:00:08. > :00:14.Hello from Stanford in Lincolnshire, coming up in the next half`hour,
:00:15. > :00:20.claims that cannabis can even affect your IQ, so how bad back why are
:00:21. > :00:26.people still smoking skunk? It is not unusual for us to see people
:00:27. > :00:36.smoking 20, 30 joined today, sometimes even 50 joints a day. With
:00:37. > :00:40.through! Yes! Also tonight, the countdown has begun, but will
:00:41. > :00:45.Lester's bid to become UK City of Culture Mickey difference? It is a
:00:46. > :00:50.chance to let other people know what we already know, that Lester really
:00:51. > :00:58.is a City of Culture. In the story of the steam engine that still holds
:00:59. > :01:01.a world record. The experience on the footplate, sparks coming out of
:01:02. > :01:08.a chimney and a roar of the engine must have been amazing. This is
:01:09. > :01:20.Inside Out is Midlands. Ass`mac is Midlands. `` East Midlands.
:01:21. > :01:26.How dangerous is smoking skunk? Inside Out has discovered the number
:01:27. > :01:30.of people in the East Midlands receiving treatment for smoking
:01:31. > :01:35.cannabis has almost doubled in the past few years. Experts say the
:01:36. > :01:39.skunk on sale now has been bred to make users as high as possible and
:01:40. > :01:51.that can seriously damage their mental health. Police! Growing
:01:52. > :01:57.cannabis is illegal, as is smoking the plant, but millions do it. We
:01:58. > :02:04.are now practically self`sufficient. It is grown in backyards. We have a
:02:05. > :02:09.generation of people, 15 to 25`year`olds Gold, who have never
:02:10. > :02:13.known anything but skunk cannabis. A strong form of cannabis is called
:02:14. > :02:18.skunk. It was as desperate as watching any drug addicts trying to
:02:19. > :02:23.get their fix. I think there is eating time bomb in the committee.
:02:24. > :02:30.Long`term use as bunk is going to have an impact on their health. With
:02:31. > :02:33.the strong form of cannabis in plentiful supply, the experts are
:02:34. > :02:42.really concerned that the health message about skunk isn't getting
:02:43. > :02:47.through. The Derbyshire police drug store, where cannabis seizures end
:02:48. > :02:51.up. This is the only stuff youngsters can get now. It is
:02:52. > :02:59.skunk, the female flower on top of a cannabis plant. Steve home has spent
:03:00. > :03:05.most of his career fighting the illegal drugs trade. He has seen big
:03:06. > :03:08.changes in the cannabis market. They have become self`sufficient so
:03:09. > :03:12.rather than try to intercept cannabis at the port, the police now
:03:13. > :03:16.have responsibility of policing the production of cannabis. It has
:03:17. > :03:23.become a bigger problem for them to handle. Jacob is 20, and his friend
:03:24. > :03:26.Jackson is 18. They are students in Nottingham. They've smoked skunk
:03:27. > :03:36.regularly since their mid`teens, even though it is illegal. They find
:03:37. > :03:42.it relaxing. You could walk down the main street and someone will
:03:43. > :03:49.probably pull up in a car and Askew. Each day, someone comes up to me and
:03:50. > :03:53.asks if I want a smoke, the amount of people who drive around and are
:03:54. > :03:59.offering it is massive, but that's probably because loads of people
:04:00. > :04:03.wanted. Even in more upper`class areas, stuff like that happens all
:04:04. > :04:07.the time. There is the classic line, do you have a Rizla? And then,
:04:08. > :04:21.do you smoke weed? Paranoia is intense. You think
:04:22. > :04:23.everyone is talking about you, close friends, family. It is quite a scary
:04:24. > :04:33.thing. Alex now helps other people with
:04:34. > :04:40.drug and alcohol problems, but in her teens, skunk locker live in the
:04:41. > :04:44.wrong direction. I now have a degree of paranoia still, I've watched
:04:45. > :04:48.people falling out with each other and accusing people of this and that
:04:49. > :04:53.and questioning friendships that have been around for a long time. It
:04:54. > :04:57.didn't kind of clicked that it was to do with cannabis and it didn't
:04:58. > :05:04.make sense, there was no rationalisation behind it. If things
:05:05. > :05:12.get bad, they can come to our in patient psychiatric resort here. It
:05:13. > :05:16.can get that bad? Yes. Across the East Midlands, there has been a big
:05:17. > :05:20.rise in users getting help for mental health problems. The number
:05:21. > :05:26.of people needing help has doubled in a six`year pay `` period. David
:05:27. > :05:30.Manley is a consultant mental health nurse to based here at the region's
:05:31. > :05:37.in`patient unit for drugs and alcohol misuse. We are seeing much
:05:38. > :05:47.stronger skunk around. It is hybridised, much higher than CHC ``
:05:48. > :05:52.THC, which causes the trippy attack. It is not unusual for us to see
:05:53. > :05:56.people smoking 20 to 30 join date and sometimes people smoking over 50
:05:57. > :06:03.joints a day sometimes even 60 joints a day. The main risk I see
:06:04. > :06:07.when it comes to cannabis is that you can spend a lot of time sitting
:06:08. > :06:13.smoking and doing nothing, so it is all down to self`control.
:06:14. > :06:26.Self`control and personal responsibility. It is such a hot
:06:27. > :06:30.topic, this conference as Nottingham Trent University focused on
:06:31. > :06:34.cannabis. Professor Robin Murray is a national expert on the mental
:06:35. > :06:37.health impact, and along with psychosis he is worried that
:06:38. > :06:44.teenagers who smoked daily are harming their ability to learn.
:06:45. > :06:50.There is one good but single study suggesting that if you abuse at
:06:51. > :06:54.London's `` cannabis in your adolescence you may lose IQ points.
:06:55. > :06:58.We know some people are vulnerable and some people aren't, so there are
:06:59. > :07:03.particular gene types that makes some people more vulnerable to going
:07:04. > :07:11.psychotic when the user cannabis than others. I definitely wouldn't
:07:12. > :07:17.smoke cannabis if I had a pretty little to schizophrenia. I would
:07:18. > :07:26.advise people to do, because the risk is high with that disposition.
:07:27. > :07:31.We also see some people to take a relatively small amount on in
:07:32. > :07:35.frequent basis but develop significant anxiety problems, and
:07:36. > :07:39.that has a knock`on effect on their mental health. In the Netherlands,
:07:40. > :07:45.where they are more liberal about cannabis, we are looking at
:07:46. > :07:51.classifying skunk alongside heroin, so it is a controlled illegal drug.
:07:52. > :07:55.There are concerns about the medical impact of skunk, especially an young
:07:56. > :08:01.people, and that is why there is a debate going on about whether it
:08:02. > :08:09.would be more appropriate to pacify it `` to classify it among drugs.
:08:10. > :08:13.Young people are getting a confused message about the impact of skunk on
:08:14. > :08:19.their lives and the skunk available now is having an impact sooner on
:08:20. > :08:23.their lives. Nottingham's crime and drugs partnership is working with a
:08:24. > :08:29.number of services to reduce impacts of cannabis, and notes that some
:08:30. > :08:34.users have no idea their lethargy, anxiety and paranoia is down to
:08:35. > :08:38.their habit. We have seen a significant increase with the number
:08:39. > :08:40.of people referred for treatment. We know they will be dumb in the long
:08:41. > :08:51.term, we it will impact on their eyes to
:08:52. > :08:58.scores. There are people who will have psychotic episode later on in
:08:59. > :09:05.life. Many teenagers who smoke will simply say you're being alarmist.
:09:06. > :09:10.There is real evidence behind our message, and the long`term impact
:09:11. > :09:15.here is substantial. Should we be worried about the impact on young
:09:16. > :09:21.people? We haven't engage with young people, we have only said don't take
:09:22. > :09:24.rugs, it is bad, and then they go out and experiment, they don't
:09:25. > :09:30.necessarily get a bad experience and then they ignore those messages
:09:31. > :09:36.because they say it is rubbish. The average 14`year`old does not worry
:09:37. > :09:39.if a drug is class a or class B. If they had a proper education about
:09:40. > :09:45.the different types of cannabis and the risks of heavy skunk use, then I
:09:46. > :09:50.think we would see a change. I'm not ashamed that I smoke cannabis. It is
:09:51. > :09:57.the same with paracetamol, any drug, if you misuse of those bad for
:09:58. > :10:02.you. On average it is 12 years before a regular cannabis user seeks
:10:03. > :10:06.treatment. I worry about the fact it is so readily available and it is
:10:07. > :10:11.the norm to people, and that is quite scary. But Jacob and Jackson
:10:12. > :10:17.believe they know what they are doing. I imagined when I am retired
:10:18. > :10:25.and old I will probably enjoy it as a creature comfort. Still to come
:10:26. > :10:27.tonight, we're on that train that steamed into the record books 75
:10:28. > :10:37.years ago. They say it will put Leicester on
:10:38. > :10:42.the map, showcasing its culture and regenerating the economy. Next
:10:43. > :10:46.month, those bidding to become the UK's City of Culture will find out
:10:47. > :10:50.who has clinched that title, what would it mean if Leicester one? We
:10:51. > :10:58.have excuse of Access behind`the`scenes. We're through.
:10:59. > :11:10.Yes! Euphoria in June as Leicester made it onto the government short
:11:11. > :11:15.list of four cities. It has given us the opportunity to let people know
:11:16. > :11:24.this `` that Leicester is the City of Culture. We have Richard III and
:11:25. > :11:29.amazing different aspects of our history that will make the perfect
:11:30. > :11:34.story. That will showcase it to the rest of the world. Would winning
:11:35. > :11:46.actually change the future of the city? How much effort is going on
:11:47. > :11:52.behind the scene to make it happen? It started when the team visited the
:11:53. > :11:56.first and current UK City of Culture, Londonderry `` Derry
:11:57. > :12:02.Londonderry. This was the start of a 36 hour performance, orchestrated by
:12:03. > :12:10.the man who scripted the London Olympics opening ceremony. The bid
:12:11. > :12:16.team come from a variety of backgrounds, cultural and political.
:12:17. > :12:24.It is a hit at nuts and bolts, how the funding works. It is also seeing
:12:25. > :12:29.the look on people pass might faces and the intrigue people have in what
:12:30. > :12:35.is going to happen. `` people 's faces. For years the image of the
:12:36. > :12:42.city in Northern Ireland was one of conflict, but it beat three other
:12:43. > :12:46.places to become the UK City of Culture, an idea backed either
:12:47. > :12:50.government. When they were awarded City of Culture, the judges
:12:51. > :12:56.described it as a cultural tooled ring the community together. Areas
:12:57. > :13:01.of the city have been transformed, including the construction of the
:13:02. > :13:11.peace Bridge. The title is meant to stimulate economic and social
:13:12. > :13:17.growth. This is one of the ways, attracting tourists through major
:13:18. > :13:23.national event. It has not been plain sailing. The coach company who
:13:24. > :13:32.ran the year fell short of sponsorship and had to cancel event
:13:33. > :13:35.will stop `` the company. The team have joined delegates from the
:13:36. > :13:42.European cities trying to learn from the experience of Derry Londonderry.
:13:43. > :13:47.It was about telling a news story about the city and changing the
:13:48. > :13:51.conversation. With no financial contribution from the UK government,
:13:52. > :14:00.there is a lot to think about. What we have learned from them, they were
:14:01. > :14:07.late to start, and they did not have clear guidance, where to go, and
:14:08. > :14:12.having sponsorship raised. To have a cohesive land to bring marketing,
:14:13. > :14:18.programming, transport and the community together, said that there
:14:19. > :14:22.is a vision to work towards. Hosting the year is a potential Mac that the
:14:23. > :14:28.media coverage and a chance to present a different side of the
:14:29. > :14:31.city. The big question is of legacy and whether Derry will continue to
:14:32. > :14:40.thrive when it is no longer in the spotlight. It has been five years
:14:41. > :14:47.since Liverpool has been in the spotlight as European capital of
:14:48. > :14:54.culture. You have to keep watching the programme. It was the Merseyside
:14:55. > :15:00.media mogul 's idea to have a UK version of the title. The reason I
:15:01. > :15:06.put it forward to the government was because I had seen the impact of
:15:07. > :15:14.what it had done in Liverpool, so why wait for the European award, why
:15:15. > :15:28.not have a UK award? And building up excitement around the project. Do
:15:29. > :15:33.you feel Liverpool has changed? The biggest change 2008 brought about
:15:34. > :15:40.was not the hard investment and infrastructure, which was easily
:15:41. > :15:45.welcome. It was not any great number of jobs created, there were not. The
:15:46. > :15:50.issue was that we had forgotten who we were. The great tradition of
:15:51. > :16:01.culture, entertainment, creativity, and that brought it all back. Back
:16:02. > :16:03.in Leicester it is late August and there are passionate discussions
:16:04. > :16:10.about which programme ideas should make it into the bid. It seems to me
:16:11. > :16:18.that the outdoor spectacular is one of the wings that `` one of the
:16:19. > :16:26.things that makes us distinct. It has to be an accessible destination.
:16:27. > :16:31.They are keen on the city being inclusive, and the perceptions of
:16:32. > :16:35.religious tolerance. I think we have wandered away from what makes us
:16:36. > :16:42.unique. It is hard. A lot of people expect a lot from this. There are a
:16:43. > :16:47.lot of people who want ideas to be considered. A lot of what we try to
:16:48. > :16:54.do is set the framework for how things can be delivered and be
:16:55. > :16:58.success. While the ambition of the Leicester might be grand, hosting a
:16:59. > :17:06.year of cultural programming comes at a cost. The government requires
:17:07. > :17:10.the winning city to spend a minimum of ?10 million, with the
:17:11. > :17:15.responsibility falling on the shoulders of the already stretched
:17:16. > :17:19.city council. Recognising that we have to find the ?10 million and
:17:20. > :17:25.underwrite the bid is not the same as having to find ?10 million to pay
:17:26. > :17:35.for it. I am confident we will have support from the private sector, and
:17:36. > :17:40.national agencies to help. Not everyone is convinced it is the
:17:41. > :17:43.right investment. Ten minutes from the cultural Quarter is the Saint
:17:44. > :17:55.Matthews estate, one of the most deprived in the country. This woman
:17:56. > :18:00.runs the tenants Association and has lived here for 40 years. While she
:18:01. > :18:03.welcomes the idea of the City of Culture, she says there are more
:18:04. > :18:12.pressing issues the council should invest in. It came at the wrong
:18:13. > :18:16.time. When you look at the welfare reform coming in, how can you
:18:17. > :18:22.justify that? When you look at the bedroom tap. People who are
:18:23. > :18:34.homeless. I think it came at the wrong time `` bedroom tax. It is
:18:35. > :18:41.September and the final bid is being sent off in style by a local band.
:18:42. > :18:43.They brought creative ideas and determination that Leicester and
:18:44. > :18:52.Leicestershire will have a need to be proud of. The team are counting
:18:53. > :18:57.down the days. They will be back in Derry in November to pitch against
:18:58. > :19:02.rival cities, including Dundee. If Leicester win, the year as City of
:19:03. > :19:15.Culture will start with a blaze of light, in 2016. We do not mind
:19:16. > :19:22.confessing that we are biased on this one, so good luck, Leicester.
:19:23. > :19:28.This railway line has a special place in history. We are north of
:19:29. > :19:32.Stanford. On the track a world record was set which has not been
:19:33. > :19:45.beaten, 75 years ago. The railway world has celebrated that
:19:46. > :19:48.achievement in style. It was on Mallard that the driver set up a
:19:49. > :19:54.speed record that has not been beaten. The experience as they come
:19:55. > :19:57.out of the tunnel with the sparks flying from the chimney and the roar
:19:58. > :20:04.of the engine, it must have been amazing. As far as they were
:20:05. > :20:14.concerned, it was just another day at work. It is 1938 and Neville
:20:15. > :20:22.Chamberlain declares peace in our time. The high Row has just been
:20:23. > :20:25.invented. This is the best way to travel `` Biro pen. The company with
:20:26. > :20:30.the fastest trains could attract more passengers. What better way
:20:31. > :20:38.than to have the fastest locomotive? It has run the Pacific
:20:39. > :20:44.at 113 and the Germans took the record higher and Sir Nigel Gresley
:20:45. > :20:51.said he thought they could go for 130 mph. Sir Nigel Gresley, the
:20:52. > :20:58.engineer, was from Derbyshire. He grew up here. He lived with his
:20:59. > :21:02.father in the rectory, a vicar. He was looked upon as one of the
:21:03. > :21:09.greatest locomotive engineers ever. He was the chief engineer for the
:21:10. > :21:15.LNER and have the perfect candidate for the steam record, a streamlined
:21:16. > :21:22.a four Pacific called place mat row. It was in the peak of condition, not
:21:23. > :21:28.very old. `` Mallard. It was the ultimate development. It could run
:21:29. > :21:37.hard and fast and do that for a long time. The record attempt was made in
:21:38. > :21:44.secret under the guise of a test on Stoke bank, south of Grantham. It
:21:45. > :21:48.was ideal, straight and for fast running and downhill. A specially
:21:49. > :21:58.equipped carriage recorded the speed. You have a mobile laboratory.
:21:59. > :22:05.It was state`of`the`art technology. They knew the engine was going for
:22:06. > :22:14.it. The experienced driver and fireman were on the footplate. It
:22:15. > :22:16.was a dangerous run. Trying to shovel coal at that speed with
:22:17. > :22:30.vibration and movement, it must have been hair raising. These would have
:22:31. > :22:44.been going haywire. 123 an hour, 124, 125. And they tell me they held
:22:45. > :22:49.their breath. 126 mph. Mallard had done it. 126 miles an hour. The
:22:50. > :22:55.record wrought the locomotive fame around the world. People have said
:22:56. > :23:02.could you not think that Sir Nigel Gresley had put an engine like
:23:03. > :23:09.Silver on the train, why have it named after a duck? The driver and
:23:10. > :23:16.fireman became national heroes. To them it was another day at work. It
:23:17. > :23:21.was, you never guess what we did, we broke the world record today. That
:23:22. > :23:28.was it. He was not a man who looked for the limelight. He was reasonably
:23:29. > :23:38.proud. He was not a man of a lot of fuss. He was ordinary like that.
:23:39. > :23:43.Mallard Paul's express trains until 1963 `` true express trains. It was
:23:44. > :23:49.then sent to a museum. Two other locomotives of its type which it too
:23:50. > :23:56.broad, but most were scrapped. In the 1980s, Mallard steamed again and
:23:57. > :24:02.is now a star exhibit at the National Mall Way Museum. A sign
:24:03. > :24:11.shows where the run took place. `` National Railway Museum. Because we
:24:12. > :24:18.could not use the full`size locomotive, I brought a group to do
:24:19. > :24:24.the re`enactment with models. That model is holding a replica of the
:24:25. > :24:29.train. It is a model, at the speeds they are trying to get to is the
:24:30. > :24:34.equivalent of the record and it is proving difficult to achieve. We do
:24:35. > :24:41.have failures. Just like a real train. We need another ready and
:24:42. > :24:48.prepared. It is nerve wracking to achieve this in front of an
:24:49. > :24:53.impatient public. The real thing is visiting Grantham a few miles from
:24:54. > :25:00.where the record was broken. It is nice to see it in pristine order.
:25:01. > :25:07.They were not as clean as this in my day. This man was a fireman on the
:25:08. > :25:15.locomotive in the 1950s and 1960s. It was hard work. But it was your
:25:16. > :25:24.effort. It was what you put into it that made the locomotive what it
:25:25. > :25:28.was. When you were experienced, a little bit and often in the right
:25:29. > :25:36.places, and you were OK. In its working life, Mallard clocked up a
:25:37. > :25:44.million miles. Many of them on the east Coast mainline. Grantham was
:25:45. > :25:50.where they changed locomotives. They would turn them around. That saved
:25:51. > :26:04.them taking coal to London to do it there. Back at the Museum, they are
:26:05. > :26:11.ready to try again. I do not know what speed it did. As you have seen,
:26:12. > :26:23.we have broken the speed record in model form. We will do it every half
:26:24. > :26:31.an hour for the next two days. The highlight of the year has taken 18
:26:32. > :26:34.months to achieve. There are six surviving similar locomotives and
:26:35. > :26:40.the plan is to get on together for the first time since the end of the
:26:41. > :26:45.steam age. To have been shipped back from Canada and America to be here
:26:46. > :26:50.today. We have been through so much trouble to get it to England. We
:26:51. > :26:57.have two take it out of our specially built building. There were
:26:58. > :27:01.no doors to take it out. We have two have it shipped to Canada and onto a
:27:02. > :27:06.freighter and out here. It took several months. People have come
:27:07. > :27:21.from around the world. Many are old and not to remember place mat row
:27:22. > :27:26.from the steam days. `` Mallard. I am here because I love these
:27:27. > :27:34.locomotives. My son is named after Sir Nigel Gresley. It is something I
:27:35. > :27:38.thought I would not see. I have seen the UK examples, but I did not think
:27:39. > :27:45.I would see the American and Canadian. They are back together,
:27:46. > :27:52.separate `` celebrating the people and the locomotive that broke the
:27:53. > :28:02.record. Sir Nigel Gresley was one of the finest of locomotive engineers,
:28:03. > :28:05.if not the finest in my opinion. He would not be able to comprehend the
:28:06. > :28:11.fuss that is going on for something he did day in, day out, and
:28:12. > :28:18.everybody being here, and being the centre of attention. That would not
:28:19. > :28:22.be his kind of thing. It is the zenith of steam locomotive
:28:23. > :28:30.development in the country, the A4. Nothing can go faster than that and
:28:31. > :28:37.will not go faster than that. It is a record that will stand for all
:28:38. > :28:45.time. That is it for the autumn series. We will be back in January.
:28:46. > :28:51.If you have a story, contact me at...