:00:39. > :00:43.Protests from around the world at the imprisonment of three
:00:44. > :00:49.Are we about to see a rise in the cost of borrowing?
:00:50. > :00:52.The Bank of England Governor, Mark Caney, is in front of the
:00:53. > :00:56.Treasury Select Committee, outlining the Bank's plans.
:00:57. > :00:59.And with food bank use on the rise, what makes someone poor?
:01:00. > :01:02.Politicians don't just argue about solving poverty, they also
:01:03. > :01:17.And with us for the whole programme today is the writer,
:01:18. > :01:25.At 9.41am journalists from around the world,
:01:26. > :01:29.including here at the BBC, took part in a silent protest against
:01:30. > :01:31.the imprisonment in Egypt of the Al Jazeera journalists Peter Greste,
:01:32. > :01:38.A court in Cairo found the three men guilty of spreading
:01:39. > :01:43.false news, the trio denied the charges and are expected to appeal.
:01:44. > :02:03.Here are some of the scenes from this morning.
:02:04. > :02:15.Just after the minute's silence, the BBC Director of News,
:02:16. > :02:19.James Harding, spoke to journalists outside Broadcasting House.
:02:20. > :02:25.He explained why it is important for the BBC to support the Al Jazeera
:02:26. > :02:29.journalists sentenced in Egypt. While we compete every day for
:02:30. > :02:32.stories, journalistic news organisations, we have to stand
:02:33. > :02:34.together when it is a question of journalists being imprisoned for
:02:35. > :02:38.simply doing their job or for trying to report the news. Then there is a
:02:39. > :02:42.bigger issue of principle here, which is why the BBC, which
:02:43. > :02:44.obviously has a stake in freedom of expression and the freedom of
:02:45. > :02:49.journalists to do their job, must stand up when something like this
:02:50. > :02:53.happens. Jack, your response to what has happened to these three
:02:54. > :02:57.journalists being imprisoned and others convicted in absencia? I
:02:58. > :03:01.think it is a sad day for journalism all over the world. As journalists
:03:02. > :03:07.we are expected to report on events as they happen and without bias and
:03:08. > :03:11.events in a free way. I think restricting on what you report on,
:03:12. > :03:15.based on the country you are reporting from or the government you
:03:16. > :03:20.are reporting under, is a sad day for freedom of speech and for
:03:21. > :03:23.journalism everywhere. Do you think journalist also be frightened of
:03:24. > :03:27.being into countries like Egypt and reporting on what is going on,
:03:28. > :03:36.because of potential consequences? I do. I think it'll have an impact on
:03:37. > :03:42.how what journalists choose to report. We need free dom of speech
:03:43. > :03:45.to learn about what is going on over the world and things can't get
:03:46. > :03:53.hidden or tucked away by corrupt or not diplomatic governments. You saw
:03:54. > :03:56.the pictures pictures of silent protests. How much do you think that
:03:57. > :04:00.will help in terms of showing solidarity? As the guy from the BBC
:04:01. > :04:02.said - we have to stand together as journalists and say this is wrong.
:04:03. > :04:05.Yes we compete journalists and say this is wrong.
:04:06. > :04:09.Yes we for news stories every day but we have to stand together and
:04:10. > :04:13.say it is wrong. Protests on social media and protests using technology
:04:14. > :04:17.and the internet have been quite successful in the past. It is a way
:04:18. > :04:20.of all get together in one place and saying - this is wrong and we all
:04:21. > :04:24.think it is wrong. Joining me now from Doha is
:04:25. > :04:27.Sue Turton, one of the Al Jazeera journalists who was convicted in
:04:28. > :04:32.absentia of spreading false news. Thanks for coming on to the
:04:33. > :04:36.programme, Sue. Your thoughts now for your colleagues n Cairo? Well,
:04:37. > :04:41.our thoughts really are how do we get this verdict overturned? How do
:04:42. > :04:46.we try to get the pressure turned up so much on the Egyptian government
:04:47. > :04:52.that they decide this is a travesty themselves and realise that it is
:04:53. > :04:56.not doing Egypt any service keeping three bona fidy, strong, independent
:04:57. > :05:00.journalists locked up in prison. We have tried Sol many avenues in the
:05:01. > :05:04.last few months since they were incars nated and as the trial has
:05:05. > :05:08.been ongoing. I suppose, quietly, I hoped the Egyptian judicial system
:05:09. > :05:11.would recognise this was politically-motivated and that we
:05:12. > :05:16.wouldn't be found guilty. But now we are left with a scenario that all we
:05:17. > :05:19.can do is keep putting on the pressure and hope that our
:05:20. > :05:22.colleagues around the world and the leaders, indeed, around the world do
:05:23. > :05:28.the same. You mentioned the politics there. How much of this is about the
:05:29. > :05:32.politics of the Gulf, Al Jazeera's relationship with Qatar, their
:05:33. > :05:36.support of the Muslim Brotherhood and Mohamed Morsi before he was
:05:37. > :05:41.removed from power? I think all of this has fed into the situation and
:05:42. > :05:45.what can awfully be described as a perfect storm. I think there is
:05:46. > :05:50.definitely a huge media crackdown going on. There has been since the
:05:51. > :05:55.coup last summer in Egypt. I think really because Al Jazeera Arabic is
:05:56. > :05:59.the most-watched Arabic channel, it was still being broadcast in Egypt
:06:00. > :06:03.and where we have a domestic media that don't say anything that goes up
:06:04. > :06:08.against the government in Egypt, Al Jazeera was still saying it on the
:06:09. > :06:14.it much V screens, if you like. That's fed into it. -- on the TV
:06:15. > :06:16.screens. Although it is true that Qatar backed the Muslim Brotherhood
:06:17. > :06:19.and Mohamed Morsi when he was elected into power after the
:06:20. > :06:23.revolution and there is no love lost now between the Qatari government
:06:24. > :06:28.and Egyptian government. So I think we have been caught in the middle of
:06:29. > :06:31.that, for sure, but all of these, I think have added to the same thing,
:06:32. > :06:35.really, that Egypt has wanted to, one, shut up Al Jazeera. Couldn't
:06:36. > :06:38.arrest any Al Jazeera Arabic reporters because they are no longer
:06:39. > :06:42.operating there. We were the only ones still trying to do the job
:06:43. > :06:50.there. And we were still trying to do the job, fairly, Bali and with no
:06:51. > :06:54.bias with any particular group. We were caught out when they announced
:06:55. > :06:58.the Muslim Brotherhood was a terrorist organisation. They decided
:06:59. > :07:05.to go to our guys who were still in thep country. They put me on the
:07:06. > :07:13.charge sheet. I left in noe. I wasn't in the country when they were
:07:14. > :07:19.announced as a terrorist organisation. Your movements are
:07:20. > :07:25.restricted. Yes, for sure I can't go to Egypt or I would be arrested. But
:07:26. > :07:30.the African leadership has put Egypt back in. That means if I walk into
:07:31. > :07:35.an African country it is beholden on them, because I'm a convicted
:07:36. > :07:41.terrorist in Egypt's eyes, to hand me over to the Egyptian authorities
:07:42. > :07:46.that. Wipes out the African continent. I cover conflict zones
:07:47. > :07:51.for Al Jazeera. I can't go near those but there is also the Middle
:07:52. > :07:55.East. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, all backing the Egyptian
:07:56. > :08:00.government. I have been advised by lawyers - don't think of stepping
:08:01. > :08:08.foot in Dubai, it would not be worth the risk. All right. Thank you.
:08:09. > :08:13.Today it's about Ed Miliband, and he's hiring an apprentice to
:08:14. > :08:18.If any of you want the job it pays ?8.80 an hour and to apply you just
:08:19. > :08:20.need to write 250 words explaining what interests you about working
:08:21. > :08:24.But what qualifications do you need for the job?
:08:25. > :08:34.At the end of the show, Jack will give us the correct answer.
:08:35. > :08:38.Now, the Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, is in front
:08:39. > :08:41.of the Treasury Select Committee this morning to discuss the Bank's
:08:42. > :08:46.He's expected to shed more light on the timing and size
:08:47. > :08:51.Earlier this month he said a rate rise could happen "sooner
:08:52. > :09:09.The Bank of England has kept rates at a record low 0.5% since March
:09:10. > :09:11.2009, in an attempt to revive the flagging economy.
:09:12. > :09:14.But as the recovery continues - interest rates are expected to rise
:09:15. > :09:17.to more "normal" levels to stem concerns over a housing bubble
:09:18. > :09:21.Well, it could be good news for savers who rely
:09:22. > :09:26.But it's not so good for those with mortgages without a fixed rate
:09:27. > :09:30.of interest, who would see their monthly payments increase.
:09:31. > :09:33.Data from property company Savills suggests an interest rate rise
:09:34. > :09:39.of 1% would add ?1,312 a year to the average interest-only mortgage.
:09:40. > :09:43.That equates to just over ?110 a month.
:09:44. > :09:47.And if there's a 3% rise by 2018, the Resolution Foundation think-tank
:09:48. > :09:53.say 1.2 million households would struggle to afford their repayments
:09:54. > :09:59.Citizens Advice warning of a "financial ticking timebomb"
:10:00. > :10:05.But, David Miles, one member of the Bank of England's Monetary
:10:06. > :10:10.Policy Committee, which sets interest rates, said a rise would be
:10:11. > :10:18."good news" as it represented the "sustained recovery" of the economy.
:10:19. > :10:26.So, are the Bank of England right to consider raising interest rates.
:10:27. > :10:32.We'll discuss that in a moment. But first, here is Mark Carney telling
:10:33. > :10:38.MPs rates won't rise until unemployment rate has fallen further
:10:39. > :10:42.We are making sure we use up - make sure the economy absorbs wasteful
:10:43. > :10:46.spare capacity concentrated in the labour market. That is, that it is
:10:47. > :10:51.absorbed over the forecast horizon. We think - and this is the guidance
:10:52. > :10:54.we have given - that that will require the start of normalisation
:10:55. > :10:58.of interest rates. In other words, increases in interest rates. The
:10:59. > :11:02.exact timing of that will be driven by the data. But the most important
:11:03. > :11:06.aspect of the guidance that we are giving is that our view is that the
:11:07. > :11:08.increases in rates over the forecast horizon, in our best estimates, will
:11:09. > :11:11.be limited and gradual. With us now is Fraser Nelson, he's
:11:12. > :11:16.editor of the Spectator magazine, and Ann Pettifor from the New
:11:17. > :11:28.Economics Foundation think-tank. Let's start with you. Do you think
:11:29. > :11:33.there is a lot of unnecessary panic in the media about interest rate
:11:34. > :11:38.rises? Mark Carney indicated it will be gradual, he is giving plenty of
:11:39. > :11:44.warning. Has this been over-hyped? No, not at all. We are heavily
:11:45. > :11:53.indead ited as a nation. I think the media is -- indebted as a nation. I
:11:54. > :11:57.think the media is right to bring up concerns. We don't understand
:11:58. > :12:00.deflation, so little do we understand deflation that we don't
:12:01. > :12:04.have a Bank of England deflation report. And deflation, the fall in
:12:05. > :12:09.prices and wages, effectedively, increases the cost of debt without
:12:10. > :12:14.even raising ing interest rates. So the value and the cost of debt is
:12:15. > :12:19.rising anyway. If it is exacerbated by a real increase in rates, God
:12:20. > :12:22.help us all who have mortgages and who have unpayable mortgages,
:12:23. > :12:26.effectively. Fraser Nelson, there is an argument that says to continue
:12:27. > :12:30.allowing people to borrow in an extended era of relatively cheap
:12:31. > :12:35.credit, is only going to exacerbate the problem that Ann's talking
:12:36. > :12:40.about, increasing personal debt And it could blow up another bubble.
:12:41. > :12:44.Right now we are trying to still borrow our way out of a debt crisis
:12:45. > :12:50.which saying - we'll make debt cheap. Borrow lots and revive the
:12:51. > :12:54.economy that way. That works after a while but right now, as you are
:12:55. > :12:57.saying, just a small increase in interest rates would mean a lot of
:12:58. > :13:00.people could not afford to pay the mortgage on their thousands. Nobody
:13:01. > :13:04.is doubting they are going to go back to the historic norms of 5%. If
:13:05. > :13:08.we can't take that as country, we have a proper getting bigger all the
:13:09. > :13:12.time. I don't think interest rates should go up to 5% tomorrow but they
:13:13. > :13:15.should start to crawl back up, so people can look down the line and
:13:16. > :13:20.see and ask themselves the question - before I take out this big loan on
:13:21. > :13:26.the house, would I able to afford it, if the rates were 3% or 4%. The
:13:27. > :13:31.Government is encouraging people to take out loans on houses,
:13:32. > :13:35.particularly low income earners. That's what Help to Buy is about. We
:13:36. > :13:40.have the Government encouraging us to borrow and condition superand on
:13:41. > :13:44.the and on the other hand, using the only tool that's available, ie the
:13:45. > :13:47.Central Bank's interest rates to clobber that and force us back,
:13:48. > :13:52.whereas actually what we should be looking at is how to pay down this
:13:53. > :13:54.department of the best way to pay it down is through income. Increase
:13:55. > :13:58.people's incomes and they'll be able to pay down their debt. Secondly, we
:13:59. > :14:03.could restructure the debt. We could make it go longer-term and so on but
:14:04. > :14:05.we are not doing that. We are only threatening high interest rates.
:14:06. > :14:10.That's scary. How big a problem, in your mind, will it be for people who
:14:11. > :14:15.own homes, who have mortgages if those mortgages go up, even by a
:14:16. > :14:20.fraction? We have heard that up to 1.2 million people would struggle to
:14:21. > :14:25.make their mortgage repayments if the interest rates started to rie.s
:14:26. > :14:29.I'm in agreement is we need to raise income rather than keep income where
:14:30. > :14:34.it is and raise interest rates, even creeping them up, which would make
:14:35. > :14:39.mortgages unaffordable from people. I have heard from people who said if
:14:40. > :14:43.their interest rates went up 0.5%, they are in fear of losing their
:14:44. > :14:49.hopes. They are spending all income on mortgage and outgoings and there
:14:50. > :14:52.is no wriggle room for people. Isn't Help to Buy irresponsible bearing in
:14:53. > :14:56.mind what has gone before n terms of the crash and the overreliance on a
:14:57. > :15:00.housing bubble and property market to encourage people it take out
:15:01. > :15:11.loans that perhaps not now, but in five years' time they won't able to
:15:12. > :15:15.afford to play back. It is deeply irresponsible. I cannot believe
:15:16. > :15:19.George Osborne is getting away with it. He is wanting people to buy and
:15:20. > :15:24.thank the Tory government for it will stop but it does not get away
:15:25. > :15:32.from the fact rates will go back up. If we cannot afford it, we are
:15:33. > :15:38.living in a new bubble. They would have to go up, when would you do
:15:39. > :15:43.it? The Bank of England does not have control of the mortgage rate,
:15:44. > :15:50.only the base rate. The only people who borrow at 0.5% are bankers. They
:15:51. > :15:56.are doing well. They can borrow at negative interest rates right now,
:15:57. > :16:04.which is crazy. The average is 4%. If you look at deflationary, it is
:16:05. > :16:11.higher than 4%. Anything between 1.75 cent and perhaps 4%. That is a
:16:12. > :16:19.lot more than 0.5% if you have borrowed ?300,000. Do you agree that
:16:20. > :16:23.the economy is recovering, unemployment is falling, growth has
:16:24. > :16:30.returned. When is the point where you have to lift the base rate to
:16:31. > :16:34.get a sustained recovery? It might come when there is a threat of
:16:35. > :16:40.inflation, but the threat now is deflation and we do not understand
:16:41. > :16:43.it. There is a threat of an asset bubble and the only way you can
:16:44. > :16:48.combat it is to put rates up to something resembling normality.
:16:49. > :16:54.There are other ways of managing asset bubbles and they refuse to use
:16:55. > :16:59.other tools rather than interest rates. But you cannot punish the
:17:00. > :17:05.people you have encouraged to borrow crazy money by using the weapon of
:17:06. > :17:09.interest rates. My point is the Bank of England is not in control of the
:17:10. > :17:13.process. When your bank decides on the rate of interest on your
:17:14. > :17:16.mortgage, it is a process between you and the bank. They can fix
:17:17. > :17:22.almost any rate depending on the level of risk you represent. The
:17:23. > :17:28.Bank of England has no control over the spectrum of interest rates, only
:17:29. > :17:33.the base rate. It has control in setting the base rate. I take your
:17:34. > :17:38.point to a certain degree but let's look at inflation. It is not high at
:17:39. > :17:42.the moment. If you used it as the benchmark to avoid and he wanted to
:17:43. > :17:47.increase base rates for that reason, it is not there. It is at the lowest
:17:48. > :17:53.level in four years. The bubble is in London and the south-east. If you
:17:54. > :18:01.took the idea that the only way to raise them is to keep the inflation
:18:02. > :18:06.low, we could expect low inflation for some time. It is a false test of
:18:07. > :18:11.whether things are overheating. We need to look at asset prices. We are
:18:12. > :18:18.walking into a new bubble if we do not deflate it now. What about
:18:19. > :18:23.prices? Labour has talked about a cost of living squeeze. Is that how
:18:24. > :18:27.you see it in terms of rising prices for certain goods and services
:18:28. > :18:37.compared to income? There are things more expensive, such as food. Basic
:18:38. > :18:42.food. Food prices on some products fall, but on basic supermarket
:18:43. > :18:48.ranges they are rising. Things like a jar of jam that was 19p is now
:18:49. > :18:54.31p, things like that. If you applied to those levels of
:18:55. > :18:59.inflation, daiquiri cheese at ?7 would be ?14. Because it is
:19:00. > :19:05.low-level goods, people do not notice. People who are putting them
:19:06. > :19:09.in their shopping baskets notice. I do the live below the line
:19:10. > :19:15.challenge, spending ?5 in five days to raise money for Oxfam. Over the
:19:16. > :19:19.past three years, my shopping basket with a ?5 has got smaller every year
:19:20. > :19:24.until this year the challenge was almost impossible because I could
:19:25. > :19:31.not buy ?5 and decent food to last five days. When would you put up
:19:32. > :19:38.interest rates? Definitely before the end of the year, in October
:19:39. > :19:43.time. Do you think you will do it, or he is talking about it to get the
:19:44. > :19:48.market to correct and count in the rate rise and he will not do it
:19:49. > :19:53.until after the election? I think he wants to do it. He realises his
:19:54. > :19:57.reputation is on the line. George Osborne does not want a rate rise
:19:58. > :19:59.before the election. I have confidence he will blow the whistle
:20:00. > :20:02.on this. It's something that our guest
:20:03. > :20:06.of the day, Jack, knows a thing or two about having spent a
:20:07. > :20:09.number of years trying to look after But an actual definition has been
:20:10. > :20:14.the cause of heated debate over And it matters
:20:15. > :20:17.because it holds the government to account and helps them work out
:20:18. > :20:30.where to direct their efforts. Speak-macro most of us think we have
:20:31. > :20:35.an idea what poverty looks like and some of us as children might
:20:36. > :20:40.remember living in it. In the debate of food banks, one can see 70 years
:20:41. > :20:47.ago food was provided for those who could not afford it. Many are
:20:48. > :20:52.fortunate in that we will not experience poverty, but many are one
:20:53. > :20:59.pay slip away from doing so. And how do we define it? Is it needing to
:21:00. > :21:08.visit a food bank like this one in London? Being poor is most of them
:21:09. > :21:15.described on as living on 60% less of the national median income.
:21:16. > :21:21.People think of the 60% of median income, which is important, it is
:21:22. > :21:25.about whether people can participate in society and how they do relative
:21:26. > :21:29.to others. If you look at measures in the child poverty act, there is
:21:30. > :21:35.one about the absolute level of income, a baseline to meet basic
:21:36. > :21:40.needs, one is about the duration of poverty, whether it is a fleeting
:21:41. > :21:45.experience, or drawn out. The other is about material deprivation,
:21:46. > :21:50.whether they have items are others consider essential. There is a
:21:51. > :21:58.problem, which is why Iain Duncan Smith wanted the relative income
:21:59. > :22:06.measure changed. The maths will tell you there are less poor. In
:22:07. > :22:10.improving times, there is an opposite. Any change in government
:22:11. > :22:15.figures runs a risk and the Treasury were not keen on a change, or a
:22:16. > :22:20.suggestion made by the man who reported for them on poverty. We
:22:21. > :22:22.keep these figures otherwise people will say you are fiddling the books.
:22:23. > :22:25.It is in adequate. keep these figures otherwise people
:22:26. > :22:31.will say you are fiddling the What we need to run alongside is life
:22:32. > :22:36.chances. The key thing is have we got measurements which while
:22:37. > :22:40.measuring a snapshot of numbers of people below the poverty line, what
:22:41. > :22:47.is happening to the children in those families? Poverty inhibits
:22:48. > :22:50.life chances, which are tricky to quantify. The other problem is
:22:51. > :22:55.statistics cannot show the difference between those choosing
:22:56. > :22:58.between heating and eating to exist and the excluded poor, who can
:22:59. > :23:06.afford to survive, but not take part in society. We try to address
:23:07. > :23:14.material need first. But we have a view of poverty that it is
:23:15. > :23:20.relational, spiritual, also. We want people to have dignity restored.
:23:21. > :23:24.Poverty is about affording housing, heating and food, which account for
:23:25. > :23:29.a greater proportion of income. It is about working in the nature of
:23:30. > :23:30.employment. If you think measuring is complex, it is nothing compared
:23:31. > :23:34.to trying to solve it. Watching that with Jack was
:23:35. > :23:36.Mark Hoban, who's been a minister at both the Treasury and the
:23:37. > :23:46.Department of Work and Pensions. What is the best way to measure
:23:47. > :23:49.poverty? It is a challenge and it is the debate the government started a
:23:50. > :24:00.couple of years ago. The measure of relative poverty that has been in --
:24:01. > :24:04.introduced, does lead to spending decisions, but it does not help
:24:05. > :24:09.government to tackle the causes, which are around education and
:24:10. > :24:12.whether you are in work. Relative poverty, using that as the
:24:13. > :24:19.definition, it can distort the way money is spent, do you agree?
:24:20. > :24:26.Relative poverty is a good measure of inequality, but I think that
:24:27. > :24:29.using relative poverty as a definition is not absolute poverty
:24:30. > :24:35.like in the third World, which is complete deprivation. It makes it
:24:36. > :24:41.harder to pinpoint resources. There will be people who always argue
:24:42. > :24:50.there will be people who earn 60% of the median and are not really poor.
:24:51. > :24:55.We need a better definition. Iain Duncan Smith tried to change part of
:24:56. > :25:04.the definition, why did the Treasury not allow it? This is a complex
:25:05. > :25:08.issue. If you wanted to do something like looking at minimum standards of
:25:09. > :25:14.living, it is difficult to quantify. Some measures we looked at was
:25:15. > :25:20.around unemployment, education, housing, management debt. Many
:25:21. > :25:24.different dimensions. It is controversial. Everybody knows the
:25:25. > :25:28.current definition is flawed. Relative poverty fell towards the
:25:29. > :25:38.end of the recession because median income fell. Why does the government
:25:39. > :25:42.not change it? It is moving to a different basket of indicators that
:25:43. > :25:48.is challenging. You outlined what you would look at, unemployment,
:25:49. > :25:54.debt, lack of education, why can you not come up with a convincing
:25:55. > :25:59.definition? The challenge is not to get bogged down in how you measure
:26:00. > :26:03.poverty, but what you do about it, to improve life chances and give
:26:04. > :26:06.young people and education to get into work, what are you doing to
:26:07. > :26:13.help people to progress up the earnings scale? How important is the
:26:14. > :26:19.definition if you use it as a benchmark to measure the government
:26:20. > :26:22.against? It is important to use as a benchmark for measuring the
:26:23. > :26:28.government, but we can get too wrapped up in definitions and being
:26:29. > :26:31.academic about it. If you ask somebody queueing at a food bank,
:26:32. > :26:36.they will not care whether you'd call it absolute poverty, fuel
:26:37. > :26:40.poverty, they know they are queueing up to feed themselves and a child
:26:41. > :26:47.and do not want to be in that situation. How do you define someone
:26:48. > :26:50.who needs extra help? People living in insecure housing and who do not
:26:51. > :26:55.have access to basic things like food and cannot pay fuel bills and
:26:56. > :27:00.cannot look after themselves in a way that is acceptable in the UK,
:27:01. > :27:06.one of the richest countries in the world and we have 1 million food
:27:07. > :27:14.parcels handed out last year. I would call that unacceptable. It
:27:15. > :27:20.seems impossible to eradicate it, and impossible challenge the
:27:21. > :27:26.government. If you look at families included in poverty, many of are
:27:27. > :27:30.working families. 85% of families are in work. The chances of being
:27:31. > :27:34.poor are higher if you are out of work. We need to make sure when
:27:35. > :27:39.families are in work we do what we can to help them increase earnings.
:27:40. > :27:45.There is part-time work and people cannot get the hours. Most of the
:27:46. > :27:50.jobs created since 2010 have been full-time. Raising the personal
:27:51. > :27:55.allowance for income tax has taken people out of tax, which helps
:27:56. > :28:01.families. Skills and training will help people to increase earnings. We
:28:02. > :28:09.need to tackle unemployment and the lack of educational achievement.
:28:10. > :28:12.Concentrating on children in poorer families would be affected.
:28:13. > :28:16.There's just time before we go to find out the answer to our quiz.
:28:17. > :28:18.The question was what qualifications do you need to apply
:28:19. > :28:24.for a new job as an apprentice working in Ed Miliband's office.
:28:25. > :28:35.Is it a degree in politics? A Masters in image management? Or
:28:36. > :28:44.GCSEs in English and maths? I would like to say GCSEs in English and
:28:45. > :28:50.maths, but it is probably the first. The last is right, you got the right
:28:51. > :28:56.answer. English and maths. Thanks to our guests. Andrew and I will be
:28:57. > :29:02.here at 11:30am tomorrow with Prime Minister's Questions.