:00:10. > :00:15.No stone left unturned - David Cameron announces two inquiries
:00:15. > :00:20.into the phone hacking a scandal as the political pressure mounts. The
:00:20. > :00:26.press, the police and politicians all face months of scrutiny. Is
:00:26. > :00:30.there is a watershed moment for Britain's political culture? There
:00:30. > :00:34.are two choices. You can downplayed and deny that the problem is deeper,
:00:34. > :00:44.or you can accept the seriousness of the situation and deal with it.
:00:44. > :00:54.
:00:54. > :00:57.Welcome to GMT. I'm Stephen Sackur. Also in the programme: Desperate,
:00:57. > :01:02.facing starvation. British aid agencies launched an appeal to help
:01:02. > :01:07.the 10 million people now at risk of famine in East Africa.
:01:07. > :01:10.And on the brink of nationhood: South Sudan is just hours from
:01:10. > :01:20.independence, but will the good will on the new Sudanese frontier
:01:20. > :01:21.
:01:21. > :01:23.It is 9:30pm in Sydney, 7:30am in New York City and half past noon in
:01:23. > :01:26.London, where Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron has
:01:26. > :01:30.announced two investigations into what he called the disgusting phone
:01:30. > :01:34.hacking scandal which has sent shockwaves through the country's
:01:34. > :01:37.political culture. Mr Cameron pledged not just to get to the
:01:37. > :01:41.truth of what happened at the Rupert Murdoch and News of the
:01:41. > :01:44.World, but also to clean up the culture and ethics of the press.
:01:44. > :01:47.Within minutes of the Prime Minister's words, police confirmed
:01:47. > :01:51.the arrest of Andy Coulson, the former editor of the News of the
:01:51. > :01:57.World who was hired by Mr Cameron to be his communications chief.
:01:57. > :02:00.James Kelly has this report. Last night, it was one former News
:02:00. > :02:06.of the World editor in the spotlight, with multiple calls for
:02:06. > :02:08.her resignation. Today, it is another, Andy Coulson, who left the
:02:08. > :02:12.paper after the first phone hacking scandal and went on to be director
:02:12. > :02:16.of communications at Number 10. resigned from the News of the World
:02:16. > :02:19.because of things that happened on his watch. I decided to give him a
:02:19. > :02:23.second chance, and no one has ever raised serious concerns about how
:02:24. > :02:28.he did his job for me. But the second chance didn't work out, and
:02:28. > :02:33.he had to resign all over again. The decision to hire him was mine
:02:33. > :02:37.and mine alone, and I take full responsibility for it. The Prime
:02:37. > :02:40.Minister gave a news conference to announce the details have not one
:02:41. > :02:45.but two independent inquiries into the behaviour of the media. A full
:02:45. > :02:48.public inquiry led by a judge will start after the police
:02:48. > :02:52.investigation into alleged phone hacking and payments to officers is
:02:52. > :02:56.complete. Another inquiry into the future of the press will start as
:02:56. > :02:59.early as this summer. Under the watch of Labour leaders and
:02:59. > :03:03.conservative leaders, politicians and the press have spent time
:03:03. > :03:07.courting support not confronting the problems. It is on my watch
:03:07. > :03:12.that the music has stopped, and I am saying loud and clear that
:03:12. > :03:15.things have got to change. Yesterday, after days of damaging
:03:15. > :03:19.revelations and the withdrawal by one big company after another
:03:19. > :03:23.advertising, News International executives reached a decision to
:03:23. > :03:29.close the News of the World. This company has been a great investor
:03:29. > :03:34.in journalism, a great investor in media in general, and is something
:03:34. > :03:38.that we believe very strongly in. And clearly, certain activities did
:03:38. > :03:42.not live up to those standards, and that is a matter of great regret,
:03:42. > :03:46.for me personally and for the company. The allegations have also
:03:46. > :03:50.called into question the ongoing stake -- takeover of BSkyB by
:03:50. > :03:55.Rupert Murdoch's firm. The leader of the opposition says that needs
:03:55. > :04:00.fresh scrutiny. The notion that today, next week, in September,
:04:00. > :04:04.this will be waved through on the basis of assurances from executives
:04:04. > :04:08.at News Corporation frankly does not meet the test of public consent.
:04:08. > :04:11.I just think there is no doubt about that. But the Prime Minister
:04:11. > :04:15.stuck to his guns when asked about the future of the bid, saying the
:04:15. > :04:21.Culture Secretary had to follow legal guidelines in assessing the
:04:21. > :04:26.deal. For the hundreds a staff that News of the World, what happens to
:04:26. > :04:31.their job now is equally unclear. Let's get another perspective on
:04:31. > :04:34.all of this. We are joined by Bruce Orwall, the London bureau chief for
:04:35. > :04:41.the Wall Street Journal which, like the News of the World, is owned by
:04:41. > :04:44.News Corporation. Let's start with David Cameron. You obviously
:04:44. > :04:48.watching his performance. Does he look like a prime minister who is
:04:49. > :04:52.confident that he is on top of this scandal? I think he looks like a
:04:52. > :04:58.prime minister who feels like he has a lot of issues to address with
:04:58. > :05:05.this scandal. He of course, No. 1, has hired from the tabloid
:05:05. > :05:10.newspaper that is as question here -- that is at question here his top
:05:10. > :05:14.communications director, so that will hang over him. He also is
:05:14. > :05:20.friendly with at the top news executive of News Corp in the UK,
:05:20. > :05:26.Rebekah Brooks, who was under a lot of pressure to resign. That is two
:05:26. > :05:32.issues that he has to deal with. His answer is to call for this
:05:32. > :05:35.reboot of the whole made a political police culture here. He
:05:36. > :05:40.is going to continue to face questions about all of this as long
:05:40. > :05:45.as Andy Coulson is going through the legal process and Rebekah
:05:45. > :05:51.Brooks as the top executive of News International. I notice you homed
:05:51. > :05:55.in there on the question of Rebekah Brooks. Do you believe that Rupert
:05:55. > :06:01.Murdoch very soon his gate take a decision that he will have to let
:06:01. > :06:08.Rebekah Brooks go? Everything we know about that indicate to the
:06:08. > :06:12.contrary. Rebekah Brooks is one of the people who is described by some
:06:12. > :06:17.as being more family than family to Rupert. She is not related to him,
:06:17. > :06:21.but she is like a very close family member, and she has been for years.
:06:21. > :06:27.Does that equation change now that the Prime Minister has pushed her a
:06:27. > :06:31.bit down the gangplank? It could be harder to resist, but so far the
:06:31. > :06:39.indication that we have had is that they want to keep her. How rattled
:06:39. > :06:45.you think is Murdoch, his family and people closest to him? I can't
:06:45. > :06:48.say for sure how Rupert himself is dealing with it. It is obviously a
:06:48. > :06:57.convulsive and distracting strategy that is leaching out into other
:06:57. > :07:01.business operations. It is complicating and possibly delaying
:07:01. > :07:05.their attempt to acquire BSkyB fully. It is tarnishing the
:07:05. > :07:10.reputation of the country's news operations in the UK in a way that
:07:10. > :07:18.is unflattering. And now it is reverberating be on the UK. Those
:07:18. > :07:21.are not good things. That is why they took a decisive action
:07:21. > :07:25.yesterday to just simply close the News of the World. Whether that is
:07:25. > :07:30.enough to contain the damage, I think this scandal will roll on
:07:30. > :07:36.regardless. I suspect that is true. We tend to you because you have an
:07:36. > :07:39.outside perspective on this. What do you think it says about
:07:39. > :07:43.Britain's political culture that a Prime Minister like David Cameron
:07:43. > :07:49.can have such a close personal relationship with a senior news
:07:49. > :07:52.executive like Rebekah Brooks? That Cameron clearly has been friendly
:07:52. > :07:55.with the Murdoch organisation, as indeed Tony Blair was before him.
:07:55. > :08:01.Do think there is something rotten at the heart of the political media
:08:01. > :08:05.culture in Britain? Media and political and business elite always
:08:05. > :08:09.have social relationships in any culture and society. But would it
:08:09. > :08:16.work the same way in the United States? Is it conceivable President
:08:16. > :08:21.Obama could have the sort of relationships? I couldn't see
:08:21. > :08:25.President Obama hiring a top spokesperson from a tabloid
:08:25. > :08:33.newspaper that runs the kind of stories that the News of the World
:08:33. > :08:39.has done. The political, media, entertainment classes are all knit
:08:39. > :08:43.together here in a much closer way than they are in the US. All those
:08:43. > :08:48.centres are in one place in London. Everyone socialises with everyone
:08:48. > :08:56.else. We are out of time, but very briefly, do think that they can be
:08:56. > :09:01.on stitched? That is what Karen seemed to be pointing to today. --
:09:01. > :09:04.Cameron. I think you can try to, but I think there are some deeply
:09:04. > :09:09.rooted practices in the media culture here, and they think it
:09:09. > :09:17.would be very difficult to unwind them in the long run. Bruce all,
:09:17. > :09:20.Let's take a look at some of the other stories making headlines
:09:20. > :09:23.around the world today. Thousands of people are protesting across
:09:23. > :09:27.Egypt at the perceived slow pace of change since the revolution five
:09:27. > :09:31.months ago. Activists say the military regime has been reluctant
:09:31. > :09:35.to prosecute the police involved in the deaths of protesters, and that
:09:35. > :09:40.whilst Hosni Mubarak is no longer in power, his officials are still
:09:40. > :09:43.in charge of the institutions. Syria has accused the United States
:09:43. > :09:48.and interfering in its affairs after the US ambassador to the
:09:48. > :09:54.country travelled to the flashpoint city of Hama. The visit by Robert
:09:54. > :09:58.Ford was proof of US involvement in protests, they said. The US State
:09:58. > :10:01.Department said the visit was to show solidarity with protesters.
:10:01. > :10:05.Pakistan has responded angrily to comments by America's highest-
:10:05. > :10:10.ranking military officer that it sanctioned the killing of a
:10:11. > :10:13.Pakistani journalist in May. The Pakistani government spokesperson
:10:13. > :10:21.described the allegation by admiral Mike Mullen as extremely
:10:21. > :10:24.irresponsible. A terrible mass migration is under
:10:24. > :10:28.way in East Africa. Thousands of people have abandoned their homes
:10:28. > :10:32.in the hope of reaching refugee camps offering food and water. The
:10:32. > :10:36.region is enduring its worst drought in 60 years. More than 10
:10:36. > :10:41.million people in Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia have been affected,
:10:42. > :10:44.and medical staff in the camps are struggling to cope. Britain's
:10:44. > :10:48.Disasters Emergency Committee has launched a fund-raising appeal to
:10:48. > :10:52.help, and there have been speaking to its chief executive, Brendan
:10:52. > :10:56.Gormley, about precisely what needs to be done.
:10:56. > :11:00.What we have as thousands of destitute people on the move,
:11:00. > :11:04.moving into Ethiopia and Kenya. The charities that make up the DEC are
:11:04. > :11:08.there, that is the good news. What they desperately want to do is
:11:08. > :11:12.rampart their life-saving work. And to do that, they need extra cash.
:11:12. > :11:18.We are asking the British public if they will dig deep yet again.
:11:18. > :11:21.you have a figure in mind? What is needed? No, we are grateful for
:11:22. > :11:25.anything that people will give. People are seeing awful pictures on
:11:25. > :11:29.their screens, and we are there to make it easy for them to give. We
:11:29. > :11:34.will ensure that money at between the charities, and to make sure
:11:34. > :11:38.that the different things, clean water, food, is being delivered.
:11:38. > :11:42.One of the problems I see on my television screen is that many of
:11:42. > :11:47.the people in the worst affected areas are in Somalia. It is
:11:47. > :11:50.terribly difficult to actually reach many of these people.
:11:50. > :11:53.good news is that many of our charities have been working in
:11:53. > :11:58.Somalia quietly for years. They have local staff and community
:11:58. > :12:03.groups that they work with. And on top of that, the ruling elite have
:12:03. > :12:08.opened up the frontiers. They say that they trust the charities. They
:12:08. > :12:12.say, if you are only here to help our people, you are welcome. One of
:12:12. > :12:16.those awful bottlenecks, as you know there has been a chronic
:12:16. > :12:21.conflict the 20 years in Somalia, which has really sapped all have
:12:21. > :12:26.the energy and resources away from the pastoral people who live there.
:12:26. > :12:30.We know that some of the camps, in Kenya in particular, a terribly
:12:30. > :12:33.overcrowded. Cams designed for 90,000 people already have hundreds
:12:33. > :12:38.of thousands. Is one of the intentions, if you get more
:12:38. > :12:42.resources, to build new camps? is not really the answer. The real
:12:42. > :12:48.answer would be to help people get back. They know how to eke a living
:12:48. > :12:52.in some of the most difficult environments in the world. With
:12:52. > :12:57.water, with restocking, they can live there. If they are stuck in
:12:57. > :13:00.camps, where not productive and they cannot look after themselves.
:13:00. > :13:03.Clearly we have got to do life saving stuff now, and the camps
:13:03. > :13:07.have got to be in good order, but what we desperately want is to
:13:07. > :13:14.reach out to people before they get sucked into the camps, get their
:13:14. > :13:18.basics going again, getting some seeds and tools, and restock.
:13:18. > :13:22.Brendan Gormley there. Still to come on GMT, the final countdown.
:13:22. > :13:32.But the US space shuttle is ready for his final mission - if the
:13:32. > :13:34.
:13:34. > :13:41.First, let's get all the business news. Aaron Heslehurst is here. All
:13:41. > :13:46.the talk today is about the Murdoch media empire.
:13:46. > :13:49.Absolutely. At the end of the day, this is a numbers game. Sales of
:13:49. > :13:53.the News of the World and its sister newspaper, the son, $1
:13:53. > :14:00.billion, but it is a mere outpost in the entire Murdoch global
:14:00. > :14:05.corporation, because News Corps had sales last year of $33 billion.
:14:05. > :14:12.That didn't come from newspapers, it came from television. The Fox
:14:12. > :14:16.network, $15 billion. That is why Murdoch is so keen to get full
:14:16. > :14:22.control of BSkyB. But since the hacking scandal, a lot of members
:14:22. > :14:28.of the public and now asking if News Corps would be a fit and
:14:28. > :14:32.proper air owner for BSkyB. But that doesn't really impact on
:14:32. > :14:37.the question of whether or not News Corp can take over BSkyB. That is a
:14:37. > :14:40.question that has almost now been resolved. We have the solution
:14:40. > :14:45.offered by News Corporation and BSkyB to hive-off Sky News and
:14:45. > :14:47.address the issues that have been raised in that context. So now,
:14:47. > :14:57.reverse engineering the process actually doesn't seem to work in
:14:57. > :14:58.
:14:58. > :15:06.law. You can't go back and That is interesting. He was telling
:15:06. > :15:12.me you would have to set up a whole new set of laws in Parliament.
:15:13. > :15:16.were going to talk about it gloomy US jobs figures, but not today?
:15:16. > :15:20.Optimism! We're going to see some solid cracking numbers from the US
:15:20. > :15:26.in terms of how many new jobs were created in the month of June. This
:15:26. > :15:33.off the back of some dismal numbers in May, only a few 1,000. Today we
:15:33. > :15:40.are expecting something like 140 to 160,000 jobs. I asked why we were
:15:40. > :15:45.expecting such a big jump. I think it is down to the energy costs this
:15:45. > :15:49.year and also the Japanese earthquake, so we lot of
:15:49. > :15:56.manufacturers shut down operations. Gasoline prices and energy costs
:15:56. > :16:00.have fallen and the Japanese supply issues are unravelling as well.
:16:00. > :16:06.This would be good news. The US recovery has always been seen as a
:16:06. > :16:10.bit of a jobless recovery. It has been a big problem for the Obama
:16:10. > :16:15.administration. Let's take a look at the markets, because they have
:16:15. > :16:23.been focused pretty much on this story, because yesterday we also
:16:23. > :16:29.had some cracking numbers from the US. We do want to hear what you
:16:29. > :16:39.think. The best way to get in touch is through our website. You can see
:16:39. > :16:39.
:16:40. > :16:46.recent interviews and we have are links to Facebook and Twitter there.
:16:46. > :16:50.This is GMT from BBC World news. The headlines, the British Prime
:16:50. > :16:52.Minister David Cameron has said there will be a full judge LED
:16:52. > :16:57.inquiry into the phone-hacking scandal that has led to the closure
:16:57. > :17:01.of the best selling Sunday newspaper, the News of the World.
:17:01. > :17:10.A group of UK aid agencies is launching a joint appeal aimed at
:17:10. > :17:14.helping 10 million people hit by the drought on the Horn of Africa.
:17:14. > :17:18.The Republic of South Sudan is about to become the world's newest
:17:18. > :17:22.nation. The people of southern Sudan have voted overwhelmingly to
:17:22. > :17:26.declare independence from the North in a referendum last January. With
:17:26. > :17:29.hours to go, southerners living in the North are reported to be
:17:29. > :17:39.leaving in huge numbers. Zeinab Badawi has been to meet some of
:17:39. > :17:46.
:17:46. > :17:52.those who have lost their jobs and Going out, not so much with a loud
:17:52. > :18:02.bang as with a loud beat. The officers' club in Khartoum. An
:18:02. > :18:02.
:18:02. > :18:11.emotional farewell. The Sudanese Defence Minister and the chief of
:18:11. > :18:16.the armed forces bid goodbye to their southern colleagues.
:18:16. > :18:20.TRANSLATION: To be honest with you, on this day we feel some sadness to
:18:20. > :18:28.lose very good-natured colleagues who, in some cases, have been with
:18:28. > :18:33.us for decades and have served loyally in the army. They were
:18:33. > :18:38.given this colourful send off. There is clearly joy that the South
:18:38. > :18:48.is embarking on this historic venture, the building of a brand
:18:48. > :18:51.
:18:51. > :18:56.new nation. I am going to take my freedom. They have been taking my
:18:56. > :19:02.freedom up to now but now I am going to take it. I am very, very
:19:02. > :19:07.grateful. There are about 20,000 southern Sudanese in the national
:19:07. > :19:11.army. That is about 10%. Behind me, the Air Force, in front, the
:19:11. > :19:18.soldiers. This is the last time they will be wearing these uniforms
:19:18. > :19:23.for an official occasion. Many are genuinely reluctant to be leaving
:19:23. > :19:29.Sudan's forces. They face an uncertain future in the south. Some
:19:29. > :19:36.will choose to remain in the North. Another person forced it to give up
:19:36. > :19:41.a much-loved job is Agnes Lukudu. Wonderful to see you. Lovely to see
:19:41. > :19:45.you. If she is one of the most prominent Southern leaders in the
:19:45. > :19:49.North, an adviser to President Bashir, and she considers him a
:19:49. > :19:56.friend. You are Agnes Lukudu. You are ahead of the ruling National
:19:56. > :20:03.Congress Party in the South, in the southern sector? Yes. But you are
:20:03. > :20:10.going to be out of a job? Yes, this is the Presidential decree. It says,
:20:10. > :20:17.I, President Bashir, have decreed on this particular day that the
:20:17. > :20:27.following people. Their work -- will be stopping their work on 9th
:20:27. > :20:29.
:20:29. > :20:33.July. And the following people include me. As the world waits to
:20:33. > :20:40.see if the southern Sudanese can turn a concept into a viable,
:20:40. > :20:48.thriving nation, not all, even tough of soldiers, can remain
:20:48. > :20:58.clear-I'd about the future. That was Zeinab Badawi reporting
:20:58. > :20:59.
:20:59. > :21:06.from Khartoum, but let's made a journey to Juba, the town that was
:21:06. > :21:10.soon be the new capital of South Sudan. -- that will soon be.
:21:10. > :21:16.This is the countdown clock and there you have it. Welcome to
:21:16. > :21:20.Africa's youngest nation. It is counting down the hours and minutes
:21:20. > :21:24.to the independence of South Sudan. The streets are fairly quiet and
:21:24. > :21:29.that is because the roads have been closed off. You need special passes
:21:29. > :21:32.to move around and there is a heightened security prisons. Not
:21:32. > :21:38.surprising, given how many foreign dignitaries will be coming into
:21:38. > :21:42.this town, which has never received as many visitors before. At this
:21:42. > :21:47.time, the South is facing rebellion in many parts of the country.
:21:47. > :21:50.There's also fear about the North- south border, so it is being born
:21:50. > :21:53.as a new nation but at a time when there are new worries about what
:21:53. > :22:00.will happen with his new independence and whether this
:22:00. > :22:04.country will be stable and secure. -- this new independence. A few
:22:04. > :22:08.people are blowing up balloons here and we understand that at midnight,
:22:08. > :22:13.the church bells will ring out across the country, so preparations
:22:13. > :22:18.are underway. A few soldiers are in the shade taking a break from the
:22:18. > :22:24.hot Juba sun. But despite the challenges facing this country, the
:22:25. > :22:30.expectations of the people here are sky-high.
:22:30. > :22:34.That was our reporter in what will be the world's newest capital.
:22:34. > :22:39.Talking about hours from now, that packhorse of the space age, the
:22:39. > :22:43.space shuttle, is due to take off on its final mission. A vast crowd
:22:43. > :22:47.is expected in Florida, Cape Canaveral, but they may remain
:22:47. > :22:57.thwarted as the weather remains touch and go. We can go to Laura
:22:57. > :23:00.Trevelyan de the space part. She is there live. What is it like? It is
:23:00. > :23:07.not that promising. There is a patch of blue, but is it good
:23:07. > :23:12.enough? This well before Atlantis to leave on its final journey.
:23:12. > :23:19.Behind me, hundreds of people spend the night camped out. It is, people
:23:19. > :23:25.hope, a defining and historic moment.
:23:25. > :23:30.The last ever Shuttle, set for its last ever mission. The launch of
:23:30. > :23:40.that land is marks the end of an era of space exploration. --
:23:40. > :23:40.
:23:40. > :23:44.Atlantis. The first shuttle, Columbia, was launched in 1981. It
:23:44. > :23:48.was supposed to be the start off a new era of regular, cheap space
:23:48. > :23:54.exploration. The idea was that there would be launches once, maybe
:23:54. > :24:00.even twice a week. That did not happen. Costs soared and there were
:24:00. > :24:05.design problems. In 1986, the shuttle Challenger exploded on
:24:05. > :24:14.launch. The entire crew, including a school teacher, was killed. And
:24:14. > :24:20.the design flaws persisted. Columbia, Houston, check. There was
:24:20. > :24:25.no answered. Columbia had exploded as it re-entered the Earth's
:24:25. > :24:30.atmosphere in 2003. But the Shuttle also had its golden years.
:24:30. > :24:33.Discovery put the Hubble space telescope into orbit in 1990,
:24:33. > :24:37.opening the eyes of the world to the wonders of the universe. And
:24:37. > :24:42.the fleet of shuttles helped build the International Space Station. It
:24:42. > :24:46.that was not enough, though. With the loss of 14 lives and two
:24:47. > :24:53.spacecraft, NASA decided the shuttle fleet would be mothballed
:24:53. > :25:00.once the International Space Station was finished. So what do
:25:00. > :25:05.the space enthusiasts may Cobbett? I am joined by two now. You we here
:25:05. > :25:10.overnight sleeping in a chair. Why is is so important for you to be
:25:10. > :25:16.here? We came down last time when they launched Atlantis and it is an
:25:16. > :25:20.amazing spectacle. This is the last one so we could not miss it. It is
:25:20. > :25:24.nearly 40 years since there was a man on the moon and America has led
:25:24. > :25:29.the way in space exploration. Do you fill America might be slipping
:25:29. > :25:33.behind? Absolutely not. It is not slipping behind but it is a
:25:33. > :25:38.worldwide venture. The International Space Station is a
:25:38. > :25:44.worldwide project so I think that speaks for itself. How do you feel
:25:44. > :25:49.about this final mission? Is it a bittersweet moment? Is it clear
:25:49. > :25:53.what at NASA are going to do next? I am sure they have a full schedule
:25:53. > :25:56.of a flight launches but we are getting out of the man-space flight
:25:56. > :26:02.business for the time being and hopefully we will get back to it
:26:02. > :26:08.soon. Do you feel may be space has become a bit mundane and that is
:26:08. > :26:12.why politicians are not so keen to give it funding? I think for the
:26:12. > :26:22.younger generation, it might be mundane because they grew up with
:26:22. > :26:23.
:26:23. > :26:27.it, but there's millions of us here from all nations. So enthusiasm is
:26:27. > :26:33.alive and well here on the Florida coast.
:26:33. > :26:37.We are coming to the end of GMT. A reminder of our main story, police
:26:37. > :26:42.have arrested Andy Coulson, the former editor of News of the World
:26:42. > :26:45.and former adviser to David Cameron. David Cameron has announced a