:00:12. > :00:18.This week and in Milton Keynes and this is what is coming up. The
:00:18. > :00:23.increasing number of people relying on food handouts. I had no food in
:00:23. > :00:29.the cupboards, I was down to my last 30p, and it was going through
:00:29. > :00:33.my mind that morning, it is Christmas, how would I cope?
:00:33. > :00:38.pioneering heart surgeon who has saved and improved the lives of
:00:38. > :00:42.thousands of patients. Celebrating 100 years of the great British air
:00:42. > :00:47.race. We recapture the spirit of the real magnificent men In Their
:00:47. > :00:55.Flying Machines. They were iconic figures in those days, like the
:00:56. > :01:05.astronauts. They were celebrities. They are are three untold stories
:01:06. > :01:16.
:01:16. > :01:20.Welcome to Milton Keynes. With less than a fortnight until Christmas,
:01:20. > :01:25.many of us are stocking up on food for the festive season. Hundreds of
:01:25. > :01:30.people cannot even afford a meal, let alone a big Christmas one. They
:01:30. > :01:37.rely on handouts. We have been to the food bank in Milton Keynes to
:01:37. > :01:42.see why so many people need help. had my first major heart attack two
:01:42. > :01:50.years ago and then I had another one, then I had a stroke after that.
:01:50. > :01:54.It left me in a bad way. The left side is mostly affected. Obviously
:01:54. > :01:59.it has slowed me down, I cannot do a lot. The problems with his health
:01:59. > :02:06.has meant Michael Parker, who lives in Milton Keynes, can't work. He
:02:06. > :02:09.was forced to give up his job for a taxi company. Money is tight for
:02:09. > :02:19.Michael and several times he's been unable to provide food for himself
:02:19. > :02:19.
:02:19. > :02:24.and his daughter. It has happened quite a few times over the last two
:02:24. > :02:31.years and I would not like it to happen again. I feel for people it
:02:31. > :02:36.happens to now. How desperate has it been? It has been very desperate,
:02:36. > :02:46.one time I only had a couple slices of bread and a can of beans. I have
:02:46. > :02:49.
:02:49. > :02:52.experienced that. I have hidden that from my doctor. -- I have kept
:02:52. > :03:02.that food for my doctor. Michael was lucky. The Milton Keynes Food
:03:02. > :03:02.
:03:02. > :03:06.Bank stepped in to help him before the situation got too bad. That is
:03:06. > :03:09.lovely juice. Just what we Milton Keynes Food bank takes
:03:09. > :03:13.another delivery of supplies, this one from a local church. There are
:03:13. > :03:22.over one hundred Food Banks in the UK. Milton Keynes is one of the
:03:22. > :03:26.largest, and it's never been busier. Tell me about the food bank.
:03:26. > :03:33.provides emergency food parcels to local families, like the ones we
:03:33. > :03:39.have here. We will have 9,000 of these by the end of the year. That
:03:39. > :03:45.is 63 % up on last year. Why do so many more people need your help?
:03:45. > :03:49.The current economic climate, people have less disposable income.
:03:49. > :03:52.The food bank is for people in genuine need, the aim is to tied
:03:52. > :03:56.them over for a few days. A GP, the Citizens Advice Bureau and other
:03:56. > :04:05.similar agencies can decide that a person is in need of help and send
:04:05. > :04:10.them to the food bank. Isn't there a danger that people might become
:04:10. > :04:14.too reliant on food banks and so they do not go out and try and find
:04:14. > :04:23.a job? A good point but the way we operate we only allow clients to
:04:23. > :04:27.come up to us up to five times in the rolling 12 months. The Food
:04:27. > :04:30.Bank relies on the goodwill of the public to donate the food. Apart
:04:30. > :04:39.from Sue and one other person everyone else that helps at the
:04:39. > :04:46.food bank is a volunteer. What would you get enough food parcel?
:04:46. > :04:56.It is quite a mixed bag. Lots of staple items like dried pasta,
:04:56. > :04:56.
:04:56. > :05:04.long-life juice, pass the sauce, noodles, long-life milk, breakfast
:05:04. > :05:09.cereal. It is designed to last three days. Ho nutritious is this?
:05:09. > :05:12.You have no fresh fruit or bread. The items in the food parcel, if
:05:12. > :05:17.this was all they had, the nutritionist have told us this
:05:17. > :05:24.would give them all the value they need. Not exciting food but it will
:05:24. > :05:31.keep the will from the daughter of three days. -- the will for from
:05:31. > :05:35.the door. It is well-documented that supermarkets Broadway
:05:35. > :05:40.thousands of tons of food, surely they should donate it? People often
:05:40. > :05:49.ask us that, but the food we have around here is tinned food, dried
:05:49. > :05:54.food, long-life produce. That stuff is fresh, yoghurt, fruit, and it is
:05:54. > :05:57.not something we can deal with. After sorting out today's food
:05:57. > :06:06.parcels Sue and her team of volunteers are off to one of five
:06:06. > :06:11.distribution centres in Milton Keynes. People might be surprised
:06:11. > :06:15.you need somewhere like this. Milton Keynes is an affluent city,
:06:15. > :06:21.you would not see the areas of poverty, but they are there. They
:06:21. > :06:26.are hidden behind the tree-lined boulevard us. There is a 63 %
:06:26. > :06:34.increase in demand for hour services. Could people come in that
:06:34. > :06:38.even though they could help themselves? You do get people that
:06:38. > :06:45.will try and get free food parcels, but we are very keen to make sure
:06:45. > :06:52.we only help people who have a genuine qualified need. If someone
:06:52. > :07:02.is trying to pull the wool and we catch them, we will tell them. We
:07:02. > :07:03.
:07:03. > :07:07.will tell them to get off their backside and do something practical.
:07:07. > :07:10.How long have you lived here? Michael Parker is one of those who
:07:11. > :07:14.have reason to be grateful for the work of the Food bank. It's helped
:07:14. > :07:18.him out on a number of occasions. About a hundred tones of food has
:07:18. > :07:22.been donated to the food bank this year, that's up nearly a hundred
:07:22. > :07:29.per cent on last year. The lowest time was I had no food in the
:07:29. > :07:35.cupboards, I was down to my last 30p. I did not know I would call,
:07:35. > :07:43.and out of the blue, are hampered turned up from the food bank. These
:07:43. > :07:51.two people brought a hamper in, we look at it after they left, and
:07:51. > :08:00.they gave me a four presence to put round the tree for Christmas Day.
:08:00. > :08:10.There was tinned food as well. Inside was a brown envelope, it had
:08:10. > :08:10.
:08:10. > :08:16.�20 in it. I was over the moon. It was like winning the lottery, �20.
:08:16. > :08:21.What is it like when there is not enough food? It is hard, but we
:08:21. > :08:30.have to get through it. How do you feel when you have not got enough
:08:30. > :08:37.on the table? It feels a bit sad, but you have to keep your head up.
:08:37. > :08:47.Do you worry about that? Yes. do you do with your dad to keep
:08:47. > :08:52.
:08:52. > :09:02.going? We keep each other laughing. Do you worry about your father?
:09:02. > :09:13.
:09:13. > :09:18.About 100 tons of food has been donated to the food bank this year,
:09:18. > :09:21.up nearly 100 % on last year. Just over forty per cent of the food
:09:21. > :09:31.parcels will be handed out to people between the ages of twenty
:09:31. > :09:32.
:09:32. > :09:38.six and forty. There is your food. You can help yourself on the table
:09:38. > :09:44.to tea and coffee. I saw this raw advertised in the church newsletter.
:09:44. > :09:50.At the time, I was working for BT, I had been there 10 years, good
:09:50. > :09:57.payment, look at a salary for this and thought it was a joke. But I am
:09:57. > :10:06.a Christian and I took the leap and I have never looked back. I feel I
:10:06. > :10:16.can make a difference. Could you use some toothpaste? Absolutely.
:10:16. > :10:16.
:10:16. > :10:25.How many people would you expect to see today? Normally about 50 -- 15
:10:25. > :10:30.households. We have had up to 35 in an hour. We serve here twice a week
:10:30. > :10:35.but we serve six days a week for five different locations. What are
:10:35. > :10:40.the reasons people might come here? Lots of different reasons, somebody
:10:40. > :10:45.may have just lost their job, benefits are circumstances may have
:10:45. > :10:50.changed, somebody may have just come out of hospital, and they have
:10:50. > :10:57.a voucher, somebody may have come out of prison, at somebody may just
:10:57. > :11:00.have an extra big bill. A lot of people cannot afford heating bills.
:11:00. > :11:09.Although his life is still far from perfect Michael Parker is hoping
:11:09. > :11:18.that his days of struggling to put food on the table are finally over.
:11:18. > :11:24.I hope the future brings better health. No more benefit problems as
:11:24. > :11:32.well. I do realise now the food back in Milton Keynes is there if I
:11:32. > :11:42.needed. I hope it does not come to that. It is a struggle. It has
:11:42. > :11:45.taken me a while to get a better life for myself. If there is every
:11:45. > :11:55.something you think we should be investigating you can send an e-
:11:55. > :12:00.mail to last. Later on, we will recreate the 1911 the a race, 100
:12:00. > :12:10.years ago they went up and came down. The race 1000 miles a grown
:12:10. > :12:16.
:12:17. > :12:18.Britain. -- around Britain. John Wallwork carried out the UK's first
:12:19. > :12:22.successful heart-lung transplant and the world's first triple
:12:22. > :12:30.transplant. We were given exclusive access to his final few days at the
:12:30. > :12:40.hospital, and his last operation. Our heartbeats something like 30
:12:40. > :12:41.
:12:41. > :12:49.million times a year. We will now stop the heart so we can open it up.
:12:49. > :12:51.On the monitor it you will see there is no output. When John
:12:51. > :12:55.Wallwork arrived at Papworth in the early 1980s heart transplant
:12:55. > :12:57.surgery was still in its infancy in this country - and no-one had
:12:57. > :13:07.successfully transplanted both heart and lungs until he pioneered
:13:07. > :13:09.
:13:09. > :13:16.the operation in 1984. I remember it very well, we had to bring the
:13:16. > :13:19.donor down from the Midlands, do the operation here. Spent a fair
:13:19. > :13:27.amount of the evening doing it. patient was 36-year-old school
:13:27. > :13:34.assistant Brenda Barber. There are so many things we did not know, we
:13:34. > :13:39.had no way of properly measuring drug levels, we had no way of
:13:39. > :13:45.measuring rejection. I was the first one to be done in Britain. I
:13:45. > :13:48.was not skier, even though it was like the first one. -- I was not
:13:48. > :13:54.frightened. I only had a 50-50 chance and I knew I was dying
:13:54. > :14:00.anyway so I had nothing to lose. She lived 11 years following the
:14:00. > :14:03.transplant. She saw her daughter grow up. Just a couple of years
:14:03. > :14:05.later the bar was raised even higher as John and the team at
:14:05. > :14:12.Papworth performed the world's first combined triple transplant -
:14:12. > :14:16.heart lungs and liver. We had a patient whose lungs were destroyed
:14:16. > :14:22.by liver disease. Then are people with a variety of diseases who it
:14:22. > :14:31.would be appropriate to do it on, and I suppose you have to argue
:14:31. > :14:39.because we are stretching the boundaries, it is possible. It is
:14:39. > :14:41.like being reborn. I cannot describe how much of a difference
:14:41. > :14:44.it has made to me. During his career it's estimated John has
:14:44. > :14:47.carried out more than 3,000 operations - both transplants and
:14:47. > :14:55.heart repairs - Colin Dedman is his last ever patient - he needs open
:14:55. > :14:59.heart surgery. We said we will replace your valve. There are lots
:14:59. > :15:07.of things we can do to hearts that we could not do, people repairing
:15:07. > :15:11.some parts. We can do things to the heart to make it work better
:15:11. > :15:14.without needing a transplant. Town is one of thousands of
:15:14. > :15:23.patients whose lives have been transformed by John. Born with a
:15:23. > :15:28.rare condition - she desperately needed a new heart and lungs.
:15:28. > :15:33.remember him saying, we would like to offer you, if we do the
:15:33. > :15:41.operation, we would hope to offer you four health the years. That
:15:41. > :15:46.sounded great. I went through a silly-season post transplant,
:15:46. > :15:52.having never been allowed out to play or to any sport, I did horse-
:15:52. > :15:57.riding, badminton, circuit training, learned to swim, there was almost
:15:57. > :16:04.nothing I did not have a go at. I would work on the basis that I am
:16:04. > :16:10.alive today, and I was alive yesterday, and I will let you know
:16:10. > :16:20.about tomorrow. John's last operation has been a great success
:16:20. > :16:21.
:16:21. > :16:29.and before long Colin will be back on his feet. We can see the attack
:16:29. > :16:32.is beating again. That is all, folks. For the surgical team it's
:16:32. > :16:42.time for some very special celebrations to mark a very special
:16:42. > :16:44.
:16:45. > :16:47.career. Is this guy asleep, before I cut into it? And there's more
:16:48. > :16:57.about John's extraordinary career and his plans for the future in an
:16:58. > :17:00.
:17:00. > :17:05.Inside Out Special here in the East - next Monday night on BBC One. 100
:17:05. > :17:10.years ago all eyes were on the sky as the aeroplane captured the
:17:10. > :17:20.imagination of a generation. A group of pioneering aviator us were
:17:20. > :17:24.getting ready to race each other in a course of over 1000 miles. These
:17:24. > :17:27.days we take flying very much for granted But a hundred years ago the
:17:27. > :17:30.skies were a brave new frontier - the aircraft had only been around
:17:31. > :17:33.for a few years and pilots were still working out the best way to
:17:34. > :17:43.take off, to land and most importantly how to stop falling out
:17:44. > :17:54.
:17:54. > :17:57.of the sky. Then the stakes were raised even higher. In 1911, The
:17:57. > :18:00.Daily Mail invited aviators from all over the world to race around
:18:00. > :18:05.the entire country with the winner of the Circuit of Britain taking
:18:05. > :18:09.home a �10,000 prize. This was probably the biggest challenge that
:18:09. > :18:12.the early aviators in terms of a race had faced so far - you had a
:18:12. > :18:15.very long race the longest yet and you had the British weather to deal
:18:15. > :18:25.with and they went right up into Scotland over mountainous terrain
:18:25. > :18:29.
:18:29. > :18:32.so it was an enormous challenge for those early aviators and machines.
:18:32. > :18:35.The aircraft had only been invented eight years before, and the longest
:18:35. > :18:39.distance race ever attempted in Britain had been a 185 mile dash
:18:39. > :18:43.Britain had been a 185 mile dash Britain had been a 185 mile dash
:18:43. > :18:46.from London to Manchester in 1910. That race had seen only two
:18:46. > :18:49.entrants with former Bedfordshire Schoolboy Grahame White taking on
:18:49. > :18:52.Louis Paulhan from France. Eventually Grahame White had to
:18:52. > :18:57.retire after his aircraft was damaged - and the Frenchman took
:18:57. > :19:03.the spoils. But the public's appetite for flight had been
:19:03. > :19:06.stirred and the 1911 Circuit of Britain would be next. And this was
:19:06. > :19:09.a challenge that would test the pilots and their machines to the
:19:09. > :19:12.limit - starting at Brooklands in Surrey they'd be undertaking a
:19:12. > :19:19.journey for more than a thousand miles - nothing like this had ever
:19:19. > :19:22.been attempted before. Indeed back in 1911 many people had never seen
:19:23. > :19:30.a car, let alone a plane - but the early aviators were determined to
:19:30. > :19:34.prove the aircraft was safe, fast and reliable. Before long thirty
:19:34. > :19:37.pilots had signed up for the air race in an incredible collection of
:19:37. > :19:44.flying machines - they were all hoping they would be the first
:19:44. > :19:46.across the finish line - or at least finish the epic journey.
:19:46. > :19:49.Today, the Shuttleworth Collection in Bedfordshire has more examples
:19:49. > :19:55.of the type of aircraft that took part in the race than anywhere else
:19:55. > :19:58.in the world. So, John, these are all examples of types of aircraft
:19:58. > :20:01.that took part in the Circuit of Britain race? Yes, that's right,
:20:01. > :20:08.we've got the Deperdussin here, Bleriot, Blackburn and Bristol box-
:20:08. > :20:12.kite. They look really different, though - this one here the wings
:20:12. > :20:15.are quite high - this one the wings are low - this one over here looks
:20:15. > :20:18.like a kite - they really are a mixture of design. That's
:20:18. > :20:20.absolutely right, and in those days the conventional aeroplane wasn't a
:20:20. > :20:22.convention so it was very experimental - they tried bi-planes,
:20:22. > :20:25.tri-planes, quadraplanes monoplanes different layouts and
:20:25. > :20:35.configurations - engines at the front, engines at the rear - nobody
:20:35. > :20:39.
:20:39. > :20:41.knew how to make an aeroplane as we know it now, of course. But they
:20:41. > :20:44.were prepared to push the boundaries to try and advance
:20:44. > :20:48.aviation if you like and of course there was also the �10,000 prize,
:20:48. > :20:51.which I'd imagine was quite tantalising. It certainly was for
:20:51. > :20:54.some of the competitors - the 10,000 prize would have been a
:20:54. > :20:57.substantial amount of money and it would have been very important to
:20:57. > :21:00.them - for others it was the glory - for others the sportsmanship.
:21:00. > :21:10.They were iconic figures in those days like the astronauts were, they
:21:10. > :21:17.were celebrities. Brave men, but with egos? No doubt a lot of them
:21:17. > :21:20.had quite large egos! You had to have an ego and a lot of money. Yes,
:21:20. > :21:29.by and large, yes - you certainly had to be a very strong personality
:21:29. > :21:32.of some sort to pursue it. Saturday July 22nd 1911, nearly 30
:21:32. > :21:42.aircraft and their pilots gathered for first leg from Brooklands in
:21:42. > :21:42.
:21:42. > :21:45.Surrey to Hendon. It caused a sensation - despite the early
:21:45. > :21:54.morning start thousands of people from all over the country gathered
:21:54. > :21:57.to witness these extraordinary machines take to the air. From
:21:57. > :22:01.Hendon, the second leg would take them up through Harrogate and
:22:01. > :22:09.Newcastle to Edinburgh. Leg three would see them through Stirling,
:22:09. > :22:12.Glasgow, Carlisle, Manchester and Bristol. Then it was west to Exeter,
:22:12. > :22:21.back across to Sailisbury Plain and down to Brighton before the flight
:22:21. > :22:25.back to Brooklands - a total of 1010 miles. Among the entrants were
:22:25. > :22:27.nine British machines including one flown by Samuel Franklin Cody. A
:22:27. > :22:30.one-time Wild West showman and sharp-shooter, he came to England
:22:30. > :22:39.in 1890, became a British subject and was now of the country's very
:22:39. > :22:41.first flyers. He was a completely experimental aviator - I don't
:22:41. > :22:44.think his approach was even particularly scientific - the
:22:44. > :22:48.biggest problem with Cody is that its hard to extract the man from
:22:48. > :22:52.the myth really - he sort of created this whole show around him
:22:52. > :23:01.and so it's hard to get to the bones of who he really was and how
:23:01. > :23:06.he went about things. Unlike Cody, some competitors didn't even make
:23:06. > :23:09.it past the start line! The main challenges would have been
:23:09. > :23:14.reliability of the engines and the aircraft themselves - the weather
:23:14. > :23:17.was tough and the abilities of the pilot. You know, this was very
:23:17. > :23:19.early days before conventions were established and the safe way of
:23:19. > :23:22.doing things, so there were numerous challenges they had to
:23:22. > :23:32.overcome, and of course, the machines themselves were, well, an
:23:32. > :23:34.
:23:34. > :23:37.unacceptably low standard by today's standards, yes. It's said
:23:37. > :23:42.that the Circuit of Britain Race was the inspiration behind the film
:23:42. > :23:45.Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines. This aircraft - a
:23:45. > :23:55.replica of a Bristol Boxkite - was built for the film and is similar
:23:55. > :24:00.
:24:00. > :24:03.in design to the one Cody would A hundred years ago pilots had
:24:03. > :24:08.little experience of flight - today only the most experienced can take
:24:08. > :24:17.these historical machines into the air. Shuttleworth chief pilot Dodge
:24:17. > :24:20.Bailey spent a career with the RAF before tacking the Edwardians. It
:24:20. > :24:26.must have been an incredibly risky time in aviation - the very early
:24:26. > :24:28.years - and very dangerous. Well, it was genuine pioneering because
:24:28. > :24:31.of all these uncertainties - uncertainties about the aeroplane,
:24:31. > :24:35.the engine and the weather, and they didn't know what was going to
:24:35. > :24:38.be beyond that line of trees and they had no way of dealing with
:24:38. > :24:41.that weather, whether it be strong winds or rain or fog. They just
:24:41. > :24:44.kind of pressed on and survival of the fittest prevailed. Some of them
:24:44. > :24:54.lost their lives just because of the weather and others were lucky
:24:54. > :25:05.
:25:05. > :25:09.Dodge, that was absolutely fantastic to watch - the way the
:25:09. > :25:14.plane climbs it just looks so graceful, what's it like to fly it?
:25:14. > :25:19.Well, it's different. The first concern with this particular
:25:19. > :25:23.aeroplane is its climb rate. It doesn't climb very well so I'm very
:25:23. > :25:27.conscious of wind and turbulence in the trees, in order to get it up to
:25:27. > :25:31.a safe height, and flying the aeroplane is a little different.
:25:31. > :25:34.It's not terribly stable so I have to be in control all the time. I
:25:34. > :25:41.can't take my hands off the stick, for instance, so I have to be
:25:41. > :25:47.flying the aeroplane all the time. The early pilots may still have had
:25:47. > :25:50.a lot to learn but the French were catching on fast. In the Circuit of
:25:50. > :25:54.Britain, Jules Vendrines was in second place while Andre Beaumont
:25:54. > :25:57.in his Bleriot was leading the field. Beaumont was like many of
:25:57. > :26:04.the early pioneer aviators from a wealthy background, and it was a
:26:04. > :26:13.sport, you know? He was a bit of a glory hunter and so he was probably
:26:13. > :26:20.less interested in the prize, and more interested in the celebrity.
:26:20. > :26:23.But nevertheless, a pioneer and a pretty experienced aviator.
:26:23. > :26:27.nation was gripped with aviation fever - thousands turned out all
:26:27. > :26:33.over the country - not least to get a glimpse of Cody, who was still in
:26:33. > :26:37.the running but suffering a lot of problems with his flying machine.
:26:37. > :26:39.And now a hundred years later the crowds are gathering again. Every
:26:39. > :26:43.summer the Shuttleworth Collection puts on a series of flying displays
:26:43. > :26:46.and every now and then when the weather is just right the Edwardian
:26:46. > :26:48.aircraft take to the skies once more. And included in today's line
:26:48. > :26:51.up are two original aeroplanes virtually identical to the ones
:26:51. > :26:53.that would have flown the Circuit of Britain - a 99-year-old
:26:53. > :27:03.Blackburn monoplane - the oldest flying British aeroplane in the
:27:03. > :27:10.
:27:10. > :27:17.world - and a 101-year-old The Circuit of Britain race ended
:27:17. > :27:20.just a week after it had begun. It was won by Andre Beaumont in his
:27:20. > :27:23.Bleriot who completed the 1010 mile course in a total flying time of
:27:23. > :27:31.just under 22 and a half hours. Fellow Frenchman Vedrines was just
:27:31. > :27:35.over an hour behind. As for SF Cody, well, he finished fourth - arriving
:27:35. > :27:45.ten days after the winning French machine - but his biplane was the
:27:45. > :27:45.
:27:45. > :27:49.only British-built aircraft to complete the course. It was a bit
:27:49. > :27:51.like the lunar landings, where it was a major advancement in science.
:27:51. > :27:57.It had all the elements of sportsmanship and courage and
:27:57. > :28:04.challenge for the participants, so, yeah, it had everything. It was a
:28:04. > :28:09.great, great event. I guess if they hadn't tried, if they'd sort of
:28:09. > :28:12.given up. Then you have to say where would we have been? If they'd
:28:12. > :28:14.maybe flown three miles and said, "no, that's too dangerous, we are
:28:14. > :28:24.not doing that", where would aviation be now? It's a good
:28:24. > :28:28.
:28:28. > :28:38.question. What a great story. That is it from Milton Keynes. We will
:28:38. > :28:38.
:28:38. > :28:42.be back on 9th January. Have a great Christmas. There is a special