:00:09. > :00:15.A serious warning from the European Commission - economic growth in the
:00:15. > :00:19.eurozone is at a standstill. With growth in Germany forecast to slow
:00:19. > :00:29.down, the commission says it is time for action. The recovery in
:00:29. > :00:29.
:00:29. > :00:39.the European Union has now come to a standstill. There is a risk of I
:00:39. > :00:39.
:00:39. > :00:46.knew recession unless action is taken.... -- there is a risk of
:00:46. > :00:53.another recession. Welcome to GMT. Also in the
:00:53. > :00:56.programme: Dozens still trapped as Turkey's earthquake zone is hit by
:00:56. > :01:00.a massive aftershock. Nine people were killed.
:01:00. > :01:04.A hidden world of Afghanistan's women - we have a special report on
:01:05. > :01:14.whether life has got any better ten years on from the fall of the
:01:14. > :01:17.Taliban. In Brussels, the European Union's
:01:17. > :01:22.economy commissioner has just thrown a verbal grenade into what
:01:22. > :01:26.is already a pretty explosive economic crisis. Olli Rehn says
:01:26. > :01:32.that growth in the EU has stalled and there is a risk of another
:01:32. > :01:41.recession. The numbers support it. The latest forecasts in Germany
:01:41. > :01:45.predict growth of less than 1%. Add to that the crisis in Italy and
:01:46. > :01:48.that in Greece, and you can see where it is coming from.
:01:48. > :01:52.As the eurozone is enveloped by a storm of uncertainty, there is
:01:52. > :01:57.intense debate about the way forward. Will Italy's Prime
:01:57. > :02:03.Minister stepped down as promised? And how much longer will it take
:02:03. > :02:09.greased to form a new government? The IMF is seeking clarity.
:02:10. > :02:16.Political clarity. It is much needed in Greece, in Italy. There
:02:16. > :02:22.is clearly some rumours, expectations, trepidation. No-one
:02:22. > :02:25.really understands always going to come out as the leader and when.
:02:25. > :02:28.And I think that confusion is particularly conducive to
:02:28. > :02:34.volatility. In Greece there are more talks
:02:34. > :02:38.under way to end the power vacuum. Lucas Papademos was seen arriving
:02:38. > :02:41.this morning. He looks likely to avoid -- to replace George
:02:41. > :02:45.Papandreou was Prime Minister. But time is short.
:02:45. > :02:49.In Italy people have been left guessing what they are politicians
:02:50. > :02:55.will do to resolve the crisis. There have been efforts to calm the
:02:55. > :03:04.money markets after borrowing costs rose to levels that most of you as
:03:04. > :03:09.unsustainable. Elsewhere in Europe there is a mood of anxiety about
:03:09. > :03:12.what is happening in Italy. current state is a clear and
:03:12. > :03:16.present danger to the eurozone, and the moment of truth is fast
:03:16. > :03:20.approaching. If the leaders of the eurozone want to save their
:03:20. > :03:26.currency then they, together with the institutions of the eurozone,
:03:26. > :03:32.must act now. In Brussels the latest forecast, delivered by the
:03:32. > :03:39.European Union's monetary affairs chief, is one of gloom. This
:03:39. > :03:42.forecast is, in fact, the last wake-up call. The recovery in the
:03:43. > :03:52.European Union has now come to a standstill. There is a risk of
:03:52. > :03:56.another recession unless determined action is taken. There is fresh
:03:57. > :04:02.talk of that two-speed Europe and changes to treaties. But there are
:04:02. > :04:07.no detailed plans and the President of the European Commission says
:04:07. > :04:11.that a split of the European Union simply will not work.
:04:11. > :04:14.Our correspondent is in Athens, where Grace's president is expected
:04:14. > :04:21.to make an announcement about the government, we think, in the next
:04:21. > :04:27.few minutes or so. Mark, I wonder if there is any indication of what
:04:27. > :04:30.this indication might be? It really is just a matter of time
:04:31. > :04:36.before the signals come from the president's office. I am just being
:04:36. > :04:43.told that we are getting an announcement. An announcement has
:04:43. > :04:46.just come as we have been on air. It says that Lucas Papademos is now
:04:46. > :04:51.the new Prime Minister of Greece. That has come in the last 30
:04:51. > :05:01.seconds. He was the front runner, we thought it was all but certain,
:05:01. > :05:04.
:05:04. > :05:10.then there were several spanners in the works. He seems to have
:05:11. > :05:16.negotiated behind the scenes to stay in office for longer. He also
:05:16. > :05:22.seems to have accepted that the current finance ministers should
:05:22. > :05:26.stay in place. This country will now begin anew interim national
:05:26. > :05:31.unity government with one priority, and that is to vote through the
:05:31. > :05:41.latest bail-out package for Greece so that it can receive its next
:05:41. > :05:44.
:05:44. > :05:47.vital instalment of a bail-out loan. Without that money, bankruptcy and
:05:47. > :05:51.default could spread shock waves through the eurozone.
:05:51. > :05:58.Lucas Papademos has a technocratic background. How much confidence
:05:58. > :06:04.will there be that he can deal with all the infighting that goes on in
:06:04. > :06:07.Athens? Well, he has one distinct advantage and it is this - he will
:06:07. > :06:11.be leading a national unity government, a government that
:06:11. > :06:15.brings together the different political factions that have
:06:15. > :06:20.paralysed this country for the last few days during these coalition
:06:20. > :06:29.talks. That is a began vantage to have over George Papandreou. The
:06:29. > :06:35.other advantages that he is not George Papandreou. -- that is a big
:06:35. > :06:38.advantage. He will have the confidence of Europe's leaders.
:06:38. > :06:41.Against him is the fact that he is a banker and bankers are not
:06:41. > :06:46.exactly the most popular of professionals here at the moment.
:06:46. > :06:50.He will have a tough task. A bail- out package will require of him to
:06:51. > :06:54.push through more austerity measures. We saw how the reached
:06:54. > :06:59.boiling point here with demonstrations on the streets of
:06:59. > :07:05.Athens. We will expect more of that under his premiership. Thank you.
:07:05. > :07:15.Just a reminder that, in the last couple of minutes, we have heard
:07:15. > :07:15.
:07:15. > :07:19.that Lucas Papademos is to head a new Greek government. That has come
:07:19. > :07:25.from the president's office in Athens.
:07:25. > :07:29.I am joined by a journalist from the Economist. We are watching the
:07:29. > :07:34.news on rattling as it happens. What is your reaction to that? He
:07:34. > :07:42.is a technocrat, a former banker, now taking charge of events in
:07:42. > :07:45.Greece. I think the first in to say -- the first in to save it has
:07:45. > :07:49.taken an in orders at -- an enormous amount of time for Greece
:07:49. > :07:59.to form a unity government in this crisis, even though it seemed
:07:59. > :08:00.
:08:00. > :08:03.obvious who the replacement would be for George Papandreou. With so
:08:03. > :08:10.much pressure on Greece and an offer of new finance, they have not
:08:10. > :08:15.been able to get it together. you accept that that is true but
:08:15. > :08:19.now, going forward, they appear to have agreed to a government of
:08:19. > :08:23.national unity and, therefore, it should looked different going on.
:08:23. > :08:26.think it is a positive sign. It remains to be seen if he is able to
:08:26. > :08:29.do the difficult things that need to be done in Greece are to put the
:08:30. > :08:34.economy back on a sure footing and keep Greece in the euro. Until we
:08:34. > :08:38.see signs of that, people will continue to worry. I wish him well.
:08:39. > :08:45.We have a real indication of how high the stakes are today. Olli
:08:45. > :08:52.Rehn, the European economy commissioner, used the word
:08:53. > :08:55.recession. I am not surprised by that. The numbers could be really
:08:55. > :08:59.bad next year. Shehzad Tanweer worries. There is a short-term
:08:59. > :09:05.worry about market panic, the break-up of the euro, what happens
:09:05. > :09:09.to Italy and so on. Then a more medium term panic around the fact
:09:09. > :09:13.that, in order to keep countries like Greece in the euro, they are
:09:13. > :09:18.going to have to implement some tough austerity packages. Where is
:09:18. > :09:23.the growth going to come from if countries on the periphery of the
:09:23. > :09:28.eurozone are tighten their public finances? You mentioned Italy. We
:09:28. > :09:35.have kind of, we hope, sorted out Greece with a new government. There
:09:35. > :09:39.is still a political crisis in Italy. Greece is a relatively small
:09:39. > :09:44.problem. It accounts for about 2% of the eurozone's GDP. Italy is
:09:44. > :09:49.another thing altogether. It is a huge economy. Its sovereign debt
:09:49. > :09:53.market is the third largest in the world, after America and Japan.
:09:53. > :09:57.There is no big bank in the world that does not have major exposure
:09:57. > :10:05.to Italy. When people start to panic about Italy, as in the last
:10:05. > :10:08.few days, we are all worse off. Let us take a look at some of the
:10:08. > :10:11.other stories making headlines around the world. At least nine
:10:11. > :10:17.people have been killed and up to 100 more are believed to be trapped
:10:17. > :10:25.in rubble after an earthquake hit eastern Turkey, causing buildings
:10:25. > :10:31.to collapse. The earthquake struck the city of Van. Survivors are
:10:31. > :10:36.being found but many more are still trapped. Just over two weeks ago an
:10:36. > :10:42.earthquake hit the same region, killing more than 600 people.
:10:42. > :10:48.Joining me from Istanbul is our correspondent the stop Jonathan,
:10:48. > :10:53.what can you tell us on the latest on the rescue mission? They are
:10:53. > :10:59.still drilling holes into the hotel that collapsed. They still not know
:10:59. > :11:04.many -- how many people are inside. Some have managed to send messages
:11:04. > :11:09.out by a mobile phone. They think the current number is around 37 who
:11:09. > :11:16.were staying there. But it is a busy hotel and have a lot of people
:11:16. > :11:24.working and having meetings there when it collapsed. They have been
:11:24. > :11:27.pulling out one or two people every hour. A total of 27 people have
:11:27. > :11:32.been rescued so far, including a two Japanese workers who came to
:11:32. > :11:36.help with the earthquake last month. Tragically, one of those workers, a
:11:36. > :11:44.doctor, died from his injuries after he was rescued this morning.
:11:44. > :11:49.His colleague is safe and suffering minor injuries in hospital.
:11:49. > :11:57.Thank you very much. The Israeli Supreme Court has
:11:57. > :12:02.upheld the rape conviction of the country's former president, Moshe
:12:02. > :12:08.Katsav. He is expected to begin serving his prison sentence next
:12:08. > :12:13.week. He was found of raping an assistant while he was a cabin
:12:13. > :12:21.isn't -- a Cabinet minister. The South African National con --
:12:21. > :12:25.the South African National Congress has fired its Youth League leader,
:12:25. > :12:29.Julius Malema. A coal mine accident in south-west
:12:29. > :12:35.China has killed at least 20 workers and left more than 20
:12:35. > :12:39.others trapped. It was caused by I gas leak. Hundreds of rescuers are
:12:39. > :12:47.trying to free the trapped workers. It is the latest in a string of
:12:47. > :12:50.back should -- accidents in China's Mining Industry.
:12:50. > :12:57.In Britain, the executive chairman of News International, James
:12:57. > :13:03.Murdoch, has accused two former executives at the News of the World
:13:03. > :13:09.of misleading MPs over who knew what about for hacking at the paper.
:13:09. > :13:11.This is his second appearance at a parliamentary committee after
:13:11. > :13:17.discrepancies in the evidence he gave over the summer.
:13:17. > :13:27.Still to come: As violence continues in Syria, we hear from a
:13:27. > :13:34.
:13:34. > :13:43.resident of the embattled city of Osh. -- Homs.
:13:43. > :13:50.We have just heard about the new Prime Minister being announced in
:13:50. > :13:57.Greece. Turning to Italy, the Italians have a bond auction today,
:13:57. > :14:05.haven't they? What will that tell us? The crunch to it was what kind
:14:05. > :14:10.of interest rates the Italian government have to pay. On one year
:14:10. > :14:14.bonds be paid over 6%. Last month they paid 3.5% interest rate on
:14:14. > :14:19.that. That gives you a flavour. This is because investors are
:14:19. > :14:24.losing confidence in Italy's ability to attack it -- tackle its
:14:24. > :14:28.debt. One former bond trader told me that things are going to get
:14:28. > :14:38.even tougher, particularly on ten- year bonds. At the level we're
:14:38. > :14:38.
:14:38. > :14:43.talking about, it is seven to 8%. The cost is two euros for every 5
:14:43. > :14:47.euros of revenue that you receive. You are paying 40% adjusted your
:14:47. > :14:52.borrowing cost of all your income. The worst part is, if we are
:14:52. > :14:56.looking at Italian growth of 0.5% in the next year or so, the
:14:56. > :14:59.question is: Where is the money going to come from? That is the
:14:59. > :15:02.issue. A lot of people are speculating that the European
:15:03. > :15:06.Central Bank will have to do more. It has been buying bonds but many
:15:06. > :15:12.people say that is not enough. The Germans do not want that because
:15:12. > :15:16.they say it will increase inflation. Part of the way out of the crisis
:15:16. > :15:22.is what these countries can do to get their books in order -
:15:22. > :15:26.austerity packages. Portugal has a vote on its austerity package.
:15:26. > :15:30.is right. The parliament is debating it for next year. Portugal
:15:30. > :15:34.has already had a bail-out, but really the measures that people are
:15:34. > :15:44.having to stomach are very difficult and our correspondent
:15:44. > :15:44.
:15:45. > :15:49.The cuts are very deep. For example, the most controversial measure has
:15:49. > :15:53.been the removal of holiday and Christmas pay for most public
:15:53. > :15:58.sector employees and for many state pensioners. That is a one-seventh
:15:58. > :16:03.cut in annual income. That was deeper than some had expected. Many
:16:03. > :16:07.tax rises. Other spending cuts which will affect pretty much
:16:07. > :16:10.everyone here. That is an example of how bad things have got for some
:16:10. > :16:15.of how bad things have got for some people in Portugal. I want to show
:16:15. > :16:21.you the market reaction, not only to the European zone difficulties,
:16:21. > :16:28.but other issues out there in the markets. You can see the FTSE is up
:16:28. > :16:38.by 30 points. Asian markets, a good deal weaker. That is before the
:16:38. > :16:47.
:16:47. > :16:52.D this is GMT from BBC world news. The headlines: Lucas Papademos is
:16:52. > :16:59.named as Greece's new Prime Minister. He will head a coalition
:16:59. > :17:02.Government until early elections in February. A dire warn from the
:17:02. > :17:06.European Commission - economic growth in the eurozone is at a
:17:07. > :17:14.standstill and urgent action is needed.
:17:14. > :17:19.South Korea is holding its National College entrance exam this Friday.
:17:19. > :17:25.The pressure for academic success is fierce. Many young Koreans find
:17:25. > :17:30.when they graduate there are not enough jobs to go around. They are
:17:30. > :17:35.now urging them to opt for vocational training instead. There
:17:35. > :17:39.are not many excuses for arriving late to Korea's National College
:17:39. > :17:43.entrance exam. This is the one day of the year when the Government
:17:43. > :17:47.changes flight schedules and even holds up the morning rush hour to
:17:47. > :17:51.give students the best possible chance. University is seen as
:17:51. > :18:01.crucial here. 80% of school leavers now go on to higher education.
:18:01. > :18:02.
:18:02. > :18:06.That's causing a problem. This boy is taking a different
:18:06. > :18:10.route. At 17 he has decided he wants to be a chef. Rather than
:18:10. > :18:14.cramming for the university entrance exam, he is learning
:18:14. > :18:19.practical skills at a vocational high school. Today's lesson, read
:18:19. > :18:26.bean noodles. My mum and my dad, they didn't want
:18:26. > :18:33.me to go to this school. In our culture, in Korea, man was not
:18:33. > :18:38.supposed to cook in the kitchen. I really want it. People around me,
:18:38. > :18:42.they told me, you shouldn't do that, you know. That's one of the reasons
:18:42. > :18:52.why I choose culinary because I didn't want to be like normal
:18:52. > :18:54.
:18:54. > :18:59.students. The Government wants more students to think like Woonmo.
:18:59. > :19:04.The dilemma for South Korea is with 80% of its students going to
:19:04. > :19:09.university there are not enough top jobs to go around. Many of the gad
:19:09. > :19:13.watts end up unemployed -- graduates end up unemployed. The
:19:13. > :19:17.President has been promoting a new scheme to give those with work
:19:17. > :19:23.experience the same benefits and status as those with degrees.
:19:23. > :19:29.This is what he's up against - parents who will do almost anything
:19:29. > :19:36.to get their child into university. At Seoul's main Buddhist temple the
:19:36. > :19:39.price of your off spring's success is 100 bows a day, every day since
:19:39. > :19:43.July. TRANSLATION: I am here for my granddaughter. The Government is
:19:43. > :19:50.wrong to discourage people from learning. I would have liked to
:19:50. > :19:56.have gone to university myself. It was not possible in my day. Ju-sung
:19:56. > :20:01.Eun is old enough to remember the days before democracy. For her and
:20:01. > :20:07.many others here, fear for ending up on the wrong side of a two-tier
:20:07. > :20:12.system still runs deep. The Arab League is preparing for a meeting
:20:12. > :20:17.on Saturday when they will consider what they say is Syria's failure to
:20:17. > :20:23.implement a peace plan agreed last week. They are split over the key
:20:23. > :20:27.issues. On Wednesday, opposition leaders who favour dialogue were
:20:27. > :20:32.pelted with eggs as they tried to hold talks with the Arab League at
:20:32. > :20:36.its headquarters in Cairo. They had to turn back. The Syrian National
:20:36. > :20:40.Council, mainly led by opposition leaders outside the country wants
:20:40. > :20:45.no dialogue, just regime change. Well, the Syrian uprising was
:20:45. > :20:50.inspired by the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia. Protests began
:20:50. > :20:54.in March, with raltlys calling for freedom in Deraa. -- rallies
:20:54. > :20:59.calling for freedom in Deraa. Several people were killed when
:20:59. > :21:05.forces opened fire. The protests and violence spread to many towns
:21:05. > :21:10.and cities. The central city of Homs emerged as what activists call
:21:10. > :21:17."the capital of the revolution." The UN says there have now been at
:21:17. > :21:21.least 3,500 hundreds in the country. Here in the studio I am joined by
:21:21. > :21:25.Helen Abdul Dayem, a former resident of Homs, who lived there
:21:25. > :21:29.until her family was caught up in the revolution. I say caught up in
:21:29. > :21:34.the revolution. In fact it was your son who was shot. Yes, he was shot.
:21:34. > :21:41.Actually, as a family, in general, we were very active in the
:21:41. > :21:44.revolution. My son went out on the first demonstration. Specifically
:21:44. > :21:49.after children were tortured. There was a demonstration that came out
:21:49. > :21:56.on the road to Hama. We considered these boys very brave to even dare
:21:56. > :22:01.to do that. It's very iron-fisted regime in Syria and you dare not.
:22:01. > :22:05.should say your son is back here in Britain and he's fine. He's fine.
:22:05. > :22:09.Presumably you're still in touch with people in Homs, are you?
:22:09. > :22:17.What are you hearing? Absolutely unbelievable stories. Empty houses
:22:17. > :22:22.are now being taken over. Smashed. Troops are moving into empty houses
:22:22. > :22:26.now. Snipers on the roof top. I have friends who are trying to get
:22:26. > :22:31.out now, a particular friend of mine actually has tickets to leave
:22:31. > :22:36.the country and cannot even get out of the area where we lived in,
:22:36. > :22:41.because it's very close to where the snipers are on the roof. She
:22:41. > :22:45.cannot even leave her house. there any sign, do you think, that
:22:45. > :22:50.these - I have just talked about the Arab League in discussions - is
:22:50. > :22:55.there any sign this is a regime willing to listen to anybody? Is it
:22:55. > :22:58.in the end going to have to be the phase many people are using -
:22:58. > :23:02.revolution? "I Think it is a revolution. It has been a
:23:02. > :23:08.revolution for a long time. would call it a revolution? I would
:23:08. > :23:13.from a long time ago. These are the bravest people I have ever seen,
:23:13. > :23:20.daring to go p against this regime, who are ruthless, heartless,
:23:20. > :23:26.vicious, torturing children. Raping women. It just doesn't stop. They
:23:26. > :23:32.will fall. I believe we've got, from Homs, a physician, a dock who
:23:32. > :23:36.has been witnessing the unrest. For -- a doctor who has been witnessing
:23:36. > :23:41.the unrest. For his safety we will just call him Dr Abdullah. What can
:23:41. > :23:48.you tell from the patients you see and the kind of injuries you are
:23:48. > :23:54.dealing with? So, can I start from what happened today? Today, more
:23:54. > :23:58.than 50 tanks are surrounding the hospital right now. They are
:23:58. > :24:08.preventing all the medical supplies to come into the hospital. We just
:24:08. > :24:09.
:24:09. > :24:15.got a phone call from there that someone dying from his collar. He
:24:15. > :24:19.died because they would not let blood get into the hospital. I am
:24:19. > :24:22.so sorry, but we have to leave it now Dr Abdullah and of course here
:24:22. > :24:28.in the studio, Helen Abdul Dayem. Thank you too for your time. Thank
:24:28. > :24:32.you very much. Now, the European Union has blocked
:24:32. > :24:37.the release of a documentary on Afghan women in jail for what are
:24:37. > :24:41.called moral crimes. The EU said it decided to withdraw the film, which
:24:41. > :24:48.it commissioned because of very real concerns for the women who are
:24:48. > :24:52.portrayed in the film. Human rights workers say it is important to lift
:24:52. > :25:02.the lid on Afghan judicial practises.
:25:02. > :25:04.
:25:04. > :25:09.A glimpse inside a hidden world. Badam Bagh, a women's prison. Many
:25:09. > :25:14.have been jailed for so-called moral crimes, like running away
:25:14. > :25:19.from forced marriages or violent husbands.
:25:19. > :25:29.This woman is here because she was raped. When she reported the attack
:25:29. > :25:42.
:25:42. > :25:47.She remains a prisoner behind these walls. She dared to tell her story
:25:47. > :25:52.in a documentary. The European Union has decided not to release it.
:25:52. > :25:57.They say it fears for the safety of those who were filmed. Human rights
:25:57. > :26:01.workers say many of the woman in jails like this are guilty of
:26:01. > :26:05.nothing. They were victims of violence, abused first by their
:26:05. > :26:11.husbands or relatives and then by the judicial system itself.
:26:11. > :26:15.Some are now serving long sentences, thanks to corrupt judges and police.
:26:15. > :26:21.Human rights workers want their stories to be told.
:26:21. > :26:24.I think it's very important that people understand that there are
:26:24. > :26:28.these extraordinary horrific stories happening now, ten years
:26:28. > :26:37.after the Taliban Government, ten years after what was supposed to be
:26:38. > :26:41.a new dawn for Afghan women. many, that new dawn has not come.