Government taking people off
:10:05. > :10:08.unemployment benefit and putting them on disability benefit because
:10:09. > :10:11.it was open-ended. Which is why you have the employment and support
:10:12. > :10:14.allowance problem. Anyway, the debate continues but for us. Time
:10:15. > :10:30.for the daily quiz: According to the Secretary General
:10:31. > :10:32.of NATO, with which British pressure group is Vladimir Putin said to be
:10:33. > :10:34.plotting against? A) Anti-fracking campaigners,
:10:35. > :10:36.b) The Cat Protection League, c) Fathers 4 Justice, or d)
:10:37. > :10:39.The Automobile Association? At the end of the show Jackie
:10:40. > :10:48.and Peter will give us In Iraq the fighting between
:10:49. > :10:52.the Islamist-led militants ISIS and pro-government forces is continuing.
:10:53. > :10:58.Fierce battles are being fought at Baiji, the country's biggest oil
:10:59. > :11:04.refinery and Tal Afar airport in northern Iraq, which
:11:05. > :11:08.the rebels claim to have seized. The United States,
:11:09. > :11:10.the only Western power with any real ability to intervene,
:11:11. > :11:13.doesn't seem to have the appetite. President Obama is reluctant to get
:11:14. > :11:16.involved and that reflects US opinion.
:11:17. > :11:17.But he said yesterday he'd send 300 military advisers to help the Iraqi
:11:18. > :11:26.government. We have had advisors in Iraq through
:11:27. > :11:28.our embassy and we are prepared to send a small number of
:11:29. > :11:30.our embassy and we are prepared to send a small number additional
:11:31. > :11:32.American military advisors, up to 300, to assess how we can best
:11:33. > :11:36.train, advice and support 300, to assess how we can best
:11:37. > :11:41.train, advice Iraqi security forces going forward. American forces will
:11:42. > :11:46.not be returning to combat in Iraq. But we will help Iraqis as they take
:11:47. > :11:48.the fight to terrorists who threaten the Iraqi people in the region and
:11:49. > :12:13.American interests as well. Tlr concerns over the danger of
:12:14. > :12:19.blowback into their own countries. Earlier this week David Cameron said
:12:20. > :12:28."It was the most serious concern to British security." Pointing to
:12:29. > :12:34.British jihadists returning to Britain.
:12:35. > :12:43.Is David Cameron right? Are Jihadis returning from eastern, western
:12:44. > :12:49.Iraq, the biggest threat to the UK from terror? They are one of the
:12:50. > :12:50.biggest threats. They have warned Western
:12:51. > :12:52.from terror? They are one of the biggest threats. They have countries
:12:53. > :12:56.of the fact they intend to return to attack here. They have thousands of
:12:57. > :13:00.fighters, foreign fighters, who have come from different countries to
:13:01. > :13:03.join them in Syria and Iraq and relatively unnoticed we've had a
:13:04. > :13:07.successful attack on European soil. It happened to be a French jihadist
:13:08. > :13:11.who attacked the Jewish museum in Belgium. He was a returning fighter
:13:12. > :13:15.from Syria. Though it has gone relatively unnoticed, that precedent
:13:16. > :13:18.has been set. We have arrests in Britain where people have attempted
:13:19. > :13:23.to attack after returning from Syria. We have had fluent
:13:24. > :13:27.English-speaking fighters warn Canada and America that they'll
:13:28. > :13:30.return to their countries of origin and attack and it is worrying
:13:31. > :13:35.because at this moment in time we have more foreign and European
:13:36. > :13:39.fighters in Syria than ever went to Afghanistan. We have all heard of
:13:40. > :13:43.the Afghan blowback and I think we are woefully unprepared for the
:13:44. > :13:47.Syria blowback. Our own Frankrd Gardener, the BBC's security
:13:48. > :13:52.correspondent that estimates are 2,000 have gone from Europe, of
:13:53. > :13:55.which between 400 and 450 have come from this country. I suppose the
:13:56. > :14:00.danger is, that it is quite clear that they are being well-trained,
:14:01. > :14:03.that they will be or are already battle-hardened, that they are
:14:04. > :14:08.extreme. We know that ISIS is extreme. So, they are, if they come
:14:09. > :14:11.back, the potential for them to be dangerous people, when they come
:14:12. > :14:16.back I would have thought is very high. A no-brainer. When you say,
:14:17. > :14:22.treem, let's put in context how extreme. This is a group that's too
:14:23. > :14:26.extreme for Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaeda has expelled ISIS from its Chan fra be
:14:27. > :14:31.chies. They believe them to be too unruly and uncontrollable. That's
:14:32. > :14:34.what we are dealing W there are roughly 400 British born and raised
:14:35. > :14:39.citizens who have gone there. They are joining a group too extreme for
:14:40. > :14:44.Al-Qaeda. There is no turning back. ISIS after the conquest of Mosul and
:14:45. > :14:51.other cities amounting to one-third of Iraq, has set a new global
:14:52. > :14:56.standard for global jihadists. Al-Qaeda is yesterday's news. People
:14:57. > :15:06.coming to join them, are joining ISIS. It is the new zeitgeist. It is
:15:07. > :15:09.very worrying, they are literally unhinged as a nation. Speaking of
:15:10. > :15:25.the British nationals, do we know who they are and why they have gone?
:15:26. > :15:30.The security forces have a these early saying security services who
:15:31. > :15:33.seem to have no idea that ISIS was about to take the second biggest
:15:34. > :15:40.city in Iraq and huge chunks of the desert. If they didn't know that,
:15:41. > :15:46.why would we have confidence that they know who these people are? It
:15:47. > :15:52.is sad, it is unfortunate that last year I warned on the BBC of foreign
:15:53. > :15:57.fighters for a film we made with this week. People reacted by saying
:15:58. > :16:01.it was sensationalist, it was not going to happen. A couple of weeks
:16:02. > :16:08.before ISIS took most of all, we were warned they would go into Iraq.
:16:09. > :16:11.-- moulds all. We seem to have a pendulum approach to these sorts of
:16:12. > :16:25.issues. We did not like what happened with the original invasion
:16:26. > :16:32.of Iraq. We have taken a back foot. These people, when they returned to
:16:33. > :16:37.Britain, or they may go to Turkey, Pakistan... Are we in any position
:16:38. > :16:41.to know that when they land at Heathrow Airport or at Dover, that
:16:42. > :16:47.we know who they are and where they have been? No. It is complicated by
:16:48. > :16:51.the fact that some people have gone for a genuinely charitable and
:16:52. > :16:56.medical purposes. The real concern is that there are up to 400 who have
:16:57. > :17:02.gone to fight. It is very difficult to fill in. You can take a holiday
:17:03. > :17:07.in Turkey and walk through the porous border. It is difficult to
:17:08. > :17:19.avoid the little's incentives are in fact it. If this is a long-term stop
:17:20. > :17:28.there is no short-term fix. Until now, there is no "too challenging
:17:29. > :17:38.extremism in this country. Given that the security services don't
:17:39. > :17:52.know what is going on, how do you have for the fourth of humour I say
:17:53. > :17:55.that. There are organisations are actively monitoring and verify
:17:56. > :18:03.individual voices from the cases they have been interviewed. There
:18:04. > :18:10.are hundreds of fighters from you. Would review the side, I don't think
:18:11. > :18:16.there is any doubt that there are some, sometimes these figures are
:18:17. > :18:21.thrown out as they gain currency. You're never sure what the
:18:22. > :18:33.provinces. But assuming this is a problem, what do we do about them?
:18:34. > :18:46.We have first of all to acknowledge that we created a lot of the
:18:47. > :18:52.problem. The last three years Britain has been enabling and
:18:53. > :18:58.helping this lot in Syria. It has been part of the British policy to
:18:59. > :19:00.bring them on our side. We have been very careless about the people we
:19:01. > :19:04.have entered alliances with. The ISIS fighters, from the Baathist
:19:05. > :19:08.army. They come from the groups we have created in order to get out of
:19:09. > :19:11.Iraq cleanly. They come party from these jihadist groups who worked
:19:12. > :19:17.alongside our allies in Qatar. In what way has Britain helped ISIS? It
:19:18. > :19:22.was our policy to bring down Assad. We did not have the will or microbes
:19:23. > :19:29.are perhaps not the ability to intervene directly to get rid of
:19:30. > :19:36.Assad. So we allowed the Saudis and the Qataris to fund these terror
:19:37. > :19:42.groups. How could we stop the -- how could we stop them? They are our
:19:43. > :19:48.allies. The use of the jihad e-groups, they were on our side. We
:19:49. > :19:57.wanted Assad out. We must acknowledge that is part of the
:19:58. > :20:01.legacy of our Syrian rhetoric. I understand all that but you have not
:20:02. > :20:09.explained how we have directly helped ISIS. I did not say that. All
:20:10. > :20:14.of that is water under the bridge. The issue is what is to be done now.
:20:15. > :20:17.We think there are a number of these people. They are British national.
:20:18. > :20:22.If they are nationalised British citizens, we have the power to stop
:20:23. > :20:26.them. If they are British nationals, born here, there is not a lot we can
:20:27. > :20:30.do. The intelligence services, someone said to me in a previous
:20:31. > :20:38.programme, the intelligence services would have to monitor them. I think
:20:39. > :20:41.part of the problem is that ever since the weapons of mass
:20:42. > :20:46.destruction weren't there, there is a great sense of not believing the
:20:47. > :20:49.security services know when they say there are all of these people. I'm
:20:50. > :20:54.sure this is part of the problem you are finding. People say nothing is
:20:55. > :21:06.happening. We have really got to get the public onside and say, this is a
:21:07. > :21:11.thread. -- threat. All of that is fine. It doesn't address the major
:21:12. > :21:16.problem is that if these people, when they come back to this country,
:21:17. > :21:20.as many of them will do, and they present their passports to border
:21:21. > :21:26.control, and if we are lucky enough to know that they have been part of
:21:27. > :21:30.ISIS, part of beheading squads, part of rounding up people and killing
:21:31. > :21:36.them, shooting them in the back, what do we do? There is very little
:21:37. > :21:42.in the short term. We don't know who is gone in the first place. There is
:21:43. > :21:47.very little in the short term we can do. We must start counter messaging
:21:48. > :21:56.online. ISIS have an app. They have a smartphone. They are so far ahead.
:21:57. > :21:59.We are so far behind. We are so far behind in terms of grassroots and
:22:00. > :22:04.communities in this country. 400 fighters roughly do not just get up
:22:05. > :22:06.and risk their lives without coming from a certain atmosphere that
:22:07. > :22:12.generates the sympathy for that cause. Yet the communities in local
:22:13. > :22:19.government department, four years too late, is yet to publish its
:22:20. > :22:25.non--- is extremist strategy. That may help deal with the problem in
:22:26. > :22:29.the future. Where we seem to have no policy response at all is in how we
:22:30. > :22:33.deal with those that have already gone. Some of them are in prison.
:22:34. > :22:40.The national vendor 's management service does not have a
:22:41. > :22:44.comprehensive the radicalisation plan for prisons. Jihadist groups
:22:45. > :22:48.are openly recruiting in prisons. And there is no strategy in place to
:22:49. > :22:54.start the counter messaging and presence. There are 3% of this
:22:55. > :22:58.country who are Muslims yet 20% are in the prison population. They are
:22:59. > :23:04.vulnerable to radicalisation and predisposed to violent environments.
:23:05. > :23:07.We have two take out finger out and challenge extremism. Sadly, we are
:23:08. > :23:18.dithering on this subject and we have been for too long. Is their any
:23:19. > :23:23.good news?! ISIS appears to want to control a state. It needs oil
:23:24. > :23:35.fields. That means boarders at the end of the day. That means it has
:23:36. > :23:40.certain conventional... Al-Qaeda had no designs. It was not based
:23:41. > :23:43.anywhere. That suggests to me there is a possibility that eventually
:23:44. > :23:52.they will settle down and become an area of land which you can negotiate
:23:53. > :23:52.with. I don't know. That is a bit of a silver
:23:53. > :23:58.with. I don't know. That is a bit lining there!
:23:59. > :24:00.Now if you're an avid follower of the Daily Politics,
:24:01. > :24:04.you'll know about our long-running series which showcases some of the
:24:05. > :24:09.We've discussed Karl Marx, Niccolo Machiavelli, Friedrich Hayek, Peter
:24:10. > :24:22.You can see all of the films in the series on our website.
:24:23. > :24:24.Today we're looking at the 17th century English
:24:25. > :24:52.These video is not running. I will now give a lecture on John Locke. --
:24:53. > :24:55.the video. I did political philosophy at University. He was
:24:56. > :24:57.quite a good writer. He liked the odd cup of tea in the morning.
:24:58. > :25:05.And Lisa Nandy joins us now from our studios in Salford.
:25:06. > :25:18.You have no idea how happy I am to see you! Hi, Andrew! I will take
:25:19. > :25:24.that as a compliment. You are a champion for John Locke. Tell us
:25:25. > :25:26.why. Quite simply because he had such an astonishing impact not just
:25:27. > :25:33.here in Britain but on the rest of the world as well. He had this huge
:25:34. > :25:36.inside the Government 's don't get their power handed to them by God.
:25:37. > :25:42.They get their power from the people and rule only by the well and
:25:43. > :25:47.consent of the people. That gave us the basis of Parliamentary democracy
:25:48. > :25:51.and sparked off revolutions in France, America and you can see John
:25:52. > :25:56.Locke basically written into every line of the American Constitution
:25:57. > :26:01.still today. Can we count him among those philosophers both in this
:26:02. > :26:04.country and in continental Europe, that began laying down the
:26:05. > :26:10.philosophical case for governments to be held accountable by the
:26:11. > :26:14.people? Absolutely. He went further than that. He said governments have
:26:15. > :26:19.two rule in the interests of the people that put them there. And if
:26:20. > :26:23.they don't do that, they can be removed. Although John Locke was
:26:24. > :26:30.actually quite an establishment figure, he certainly was not a
:26:31. > :26:33.radical or revolutionary. He went on -- it was that that provided the
:26:34. > :26:39.underpinning for the American and French revolutions. He made a huge
:26:40. > :26:43.impact around the world. If you think now as well that there are
:26:44. > :26:48.still people fighting for the right to be recognised as the people are
:26:49. > :26:51.power should reside, with limits on executives and their ability to rule
:26:52. > :27:00.over them. These things are really important. I have got more questions
:27:01. > :27:08.to ask you. I am delighted to say, we have put a shilling in the meter
:27:09. > :27:10.and there is just a chance your film will run. Let me hold my breath and
:27:11. > :27:39.see what happens. John Locke life. He joined in safe
:27:40. > :27:43.in the and here in the library I have in front of me letters that
:27:44. > :27:50.John Locke wrote back to the Royal Society. One from Montpelier.
:27:51. > :27:57.Observations of the moon. Here, in Paris, a letter written on
:27:58. > :28:04.observations of a medical quirk. Here, a constitution, a part of
:28:05. > :28:07.colonial America. Things like this became the foundation for the
:28:08. > :28:11.American Constitution. This is a man with varied interests and
:28:12. > :28:19.interesting things to say. Today we would call him a polymath. I am off
:28:20. > :28:23.to meet a Labour MP who thinks his philosophy of politics is what makes
:28:24. > :28:32.him relevant. Let's start at the very beginning. Lisa, we have come
:28:33. > :28:39.to a nursery, which may seem odd but it is one of John Locke's big theory
:28:40. > :28:44.is that we were all born a blank slate and accumulate knowledge. What
:28:45. > :28:50.excited you about John Locke? That theory made a huge splash at the
:28:51. > :28:55.time. What excited me was the theory of a quality he puts forward. We are
:28:56. > :28:58.surrounded by children, all of them with different characteristics. What
:28:59. > :29:03.John Locke argued was that for the purposes of political representation
:29:04. > :29:08.none of those differences matter. We are all equal. When I first picked
:29:09. > :29:10.up these books at university and found this radical idea in what is
:29:11. > :29:13.really quite an established and -- establishment figure, I thought he
:29:14. > :29:17.was worth reading. Those radical ideas get him into trouble with the
:29:18. > :29:23.establishment. I want to take you to the scene of what may or may have
:29:24. > :29:36.been -- may not have been a plot. Let's go. Lisa, this is right house.
:29:37. > :29:41.It is just a gatehouse now. In 1683, John Locke is implicated in a plot
:29:42. > :29:46.to kill Charles II, who was king, and his brother James, who will
:29:47. > :29:52.become king. John Locke asked to flee Netherlands. He does not come
:29:53. > :29:57.back to Britain. -- John Locke asked to flee to the Netherlands. William
:29:58. > :30:00.of Orange is installed on this wrong. It seems he is adapting to
:30:01. > :30:05.those people in power because they seem to believe what he believes? I
:30:06. > :30:09.think you are looking at this the wrong way round. He was riding for
:30:10. > :30:16.those people in power. People who had the ability to change things. At
:30:17. > :30:19.times this makes his philosophy seem inconsistent, perhaps a little bit
:30:20. > :30:26.incoherent. The really exciting thing about John Locke is that he
:30:27. > :30:30.was a doer as well as a thinker. He lived through these tremendous
:30:31. > :30:34.times, the battle for power between King and Parliament. His argument
:30:35. > :30:38.about the limits of power changed what was to happen next. Doctor
:30:39. > :30:41.Elizabeth Fraser of Oxford University is clear that not only
:30:42. > :30:49.does John Locke affect what happens next year, but abroad, too, by
:30:50. > :30:52.making a simple argument. He's the great theorist of anti-patriarch
:30:53. > :30:57.it. He set out to argue that patriarchal list theory, which was
:30:58. > :31:03.very common in the 17th century, the idea that political power is the
:31:04. > :31:08.power of the father over his son, it is the power of the husband over his
:31:09. > :31:10.wife, that is what the King's power is, he set out to show that that is
:31:11. > :31:25.false. This is where John Locke worshipped
:31:26. > :31:29.for the last 13 years of his life. He is buried in the churchyard.
:31:30. > :31:34.Church is quite important to one of his principal philosophies, the
:31:35. > :31:43.separation of power between church and government? Locke was concerned
:31:44. > :31:48.with the limits of Government power. Instead of seeing the monarchy what
:31:49. > :31:52.happeneded down divine right from God. He seen it as the power of the
:31:53. > :31:55.people. This of paved the way for the American War of Independence and
:31:56. > :31:58.the French revolution. If you look at the American constitution, you
:31:59. > :32:04.can see Locke written into every line of that document. It's
:32:05. > :32:09.surprising, really, that this most conservative of philosophers should
:32:10. > :32:12.end up pushing forwards ideas that were tremendously radical and have
:32:13. > :32:16.such a revolutionary impact. Speaking about the church, he is
:32:17. > :32:20.very interested in religion, isn't he? He writes this profound defence
:32:21. > :32:24.of religion toleration. He might have been doing that for political
:32:25. > :32:28.reasons, but the impact was to launch the first sustained campaign
:32:29. > :32:31.for religion freedom from inside the Church of England. Let's see if we
:32:32. > :32:39.can find his grave, in the churchyard.
:32:40. > :32:46.I think, if I'm right, yes, there he is. There we go. The plaque here was
:32:47. > :32:50.actually put together by the American and British Commonwealth
:32:51. > :32:56.association. So, clearly, they understand the importance that he
:32:57. > :33:03.has in the American political system but what relevance does John Locke
:33:04. > :33:07.have to us today? I think he is hugely relevant. His defence of
:33:08. > :33:11.toleration set up broad principles which mattered with the far right
:33:12. > :33:14.sweeping Europe. But there is something more than that, that I
:33:15. > :33:19.think he will be remembered for. He set out the foundation of Western
:33:20. > :33:23.democracy, this idea that Government only derives its legitimacy from the
:33:24. > :33:28.will of the people and with trust in politicians at an all-time low and
:33:29. > :33:32.people dissatisfied with politics as a whole, we could do so much worse
:33:33. > :33:35.than to revisit the writings of a man from the 17th century to find
:33:36. > :33:37.answers to some of the really challenging problems that we face
:33:38. > :33:53.today. Now back to Lisa Nandy who was on
:33:54. > :33:57.the film, in Salford now. There were Coentra digses to what he wrote. You
:33:58. > :34:01.say he wanted religion toleration, but not for atheists. Yes. But
:34:02. > :34:06.interestingly, though, on the other side he was way ahead of his time in
:34:07. > :34:11.that he disliked the power of man over women, at a time when even
:34:12. > :34:16.progressive philosophers were largely writing about men? Yes,
:34:17. > :34:21.there were lots of contradictions in his writing. I think that was
:34:22. > :34:29.largely because he was writing for political purposes. He wrote about
:34:30. > :34:34.the way of stopping a Catholic from descending the throne and he wrote
:34:35. > :34:39.about religion toleration to prevent Catholicism taking over, as as he
:34:40. > :34:46.saw T whether what he did was by design or accident what he did
:34:47. > :34:49.provoked the freedom of thought. Not just religious thought but this idea
:34:50. > :34:53.that the Government and churches don't have any right toll tell us
:34:54. > :34:58.what we believe and violence isn't ineffective it is also illegitimate
:34:59. > :35:02.that. Defence has lasted for much longer and can be easily extended to
:35:03. > :35:06.things like women's rights, for example, for to atheists' rights to
:35:07. > :35:09.believe what they may believe. Locke might have been horrified that that
:35:10. > :35:13.would have been where his argument ended up being used but envelopes it
:35:14. > :35:16.makes him an important figure. OK, thank you for that.
:35:17. > :35:21.Jackie, I suspect he might also have been surprised that once we got
:35:22. > :35:27.government that is were accountable to the people, how disillusioned we
:35:28. > :35:31.became with them. A more verious defence of Locke, I'm not sure I
:35:32. > :35:35.would describe him as the first great feminist thinker which seemed
:35:36. > :35:40.to be coming out of Lisa's analysis He Weualities put our values out of
:35:41. > :35:45.other generations. For me, not enough social justice in his
:35:46. > :35:49.philosophy. A great man. Jackie has put her finger on T it is marvellous
:35:50. > :35:54.to see that the Labour Party is coming to appreciate John Locke the
:35:55. > :36:02.great defender of property. He was also - and fabulous to see some
:36:03. > :36:06.Oxford don making out he is the project of feminism. He was a
:36:07. > :36:09.radical philosopher at the time but he became - he is now a very
:36:10. > :36:17.conservative philosopher because his ideas were embodied in the American
:36:18. > :36:18.state. And he's - and we should celebrate him as Conservatives and
:36:19. > :36:21.it is wonderful that Labour... celebrate him as Conservatives and
:36:22. > :36:27.it is wonderful Didn't he have a wonderful nose didn't you think? It
:36:28. > :36:30.was quite a hooter. I wouldn't disagree with this point about
:36:31. > :36:34.feminism. I don't think you can make a strong case for Locke as a
:36:35. > :36:35.feminist at all. I think the point about property is
:36:36. > :36:39.feminist at all. I think the point about quite interesting because one
:36:40. > :36:44.of the things that Locke argues is that we only derive our ownership of
:36:45. > :36:48.property because we expend our energy in creating something with T
:36:49. > :36:51.he has this huge section of his philosophy where he talks about
:36:52. > :36:56.tilling the land and mixing your labour with the land and that is
:36:57. > :37:01.where you derive your ownership from the fruits of that labour from.
:37:02. > :37:04.That, was an idea that was to become pretr he men duesly significant
:37:05. > :37:08.later on when it was taken up by Karl Marx. It is right to say he is
:37:09. > :37:12.a Conservative philosopher but he has had an impact in many, many way
:37:13. > :37:15.that is he would never have anticipated. All right. Lisa Nandy
:37:16. > :37:19.thank you very much. Good to talk to you. Thanks. As I say, you can see
:37:20. > :37:24.all of our pen portraits of philosophers over the centuries gone
:37:25. > :37:30.by on our websites. Are there any women among them? I'm not sure. Oh,
:37:31. > :37:38.dear. Mary Wilson, perhaps. She'll do. Phew! This was meant to
:37:39. > :37:48.be an easy segment of the problem. # neck -- of the programme.
:37:49. > :37:51.It was a hard fought competition, and despite a valiant effort it's
:37:52. > :37:56.But I'm not talking about some soccer tournament in
:37:57. > :37:58.South America, I'm talking about the Europe's next Commission President.
:37:59. > :38:00.I know you've been talking about nothing else.
:38:01. > :38:03.David Cameron will have one final chance to stop the coronation
:38:04. > :38:05.of Luxembourger Jean-Claude Junker at next week's EU summit -
:38:06. > :38:11.As well as being in charge of the money, the Commission initiates
:38:12. > :38:15.all EU legislation, acts as a guardian of the EU treaties and it
:38:16. > :38:21.Whilst European leaders propose who becomes the President,
:38:22. > :38:25.they now have to make the choice taking into account the elections to
:38:26. > :38:33.The European People's Party won that election and proposed Mr Junker
:38:34. > :38:35.as its candidate, a man who David Cameron described
:38:36. > :38:43.Just to make it even harder, Britain doesn't have a veto
:38:44. > :38:48.The decision is made by qualified majority and the
:38:49. > :38:52.Prime Minister needs support from countries representing 38% of the
:38:53. > :39:03.Whilst a number of leaders have privately expressed reservations,
:39:04. > :39:09.Just like the England football team, there is still a slim chance
:39:10. > :39:12.of success and it rests on the Italians.
:39:13. > :39:17.Italy's Prime Minister Metteo Renzi could be an unlikely ally.
:39:18. > :39:22.Mr Renzi is said to be unhappy at Juncker's austerity plans and may
:39:23. > :39:36.this week. the Presidency was clear in PMQs
:39:37. > :39:42.It is a simple principle, much more connected to the principle than the
:39:43. > :39:46.name. It is this, I think it will 's be shared on every side of the
:39:47. > :39:49.House. The members of the European Council who are the elected Prime
:39:50. > :39:53.Ministers and elected presidents under the treaties, we should choose
:39:54. > :39:57.who runs the European Commission. I don't mind how many people on the
:39:58. > :40:04.European Council disagree with me, I will fight this right to the very
:40:05. > :40:08.end. And what I would say - what I would say to my colleagues on the
:40:09. > :40:12.European Council, many of whom have expressed interesting views about
:40:13. > :40:17.both this principle and this person, "If you want reform in Europe, you
:40:18. > :40:21.have to stand up for it." If you want change, you have to vote for
:40:22. > :40:24.it. That's the message I will take and that is is the right message for
:40:25. > :40:28.our country. joined by Stephen Booth, research
:40:29. > :40:41.director at the think-tank Open Is it a done deal, will Mr Juncker
:40:42. > :40:45.get the job? He is the favourite. The irony is what has been held up
:40:46. > :40:49.is the great hope for pan-European democracy has descended in horse
:40:50. > :40:52.trading and backroom deals we have seen in the past. As you mentioned
:40:53. > :40:56.earlier, it sli still a swing voter and there is still a degree of
:40:57. > :41:00.unpredictability there. If there are others, other than Mr Cameron who
:41:01. > :41:03.don't like the prospect of Mr Juncker, why don't they speak out,
:41:04. > :41:07.too? Lots of things going on. Cameron has made it a point of
:41:08. > :41:10.principle, about the national leadership of the Commission
:41:11. > :41:14.President, not the European Parliament. People like Matteo Renzi
:41:15. > :41:20.in Italy is fighting a different battle, he is concerned about get
:41:21. > :41:25.concessions from germ on on how the eurozone is run. People may end up
:41:26. > :41:32.on the same side but for different reasons. President of the European
:41:33. > :41:36.Parliament think it is should be Mr Juncker and even if it is agreed
:41:37. > :41:39.that they were not going to do that by the European Council, there could
:41:40. > :41:42.be a stalemate because if they nominate somebody else, he or she
:41:43. > :41:45.still has to be approved by the European Parliament? That's right.
:41:46. > :41:48.The European Parliament has a veto over the apartment in the end. You
:41:49. > :41:51.could end up having two or three rounds of this process where
:41:52. > :41:55.national leaders put someone forward and it is either accepted or
:41:56. > :41:59.rejected by MEPs. You are quite keen for Mr Juncker to get the job, I
:42:00. > :42:06.understand, but perhaps not for the same reasons as Mr Juncker? No, no,
:42:07. > :42:09.I think speaking as a yurpted, a Conservative eurosceptic, those who
:42:10. > :42:14.don't wish Europe particularly well, want it to bring itself into
:42:15. > :42:21.disrepute. And some sort of clueless, sort of ex-premier of
:42:22. > :42:25.Luxembourg, that sort of world centre of tax-dodging and
:42:26. > :42:31.corruption, where they are held in complete disdain by other world
:42:32. > :42:35.leaders, a man wrededdedsed to some 1970s bankrupt ideology, this is the
:42:36. > :42:38.man we need, the full ghastliness of the European idea will be brought
:42:39. > :42:45.into widespread attention. #12k3w4r it is, is it not, quite remarkable
:42:46. > :42:48.that -- It is, is it not, quite remarkable that given the European
:42:49. > :42:51.elections and events in the eurozone, youth unemployment and so
:42:52. > :42:56.on, that there is deep disillusion with the European project across not
:42:57. > :43:00.just in this country. I mean the National Front won the election in
:43:01. > :43:04.France and they are as eurosceptic as you can get but the response of
:43:05. > :43:08.the European elite is to choose a man synonymous with the European
:43:09. > :43:12.establishment way of doing things? I have to grant you, that is true. I
:43:13. > :43:16.would prefer to talk about David Cameron and I think he's being
:43:17. > :43:20.damaged by this - I'm going to fight this on the beaches and that. That's
:43:21. > :43:24.just process. It is not. When he talks about the great reforms he is
:43:25. > :43:28.going to win from the European Union he will then put before the British
:43:29. > :43:31.people in his referendum, people are not going to be so sure he can
:43:32. > :43:37.achieve them. People have said - absolutely he is going to stop this
:43:38. > :43:41.man, Juncker. Was he right? He has a point of view, he is entitled to it.
:43:42. > :43:46.That's not what I asked. Is he right? I think in the way he did it
:43:47. > :43:51.was foolish. A typical Labour response. You sit on the fence doing
:43:52. > :43:56.nothing. I'm not. Is he right or wrong? Should we have Juncker or
:43:57. > :43:59.not? I don't feel strongly whether we have him or not. You don't have
:44:00. > :44:04.any opinion on the subject. Labour has been criticising the process of
:44:05. > :44:09.how he has handled T we can all be Monday morning quarterbacks on that.
:44:10. > :44:14.European is a labyrinthite operation. We do know what Mr
:44:15. > :44:16.Cameron stands for on this, he doesn't want Juncker or a
:44:17. > :44:19.federalist. We don't know what Labour or the Liberal Democrats
:44:20. > :44:24.want. Well, the Liberal Democrats can speak for themselves, as can
:44:25. > :44:27.Labour. What we do have to do is work with everyone in Europe to
:44:28. > :44:31.achieve a candidate. You can't go out on a limb as calm reason seems
:44:32. > :44:36.to keep doing saying - I'm going to have this and that and I'm in the
:44:37. > :44:40.going to work with the rest. Don't you think it would be popular given
:44:41. > :44:44.what this man stands for and given the mood of the British people for
:44:45. > :44:48.Mr Cameron to say - I may not have won because I don't have the votes
:44:49. > :44:52.but I fought against this guy. It may work out in practice, we will
:44:53. > :44:55.have to wait and see. This brings home actual lit disastrous position
:44:56. > :44:59.which Miliband is in. He is not really on -- actually the
:45:00. > :45:02.disastrous. Mr Miliband. On this programme, you are quite right.
:45:03. > :45:06.Cameron is going out there and fighting a very honourable battle
:45:07. > :45:10.for reform inside Europe. We can see he is on the right side. He
:45:11. > :45:17.expresses himself. And these sort of halfwhich thes in Brussels. It is
:45:18. > :45:20.not only the half wits, in Brussels. Idiots I might say. Who are
:45:21. > :45:23.apparently saying one thing to David Cameron and another thing publicly.
:45:24. > :45:27.It is not just the people in Brussels who want Juncker, it is
:45:28. > :45:32.lots of other European leaders, you can't Diss them as well. Why do so
:45:33. > :45:45.many people in Luxembourg get the top jobs? Is there something in the
:45:46. > :45:49.coffee? If The one side for a camera and this is that people will be
:45:50. > :45:50.falling over themselves out of this certainly the offside for the
:45:51. > :46:03.camera. Angela Merkel made this clear
:46:04. > :46:10.yesterday. Britain has to take this on the chin. But they will do a deal
:46:11. > :46:15.later on. What will be said is that if Mr Cameron could not get his way
:46:16. > :46:23.over Mr Juncker, how will he get his way over the repatriations of major
:46:24. > :46:27.powers from Brussels back to the UK? That is a fair charge. That was
:46:28. > :46:34.always the risk of thinking is a fair charge. That was always the
:46:35. > :46:39.risk of taking a strategy That is a commission job. That is relevant to
:46:40. > :46:44.the repatriations. That is just frustrating in Brussels. If he
:46:45. > :46:52.cannot get his way on this, how does he get away -- his way on the more
:46:53. > :46:57.complicated matter of convincing Europeans that he should be able to
:46:58. > :47:00.repatriate all of these powers? We have to wait and see. The European
:47:01. > :47:07.Commission is not the only entity that can make or break David
:47:08. > :47:14.Cameron's renationalisation agenda. The commission is important. But a
:47:15. > :47:18.lot of things will be decided among national governments. What do you
:47:19. > :47:24.make of Peter Cockburn who says that getting Mr Juncker in would be great
:47:25. > :47:30.for Euroscepticism to matter as Mac? I agree. The problem with this is
:47:31. > :47:34.that if the UK does stay in a reformed European Union, we do not
:47:35. > :47:40.want to set the president -- precedent whereby the Parliament
:47:41. > :47:43.selects the president. I thought we thought there was a democratic
:47:44. > :47:48.deficit and we want to do something about it? We do. But I don't think
:47:49. > :47:51.anybody thinks that younger is going to be elected on a wave of
:47:52. > :47:59.democratic sentiment across the union. Thank you.
:48:00. > :48:02.Now, while the England flag is being flown from pub windows, on car roofs
:48:03. > :48:05.and even in Downing Street, another, lesser know flag has this week been
:48:06. > :48:10.On Monday a brand new flag for Sussex was flown by Eric Pickles
:48:11. > :48:15.on his department's office block, in celebration of Sussex Day.
:48:16. > :48:17.It's a relatively new invention, and it got the team here at
:48:18. > :48:19.Daily Politics wondering whether other counties in England
:48:20. > :48:32.Every county has its own character but when it comes to choosing a
:48:33. > :48:38.county flag there seems to be some common themes. Put something local
:48:39. > :48:44.on it. Nottinghamshire nodded towards its most famous local outlaw
:48:45. > :48:50.when it first adopted bears. Two, there is always immense local pride.
:48:51. > :48:53.Listen to the good folk of Worcestershire as the three pairs
:48:54. > :49:02.graced the flagpole for the first time. It is great. It represents the
:49:03. > :49:07.county. It is good. Very impressed, yes. And third, they are usually
:49:08. > :49:12.chosen through some sort of competition, for example, how would
:49:13. > :49:15.the people of Northamptonshire choose between these four beauties?
:49:16. > :49:21.But as we found in Derbyshire a few years ago, you cannot please all of
:49:22. > :49:26.the people all of the time. Out of these three it was my least
:49:27. > :49:29.favourite but not to worry. It goes to show that across our green and
:49:30. > :49:40.pleasant land, county pride is flourishing. Not flagging.
:49:41. > :49:43.Joining us now in the studio is Graham Bartram who
:49:44. > :49:45.is the Flag Institute's chief vexillologist - that's an expert
:49:46. > :49:50.And in our Brighton studios is Peter White, a Sussex town crier who
:49:51. > :50:06.Let me come to, FIFA 5-to celebrate so six-day? With the raising of the
:50:07. > :50:10.flight. They help to raise days running. That's my with the raising
:50:11. > :50:23.of the flag. Other than raising the flag, what
:50:24. > :50:29.else did you do? There is a charter. Sometimes people read the Sussex
:50:30. > :50:33.Charter. There is a Sussex Charter that can be read. Sometimes the
:50:34. > :50:37.person reading it decides to customising a little so that it
:50:38. > :50:42.applies to the town in which it is being read as well as the wonderful
:50:43. > :50:50.counties of east and West Sussex. Does not sound like a lot of laughs.
:50:51. > :50:57.Did you have a party? There was a party in one place and people
:50:58. > :51:04.celebrated with a cup of tea in another. What do you make of the
:51:05. > :51:11.Sussex flag to I am a traditionalist and I still prefer the old red and
:51:12. > :51:15.gold. That is just me. The new flag has got its plans. It has also hurt
:51:16. > :51:19.his detractors. People are not quite sure where it came from. It has now
:51:20. > :51:23.been approved. Those people who are a little worried about Europe also
:51:24. > :51:29.point out that it is blue and gold like the European flag. When the
:51:30. > :51:34.town council finds money for the new one, they will probably switch. I
:51:35. > :51:41.understand you prefer to flag is six? You could risk setting county
:51:42. > :51:50.against county. They have had their own flag since the 1880s. Very
:51:51. > :51:53.interesting. Graham Bartram, it is not just Sussex. A lot of English
:51:54. > :52:01.counties are no choosing their own flag. Why is that? It is all to do
:52:02. > :52:05.with having an identity. Global identity becoming more important as
:52:06. > :52:08.a counterpoint to globalisation. As we all become more of the same, it
:52:09. > :52:16.is more important to be identified as different. To connect more with
:52:17. > :52:20.our local roots. Has the -- has it got anything to do with the
:52:21. > :52:29.increasing, the most entire uses often now, where they used the
:52:30. > :52:35.Scottish sole tyre? They are linked but not caused by. They are caused
:52:36. > :52:39.by the same thing. It is a desire to have a strong identity. It is much
:52:40. > :52:45.easier to have a strong identity of something closer to you than it is
:52:46. > :52:50.to have something more amorphous, such as Europe or the world. Peter,
:52:51. > :52:56.for a long time in post-war Britain, we seem to be determined to
:52:57. > :53:01.snuff out English county identity, local government reforms got rid of
:53:02. > :53:05.all names etc. Do you think the sense of belonging to a county is
:53:06. > :53:11.coming back to people? There was this illusion in the 1960s and 1970s
:53:12. > :53:16.when Middlesex disappeared and half of Surrey disappear. There has been
:53:17. > :53:21.a swing public mood. People are becoming more enthusiastic. Cornwall
:53:22. > :53:28.and Yorkshire have always been like that. Other counties are catching
:53:29. > :53:35.up. Graham, who decides what the flag should the parties county? It
:53:36. > :53:43.varies. Sometimes the County Council decided to give the flag to the
:53:44. > :53:46.people. Northumberland is like that. Hertfordshire is like that.
:53:47. > :53:54.Sometimes it is very old historical flag. The gold markets on blue is
:53:55. > :53:58.actually the flag of Sussex from 1622. It feels like a long way. It
:53:59. > :54:09.has got nothing to do with European partners. That's my theory goes back
:54:10. > :54:17.a long way. Lots of them behind us. That is a dragon. That is Somerset.
:54:18. > :54:25.That is quite a new one. That is a dragon! They have ripped it off. The
:54:26. > :54:29.red rose of Lancashire and the white rose of Yorkshire are traditional
:54:30. > :54:36.emblems. We can show your Dorset flag, Peter. There is. What you
:54:37. > :54:47.think that is there still a bit of pride in new? Is the heart beating?
:54:48. > :54:50.I think this is tremendous. We could on to Edward Heath's does that --
:54:51. > :54:56.disastrous local government regulations. That was local
:54:57. > :55:04.government organisation. The counties still existed. Middlesex
:55:05. > :55:06.still exists. My relatives were born in Lancashire suddenly became
:55:07. > :55:15.Cheshire. I have never got over that. If you were to say your
:55:16. > :55:22.identity has to be based on collect your litter bins, how many people in
:55:23. > :55:26.Somerset police their identity is far North East Somerset? I don't
:55:27. > :55:32.think many people would be. And so far four Somerset. I live in
:55:33. > :55:40.Knightsbridge and we have a flag. It is the Russian Federation! Gave us a
:55:41. > :55:45.ring of your belt. If you are absolutely happy with that and your
:55:46. > :55:52.sound engineers are. God Save The Queen! Thank you very much for that.
:55:53. > :55:55.Who's had a good week, and who's had a shocker?
:55:56. > :56:01.Here's Adam, with the political week - in just 60 seconds.
:56:02. > :56:17.Heathrow to give his party leg above the four election results. This will
:56:18. > :56:21.be independent liberal professor from an independent Liberal party.
:56:22. > :56:24.They have all got a constitution as an independent Scotland would have
:56:25. > :56:32.won, too. That's according to Nicola Sturgeon. Three years after it was
:56:33. > :56:38.wrecked by a frying mob, the British embassy in Iran is to reopen. Who
:56:39. > :56:43.fancies being our man in Teheran? Ed Miliband set out some fairly thickly
:56:44. > :56:47.changes to the benefits system and with impeccable timing the dark Lord
:56:48. > :56:54.returned with some helpful advice. It may work. It may well be
:56:55. > :56:58.successful. Presumably the Chinese prime minister got through passport
:56:59. > :57:02.control of it but we unveiled a new Visa regime for tourists from his
:57:03. > :57:04.country. He shall find deals for nuclear power and high-speed rail.
:57:05. > :57:18.That he shall find deals. A fourth and fifth in there were
:57:19. > :57:25.little and any demonstrations. Human Rights Watch kicked into the long
:57:26. > :57:29.grass. It is changed days. It really is. I was talking to a couple of
:57:30. > :57:32.human rights lawyers and as if ever I've read. They think the way to get
:57:33. > :57:38.human rights improve his bike trade. We are in different ways. The
:57:39. > :57:43.jurisprudence of all of these contracts in London. They get the
:57:44. > :57:51.big fees? Your life that is a regrettable but necessary fact. I am
:57:52. > :57:56.sorry you missed the whole. That was the big story of the week. What do
:57:57. > :58:15.you do with a problem like Ed Miliband? We have this quiz. We have
:58:16. > :58:23.got to give the answer. With richer -- British press Vladimir Putin try
:58:24. > :58:26.to stop? That which British pressure group is Vladimir Putin meant to
:58:27. > :58:34.stop? It was the anti-fracking lobby. Why? Because fracking
:58:35. > :58:35.represents a serious threat to Mr Putin's gas prices, of which 70% of
:58:36. > :58:38.its revenues depend. Thanks to Jackie Ashley,
:58:39. > :58:42.Peter Oborne and all my guests. I'll be back on BBC One on Sunday
:58:43. > :58:45.with the Sunday Politics, when I'll be talking to
:58:46. > :58:50.Labour's Rachel Reeves.