:00:02. > :00:08.Hello. Tonight in a special edition of Inside Out East Midlands, we
:00:08. > :00:11.investigate transport - the future and the past. Coming up in the next
:00:11. > :00:17.half hour: Falling out of love with the car. Research reveals who is
:00:17. > :00:23.driving and who is not. What has changed attitude-wise is everyone
:00:23. > :00:26.gave up. No-one cares about cars any more. Also tonight: eight
:00:26. > :00:33.months on, controversy still reigns over Nottingham's tax on workplace
:00:33. > :00:39.parking. It is outrageous. If people have a little place outside
:00:39. > :00:49.their business, they should be able to park for themselves.
:00:49. > :01:02.
:01:02. > :01:06.How did you travel today and how will you travel tomorrow? The
:01:06. > :01:09.chances are you will drive or be driven. We have had exclusive
:01:09. > :01:15.access to a major piece of research published today which suggests that
:01:15. > :01:18.for some, our love affair with the car is going cold. Richard Westcott
:01:18. > :01:28.has been investigating the figures and asking what it means for the
:01:28. > :01:29.
:01:29. > :01:35.people who have to plan our Building roads is controversial but
:01:35. > :01:39.not building them could be controversial too. So, how do the
:01:39. > :01:46.planners get it right? How do they decide whether to spend our taxes
:01:46. > :01:53.on road or rail? The only way you can ever be sure it is to beam
:01:53. > :01:56.yourself into the future and we all know how easy that is. When these
:01:56. > :02:03.fans were watching their favourite series back in the '60s, we thought
:02:03. > :02:08.we knew how we would be travelling by 2012. There was talk of having a
:02:08. > :02:13.little personal car that flew. sci-fi got it wrong. Most of us get
:02:13. > :02:17.around now the same way we did 50 years ago. Having your own jet pack
:02:18. > :02:24.remains a distant dream. Ever since I can remember, we have assumed
:02:24. > :02:34.that traffic will get worse and worse. After all, we really love
:02:34. > :02:36.
:02:36. > :02:39.our cars, don't we? Maybe not. Whisper it, but there is a rumour
:02:39. > :02:44.going around transport circles that we are falling out of love with our
:02:44. > :02:51.four wheels. In fact, they have even given it a name, Peak Car.
:02:51. > :02:55.What is Peak Car? Just look at UK traffic growth in the '60s and '70s
:02:55. > :03:05.when we could not get enough cars, but by the '90s, the trend was
:03:05. > :03:05.
:03:05. > :03:09.slowing and by 2002, average mileage per person stalled. Is the
:03:09. > :03:11.love affair with the car cooling down? What seems to be happening in
:03:11. > :03:15.many advanced countries, including even America, is that traffic
:03:15. > :03:25.growth due to car use simply is not going ahead at the same rate that
:03:25. > :03:31.it used to. Now Inside Out has been given the first piece of research
:03:31. > :03:34.into Peak Car in the UK and this report is full of surprises. While
:03:34. > :03:42.some of us are driving more than ever, others are dramatically
:03:42. > :03:46.changing the way they travel. Take young men, for example. When I was
:03:46. > :03:52.young, I could not wait to get my hands on the keys to my dad's Mark4
:03:52. > :03:55.1.6L T reg Ford Cortina with reversing lights. Like a lot of
:03:55. > :04:03.young men, I saw getting my driving license as a rite of passage but
:04:03. > :04:08.that is changing. Market trader Lee Vernon is 19 but he will not be
:04:08. > :04:11.adding to the traffic around Mansfield any time soon. He has
:04:11. > :04:19.been forced to sell up because he has been quoted �2,800 to insure
:04:19. > :04:27.his three-wheeler. I really love it. It is a great looking car, a
:04:27. > :04:31.classic, but insurance is too much and I cannot afford it.
:04:31. > :04:37.research shows Lee is not alone. Young men are driving 2,000 miles a
:04:37. > :04:44.year less than they were in 1995. Women, young and old, are driving
:04:44. > :04:47.more than they used to, so what is going on? What has changed
:04:47. > :04:49.attitude-wise is everyone gave up and got used to using Facebook and
:04:49. > :04:59.phones, and sitting around, or using public transport that no-one
:04:59. > :04:59.
:04:59. > :05:03.cares about cars any more. One of the big things from this report is
:05:03. > :05:05.that young men are not driving much and there are a number of possible
:05:05. > :05:08.explanations for that, including rising higher education and
:05:09. > :05:18.insurance costs but if that carries on, there will be a lot less car
:05:19. > :05:20.
:05:20. > :05:26.traffic and a lot less car What else has the report found?
:05:26. > :05:29.This is the rainy 716 from Warwick Parkway to Marylebone. Over the
:05:29. > :05:36.last two years, the numbers using this line have gone up by a
:05:36. > :05:40.staggering 40%. And according to the report, that is in line with
:05:40. > :05:45.the national trend. Since the mid- 90s, the distance the average
:05:45. > :05:51.person travels by rail has soared by more than 60%. The last time the
:05:51. > :05:54.trains were that busy was during the war. The key growth we have
:05:54. > :06:01.seen is in two areas. One is business travel in the morning and
:06:01. > :06:03.the other is leisure travel, where travel has become cheaper. At the
:06:03. > :06:10.same time fuel prices are increasing, congestion is
:06:10. > :06:15.increasing so that value equation is tilting in the favour of rail.
:06:15. > :06:21.And all those gadgets mean you can work and play on the move. You can
:06:21. > :06:24.even book your ticket on the train, if you can get a signal that is.
:06:24. > :06:32.While business travel by rail is up, company car mileage is down by 40%
:06:32. > :06:36.between 1995 and 2007, so that is before the recession. Scrapping tax
:06:36. > :06:41.breaks made the difference and it has had a big impact on traffic in
:06:41. > :06:44.London. Despite more people moving to the capital, there are fewer
:06:44. > :06:50.cars here, but the report found people in the countryside seem to
:06:50. > :06:56.be driving as much if not more than ever. Of course, in big cities you
:06:56. > :06:59.do have a lot of options for getting around. Fairfax Hall runs a
:06:59. > :07:04.London company making specialist gin and vodka and thinks he has
:07:04. > :07:08.distilled the perfect formula for company travel. Whenever they need
:07:08. > :07:18.a car or van, they book it from a car club and pick it up from a
:07:18. > :07:19.
:07:19. > :07:22.designated car park space 15 minutes later. Like a lot of small
:07:22. > :07:26.start-up businesses, you do not have a lot of money, so we invested
:07:26. > :07:31.everything we had into the distillery. Investing money into a
:07:31. > :07:35.van did not seem like good use of capital. It is low cost and the
:07:35. > :07:45.other benefit is flexibility. You can jump into a brand-new vehicle
:07:45. > :07:45.
:07:45. > :07:49.and drive it at 15 minutes notice. So here is a question - what does
:07:49. > :07:54.all this research mean for the future you of the UK car industry?
:07:54. > :07:58.We have had a bit of a boom recently. The UK is actually on
:07:58. > :08:05.course to produce more cars than at any time since 1972, but that's not
:08:05. > :08:12.because we are all buying ourselves a new motor. 80% are being exported.
:08:12. > :08:14.These Minis are heading for Asia and South America. Last month in
:08:14. > :08:22.London at the RAC's future car challenge, another famous sci-fi
:08:23. > :08:28.face was in no doubt what the future holds. What is happening now
:08:28. > :08:32.is a huge challenge for the car industry. I do not see that the car
:08:32. > :08:35.will come to the end, they are too useful but we need to rethink the
:08:35. > :08:42.model of how we use the car and electric cars are very much part of
:08:42. > :08:46.that because it makes much more sense in a city. You have somewhere
:08:46. > :08:49.to park it where it is always charged, ready to use. It is not
:08:49. > :08:51.just the car industry that will look at this research. The
:08:51. > :08:54.Department for Transport is planning a major role building
:08:54. > :09:02.programme all based on the assumption that traffic will go up
:09:02. > :09:04.by 44% over the next two decades. But what if they have got it wrong?
:09:04. > :09:12.After all, since 1989, successive governments have overestimated
:09:12. > :09:18.traffic growth. This is the range of predictions and the red line is
:09:18. > :09:22.what is actually happening. There is always a risk forecasts will be
:09:22. > :09:27.wrong but the key thing the model does is takes a wide set of data
:09:28. > :09:31.and ensures that it is rigourously analysed. There is a lot of useful
:09:31. > :09:36.things in this research to look at, but I am not convinced it shows we
:09:36. > :09:40.have reached Peak Car. government points out that the UK
:09:40. > :09:43.population is projected to grow by another 10 million in the next 25
:09:43. > :09:52.years and the RAC foundation, who helped fund the report, says that
:09:52. > :09:56.means we are still going to need more roads. This is not the end of
:09:56. > :09:59.the car. The use of the car has been declining but for 70% of the
:09:59. > :10:03.population, people will need to use cars unless they have railways and
:10:03. > :10:07.buses available, and most do not have those things. Almost half a
:10:07. > :10:14.century ago when Star Trek started, this is what we thought travel in
:10:14. > :10:19.the 23rd century might look like and it is pure '60s. It goes to
:10:19. > :10:24.show just how hard it is to predict the future. The danger is you end
:10:24. > :10:30.up assuming it is a bigger version of what we have today. The motor
:10:30. > :10:35.car has been the transport story of the last 50 years. But it just
:10:35. > :10:45.might not be the transport story of the next 50. What does this button
:10:45. > :10:46.
:10:46. > :10:55.If you would like to find out how car use is changing across the
:10:55. > :10:58.Just how do towns and cities in the East Midlands tackle traffic
:10:58. > :11:02.congestion and how much should we pay for expensive public transport
:11:02. > :11:05.projects? Earlier this year, Nottingham launched a highly
:11:05. > :11:15.controversial scheme that has managed to upset drivers, commuters
:11:15. > :11:21.
:11:21. > :11:24.Back in April, Nottingham City Council made history. They did not
:11:24. > :11:27.quite tax the street but got close, slapping a hefty levy on workplace
:11:27. > :11:37.parking spaces and became the only council in the country to tackle
:11:37. > :11:40.congestion this way. We thought the levy was the best option for
:11:40. > :11:42.Nottingham. We decided against congestion charges and decided to
:11:42. > :11:49.introduce the level to provide that local contribution to match against
:11:50. > :11:52.the �0.5 billion the Government is putting in to our transport network.
:11:52. > :11:56.It may well be changing behaviour, encouraging more people from their
:11:56. > :12:06.cars onto the buses and trams, but it is a struggle to find support
:12:06. > :12:06.
:12:06. > :12:13.for this new tax. It is outrageous. If people have a little place
:12:13. > :12:16.outside their business, they should be able to park for themselves.
:12:16. > :12:21.is not helping anybody and it is making things more difficult for
:12:21. > :12:24.people. All it will do is drive businesses away from Nottingham.
:12:24. > :12:34.think it will provide a lot of revenue for the council and
:12:34. > :12:46.
:12:46. > :12:49.A small crew in a car equipped with cameras polices the levy. It is
:12:49. > :12:56.their job to ensure employers with more than 11 spaces pay the �288
:12:56. > :13:06.per bay to the council. Some suspect the cameras may be a stunt,
:13:06. > :13:07.
:13:07. > :13:09.just a high-profile deterrent. car is equipped with cameras. It
:13:09. > :13:17.takes pictures and certainly our experience on bus lane enforcement,
:13:17. > :13:20.there is definitely something going on inside. We have seen the car
:13:20. > :13:23.that is designed to enforce the levy with the cameras on the top
:13:23. > :13:33.drive around on a couple of occasions. We feel very much Big
:13:33. > :13:37.
:13:37. > :13:43.Brother and we are not happy about Steve Walker runs Art Systems based
:13:43. > :13:47.a few miles out of the city on an industrial estate. He refuses to
:13:47. > :13:54.pay the levy and parks his car on the road a few feet from his
:13:54. > :13:57.largely deserted company car park. The estate has become overcrowded
:13:57. > :14:01.with traffic on the roads because there is a migration of cars from
:14:01. > :14:03.the car parks onto the roads around the estate, which has made it quite
:14:03. > :14:12.difficult for the trucks to get around, which has made itcongested
:14:12. > :14:21.and unsafe. Steve's company grudgingly meets half the levy.
:14:21. > :14:24.Some of his staff pay. Others do not. I have chosen to park on the
:14:24. > :14:31.road in principle, because I feel that this is an unfair tax on
:14:31. > :14:34.ordinary people going about their ordinary business. We need to make
:14:34. > :14:44.the transport infrastructure investment and there is no other
:14:44. > :14:44.
:14:44. > :14:48.way we can fund the local The levy is set to raise �14
:14:48. > :14:58.million a year to fund an extra tram line and improvements to the
:14:58. > :15:00.
:15:00. > :15:03.railway station. But will it drive business away from the city?
:15:03. > :15:06.have some evidence of businesses that have had to make people
:15:06. > :15:13.redundant in order to pay the levy and reduce their investments,
:15:13. > :15:21.because you can only spend the same money once. And some businesses
:15:21. > :15:26.have left the city. Games Warehouse supply pub quiz machines. Boss
:15:26. > :15:29.Bernard Taylor found he was in the hot seat facing his own killer quiz.
:15:29. > :15:39.Should he pay the levy for his 40- strong workforce, around �7,000,
:15:39. > :15:40.
:15:40. > :15:43.and risk redundancies or move to Derby where parking is free? Once
:15:43. > :15:46.we had assimilated all the facts and understood what the cost would
:15:46. > :15:49.be, it would became an easy question for us to answer and the
:15:49. > :15:58.answer we came up with was to relocate to somewhere where we did
:15:58. > :16:02.not have the same cost base imposed on us by local authorities. We made
:16:03. > :16:06.the right decision and probably got the question right, yes. We have
:16:06. > :16:10.been here for six, seven months and we are very settled here and
:16:10. > :16:14.pleased with the move. Nottingham has lost what we consider a very
:16:14. > :16:17.valuable talent pool. We have 20 or 30 highly educated, very clever,
:16:17. > :16:27.intelligent people within our business who are no longer part of
:16:27. > :16:32.
:16:32. > :16:37.the Nottingham scene. And there are signs that the levy is affecting
:16:37. > :16:41.confidence among some businesses. If we need to expand we will need
:16:41. > :16:44.to take on extra buildings. If we do that, we will take those out of
:16:44. > :16:54.the city limits because we cannot justify working with a council who
:16:54. > :16:55.
:16:55. > :16:58.appears to have little or no interest in local business.
:16:58. > :17:08.there are fans of the levy. Adam Bird cycles to work and so do lots
:17:08. > :17:14.
:17:14. > :17:21.of his staff at a new technology company. They come in via buses,
:17:21. > :17:24.trains, trams, bikes, you name it. Some even walk. People change
:17:24. > :17:31.behaviour and actually appreciate that getting the bus is not that
:17:31. > :17:35.bad. It gives you a better quality of life if you use public transport.
:17:35. > :17:38.You get to work fresher, you leave work fresher and you can enjoy the
:17:38. > :17:42.city as well, rather than just seeing it as a place to leave every
:17:42. > :17:46.day. If we are going to transform Nottingham and improve the mix of
:17:46. > :17:56.businesses in the city, it takes the council to make bold steps like
:17:56. > :18:04.
:18:04. > :18:08.this. The city may well be bold but the big question is will it work?
:18:08. > :18:11.The only other city in the world to try this is over 9,000 miles away
:18:11. > :18:19.in Perth, Australia. So to end this film, we asked Candice Barnes, a
:18:19. > :18:22.reporter in the city, to tell us how it is going Down Under.
:18:22. > :18:26.The parking levy was introduced more than 12 years ago. Now this
:18:26. > :18:32.tax has since made parking in Perth the eighth most expensive in the
:18:32. > :18:36.world, more costly than midtown New York city. This is a high cost time
:18:36. > :18:40.and place in which to do business, and the presence of a parking levy
:18:40. > :18:44.adds another burden to businesses, which at the moment are struggling.
:18:44. > :18:51.We have not seen congestion ease, so it is difficult to see what the
:18:51. > :18:56.point of it was. Parking is shocking. It is too expensive to
:18:56. > :19:02.park in the city, about $35 a day. I do not get a bay and if I do park
:19:02. > :19:05.in the city, I would expect to pay about 25 bucks. The revenue raised
:19:05. > :19:08.promised to ease congestion and support a better transport system.
:19:08. > :19:12.12 years on, and the latter is still in question while the revenue
:19:12. > :19:16.sits in state government coffers. Nottingham, you might want to think
:19:16. > :19:25.again about your parking levy, but I guess it is too late for that.
:19:25. > :19:29.This is Candice Burns for BBC From cars to bicycles and this year
:19:29. > :19:33.marks the 125th anniversary of Raleigh. At its peak the firm
:19:33. > :19:36.employed 12,000 people at its Nottingham factory. Alan Sillitoe
:19:36. > :19:39.wrote about it and now his son, David, is finding that despite
:19:39. > :19:49.moving production to the Far East, the brand will always be associated
:19:49. > :19:55.
:19:55. > :20:03.with the city where it has shaped Raleigh is the greatest cycle
:20:03. > :20:07.There was a time when this bike would have been made here, Lenton
:20:07. > :20:15.in Nottingham. At the Raleigh factory, which was on this site,
:20:15. > :20:18.they used to produce 1 million bikes a year. Families worked there,
:20:18. > :20:23.big families. In our department, you had five or six brothers
:20:23. > :20:26.sometimes working from the same family together. You could go into
:20:26. > :20:33.a frame shop and see brass boiling where frames were being dipped into
:20:33. > :20:37.it to seal the joints. It was wonderful. There was huge talent
:20:37. > :20:40.here, some of the skills we have had, it made it very humbling and
:20:40. > :20:50.as a graduate coming into the business, you were very quickly
:20:50. > :20:52.
:20:52. > :20:56.brought down to size. Of course Raleigh's bikes are now made in the
:20:56. > :21:01.Far East. Because it is cheaper to make them there than here. But
:21:01. > :21:04.Raleigh's reputation as a global brand was made in Nottingham. It
:21:04. > :21:11.was the people of this city who turned it into the world-famous
:21:11. > :21:14.name in cycling that it is to day. But how did a tiny business from a
:21:14. > :21:20.Nottingham backstreet get known all around the world for making the
:21:20. > :21:30.best bicycles money could buy? And what is the future for the firm now
:21:30. > :21:33.
:21:33. > :21:37.These buildings are a credit to the city. They have won awards for
:21:38. > :21:40.their design and environmental credentials. They are part of the
:21:40. > :21:49.University of Nottingham, a 21st- century campus built to educate a
:21:49. > :21:53.21st-century workforce. But this site was once home to a very
:21:53. > :21:59.different kind of workforce. At its height, 12,000 people were making
:21:59. > :22:04.bikes here and one of them was Harry Hardy. From school, a lot of
:22:04. > :22:11.friends went there. You didn't know what you had let yourself in full,
:22:11. > :22:19.but it was very friendly. A friend of mine was in the same class as me
:22:19. > :22:27.in school. He was in the buffing department, buffing wheels. Dust
:22:27. > :22:37.was indescribable. And naturally, not many of them retired because of
:22:37. > :22:39.
:22:39. > :22:42.the effects of the dust on their chest. When Harry worked here,
:22:42. > :22:45.Raleigh were selling bikes to 144 countries around the world, quite
:22:45. > :22:49.an achievement for a firm that started out with only three
:22:49. > :22:54.employees. It was called Woodhead, Angois & Ellis after the three men
:22:54. > :23:00.that were running it. Paul Angois was an engineer, Richard Woodhead a
:23:00. > :23:03.mechanic and William Ellis a financier. The fortunes of these
:23:03. > :23:12.men changed when one day in 1887, a lawyer walked into their workshop
:23:12. > :23:15.and bought one of their bikes. That lawyer was Frank Bowden. He was so
:23:15. > :23:18.impressed with the bike they sold them that he bought the company. A
:23:18. > :23:24.year later he founded the Raleigh cycle company, named after the
:23:24. > :23:29.street their workshop was on. John McNaughtan joined Raleigh as a
:23:29. > :23:34.graduate in 1965 and ended up running the place. What was the
:23:34. > :23:37.secret of their success? Raleigh really has been created by the many
:23:37. > :23:43.thousands and thousands that have worked for Raleigh and felt a sense
:23:43. > :23:49.of identification with the product. The spirit that was in Nottingham
:23:49. > :23:55.that went into Raleigh. What did they bring? A total dedication to
:23:55. > :23:59.the product, identification with A huge factory, a huge impact on
:23:59. > :24:04.the city, but what amazes me is when you come to Nottingham today,
:24:04. > :24:06.you have to look hard to see any evidence that Raleigh was ever here.
:24:06. > :24:12.They have invited Harry and the other former Raleigh workers to
:24:12. > :24:18.talk about the factory that was here before the university. When it
:24:18. > :24:28.is done it goes on a conveyor belt? No. From there, from that, it went
:24:28. > :24:29.
:24:29. > :24:35.to the bench where you finished bracing there. I think it is part
:24:35. > :24:42.of the city and the history of the city. I have just discovered that
:24:42. > :24:46.the factory was here on campus. That is one student who has learned
:24:46. > :24:49.something from these former workers. But there is more to be done. So
:24:49. > :24:56.the university has commissioned a play to tell the story and
:24:56. > :24:59.tonight's event offers the director an opportunity to research material.
:24:59. > :25:03.One of the guys I was talking to was there on the very last day,
:25:03. > :25:06.when Raleigh closed its doors. He was one of the 200-odd employees
:25:06. > :25:10.who received a thank you mug as the doors were finally closed, so that
:25:10. > :25:20.was great to find one of the 200- odd people left in Nottingham that
:25:20. > :25:20.
:25:20. > :25:23.Geoff was also made redundant in 2003 when Raleigh closed the plant.
:25:24. > :25:33.It was a massive blow to the city but an inevitable result of years
:25:34. > :25:35.
:25:35. > :25:38.of decline. You could see the workforce decline. You'd ask,
:25:38. > :25:44."Where is so-and-so?" "They finished him on Sunday." "Why?"
:25:44. > :25:47.That was the constant feedback. They are buying it in now.
:25:47. > :25:52.decline started in the early '70s, but Raleigh managed to hold on for
:25:52. > :25:55.another 20 years. One of the reasons was the Raleigh Chopper.
:25:55. > :26:02.Geoff worked in the department that developed it, but the Chopper was
:26:02. > :26:08.not the only product to come out of Raleigh. Anybody that was doing a
:26:08. > :26:14.little work for themselves on the side, was doing a bit of a Jago. I
:26:14. > :26:20.once saw a chap welding some steel together to make a wheelbarrow. I
:26:20. > :26:26.myself made quite a few items, including a grandfather clock.
:26:26. > :26:36.is the first night of the play. you keep your stuff behind the bar?
:26:36. > :26:42.
:26:43. > :26:51.Are you excited? I am. A little bit nervous. I can't do anything about
:26:51. > :26:54.it now, it is just sitting there When you went out onto town, you
:26:54. > :27:04.could tell the girls that worked out Raleigh by the smell of their
:27:04. > :27:05.
:27:05. > :27:15.Harry, what did you think? I think they have done a marvellous job.
:27:15. > :27:16.
:27:16. > :27:23.Marvellous. It depicts the factory as it was. Excellent. What keeps
:27:23. > :27:27.England going is export and Raleigh had its export. Throughout its 125
:27:27. > :27:32.year history, Raleigh has been bought and sold half a dozen times.
:27:32. > :27:38.The latest owner is the Dutch bicycle company Accell. What is the
:27:38. > :27:41.future for Raleigh now? It may be linked to its past. I think they
:27:41. > :27:45.bought it for reasons of its heritage and what they think they
:27:45. > :27:54.can bring it back into being as it is in Holland and Germany, perhaps.
:27:54. > :27:58.A bit of Cool Britannia for Europe? Maybe. The company it bought is
:27:58. > :28:06.nothing like the one my father worked for and wrote about in the
:28:06. > :28:09.1950s. Sadly those days are long gone, but the name Raleigh still
:28:10. > :28:19.evokes quality thanks to the men and women of this city, my father
:28:19. > :28:23.among them, and it is something we Happy anniversary, Raleigh, and
:28:23. > :28:29.that is it from Nottingham, the city it helped put on the map. We