:00:09. > :00:13.The battle for one of Colonel Gaddafi's last strongholds
:00:13. > :00:20.continues, as negotiations between the two opposing sides seem to have
:00:20. > :00:23.broken down. Forces of the transitional council
:00:23. > :00:33.say they are in good spirits as they prepare to storm the desert
:00:33. > :00:44.
:00:44. > :00:48.Hello, welcome. Also coming up, the famine is
:00:48. > :00:53.spreading in Somalia. The United Nations warns that three-quarters
:00:53. > :00:58.of a million people could start to death in the next few months.
:00:58. > :01:02.Are you trying to accuse me of being...?
:01:03. > :01:08.And, the Bollywood blockbuster they tried to ban. How a film about
:01:08. > :01:13.India's caste system continues to court controversy.
:01:13. > :01:18.It is lunchtime in London, early morning in Washington and 1:30pm in
:01:18. > :01:22.Libya, where leaders of the NTC, the National Transitional Council,
:01:22. > :01:28.or speaking in confident tones about the battle for Bani Walid.
:01:28. > :01:32.The head of the NTC has told the BBC that two of Colonel Gaddafi's
:01:32. > :01:37.sons have been blocking the surrender of the town. He says
:01:37. > :01:42.negotiations are still continuing, but he gave a deadline of one week
:01:42. > :01:46.for those negotiations to end. Bani Walid is 200 kilometres south-east
:01:46. > :01:51.of Tripoli, one of the last pounds to be held by forces loyal to
:01:51. > :02:01.Colonel Gaddafi. Its capture is a major test of the NTC's ability to
:02:01. > :02:06.defeat the remaining supporters of Gearing up for the final push on
:02:06. > :02:09.Bani Walid, these rebel fighters gathered their strength and
:02:10. > :02:16.thoughts on the outskirts of one of the last strong chords of pro
:02:16. > :02:22.Colonel Gaddafi forces. -- strongholds. Mood among the rebels
:02:22. > :02:27.is buoyant. The time for talking to, both sides seem to agree, is over
:02:27. > :02:32.for now. Negotiations have collapsed. The rebel leaders
:02:32. > :02:40.believe they have the forces to take the town quickly. We are a
:02:40. > :02:44.mixed people, coming from Benghazi, Tripoli, everywhere, from Libya.
:02:44. > :02:50.According to the rebels, the negotiations never really got going.
:02:50. > :02:54.If and when they go in, what will be resistance be like? As events
:02:54. > :02:59.unfold, foreign governments are having to answer awkward questions.
:02:59. > :03:01.China has acknowledged that Chinese arms manufacturers hold talks as
:03:01. > :03:07.recently as July with representatives of Colonel
:03:07. > :03:14.Gaddafi's government. There was a United Nations arms ban in base --
:03:14. > :03:18.in place. TRANSLATION: The Colonel Gaddafi government said personnel
:03:18. > :03:22.to China without the knowledge of the Chinese government. The Chinese
:03:22. > :03:27.companies did not sign contracts, nor did they export military items
:03:27. > :03:31.to Libya. Some of the Colonel Gaddafi government's dot secrets of
:03:31. > :03:36.emerging, as well as the cosiness of its relationships with the West
:03:36. > :03:40.before the rebellion. Documents suggest that Britain's end of --
:03:40. > :03:44.MI6 co-operated with the CIA in delivering a suspected militants
:03:44. > :03:49.into the hands of the Colonel Gaddafi forces, including the man
:03:49. > :03:53.who is now the rebel leader in charge of security in Tripoli. As
:03:53. > :03:57.the rebel fighters made their final preparations, among the continuing
:03:57. > :04:07.uncertainties, the whereabouts of Colonel Gaddafi and his sons, still
:04:07. > :04:13.
:04:13. > :04:19.Let's get the latest now. How far can you assess how the balance of
:04:19. > :04:27.power might be shifting when it comes to Bani Walid? It really
:04:27. > :04:32.looks as though the anti- Colonel Gaddafi forces, the rebels, are
:04:32. > :04:36.bending over backwards to really avoid a full-on assault on Bani
:04:36. > :04:42.Walid. They have waited several days already, they could have gone
:04:42. > :04:46.in a few days ago, they have been negotiating with the tribal elders,
:04:46. > :04:49.and with the Colonel Gaddafi loyalists, trying to get the
:04:49. > :04:52.Colonel Gaddafi hardliners to surrender, to lay down their
:04:52. > :04:57.weapons. They have demanded assurances about how they would be
:04:57. > :05:02.treated if they surrendered. The negotiations appear to have broken
:05:02. > :05:06.down last night, though some sort of negotiations are still continue
:05:06. > :05:12.wind. Part of the problem has been that two of Colonel Gaddafi's sons
:05:12. > :05:17.have been in the town, and they were pretty hard line, and they
:05:17. > :05:22.have left. They were putting up resistance, encouraging hardliners
:05:22. > :05:30.to continue the Resistance, and supplying them with weapons. We are
:05:30. > :05:37.being held quite a long way from the town, 70 kilometres or so, at
:05:37. > :05:42.the rebel checkpoint. Heading that way, Bani Walid. It is where some
:05:42. > :05:48.of the rebel fighters set off a couple of hours ago, with some
:05:48. > :05:51.heavy weaponry, they were shooting into the air euphorically, to
:05:51. > :05:56.reinforce the troops that they have already got massed around the town.
:05:56. > :06:01.It is pretty much surrounded, and there is a hope that anti- Colonel
:06:02. > :06:09.Gaddafi people in Bani Walid will rise up and take out or expel the
:06:09. > :06:15.last of the Colonel Gaddafi loyalists. Do we know how well
:06:15. > :06:20.armed the pro Colonel Gaddafi forces are still in Bani Walid?
:06:20. > :06:26.do not think there are that many of them or that they are that well
:06:26. > :06:31.armed, though the Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi did armed them with about
:06:31. > :06:35.80 high-velocity rifles before he left. The worry is that they are
:06:35. > :06:45.spread out amongst the civilian population, and there could be real
:06:45. > :06:47.
:06:47. > :06:50.bloodshed if and when the rebels to What about Colonel Gaddafi? His
:06:50. > :06:57.whereabouts are still not known, though he is believed to be in
:06:57. > :07:00.Libya. Eric Maddocks was credited with masterminding the capture of
:07:00. > :07:10.Saddam Hussein, and he has described his experiences in Iraq
:07:10. > :07:19.in a book. What it would you give anybody who is keen to find Colonel
:07:19. > :07:26.Gaddafi? -- what advice? Do you think he is still in Libya? The key
:07:26. > :07:32.to finding it Saddam Hussein was identify and his social networks,
:07:32. > :07:36.through building the link diagrams, and through his networks, he was
:07:36. > :07:43.running an insurgency in the area, and he had to survive, so he needed
:07:43. > :07:47.food, shelter, he needed to be harboured. From that, he used a two
:07:47. > :07:52.specific individuals. One of the keys to capturing him was that we
:07:52. > :08:00.have to find his social networks through these two hoppers, his
:08:00. > :08:04.bodyguards, and not necessarily through his past regime. Saddam
:08:04. > :08:08.Hussein was found in Dr Crick, which is where his tried originally
:08:08. > :08:18.hailed from, in a remote farmhouse. Looking at the parallels with
:08:18. > :08:19.
:08:19. > :08:24.Colonel Gaddafi, what would you say? As the Department of Defense
:08:24. > :08:32.representative, I cannot speculate on the location of Colonel Gaddafi.
:08:32. > :08:36.For Saddam Hussein, he hit amongst the people that needed in the most.
:08:37. > :08:42.-- he hid. There is speculation he travel too severe, he was in
:08:42. > :08:46.Baghdad, he could hide amongst millions of people, but he was in a
:08:47. > :08:51.small town, of 20,000 people, that needed him the most. But the
:08:51. > :08:55.difference is that there were foreign bids on the ground in Iraq,
:08:55. > :09:00.highly experienced, specially trained forces, trying to track
:09:00. > :09:05.down Saddam Hussein, and that is not the case in Libya. Is there the
:09:05. > :09:13.experience to find Colonel Gaddafi? The key to success for finding
:09:13. > :09:17.Saddam Hussein is that you do have experienced Special forces that can
:09:17. > :09:23.go in, because you are doing a manhunt. If you're not careful, you
:09:23. > :09:29.will create a lot of corrupt or damage. As you hunt for one man,
:09:29. > :09:32.you will create a massive insurgency. The team that I was
:09:32. > :09:37.within Iraq, we spent four months tracking down Saddam Hussein, we
:09:37. > :09:42.did not fire a single bullet, and that leaves a minimal foot print,
:09:42. > :09:46.which does not stir up the population. Often, you can get
:09:46. > :09:53.information from people who are not even aware they are giving you
:09:53. > :10:01.information. Is that right? That is exactly right, one of the keys to
:10:01. > :10:04.finding Saddam Hussein, he was the most wanted man in the world, the
:10:04. > :10:08.most powerful military in the world was looking for him, you would
:10:08. > :10:16.assume he would go into hiding and he would be roughing it, but he
:10:16. > :10:21.needed to eat one type of fish every day. Once we identified that
:10:21. > :10:26.sort of profile, we then found a fish pond that had been created
:10:26. > :10:31.since the war that had begun, we started tracking the fishermen, and
:10:31. > :10:36.from doing that, it led us on to eventually capturing Saddam Hussein.
:10:36. > :10:46.It is the small brittle profiles of their high-value target that can
:10:46. > :10:57.
:10:57. > :11:00.Egypt's former president is back in court in Cairo. Four police
:11:00. > :11:03.officers of the first witnesses due to be questioned in the trial.
:11:03. > :11:08.Hosni Mubarak has been charged with ordering the killing of hundreds of
:11:08. > :11:18.demonstrators during protests against the government. He could
:11:18. > :11:20.
:11:20. > :11:23.face the death penalty if he is Police struggled to contain a sea
:11:23. > :11:28.of protest outside the courtroom as the trial of the deposed President
:11:28. > :11:32.was about to resume. The authorities were trying to prevent
:11:32. > :11:36.a repetition of the scuffles that erupted when Hosni Mubarak's trial
:11:36. > :11:43.opened a month ago. It seemed like a losing battle. Just about
:11:43. > :11:47.everyone here, it appeared, had some grievance. This woman claimed
:11:47. > :11:53.that there were people from the secret services, cronies and slaves
:11:53. > :11:59.of America. Passions were a strong on the other side of the political
:11:59. > :12:07.divide. Hosni Mubarak is a criminal, this man claims, repeating it to
:12:07. > :12:10.emphasise his seat. -- his view. This man was angry because he said
:12:10. > :12:13.he was not being allowed to go inside the court to watch the
:12:13. > :12:18.proceedings, even though he had authority from the Interior
:12:18. > :12:23.Ministry. The ailing 83-year-old was brought to justice -- to court
:12:23. > :12:27.in an ambulance, on a stretcher. Last month, the Egyptians could see
:12:27. > :12:32.live television coverage of him in a cage in the court. The judge has
:12:32. > :12:36.now banned such coverage, because he felt it added to the charged
:12:36. > :12:40.atmosphere. Hosni Mubarak denies ordering the killing of the
:12:40. > :12:47.protesters. Today the court was to hear from police officers who were
:12:47. > :12:50.working in the operations room at the time. Outside, this woman says
:12:50. > :12:55.there was no way the former President could have killed the
:12:55. > :12:58.martyrs, as was being alleged. Otherwise, she said, he would have
:12:58. > :13:05.killed all of the Egyptian people. What was the point of only killing
:13:05. > :13:10.800? So soon after the removal of a leader who held sway over his
:13:10. > :13:20.country for so long, the scenes at the court in Cairo are a reminder
:13:20. > :13:21.
:13:22. > :13:26.of the emotions unleashed by Hosni Still to come, two students from
:13:26. > :13:33.two different backgrounds, and a question dividing India. This
:13:33. > :13:40.positive discrimination still have a place in modern society?
:13:40. > :13:45.-- does positive discrimination? I have been joined by Our Business
:13:45. > :13:49.Correspondent. What news do you bring? American banks in trouble?
:13:49. > :13:54.Banks around the world, they are very nervous at the moment. They
:13:54. > :13:58.are preparing to defend themselves. Late on Friday night, American
:13:58. > :14:01.authorities filed a lawsuit against 17 banks around the world, claiming
:14:01. > :14:08.that the banks must lead lenders about the quality of the mortgages
:14:08. > :14:12.they were selling during the housing bubble in 2008, and earlier.
:14:12. > :14:17.The American authorities are representing the two big mortgage
:14:17. > :14:25.giants who went bust. They had to get bailed out to the tune of $150
:14:25. > :14:31.billion. We have got the Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, RBS,
:14:31. > :14:38.Barclays, but the question, who was responsible for approving and then
:14:38. > :14:43.purchasing these products? These companies were responsible
:14:43. > :14:46.for purchasing that these ought lemons, these so-called mortgage
:14:46. > :14:51.products, but they then increased the market value of them and pushed
:14:51. > :14:57.them to the upside and make them more appealing to themselves. When
:14:57. > :15:07.they went bust, they were left holding a lot of these overvalued
:15:07. > :15:08.
:15:08. > :15:17.Ure, people are getting nervous there about that second bail out?
:15:17. > :15:20.Absolutely. $109 billion. That was agreed this year but Finland is
:15:21. > :15:24.causing hiccups. They are demanding collateral for Greece. They are
:15:25. > :15:29.going we will give you some money but you have to put up something
:15:29. > :15:34.against it. The bigger problem you have Austria, Luxembourg, the
:15:34. > :15:39.Netherlands, Slovenia, all asking for the same. They say we want some
:15:39. > :15:44.collateral as well, and all of this could be fatal for Greece.
:15:44. > :15:49.Greece has to post collateral I think it makes it more likely that
:15:49. > :15:52.Greece will default, so it is almost as if it triggers a self-
:15:52. > :15:59.fulfilling prophesy, because the money it would have available to
:15:59. > :16:03.pay down, to pay down debt will be in this special purpose vehicle.
:16:03. > :16:06.know the Finnish Finance Minister is meeting the euro President to
:16:06. > :16:12.discuss this and Finance Ministers from the eurozone meeting tomorrow,
:16:12. > :16:15.just to try and get through this next saga. A quick look at the
:16:15. > :16:19.markets. On the markets. Take a look. They are down there. Very
:16:19. > :16:24.worried about the lack of US jobs. No jobs created in August in the US
:16:24. > :16:27.and problems in China. That is it for now. Thank you. All you need to
:16:27. > :16:37.know on the main stories on the business today. Do remember, if you
:16:37. > :16:46.
:16:46. > :16:52.want to get in touch with us, best You are watching GMT from BBC World
:16:52. > :16:56.news. The headlines. The battle for one of Colonel Gaddafi's last
:16:56. > :17:03.strongholds may have already started, as talks between the two
:17:03. > :17:11.opposing sides appear to have broken down. And violent scuffles
:17:11. > :17:15.outside court in Cairo as Hosni Mubarak arrives for his trial. Now,
:17:15. > :17:20.more on our top story, Libya. It has Americaned that representatives
:17:20. > :17:25.of Colonel Gaddafi visited the Chinese capital Beijing in July,
:17:25. > :17:29.trying to buy arms. This information is coming from the
:17:29. > :17:35.Chinese foreign ministry who were quick to add no contracts were
:17:35. > :17:38.signed and no weapons were shipped to them. Let us get more from our
:17:38. > :17:44.Beijing correspondent. This is going to be a fairly serious
:17:44. > :17:47.development, what are the Chinese saying? Well, it is. It is a very
:17:47. > :17:54.serious development. What we now know from the Chinese Government
:17:54. > :17:58.themselves, is that right in the sort of dying weeks of the Gaddafi
:17:58. > :18:00.regime, China was hosting representatives here from the
:18:01. > :18:06.Gaddafi Government, although the Chinese Government says it has no
:18:06. > :18:09.knowledge of them, but those, it has admit m -- admitted that
:18:09. > :18:14.Gaddafi representatives came here seeking weapons and they had
:18:14. > :18:18.meetings with three Chinese state controlled arms manufacturers. This
:18:18. > :18:24.admission has been forced out of China, because the end of last week,
:18:24. > :18:29.documents were unearthed in Tripoli, which indicated that these, these
:18:29. > :18:36.talks had taken place, they were unearthed by a newspaper from
:18:36. > :18:40.Canada which said that $200 million worth of arms deals were discussed,
:18:40. > :18:45.including rocket launchers. Missile, possibly ground-to-air missiles and
:18:45. > :18:49.the three Chinese companies offered to sell their entire stockpiles.
:18:49. > :18:53.What is significant about this is that a UN arms embargo was in place
:18:53. > :18:57.at the time which China signed up to. China is now saying those
:18:57. > :19:00.meetings did take place, those representatives were here but the
:19:00. > :19:05.Chinese Government says it knew nothing about them. No deals were
:19:05. > :19:09.signed. No arms were exported and it has added today, that it views
:19:09. > :19:13.this seriously and will follow this up. That may not be enough for the
:19:13. > :19:20.new officials in the new regime, incoming regime in Libya. Thank you
:19:20. > :19:24.very much for that. Now, the United Nations has said that famine has
:19:25. > :19:28.spread into one more region of Somalia. A total of three-quarters
:19:28. > :19:33.of a million people are at risk of death in the next four months if
:19:33. > :19:37.there is no add watt response. The UN says the numbers dying in
:19:37. > :19:43.Somalia's region has passed the threshold to be defined as a famine,
:19:43. > :19:47.and it warns the situation will only get worse in the coming months.
:19:47. > :19:50.Neighbouring countries Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti have been
:19:50. > :19:55.affected by the severe lack of rain. Some 12 million people across the
:19:55. > :20:00.region are said to badly need food aid. Our east Africa correspondent
:20:00. > :20:07.is in Nairobi where the UN have been speaking, and Will, in what
:20:07. > :20:11.way does the UN say this situation is getting worse? Well, it is
:20:11. > :20:16.really painting a picture of generally southern Somalia, slowly
:20:16. > :20:21.moving towards famine. We now have six regions in Somalia, where the
:20:21. > :20:24.conditions the UN says are that of famine, and this region is the
:20:24. > :20:31.latest. We are talking about a threshold that the UN puts in place,
:20:31. > :20:35.this is a certain number of people dying, per 10,000. The malnutrition
:20:35. > :20:40.rates going up and also just a severe lack of food available. And
:20:40. > :20:44.this area, the region, is one of the bread baskets of Somalia, but
:20:44. > :20:49.the recent harvest was so poor, officials say it was the worst
:20:49. > :20:52.harvest in the last 17 years, so the situation, the UN saying, is
:20:52. > :20:57.basically going to get worse. It is not a surprise, you might remember
:20:57. > :21:01.back in June, July, they said there is a rye I -- crisis coming and it
:21:01. > :21:08.will take several months until we get to the peak. But the UN is
:21:08. > :21:12.saying well into next year, the humanitarian response will have to
:21:12. > :21:15.be continuing, obviously the key question is how the get the food
:21:15. > :21:20.into those areas where Al-Shabab is in control. Some aid agencys are
:21:20. > :21:23.getting in there, but the big one, the UN World Food Programme is not,
:21:23. > :21:28.and not enough people are getting the food in southern Somalia.
:21:28. > :21:32.going to ask you more about that political instability, making it
:21:32. > :21:36.harder for humanitarian assistance, I mean, does the UN have to go
:21:36. > :21:41.through complicated negotiations to get it through? Is some getting
:21:41. > :21:45.through? Well, the UN calls it discussions rather than
:21:45. > :21:50.negotiations. They say it is happening at a low level. We know
:21:50. > :21:56.that the World Food Programme is still officially banned by Al-
:21:56. > :21:59.Shabab, but there are smaller organises, that have, for year,
:21:59. > :22:02.been accessing areas controlled by Al-Shabab. They have built up
:22:02. > :22:07.relationships. There seems to be a degree of trust, that movement of
:22:07. > :22:10.the food is continuing, but as I say, it is not on the scale that is
:22:10. > :22:14.needed, and if the World Food Programme were able to deliver food,
:22:14. > :22:18.some people think that, you know, the heart of the crisis could be
:22:18. > :22:23.torn out in a matter of days, if they were given that access,
:22:23. > :22:27.because they have such a large operation, and the capability of
:22:27. > :22:31.putting a lot of food in place. At the same time some organisations
:22:31. > :22:35.are looking longer terms because the rains are due in a few weeks
:22:35. > :22:42.time, and while that will bring some good news for the farmers,
:22:42. > :22:47.there is also the fear of disease increasing with that rain. Thank
:22:47. > :22:51.you for giving us an update on what the UN is saying about famine in
:22:51. > :22:54.Somalia. Now the other major developments making the headline.
:22:54. > :22:58.Now, many Governments round the world have long used positive
:22:58. > :23:02.discrimination as a way of helping disadvantaged groups in their
:23:02. > :23:06.society. And it can take many forms. It often has a degree of
:23:06. > :23:14.controversy about it. In India, a recently released fip has caused
:23:14. > :23:24.something of a stir because it deals with the issue of caste
:23:24. > :23:27.
:23:27. > :23:31.reservations in the education With an all star cast headed by a
:23:31. > :23:37.screen veteran it has been making headlines since its release because
:23:37. > :23:42.of its subject matter. The film looks at India's century old caste
:23:42. > :23:46.system. A social hierarchy which places people into different class
:23:46. > :23:51.categories based on family back ground. It deals with the sensitive
:23:51. > :23:56.issue of affirmtive action for lower castes. Are you trying to
:23:56. > :24:06.accuse me of being a casteist? states tried to ban the film but
:24:06. > :24:11.its director believes it is an issue that needs to be discussed.
:24:11. > :24:17.49.5% of all higher education seats and Government jobs, are reserved
:24:17. > :24:20.for certain class and caste of society. Which has created a lot of
:24:20. > :24:27.turmoil, and you know new kind of pain, I mean the pain of the
:24:27. > :24:30.society which has been sub Jew Kate gate -- subjugated and oppressed.
:24:30. > :24:37.Affirmative action has been taken but that has created so much pain
:24:37. > :24:41.in the rest of society. This system of quotas is known as reservation
:24:41. > :24:47.in Hindi. It was row deuced to ensure everyone in India has access
:24:47. > :24:51.to the same opportunities. These two are studying the same course
:24:51. > :24:57.but even though she scored higher she struggled to get a place
:24:57. > :25:01.because she is from a higher caste: I scored 81 in my exam. I think is
:25:01. > :25:04.a pretty good score to get in college. I couldn't get in because
:25:05. > :25:08.of the reservation. I mean, the people, I mean the students who
:25:09. > :25:14.scored lower than me, the grade marks were really low, and they got
:25:14. > :25:18.into and walked in the college, just because they were minorities.
:25:18. > :25:23.He has benefit fromed from the quota, he says he has had it harder
:25:23. > :25:28.because of his family's history and that is why he believes
:25:28. > :25:32.reservations are needed. There is still not equal opportunities to
:25:32. > :25:36.come up and explore the world, so there is a need of us being
:25:37. > :25:41.reservation for us so we can come up and explore the opportunities.
:25:41. > :25:45.This is one of the many statues of the doctor which can be found
:25:45. > :25:49.across the country. He was the architect of India's constitution,
:25:49. > :25:56.and helped introduce quotas or reservations, that was more than 60
:25:56. > :25:59.years ago, so how relevant are they to today's India? Leading
:25:59. > :26:04.commentator says the reservation system is likely to remain in India
:26:04. > :26:12.for many years to come Reservations changed India dramatically, because
:26:12. > :26:18.in a short space of time, what it has done is giving the lore -- low
:26:18. > :26:22.e caste the opportunities. It is still relevant, because we still an
:26:22. > :26:27.unequal society. Although caste isn't observed as much as it was
:26:27. > :26:32.hundreds of years ago it is still part of Indian society. Supporters
:26:32. > :26:37.say it provide a level playing field. Others say it is creating
:26:37. > :26:43.inequalities of its own. And that report brings us to the end of this