:00:10. > :00:20.Europe's leaders' line-up to criticised Britain's David
:00:20. > :00:24.Cameron's veto at last week's summit. His own charter Hu his
:00:24. > :00:29.British bulldog spirit, but in Europe Mr Cameron is accused of
:00:29. > :00:33.poor diplomacy. In politics there is one golden rule - you only walk
:00:33. > :00:43.away if you are sure that the others will come after you to win
:00:43. > :00:50.
:00:50. > :00:57.Hello and welcome to GMT. I'm George Alagiah. Also in the
:00:57. > :01:02.programme: The Syrian crackdown amounts to crimes against humanity.
:01:02. > :01:07.A senior UN official calls for Security Council action.
:01:07. > :01:11.Freedom for a nation but where is the freedom for women? The Libyan
:01:11. > :01:15.fight for equality. If his early washing -- early
:01:15. > :01:20.morning in Washington, may be in Britain and one in the afternoon in
:01:20. > :01:24.Strasbourg, home to the European Union Parliament. That is where
:01:24. > :01:28.Europe's leaders have been venting their frustration over Britain's
:01:28. > :01:33.veto at last week's summer. One senior MEP said that David Cameron
:01:33. > :01:38.had made the cardinal diplomatic error of taking a stand without
:01:38. > :01:42.knowing if anyone would follow him. Emily Buchanan has the details.
:01:42. > :01:46.Britain's coalition government under strain as never before. The
:01:46. > :01:50.Liberal Democrat leader, Nick Clegg, has attacked the Prime Minister's
:01:50. > :01:53.veto of the new European treaty bus-stop the question hanging over
:01:53. > :02:01.Tuesday's Cabinet meeting is whether he has opened a warned that
:02:01. > :02:04.can be healed. Eurosceptics are celebrating. -- open a warned. The
:02:04. > :02:09.leader of the UK Independence Party said that Britain should end years
:02:09. > :02:12.of bowing to Europe as it already has little influence at the top
:02:13. > :02:19.table. When a British Prime Minister goes to a summit with a
:02:19. > :02:22.very modest proposal to protect I uniquely British Industry,
:02:22. > :02:27.President Sarkozy tells him where to go, with German approval, of
:02:27. > :02:31.course, and we find ourselves without a friend in the room.
:02:31. > :02:34.A but Guy Verhofstadt, leader of the Liberal group, condemned the
:02:34. > :02:43.British decision. David Cameron will also come to the conclusion
:02:43. > :02:47.that he made a blunder. If he really wanted, Cameron, to obtain
:02:47. > :02:52.additional guarantees for the City, he needs to be at the negotiation
:02:52. > :02:55.table. The leader of the Conservatives and reformists group
:02:55. > :03:00.backed the British Prime Minister, saying he was simply defending his
:03:00. > :03:07.country. What Mr Cameron did was just a defence of his country's
:03:07. > :03:11.national interest, in the same way... In the same way like Mr
:03:11. > :03:15.Sarkozy and Angela Merkel bid. They pretend that they were speaking on
:03:15. > :03:21.behalf of Europe, but they were speaking on behalf of themselves or
:03:21. > :03:27.only. This was one man who was actually present at the historic
:03:27. > :03:32.all-night negotiations last Friday. Jose Manuel Barroso argued that UK
:03:32. > :03:37.demands made compromise impossible. The United Kingdom, in exchange for
:03:37. > :03:41.giving its agreement, asked for a specific protocol on financial
:03:41. > :03:45.services which, as presented, was addressed to the integrity of the
:03:45. > :03:50.internal market. While debate focuses on the future structure of
:03:51. > :03:57.Europe, all parties agree that the Continent's deep economic crisis is
:03:57. > :04:02.far from solved. Let's get more from our Europe
:04:02. > :04:05.correspondent, Chris Morris. Emily Buchanan was being careful to
:04:05. > :04:14.balance the views on David Cameron's action last week, but
:04:14. > :04:19.where would you say the weight of opinion lies on this? I think the
:04:19. > :04:23.weight of opinion blames Britain across Europe for preventing a
:04:23. > :04:27.treaty change involving all 27 EU member states, which would have
:04:27. > :04:31.been I think the most satisfactory outcome for everyone, including
:04:31. > :04:36.David Cameron, but obviously he did not get the safeguards he was
:04:36. > :04:40.looking for and he deemed it impossible. There is a broad
:04:41. > :04:44.feeling that this is a moment of crisis for Europe because of the
:04:44. > :04:48.sovereign debt crisis and they were hoping for more solidarity from the
:04:48. > :04:56.United Kingdom. I think they underestimated the strength of
:04:56. > :05:00.political feeling on the Prime Minister's backbenches and the
:05:00. > :05:05.underestimated his determination to back the city. We have heard from
:05:05. > :05:09.most leaders that the damage is not going to be damage which cannot be
:05:09. > :05:14.recovered. Jose Manuel Barroso said today that the situation was
:05:14. > :05:17.certainly unfortunate but he took heart from the fact that, in the
:05:17. > :05:21.British parliament yesterday, the British Prime Minister said he was
:05:21. > :05:26.still determined to engage with the EU on a whole range of issues.
:05:26. > :05:32.will leave it there. Thank you. In -- it might only have been the
:05:32. > :05:37.UK that said no to a new treaty, but it took an all-night marathon
:05:37. > :05:43.mode -- negotiating session to get the others to agree to more
:05:43. > :05:49.centralised fiscal unification. Hungry and Sweden said they would
:05:49. > :05:54.need to consult their parliaments, while other countries agreed they
:05:54. > :06:01.wanted to join. How does a country like Paul and, outside the eurozone,
:06:01. > :06:06.feel about this treaty? We are joined by Marek Magierowski, a
:06:06. > :06:12.columnist for a Polish daily newspaper. Thank you for being with
:06:12. > :06:17.us. Poland is like Britain - it is outside the eurozone - and yet it
:06:17. > :06:21.has signed. Just explain that difference to us. The Polish
:06:21. > :06:27.government decided at the beginning that it would jump in, in spite of
:06:27. > :06:31.the fact that we do not yet know what the details are. I think there
:06:31. > :06:39.is an interesting and inspiring debate in Europe right now or about
:06:39. > :06:49.the preponderance of federalism overstates of and trade -- over
:06:49. > :06:58.state sovereignty. Nowadays sovereignty is being redefined and
:06:58. > :07:04.we have to ask ourselves the question. To what extent do we want
:07:04. > :07:09.to redefine our notion of sovereignty? Are we ready to fund
:07:09. > :07:18.the United States of Europe? To what extent are we ready to shed
:07:18. > :07:22.our sovereignty in order to create a new political entity? This is a
:07:22. > :07:26.really potent question for a country like Poland. It spent all
:07:26. > :07:33.that time trying to shake off dominance by one superpower, the
:07:33. > :07:38.Soviet Union. We all remember Solidarity and so on. Now here is a
:07:38. > :07:42.government that seems quite happy to have its budget scrutinised by
:07:42. > :07:52.technocrats in Brussels, people who are effectively not elected. It is
:07:52. > :07:53.
:07:53. > :07:57.being hotly debated in Poland right now. I do not agree with those
:07:57. > :08:07.people who say that we are selling Poland for a pittance to the EU.
:08:07. > :08:15.That is unfair. On the other hand, I understand those people who feel
:08:15. > :08:24.that Paul and being free and independent since 1989, 22 years,
:08:24. > :08:28.and it is a little premature up, maybe, to discuss this kind of
:08:28. > :08:33.redefinition of sovereignty. have to leave it there. Marek
:08:33. > :08:37.Magierowski, thank you very much for your time.
:08:37. > :08:40.Let us take a look at some of the other stories making the headlines.
:08:40. > :08:45.Clashes between Syrian security forces and soldiers who have
:08:45. > :08:50.defected to the opposition are said to be intensifying in the north of
:08:50. > :08:54.the country. Syrian activists have told the BBC that defectors have
:08:54. > :08:58.called seven soldiers in one province in an apparent revenge
:08:58. > :09:07.attack after 11 civilians were killed by government forces earlier
:09:07. > :09:11.today. At the UN, the Security Council has heard that more than
:09:11. > :09:18.5,000 people have been killed since March. Navi Pillay said that Syria
:09:18. > :09:23.should be referred to the International Criminal Court.
:09:23. > :09:28.Our correspondent joins me from Istanbul. Let us look at that
:09:28. > :09:33.report from Navi Pillay at the UN. Is it possible to say with any real
:09:33. > :09:40.accuracy exactly how many people have been killed? It is said that
:09:40. > :09:44.the figure is now 5,000. A lot of people on the ground or on the side
:09:44. > :09:49.of the opposition but they do try to ascertain names, places and
:09:49. > :09:53.circumstances where people have died, it is not a random process.
:09:53. > :09:57.Navi Pillay appeared to ten days, giving an estimate of around 4,000
:09:57. > :10:01.dead but saying that she believed the figure was probably
:10:01. > :10:05.significantly higher. It was no surprise to hear her say that she
:10:05. > :10:12.thinks the figure has gone up. The violence is very intense now. We
:10:12. > :10:17.have had new figures produced by local activists. One group on whom
:10:17. > :10:23.we rely say they have a record of 452 people being killed in the last
:10:23. > :10:29.two weeks of November. These are reasonable figures, and the Syrian
:10:29. > :10:31.government can complain all it likes. Yes, people at the UN Human
:10:31. > :10:35.Rights Commission are reliant on opposition sources to a large
:10:35. > :10:41.extent, but there is a lot of detail and Documentation that goes
:10:41. > :10:47.in to back these reports. It seems that the government has almost gone
:10:47. > :10:56.beyond caring. We heard last week in an interview that the President
:10:56. > :11:00.gave that it was a game. I think if there UN membership was seriously
:11:00. > :11:08.in question they would care. The Security Council is the one organ
:11:09. > :11:12.that has the potential to act in a decisive way. The fact that Navi
:11:12. > :11:19.Pillay was allowed to address the UN Security Council and that her
:11:19. > :11:24.testimony clearly swayed a lot of the diplomats there, even the
:11:24. > :11:30.Russians, who are firmly against the idea. When it comes to the
:11:30. > :11:35.reaction to the human rights abuses that would detail, -- that were
:11:35. > :11:43.detailed, they are in accord with the other members. The question is
:11:44. > :11:47.whether an intervention would be effective. Big bodies that are
:11:47. > :11:52.involved, like the Arab League, are not united on how they should treat
:11:52. > :11:54.Syria. That is why President Assad is continuing on his course. I do
:11:55. > :12:02.not think there is any doubt that he is worried. The one thing he
:12:02. > :12:09.will have to watch for is the slope humbling of his economy. -- the
:12:09. > :12:13.slow crumbling. Pakistani police say they have
:12:13. > :12:18.rescued some 50 students found in chains in the basement of an
:12:18. > :12:23.Islamic school in the southern port school of Karachi. Two clerics have
:12:23. > :12:26.been arrested but their head of the Institution managed to escape.
:12:26. > :12:31.Police have launched a full-scale investigation which will also look
:12:31. > :12:36.at potential links with militants. At least 15 children have died in a
:12:36. > :12:41.bus crash in the eastern China on Monday. The bus fell into a ditch.
:12:41. > :12:47.This is the latest in a series of such disasters on the country's
:12:47. > :12:54.roads and have board -- happen the day after the Government issued
:12:54. > :13:00.strict new guidelines regarding safety on school buses.
:13:00. > :13:06.Burma's government has legalised Aung San Sue Kyi's party. This
:13:06. > :13:11.paves the way for Aung San Sue Kyi to stand in a parliamentary by-
:13:11. > :13:15.election next year. Some news just breaking in the last
:13:16. > :13:25.few minutes or so - news agencies in Belgium are reporting that a man
:13:26. > :13:31.
:13:31. > :13:36.has thrown explosives in the city centre of Liege.
:13:36. > :13:39.What details they have? A very few bits of information to
:13:39. > :13:49.pass on. We understand that the attack has happened in the last
:13:49. > :13:50.
:13:50. > :13:54.couple of hours. This city is about 70 miles to the east of Brussels.
:13:54. > :14:01.Witnesses, according to local news agencies, say that a man perhaps in
:14:02. > :14:05.his 40s seems to have thrown four explosive devices at a bus in the
:14:05. > :14:10.city centre, possibly killing himself and one other and
:14:10. > :14:16.potentially enduring 10 other people. Large areas of the city
:14:16. > :14:19.remained cordoned off. We will leave it there. Thank you
:14:19. > :14:24.very much. We will bring you more on that if
:14:24. > :14:34.and when we get it. Still to come: Matching skills to
:14:34. > :14:48.
:14:48. > :14:57.jobs - how one country seems to be Let us concentrate on one company
:14:57. > :15:02.now. Olympus. Their chief Executive was described as of whistleblower.
:15:02. > :15:08.It is a fascinating story. Michael Woodford is the British chap who
:15:08. > :15:12.was ousted as chief Executive of so back in October because he blew the
:15:12. > :15:16.whistle on an accounting scam at the company. He is now back in
:15:16. > :15:21.Tokyo today. He is trying to persuade investors to get his old
:15:21. > :15:27.job back and get rid of the very bored that got rid of him and which
:15:27. > :15:31.have been described as very closed and secretive. It is a crucial time
:15:31. > :15:36.for the company which risks being removed from the Tokyo Stock
:15:36. > :15:41.Exchange. I asked the Japanese expert earlier why they hired an
:15:41. > :15:45.outsider in the first place. Recently it has been Poplar to hire
:15:46. > :15:54.these foreign chief Executive officers because they can go for it
:15:54. > :16:01.restructuring which the Japanese bosses cannot do. Japan is a system
:16:01. > :16:07.of consensus management, managers who have worked in the company all
:16:07. > :16:17.their lives. In our auditing, it does not work. External
:16:17. > :16:19.
:16:19. > :16:24.directorship does not work. Over in America, the Fed is about to make
:16:24. > :16:29.some announcements. There have in their last meeting for the year. No
:16:29. > :16:35.one is expecting any change to the near zero interest rate. They make
:16:35. > :16:42.use other tools to boost the economy, including the setting of a
:16:42. > :16:46.formal inflation target. They do not do that in America. But the
:16:46. > :16:51.American economy is showing some moderate signs of growth. All eyes
:16:51. > :16:57.and ears will be on the statement that follows that announcement.
:16:57. > :17:02.They probably will still keep the downside risk in their statement.
:17:02. > :17:07.Largely because of the euro-zone debt crisis which I think will keep
:17:07. > :17:13.them on their toes. We cannot escape the euro-zone debt crisis.
:17:13. > :17:16.Let's take a look at the market. A shove down on the back of that. And
:17:16. > :17:22.the European Markets are up slightly but the euro-zone is the
:17:22. > :17:28.focus. What they want is action by the European Central Bank but we
:17:28. > :17:31.have not yet heard a peep on that. And don't forget, for more on the
:17:31. > :17:36.reaction to UK's decision to veto treaty changes, you can head to our
:17:36. > :17:42.website. There you'll find further analysis on the mood at the
:17:42. > :17:52.European Parliament from BBC's Imogen Foulkes in Strasbourg. This
:17:52. > :17:54.
:17:54. > :17:59.is GMT from BBC World News. I'm George Alagiah. The headlines.
:17:59. > :18:03.European politicians have criticised Britain for showing a
:18:03. > :18:07.lack of solidarity during the European financial crisis. The
:18:07. > :18:11.United Nations Human Rights chief says Styria it should be referred
:18:11. > :18:14.to the International Criminal Court for its reaction to anti-government
:18:14. > :18:16.protests. It's nearly two months since
:18:16. > :18:20.Colonel Gadaffi was captured and killed, and the interim government
:18:20. > :18:22.in Libya finally declared the revolt over. As the country returns
:18:22. > :18:27.to something like normality, the women of Libya are demanding a much
:18:27. > :18:28.bigger stake in the traditionally male dominated society.
:18:29. > :18:38.Our world affairs correspondent Caroline Hawley reports from
:18:39. > :18:40.
:18:40. > :18:47.Tripoli. This woman is a consultant
:18:47. > :18:52.paediatrician. She also helps smuggle drugs to treat the wounded
:18:52. > :18:56.during the war. Now she wants to battle for a better role for women
:18:57. > :19:05.in the new Libya. Maybe we will kick the men from power a little
:19:05. > :19:11.bit. If I have a dream to be a politician, I will make it come
:19:11. > :19:16.true. And to think that really is possible now? There are good
:19:16. > :19:20.chances, yes. Women are certainly finding their
:19:21. > :19:25.voice. This was a demonstration outside the office of the Prime
:19:25. > :19:30.Minister. They are refusing to leave until they see him. The
:19:30. > :19:34.Wadmore to be done for the women raped during the war. In his
:19:34. > :19:39.conservative society, rape is seen as the ultimate shame. These women
:19:39. > :19:44.want the silence broken and tougher penalties for rapists. And that is
:19:44. > :19:49.just one of their demands. Women's groups are pressing for a 40% quota
:19:49. > :19:54.for the committee that will be set up after elections next year to
:19:54. > :20:00.write a new constitution. They head two added 26 ministries. They say
:20:00. > :20:04.it is a start, but not enough. It is still the men who make the
:20:04. > :20:10.political decisions here. It is not just entrenched attitudes that
:20:10. > :20:14.women are up against. Everyone now is trying to sell their point of
:20:14. > :20:21.view and that means religious hardliners as well as supporters of
:20:21. > :20:25.women's rights. This woman says she feels like a bird who has been let
:20:25. > :20:30.out of a cage. With the Gadaffi regime gone she can finally express
:20:30. > :20:37.herself. This is the time that women's rights activists say they
:20:37. > :20:43.can write their own future. TRANSLATION: you'll see next year,
:20:43. > :20:49.God willing, the future will be bright for Libyan women.
:20:49. > :20:54.The rebirth of Libya after 40 years of Gadaffi's rule has brought a
:20:54. > :21:04.sense of great opportunity here. But what will the future deliver
:21:04. > :21:04.
:21:04. > :21:06.for a new generation of girls? Well, the Eurozone isn't just
:21:07. > :21:09.politics. Most worrying is the impact the financial crisis is
:21:09. > :21:12.having on young people who have never worked after leaving fulltime
:21:12. > :21:15.education. And all this week we're focussing on what's called the lost
:21:15. > :21:19.generation. Today we look at matching skills and jobs. It's a
:21:19. > :21:23.feat that many countries fail to pull off. But there is one European
:21:23. > :21:30.country which has succeeded. Our European Business correspondent
:21:30. > :21:37.Nigel Cassidy reports from the south of Germany.
:21:37. > :21:41.Learning on the job from a master craftsmen. This 19 year-old
:21:41. > :21:48.apprentice is enjoying his three- year apprenticeship at the Mercedes
:21:48. > :21:50.Benz factory just outside Stuttgart in the southern Germany. In my
:21:50. > :21:58.apprenticeship I'm getting a grounding in every single element
:21:58. > :22:03.of the car including the most innovative techniques. Opening up a
:22:03. > :22:08.lot of job opportunities for the future. Every year at this company
:22:08. > :22:13.takes on around 2000 apprentices, one in five of them women. And nine
:22:13. > :22:18.out of 10 will get permanent jobs. It is the system and a commitment
:22:18. > :22:22.has continued despite the economic slowdown in Europe. It renders it -
:22:22. > :22:27.- apprenticeship schemes do seem to work best where there are
:22:27. > :22:33.successful industries that can plan for the long term. We have this
:22:33. > :22:39.tradition in Germany of being loyal to the company. It is this
:22:39. > :22:45.technology focus which we have in Germany and for that you need a
:22:45. > :22:49.very skilled workforce. So it is a system which is supported by the
:22:49. > :22:55.politicians and society and is supported and needed by the
:22:55. > :22:59.companies. The German economy is export oriented and one of its
:22:59. > :23:04.strength is high quality products and technology. You need a lot of
:23:04. > :23:09.medium and high qualified Labour for this. And this apprenticeship
:23:09. > :23:17.system in Germany guarantees that you have enough high and medium
:23:17. > :23:22.qualified labourers to do these. Germany's apprenticeship schemes
:23:22. > :23:27.have their roots in medieval guilds and serve the country well. But
:23:28. > :23:31.elsewhere, there would not work so well as no one would employ young
:23:31. > :23:33.people in the end. Well for more on this, we can talk to Ian
:23:33. > :23:36.Livingstone, a big name in the games and software industry. And
:23:36. > :23:38.co-author of the review "Next Gen - Transforming the UK into the
:23:38. > :23:47.world's leading talent hub for the video games and visual effects
:23:47. > :23:53.industries" published earlier this year. That report we heard about
:23:53. > :23:59.Germany, in some ways is looking backwards to a manufacturing sector.
:23:59. > :24:04.But you're thinking there is room for growth in other areas? I think
:24:04. > :24:09.manufacturing in the UK is not as good as it used to be. If the
:24:09. > :24:13.government wants to build industries for the digital economy
:24:13. > :24:21.you have to have young people in particular with the right skills
:24:21. > :24:25.for that. So the number one recommendation would be to modify
:24:25. > :24:35.the national curriculum to give schools and students additional
:24:35. > :24:37.
:24:37. > :24:40.building blocks. We need school children who are correctly equipped
:24:40. > :24:46.because currently information technology as it is taught is all
:24:46. > :24:52.about office skills. There's a difference between reading and
:24:52. > :24:56.writing in computer science. concentrated on the UK but
:24:56. > :24:59.presumably this is a challenge across the world. Which other
:24:59. > :25:05.countries getting it right as far as the digital economy is
:25:05. > :25:13.concerned? Well of course you have China, turning out software
:25:13. > :25:18.engineers. Is there any point in anyone else trying? Of course. In
:25:18. > :25:23.my opinion the UK is the most creative nation in the world if you
:25:23. > :25:28.look out of fashion, music and of course games. We have to play to
:25:28. > :25:36.our strengths to reach global audiences through high-speed
:25:36. > :25:46.broadband. Games is just one example of that. We are so good at
:25:46. > :25:47.
:25:47. > :25:53.that. We will leave it there, and you very much. -- thank you.
:25:53. > :26:03.An update on breaking news from Belgium. Reports say that a man has
:26:03. > :26:12.detonated explosives in the City of Liege. He wounded 10 people and
:26:12. > :26:21.killed himself. It began when a man threw a grenade into the courthouse.
:26:21. > :26:27.A further device is said to have been thrown. A second fatality is
:26:27. > :26:37.also reported. Obviously that news still just coming in to BBC
:26:37. > :26:38.
:26:38. > :26:42.newsrooms. More on that through the next couple of hours, as we get it.
:26:42. > :26:47.Here on this programme we have been looking at the euro-zone crisis.