:00:06. > :00:10.This week, I am in Essex and this is what is coming up on tonight's
:00:10. > :00:16.Inside Out. When is a Village Green not a
:00:16. > :00:21.Village Green? It is about protecting our green space, about a
:00:21. > :00:27.plant that we have used for nearly 100 years.
:00:27. > :00:33.The fight to take -- to save children's rotting teeth. We
:00:33. > :00:40.revisit Corin. And boldly looking when no one has
:00:40. > :00:50.looked before. They are hour three surprising stories from where we
:00:50. > :01:02.
:01:02. > :01:06.I am in the beautiful village of Writtle in Essex. Village greens of
:01:06. > :01:11.part of the landscape here, but contra for short laws have meant
:01:11. > :01:18.that some spaces are becoming the battleground between campaigners
:01:18. > :01:25.and developers. -- controversial laws.
:01:25. > :01:30.This is most people's idea of a Village Green. This is Writtle in
:01:30. > :01:36.Essex. Open spaces like this are a traditional feature in the English
:01:36. > :01:46.countryside. Sometimes, there are even these guys alongside dog
:01:46. > :01:49.Enter now, the sound of Morris dancers was the only noise likely
:01:49. > :01:53.to break the silence and tranquillity in a place like this.
:01:53. > :01:59.But that could change. The humble Village Green has become the
:02:00. > :02:03.unlikely battleground in a war between landowners and campaigners.
:02:03. > :02:07.Five years ago, the government passed legislation that allows
:02:07. > :02:11.anyone the right to register land used by locals for recreation as a
:02:11. > :02:18.Village Green. Designated land is protected from development, but
:02:18. > :02:22.critics say the system is being abused. This is Mistley in Essex. I
:02:22. > :02:29.have come to meet a man leading a campaign to turn some land here
:02:29. > :02:36.into a Village Green. Hello, Simon. You are going to show
:02:36. > :02:44.me the Village Green. I am indeed. Where is the Village Green? This is
:02:44. > :02:49.it. This is it? Yes. It does not look like one, you must be joking.
:02:49. > :02:53.It is, used for leisure purposes, fishing, swimming, painting,
:02:53. > :02:59.photography. This has been used by the people of Mistley for hundreds
:02:59. > :03:04.of years for recreation and leisure purposes. This must be be and --
:03:04. > :03:09.most on picturesque Village Green in Britain. It is with the defence.
:03:09. > :03:14.Three years ago, the company that owns this man put up a friend's. It
:03:14. > :03:16.is this fence which has angered some locals. They are using Village
:03:16. > :03:21.Green legislation to try and get it removed.
:03:21. > :03:26.This is about trying to get this fence down, trying to exploit a
:03:26. > :03:30.loophole in the law. Absolutely not a loophole. This is what the
:03:30. > :03:36.legislation is for. It is to allow people to continue to use land they
:03:36. > :03:40.have always used for recreation where that used has been denied. In
:03:40. > :03:45.this case, in a report. successfully make a claim for a
:03:45. > :03:49.Village Green, you have to prove the land is being continuously used
:03:49. > :03:58.for leisure and recreational purposes for at least 20 years.
:03:58. > :04:03.Nice to see you. Hello. I'm David. Deer come here very often? I do, I
:04:03. > :04:10.have been using this for 30 years. This offence is very inconvenient.
:04:10. > :04:18.We used to pick up croupier. Barges would pick up crew here as well.
:04:18. > :04:21.Thames barges used to Europe as well -- use it as well. At this
:04:22. > :04:25.point, our interview was interrupted by this forklift truck
:04:26. > :04:33.driver who works for the company involved in the dispute.
:04:33. > :04:37.What is the problem? The company who owns the key did
:04:37. > :04:47.not want to be interviewed, but this driver is clearly unhappy. He
:04:47. > :04:57.thinks lorries and village greens are dangerous combinations. Do you
:04:57. > :04:59.
:04:59. > :05:03.think these lot of being ridiculous An industrial quayside with lorries
:05:03. > :05:07.coming past is your Village Green? People have to co-exist on a plan
:05:07. > :05:13.when it is common. There are lots of cases of common land with roads
:05:14. > :05:18.in the middle, golf courses, and people learn to co-exist together.
:05:18. > :05:21.This is exactly what has happened here for hundreds of years.
:05:21. > :05:25.landowners did not want to take part in the programme, but they did
:05:25. > :05:29.tell us they put up the fence for health and safety reasons. They say
:05:29. > :05:33.they own the land, but claimed there is no public right of way
:05:33. > :05:37.over it. Is there a danger that cases like this will generate bad
:05:37. > :05:43.will and be counter-productive to genuine applications? This is a
:05:43. > :05:48.genuine application. Nothing could be more genuine. This fence has
:05:48. > :05:52.deprived the people of Mistley of their recreational facilities.
:05:52. > :05:55.hearing to decide their fate is due to be held later this year. We
:05:55. > :06:00.contacted all the county councils in our region and found that in the
:06:00. > :06:04.past five years, they have been 83 applications for Village Green
:06:04. > :06:08.status. Many are still to be heard. Applying is no guarantee of success.
:06:08. > :06:12.In Norfolk, a applications have been rejected with three granted.
:06:12. > :06:15.In Cambridgeshire, they have been very successful submissions and
:06:15. > :06:19.just one rejection. The National Housing Federation are concerned
:06:19. > :06:23.about what they claim are the increasing number of spurious
:06:23. > :06:27.applications, saying it is preventing much-needed --
:06:27. > :06:31.development. This is Heybridge where a housing development has
:06:31. > :06:36.been stopped. What are you proposing to build?
:06:36. > :06:41.were going to build a 30 new affordable homes to rent for the
:06:41. > :06:45.people of Heybridge. What is happening now? We got planning
:06:45. > :06:47.application recently, but shortly afterwards, we received an
:06:48. > :06:52.application from residents saying that it was a Village Green so we
:06:52. > :06:59.had to stop work. We had to call everything off. How much is this
:06:59. > :07:02.costing you? It is costing us about �15,000 a month. That is money that
:07:02. > :07:08.we as a charity preferred to spend on other things. This plot is
:07:08. > :07:11.burning money. How long until the situation is sorted? That is the
:07:11. > :07:18.most frustrating thing. At the moment the county council can
:07:18. > :07:25.decide do except for reject the proposal, or put it to an inquiry.
:07:25. > :07:28.-- accept. The whole thing would be over if it went to an inquiry?
:07:28. > :07:34.What would you say to people who claim this has had continual use
:07:34. > :07:39.for many years? It is clear from the records, from aerial photos,
:07:39. > :07:44.records from the farmers, we have details of the crops in this field,
:07:44. > :07:48.so it is clear that this was not a Village Green, it was a public
:07:48. > :07:52.sight. Where we are standing was never a Village Green.
:07:52. > :07:56.This is not a view shared by everyone. Theresa Feeney's family
:07:56. > :08:01.home is close to the field. She is seeking Village Green status for
:08:01. > :08:07.the land. These cottages have been here since 1912. My family have
:08:07. > :08:09.lived in them since then. It has been used for 100 years.
:08:10. > :08:14.Housing Association are saying they are angry because it is costing
:08:14. > :08:18.them a lot of money, your application. This development is
:08:18. > :08:23.needed in the local community. would say it is not really needed,
:08:23. > :08:27.and it is not needed there. But not just that, I put the application in
:08:27. > :08:34.the week before they started building. It was their choice to
:08:34. > :08:40.carry on for another two weeks. used to play here as a child?
:08:41. > :08:43.with kites. How much support as the campaign got so far? We have had 80
:08:43. > :08:49.people fill in evidence questionnaires about their use of
:08:49. > :08:53.the land. Quite a strong support. Yes. The Housing Association have
:08:53. > :09:01.told us that this was never used for recreational purposes. It was
:09:01. > :09:05.an occasional -- agricultural land. This land was used recreationally
:09:05. > :09:11.long before the farmer to go on. It had a coronation party in it, I
:09:11. > :09:18.have pictures of my family enjoying a party on the field. We have
:09:18. > :09:24.pictures in 1992 children playing in the field. When it was cropped,
:09:24. > :09:30.we still use debt. People have still been walking through it with
:09:30. > :09:33.crop in it. You don't want a development in your back land and
:09:33. > :09:37.we could argue that you are being selfish because you don't want the
:09:37. > :09:42.development. It is about protecting our green space, not development.
:09:42. > :09:47.We have loved and used this land for nearly 100 years. The existing
:09:47. > :09:51.law is currently under review. It may mean it is harder to seek
:09:51. > :09:55.Village Green status in the future. 38 applications are waiting to be
:09:55. > :10:05.decided in our region. It is unclear how or if they will be
:10:05. > :10:05.
:10:05. > :10:11.Don't forget, if there is something you think we should investigate
:10:11. > :10:21.here, sent me an e-mail. The address is on screen. You can also
:10:21. > :10:22.
:10:22. > :10:26.Later, how Cambridge scientists are exploring part of the -- parts of
:10:26. > :10:30.the universe never seen before. With these telescopes, we can look
:10:30. > :10:40.back in time, look back across the whole universe and see our place in
:10:40. > :10:41.
:10:41. > :10:46.Our next story is about the condition of children's teeth. A
:10:47. > :10:51.few years ago won it Inside Out we discovered that some children
:10:51. > :10:57.living in Luton had the worst teeth in the region. So have things
:10:57. > :11:07.improved? Like most 11 year-olds, Corin will
:11:07. > :11:07.
:11:07. > :11:13.stun his foot, keen not to be late for school. -- wolfs down his food.
:11:13. > :11:23.Before he goes to school, Corin has a very important job he has to do.
:11:23. > :11:27.I make sure I brush my eight teeth twice a day for two minutes. And I
:11:27. > :11:32.just keep going, I count two minutes in my head. Sometimes it
:11:32. > :11:38.gets a bit boring, it feels like I am standing there for ages, just
:11:38. > :11:42.brushing my teeth. The reason Corin takes good care of his teeth is
:11:42. > :11:47.because six years ago, when he was just five, he had a very unpleasant
:11:47. > :11:54.experience. He had to go to a hospital for an operation to have
:11:54. > :12:00.several of his teeth removed. are ready to start now, Corin is
:12:00. > :12:06.very stable under anaesthetic. Corin had to have his teeth taken
:12:06. > :12:10.out because they had become badly decayed and they could not be saved.
:12:10. > :12:16.The tooth in front is the one he has had the abscess on, so we have
:12:16. > :12:21.to say goodbye to that, definitely. Although it was Corin's baby teeth
:12:21. > :12:25.that had decayed, it was important that they were removed. If they had
:12:25. > :12:30.been left untreated there is a real danger they could have damaged his
:12:30. > :12:34.grown-up teeth. Six years later, and Corin's mum still vividly
:12:34. > :12:42.remembers how stressful it was watching her son having a general
:12:42. > :12:47.anaesthetic. It was horrible, I did not know what to expect. The eyes
:12:47. > :12:53.were rolling, he was twitching, it was horrible. I would not want to
:12:54. > :12:57.do it again. What is he like now with looking after his teeth?
:12:57. > :13:03.has his moments, I have to tell him or watch him do it but he is a lot
:13:03. > :13:08.better. Corine's experience is far from unique. In our original film,
:13:09. > :13:13.we revealed that Luton was a blackspot for children's teeth and
:13:13. > :13:19.it is still not good. The official statistics form missing, filled and
:13:19. > :13:25.decayed teeth are well above the national average. 44% of children
:13:25. > :13:29.have trouble with their teeth and they have the worst oral health in
:13:29. > :13:36.the east of England. Are you still generally concerned about the state
:13:36. > :13:40.of children's teeth? Yes, we are, as a community dental service we
:13:40. > :13:46.are a service that receives referrals from high street dentists.
:13:46. > :13:53.Many children are having treatment under general anaesthetic to have
:13:53. > :13:58.fillings and teeth extracted. are at a number of reasons for
:13:58. > :14:05.decay, including poor oral hygiene. But the greatest problem is poor
:14:05. > :14:10.diet, the big culprit is sugar. Part of the problem is that the
:14:10. > :14:16.sugar is not always obvious. Even healthy fruit drink -- fruit drinks
:14:16. > :14:21.can lead to decay. A small carton of orange juice can have up to 40
:14:21. > :14:25.spleens of natural sugar. When we told Corin's story six years ago,
:14:25. > :14:30.we visited this nursery and carried out a challenge. Mums were asked if
:14:30. > :14:36.they could guess how much sugar certain foods contained. They were
:14:36. > :14:45.shocked to discover the truth. is a breakfast cereal is popular
:14:45. > :14:55.with children. How much sugar do think there is in a small bowl of a
:14:55. > :14:55.
:14:55. > :14:59.serial? 6 teaspoons? That is right. A lot for a small child. Even this
:14:59. > :15:04.Blackcurrant drink has an alarming amount of sugar, the equivalent of
:15:04. > :15:09.10 cubes in a small glass. After his operation, Corin is certainly
:15:09. > :15:13.more aware of his diet. Today he is meeting the dental surgeon who
:15:13. > :15:20.removed his teeth. It is a chance for her to see if Corin has really
:15:20. > :15:25.mended his ways. What we want to do is have a little look at your teeth
:15:26. > :15:30.and just count them up. Certainly, dental treatment is expensive and
:15:30. > :15:33.the treatment and very general anaesthetic and or the hospital
:15:33. > :15:37.facilities is no doubt an expensive treatment to provide. What would be
:15:37. > :15:44.better is if we could prevent dental disease, then we do not have
:15:44. > :15:47.to treat it and that is what we really want to do. OK, great. I
:15:47. > :15:51.would just turn that light off. The good news is that everything looks
:15:52. > :15:57.absolutely fantastic in there. He has got his first permanent molars
:15:57. > :16:02.through at the back and those teeth are in perfect condition. So, Corin
:16:02. > :16:07.has been doing a really good job of brushing his teeth. And I am sure
:16:07. > :16:14.you are being very careful about what he eats and drinks as well.
:16:14. > :16:20.How did you find that? A I found it very exciting and it was a really
:16:20. > :16:26.good news that my teeth are OK. has paid off, hasn't it? Is it what
:16:26. > :16:33.you were expecting? Yes, but it was a relief for them. Hopefully they
:16:33. > :16:36.will stay that way. I hope so too. The local dental service in Luton
:16:36. > :16:40.is so concerned about the state of children's teeth and the reluctance
:16:40. > :16:47.of some parents to take their kids to the dentist, that the dentist is
:16:47. > :16:51.now going out to the kids. This is foxtails Children's Centre in Luton.
:16:51. > :16:56.This mobile unit and its dental team are spearheading a new
:16:56. > :17:02.treatment aimed at combating dental decay in children. The dental
:17:02. > :17:09.nurses will be applying special fluoride gel to youngsters' teas.
:17:09. > :17:15.It has got something special and sticky on it to help it stay on the
:17:15. > :17:20.teeth. That is why we asked you not to eat or drink anything for 30
:17:20. > :17:25.minutes so it can have a concentrated shot of fluoride on to
:17:25. > :17:31.the TDs. Having the topical fluoride applied once every three
:17:31. > :17:37.months can really help to reduce some -- the risk of tooth decay by
:17:37. > :17:40.up to 30 or 40%. Why did you decide to come up and have this treatment
:17:41. > :17:45.done for your daughter? It was offered to row and she is not
:17:45. > :17:49.registered with the dentist yet and I thought it would be a good
:17:49. > :17:54.opportunity to have her teeth checked. How are where are you of
:17:54. > :17:59.decay to children's teeth? I know lots of children who do not have
:17:59. > :18:03.nice teeth. I don't want her to end up like that so I try to take care
:18:03. > :18:09.of them as much as I can. You have been campaigning long and hard for
:18:09. > :18:13.children to look after their teeth. Is the message getting through?
:18:13. > :18:18.is clear that children who have healthy teeth in child had have
:18:18. > :18:22.much greater chance of having healthy teeth later in life. Is the
:18:22. > :18:26.message getting through? As we know sugar is still the major cause of
:18:26. > :18:30.tooth decay, it is a preventable disease. I think some parents do
:18:30. > :18:35.not really value the baby teeth, they think they do not matter, they
:18:35. > :18:41.are just baby teeth, they will drop out. I do not think parents realise
:18:41. > :18:44.that there is a lot of severe toothache and infection that can be
:18:44. > :18:48.caused it if they are affected by tooth decay. Corin has learnt the
:18:48. > :18:53.hard way about the importance of looking after his teeth. Dentists
:18:53. > :18:57.now what the other children to take dental hygiene seriously, or they
:18:58. > :19:01.might find it is something they live to regret. I have learned that
:19:01. > :19:06.you should look after your teeth properly because otherwise they
:19:06. > :19:11.will decay. What would you say to other boys and girls your age?
:19:11. > :19:20.would say just do your teeth twice a day and do not eat too many
:19:20. > :19:24.sweets. Good advice! Just outside the village, I have
:19:24. > :19:28.come to see this fantastic Observatory. It is run by a group
:19:28. > :19:33.of astronomers who use their telescopes to study the sky. What
:19:33. > :19:38.if you want to look deeper and further into the galaxy and beyond.
:19:38. > :19:48.For that you will need a different type of telescope, one pioneered by
:19:48. > :19:56.
:19:56. > :20:00.These giant dishes are picking up signals, signals from outer space.
:20:01. > :20:05.They are detecting the faintest of radio waves from our galaxy and far
:20:05. > :20:10.beyond. The sun, stars and all other objects in the universe
:20:10. > :20:14.produce radio waves. Like light, these ways of being emitted as we
:20:14. > :20:24.speak and are constantly coming into our atmosphere. The signals
:20:24. > :20:26.
:20:27. > :20:30.are very weak but some are from the This is Lords Bridge in Cambridge.
:20:30. > :20:38.Astrophysicists from the Cavendish Laboratory have been studying the
:20:38. > :20:42.origins of the universe here from the 1950s. From the faintest radio
:20:42. > :20:48.waves, they can create a map of the universe and the stars and planets
:20:48. > :20:53.within it. Natasha Hurely-Walker is an astrophysicist and an expert in
:20:53. > :21:00.radio astronomy. The Earth is constantly receiving radio signals
:21:00. > :21:04.from many Astra physical objects. These telescopes around us are
:21:04. > :21:09.optimised to receive those very faint signals. Radio waves are
:21:09. > :21:15.created when there are high energy Astrophysical phenomenon. For
:21:15. > :21:21.instance when a black hole sucks in more matter. Optical astronomy uses
:21:21. > :21:31.the frequencies of light that we can see with our own eyes. Radio
:21:31. > :21:34.
:21:34. > :21:39.astronomers are only used very low light. If you gathered all the
:21:39. > :21:49.radio waves that had been received here over 30 years, you would only
:21:49. > :21:52.
:21:52. > :21:55.be able to power a weak light bulb. The very first radio telescopes
:21:56. > :22:01.hearing Cambridge were very simple, but effective. They were able to
:22:01. > :22:06.receive signals from outer space. This array of telescopes was
:22:06. > :22:16.mothballed years ago but they stand as a tribute to their early
:22:16. > :22:17.
:22:17. > :22:24.discoverers. Professor Malcolm long hair -- Professor Malcolm Longair.
:22:24. > :22:30.What used to go one in here? This is the control centre for the
:22:30. > :22:33.Cambridge one-mile radio telescope. It was the first telescope able to
:22:33. > :22:37.track the sky with separate telescopes and then reconstruct
:22:37. > :22:41.from these data, the images of the sources we were looking at on the
:22:41. > :22:46.sky. Can you remember the first time you saw an image created by
:22:46. > :22:52.this telescope? I remember it very vividly. It is one of these
:22:52. > :22:56.transformational moments. Suddenly these images you have been looking
:22:56. > :23:01.at as objects, now you see the details of their structure. This
:23:01. > :23:07.was very important. We saw the shells of exploding stars, where
:23:07. > :23:11.they had only been points before that time. We saw extraordinarily
:23:11. > :23:21.powerful sources of energy, powered by black holes. It was very
:23:21. > :23:24.
:23:25. > :23:28.It is all very different now. The large array of telescopes at Lords
:23:28. > :23:33.Bridge is more sensitive and accurate giving more information
:23:33. > :23:38.about the universe. It uses a different and Turner has
:23:38. > :23:43.surrounding us up here to build up data on a given object in the sky.
:23:43. > :23:47.It will be able to track across that object and the sky and keep an
:23:47. > :23:55.image at all times. This is an optical image of the galaxy for us
:23:55. > :24:02.to look at. If we look at it in the radio, using data from around, you
:24:03. > :24:07.can see he points in the data. This is an optical image of the Milky
:24:07. > :24:13.Way. It is obscured by a dust, prevented the light from the stars
:24:13. > :24:19.getting to us. However, if you look at the radio, you can see there are
:24:19. > :24:27.large scale arks, telling us about the magnetic field in the Milky Way.
:24:27. > :24:31.They do not just use large telescopes, small telescopes are
:24:31. > :24:38.used to see galaxy clusters. They keep them tucked away for a very
:24:38. > :24:41.good reason. They are just through here. The smaller telescopes pick
:24:41. > :24:46.up more powerful radio waves from the universe. They are used to
:24:46. > :24:51.detect the largest objects that exist, galaxy clusters. The dishes
:24:51. > :24:55.have to be shielded from radio waves that we create. Aeroplanes
:24:55. > :25:00.are a problem, satellite sorry problem. The ground Shield does a
:25:00. > :25:06.good job at removing interference so they can just pick up the
:25:06. > :25:10.astronomical signal. They work 20 hours a day, every day of the year.
:25:10. > :25:15.Constantly receiving radio signals from different galaxies. These are
:25:15. > :25:20.the larger be -- largest gravitationally bound structures in
:25:20. > :25:23.the universe. It puts our place into perspective, we like to
:25:24. > :25:28.explore the world around us and this is an extension of that. With
:25:28. > :25:33.these telescopes we can look back in time, we can look at the whole
:25:33. > :25:37.universe and see our place in it. I think that is important. This
:25:37. > :25:42.telescope array hearing Cambridge is impressive, there are bigger
:25:42. > :25:47.ones around the world picking up radio waves from distant galaxies.
:25:47. > :25:57.Imagine hundreds of dishes like this, spec -- stretching as far as
:25:57. > :25:58.
:25:58. > :26:05.the iCAN see. Tempos and times more -- 10,000 times more powerful. The
:26:05. > :26:11.team here are working on the Square Kilometre Array. The biggest
:26:11. > :26:14.telescope ever built. It will look at how galaxies are born and evolve.
:26:14. > :26:19.The Square Kilometre Array is an international project, with many
:26:19. > :26:25.countries calling their resources. Expertise in Cambridge will help to
:26:25. > :26:30.build it. The SKA is the next generation in radio telescope. It
:26:30. > :26:39.will be more sensitive, we will be able to survey the sky up to a
:26:39. > :26:45.million times more faster -- faster than we have been able to. What we
:26:45. > :26:48.are doing hearing Cambridge is a number of different aspects of the
:26:48. > :26:54.technology development. One of the really important wants is to
:26:54. > :26:59.develop an antenna. It has to be very cheap and quick to deploy.
:26:59. > :27:04.There will be around half a million of these antenna. We are also
:27:04. > :27:08.working out where you put the antenna on the ground. Way you put
:27:08. > :27:11.the telescopes on the ground is key to the information you are
:27:11. > :27:16.measuring from the sky. We are entering a phase where we are doing
:27:16. > :27:21.detailed design and we hope to start building the telescope in
:27:21. > :27:25.2016, either in Australia or South Africa. The Square Kilometre Array
:27:25. > :27:29.is the most exciting thing to happen in astrophysics and Natasha
:27:29. > :27:36.wants to be a part of it. It is going to be the biggest radio
:27:36. > :27:41.telescope ever built. It will be the most wonderful thing. I have an
:27:41. > :27:46.opportunity to work to -- to move to Australia to work on a prototype
:27:46. > :27:50.to the S K. I am looking forward to starting my post there. We will see
:27:50. > :27:54.deeper and further back in time. We will the cat many objects at the
:27:54. > :28:00.same time. It is extremely exciting. But it will be a long wait, the
:28:00. > :28:06.final phase will not be completed until 2025. But in the history of
:28:06. > :28:11.the universe, that is no time at all.
:28:11. > :28:15.And, for astronomy a little closer to home, the BBC is organising
:28:15. > :28:19.star-gazing events across our region. There is a big one in
:28:19. > :28:25.Cambridgeshire and the North Essex astronomical Society is hosting one
:28:25. > :28:34.in Essex. Don't forget, star-gazing live is on in half-an-hour on BBC
:28:34. > :28:37.Two. Frankie for your tweets last week. I will see you next week with
:28:37. > :28:42.these stories. Is the cost of car insurance
:28:42. > :28:47.tempting young people to drive illegally? I have to walk to school,
:28:47. > :28:53.so I see my car on the way out and there is always a temptation there.