0:00:02 > 0:00:05We ask why the Environment Agency doesn't know how much raw sewage
0:00:05 > 0:00:10is being released into our rivers.
0:00:10 > 0:00:13And when sewage goes unchecked, businesses suffer.
0:00:14 > 0:00:15It was unfit to harvest shellfish,
0:00:15 > 0:00:20because they would be poisonous to the public.
0:00:20 > 0:00:23We spend time with Lauri Love, who is accused of stealing data
0:00:23 > 0:00:26from the United States government.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29It's just absurd that someone should be sent to a foreign prison system
0:00:29 > 0:00:34which leaves a lot to be desired.
0:00:34 > 0:00:41And a landmark battle on land, 350 years ago.
0:00:41 > 0:00:44Revealing the stories that matter closer to home.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46That's tonight's Inside Out.
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Hello, welcome to Felixstowe, on the Suffolk coast.
0:00:59 > 0:01:02This is the last programme in our current series.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04The quality of our water is vital.
0:01:04 > 0:01:14Hundreds of people's jobs rely on it, and the shellfish
0:01:14 > 0:01:16from our shores ends up in top restaurants around the world.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19But Inside Out has discovered the Environment Agency doesn't know
0:01:19 > 0:01:20exactly how much raw sewage
0:01:20 > 0:01:22is being released into our rivers and estuaries.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26Here's Richard Daniel.
0:01:33 > 0:01:36These tidal mudflats and salt marshes attract hundreds
0:01:36 > 0:01:42of thousands of wetland birds every year.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44It's an area that's considered so important both to wildlife
0:01:44 > 0:01:48and the shellfishing industry that its protected by law.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53The River Roach is part of the country's largest inshore
0:01:53 > 0:01:56Marine Conservation Zone.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59It is a huge area -
0:01:59 > 0:02:01it's about 100 square miles of inshore waters
0:02:01 > 0:02:06from Clacton in the north to Foulness Point in the south.
0:02:06 > 0:02:11So you might be surprised to learn that water companies can
0:02:11 > 0:02:16and do release raw sewage into places like this.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19Now, this big pipe behind me is a storm overflow.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Now usually when we put stuff down our drains, our sinks,
0:02:22 > 0:02:25and our toilets that material goes to a sewage treatment works
0:02:25 > 0:02:29where it's dealt with.
0:02:29 > 0:02:32But when there's torrential rain, water companies are allowed
0:02:32 > 0:02:35to put out raw sewage through pipes like this.
0:02:35 > 0:02:44It finds its way into rivers, estuaries and the sea.
0:02:44 > 0:02:48This is Barton Hall, on the River Roach near Southend.
0:02:48 > 0:02:54Two years ago, water tests revealed there was a problem.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56We received a letter saying the river had been closed.
0:02:56 > 0:03:02The E.coli count was so very high and when we looked at it was 93,000
0:03:02 > 0:03:08when it would normally be in the very low hundreds
0:03:08 > 0:03:10and it was unfit to harvest shellfish because they would be
0:03:10 > 0:03:13poisonous to the public.
0:03:13 > 0:03:14Rightly so.
0:03:14 > 0:03:16And of course we were devastated.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19Because at that time we actually had a company that were looking
0:03:19 > 0:03:21to buy the river from us.
0:03:21 > 0:03:26And that was going to be our pension.
0:03:26 > 0:03:28Shellfishing at Barton Hall was banned.
0:03:28 > 0:03:31The Environment Agency says sewage
0:03:31 > 0:03:33was getting into the river upstream -
0:03:33 > 0:03:36homes hadn't been plumbed in properly.
0:03:36 > 0:03:43Anglian Water says that wasn't its fault but fixed the problems.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46It also repaired a partly-collapsed sewer,
0:03:46 > 0:03:49and cleared some partly blocked sewers.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53The Environment Agency says the river is recovering.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56Why was the problem able to develop?
0:03:56 > 0:03:58Just sort of crept up on us, really.
0:03:58 > 0:04:00Less people around these days from the agency
0:04:00 > 0:04:02looking into the river.
0:04:02 > 0:04:06These things just caught us unawares, really.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08Do you actually know at the moment how often
0:04:08 > 0:04:12raw sewage is going into our rivers and estuaries?
0:04:12 > 0:04:14"No" is the quick answer.
0:04:14 > 0:04:15We don't.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19There is no sort of system actually monitoring
0:04:19 > 0:04:21when many of these overflows do operate.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24I think a lot of people will find that astounding.
0:04:24 > 0:04:25So why is that?
0:04:25 > 0:04:31Basically, there hasn't been the money or the wherewithal
0:04:31 > 0:04:35to actually monitor these things closely.
0:04:35 > 0:04:41So why does water quality matter so much?
0:04:41 > 0:04:42For two and a half centuries, the Haward family
0:04:42 > 0:04:45has been harvesting in the Blackwater Estuary.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48Their oysters end up in top restaurants around the world.
0:04:48 > 0:04:54They only come from good quality waters, and are regularly checked
0:04:54 > 0:04:57to make sure they're safe to eat.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00We bring the oysters in here and we put them in these trays,
0:05:00 > 0:05:04which have got salt water running through them which has been purified
0:05:04 > 0:05:07by passing ultra violet tubes, and then the oysters purify
0:05:07 > 0:05:08themselves by pumping the clean sea water
0:05:08 > 0:05:11because they naturally do that to feed.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13So how long do they stay in here then?
0:05:13 > 0:05:15They're in here for 42 hours.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Then we drain them down we take them out and pack them and send
0:05:18 > 0:05:21them away to customers.
0:05:21 > 0:05:23And will be on a table very quickly where?
0:05:23 > 0:05:33Could be the other side of the world in two days.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35If we don't have good water quality, we're very unlikely to get oysters
0:05:35 > 0:05:38spawning successfully and thereby maintaining and increasing the stock
0:05:38 > 0:05:43of oysters in the area.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46And it's not just the fishermen who rely on clean water.
0:05:46 > 0:05:47Here we are.
0:05:47 > 0:05:48Two thirds sky, it's a beautiful habitat,
0:05:48 > 0:05:51beautiful environment, and it's really our
0:05:51 > 0:05:54last natural habitat.
0:05:54 > 0:05:55Essex Wildlife Trust looks after this nature reserve
0:05:55 > 0:06:00at Fingringhoe Wick.
0:06:00 > 0:06:07We've got red shank, we've got avocet, and grey plover,
0:06:07 > 0:06:13a particularly important bird here on the Colne estuary.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16This is a really precious, important area ? the Essex
0:06:16 > 0:06:18estuaries support many tens, hundreds of thousands of wading
0:06:18 > 0:06:20birds that are coming in from northern Europe
0:06:20 > 0:06:21in the winter.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23So we have an obligation, we have a responsibility
0:06:23 > 0:06:27to protect these areas, not just for ourselves and the birds
0:06:27 > 0:06:31that use them in the winter, but for the whole of Europe.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35Anglian Water says, on the rivers Blackwater, Roach and Crouch,
0:06:35 > 0:06:39it has 43 storm overflows but it only has to monitor half of them.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42So what do you think of the fact that Anglian Water can legally,
0:06:42 > 0:06:47from time to time, discharge raw sewage into this environment?
0:06:47 > 0:06:53Well, clearly we're not happy that situation.
0:06:53 > 0:06:55We hope that over time it will get better
0:06:55 > 0:07:01and we will cease those sort of discharges.
0:07:01 > 0:07:05We are sinking a shaft into the ground here,
0:07:05 > 0:07:07to a depth of 22 metres.
0:07:07 > 0:07:12Anglian Water is responsible for the sewers in the region.
0:07:12 > 0:07:20So what does it have to say?
0:07:20 > 0:07:24The fact is, the Environment Agency has told us they don't
0:07:24 > 0:07:27know the quantity of sewage you're putting into the environment,
0:07:27 > 0:07:28and how frequently.
0:07:28 > 0:07:29That cannot be acceptable.
0:07:29 > 0:07:30We do it under permit.
0:07:30 > 0:07:32It is authorised by the Environment Agency,
0:07:32 > 0:07:34and it only ever happens if the system has been
0:07:34 > 0:07:35inundated with rainwater.
0:07:35 > 0:07:45Say you cannot tell me how much you're doing,
0:07:47 > 0:07:49how money times you're doing this, or how much sewage
0:07:49 > 0:07:50you're putting in?
0:07:50 > 0:07:53I can tell you in terms of how frequently in this particular
0:07:53 > 0:07:55area have triggered, and we're looking somewhere
0:07:55 > 0:07:57in the region of, based on the last three years data,
0:07:57 > 0:08:00one in every five that is here that has triggered.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02We are working very closely with the agency in terms
0:08:02 > 0:08:05of installing monitors to give us a better idea of how
0:08:05 > 0:08:07much volume goes out, to help us with these impact
0:08:07 > 0:08:09assessments and to target where investment needs to be made.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11So when will this problem be sorted?
0:08:11 > 0:08:13When will you stop putting raw sewage out
0:08:13 > 0:08:14into rivers and estuaries?
0:08:14 > 0:08:17I think there will always be a need to make sure there are safeguards
0:08:17 > 0:08:20systems on sewerage networks, because if you don't people's homes
0:08:20 > 0:08:24will become flooded with sewage.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27What I can say is that the incidents where this happens are carefully
0:08:27 > 0:08:28monitored, we're doing everything
0:08:28 > 0:08:30we can that they don't happen very frequently,
0:08:30 > 0:08:33and when they do happen, as we have here at Southend,
0:08:33 > 0:08:35we're investing to put additional storm storage in or additional
0:08:35 > 0:08:37solutions to reduce the likelihood.
0:08:37 > 0:08:42Anglian Water says it isn't doing anything wrong,
0:08:42 > 0:08:44and provides the information it's legally required to.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46The Environment Agency told us most of the time sewage discharges
0:08:46 > 0:08:47don't cause a problem.
0:08:47 > 0:08:54But it also admits it to has to do more.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57We are now requiring the water companies to put on monitors that
0:08:57 > 0:09:07will be able to tell when discharges to start and stop.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10By the early '20s, we should be in a position where we've got
0:09:10 > 0:09:13the information and them we can, on a priority basis,
0:09:13 > 0:09:14get these overflows improved.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16Last month, the shell fishing ban on the River Roach
0:09:16 > 0:09:23at Barton Hall was finally lifted.
0:09:23 > 0:09:26It's part of a network of places that we must look
0:09:26 > 0:09:27after, for all of us.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30Not just for me as a fisherman, everybody.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33You know, these estuaries are stunning, and they're
0:09:33 > 0:09:38so important, not just for wildlife, but for people's livelihoods too,
0:09:38 > 0:09:41but what we've found out is that we still have no idea how
0:09:41 > 0:09:47much sewage is finding its way into precious precious environments.
0:09:47 > 0:09:52And we're not likely to know until the end of the decade.
0:09:52 > 0:09:54So the question then is when, if ever,
0:09:54 > 0:09:55will the problem be sorted out?
0:10:03 > 0:10:05Well, if there's something you think we should be looking
0:10:05 > 0:10:08into here on the programme, you can get in touch with me
0:10:08 > 0:10:15on Twitter or drop me an e-mail.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17You're watching Inside Out for the East of England,
0:10:17 > 0:10:23right here on BBC One.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25Later on, the little-known battle that happened
0:10:25 > 0:10:28right here in Felixstowe
0:10:28 > 0:10:31that helped to give us the modern day Royal Marines.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34Four months ago, Lauri Love from Suffolk was told he could face
0:10:34 > 0:10:3699 years in prison if convicted of hacking allegations against
0:10:36 > 0:10:41the United States government.
0:10:41 > 0:10:43The 32-year-old, who has Asperger's, is fighting extradition.
0:10:43 > 0:10:47We've spent some time with him.
0:10:49 > 0:10:56This is basically a whole computer processing unit,
0:10:56 > 0:10:59sort of spread out and split up so you can see all the operations
0:10:59 > 0:11:00in terms of logic gates.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02In an actual computer, this entire thing is smaller
0:11:02 > 0:11:09than your finger nail and a million times faster.
0:11:09 > 0:11:11After a while in primary school, it was identified that
0:11:11 > 0:11:13I was getting a bit bored.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16So somebody came in for a while to give me some extra tuition.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18And we spent a lot of time on the computers,
0:11:18 > 0:11:21so I was introduced to databases.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24I stopped just playing the game on the computer and I realised
0:11:24 > 0:11:28that the game followed rules that I could list and I could get
0:11:28 > 0:11:32a listing of the entire code for the game and through thinking
0:11:32 > 0:11:33about it hard enough and through systematic
0:11:33 > 0:11:41methods of trial and error, I could change that game
0:11:41 > 0:11:50and I could make it easier or harder or cheat and get to the final level.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53From that, there was a great feeling of, I am no longer constricted
0:11:53 > 0:11:55and confined by the limited imagination of other people.
0:11:55 > 0:11:57You can play Tetris on it as well!
0:11:57 > 0:12:00It's very hard for me to be not be able to access information,
0:12:00 > 0:12:03using computers, that's the way I interface with the world.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05Being sent to a country that I've never visited to be locked up
0:12:05 > 0:12:09for the rest of my life would be like losing my sight,
0:12:09 > 0:12:19if I was locked away from technology, and I could only
0:12:20 > 0:12:23make a phone call to speak to family once a week.
0:12:23 > 0:12:23There you go, game over.
0:12:32 > 0:12:40I had a coffee, I was in this dressing gown, my mum calls to say
0:12:40 > 0:12:47there is a parcel for me, which does happen periodically.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50I came down, there was a guy in a UPS uniform, which seemed
0:12:50 > 0:12:51pretty consistent with that story.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53Sadly, instead of getting an interesting box full
0:12:53 > 0:12:55of interesting things, I got handcuffed and told
0:12:55 > 0:12:56that I was under arrest.
0:12:56 > 0:12:59Then the UPS delivery guy was actually a National Crime Agency
0:12:59 > 0:13:06officer, in inverted commas.
0:13:06 > 0:13:09Him and his 11 or so friends came into the house and started turning
0:13:09 > 0:13:10everything upside down.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13It took about four or five hours for them to effect
0:13:13 > 0:13:14their search and seizure.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16During which time my parents were very upset.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19My dad wasn't allowed to go outside get fresh air,
0:13:19 > 0:13:22despite having a heart condition.
0:13:22 > 0:13:26I had to try and reassure them that it was not the end of the world
0:13:26 > 0:13:32while thinking in my head, this is the end of the world.
0:13:32 > 0:13:34Eventually, about 11:30, I was driven to the police
0:13:34 > 0:13:36station in Bury St Edmunds.
0:13:59 > 0:14:03This is not right, that my son can be taken away.
0:14:03 > 0:14:08It is my belief that it is not fair or just that our boy,
0:14:08 > 0:14:10who has mental health issues, can be taken away from his family
0:14:10 > 0:14:13or his support network, merely to satisfy the desire
0:14:13 > 0:14:15of the Americans.
0:14:15 > 0:14:20It's wrong.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24You have to give my love to everyone.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27I would take you with me, but you're not allowed to leave the house.
0:14:27 > 0:14:28Yeah.
0:14:28 > 0:14:31Well, I've got bail again tomorrow.
0:14:35 > 0:14:39I just constantly watch Lauri's mental health be affected by this,
0:14:39 > 0:14:42because it is deeply worrying.
0:14:42 > 0:14:46I don't think anyone who has listened to the case
0:14:46 > 0:14:47envies his position one iota.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50The charges are clarified in the United States.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53The issue for me is that I haven't been charged in the UK.
0:14:53 > 0:15:03Nobody is requesting that I don't face justice,
0:15:04 > 0:15:07just that I face the justice of the country where
0:15:07 > 0:15:08I live and was born.
0:15:08 > 0:15:11I believe that Lauri should be allowed to have a trial in this
0:15:11 > 0:15:14country and pay the price for anything he may have done.
0:15:14 > 0:15:16I don't know what he's done, because that's not be my business
0:15:16 > 0:15:19to find out what he did or didn't do.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21He should pay the price for it.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23Assuming it's determined I did anything wrong!
0:15:23 > 0:15:30Exactly.
0:15:30 > 0:15:37In this country, the maximum is about three years.
0:15:37 > 0:15:39In America, they will lock him up for decades.
0:15:39 > 0:15:43They say that is just.
0:15:44 > 0:15:54I would imagine that I will have a significant about time in.
0:15:59 > 0:16:00-- in prison.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02It's absurd that someone should be sent to country
0:16:02 > 0:16:04they have never been, thousands of miles from
0:16:04 > 0:16:06from their friends and family, to face foreign law,
0:16:06 > 0:16:08foreign punishments in a foreign prison system.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11If there are no other options, if there is a choice
0:16:11 > 0:16:15between being subjected to the US justice system and being turned
0:16:15 > 0:16:19into an example or deterrent, or choosing to end my life,
0:16:20 > 0:16:30I do reserve the right to do that.
0:16:32 > 0:16:40# You can get it if you really want # Try and try, try and try... #
0:16:50 > 0:16:54We're just on the way to the police station,
0:16:54 > 0:16:56where I have to go and put a scribble
0:16:56 > 0:16:59on a bit of paper twice a week, between 12pm and 4pm
0:16:59 > 0:17:02on Monday and between 10am and 12pm on a Wednesday.
0:17:02 > 0:17:04I don't mind, but it's very tedious having all these bail conditions.
0:17:04 > 0:17:08I don't find going to see the police, but sometimes I've had
0:17:08 > 0:17:15to come all the way from far afield to get back in time for bail.
0:17:15 > 0:17:20Recently, they've been trying to make sure that I'm at home
0:17:20 > 0:17:22in bed at 9pm or 10pm.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24I'm not going to skip bail, I don't want my parents
0:17:24 > 0:17:27to lose their ?5,000, I won't get my passport back,
0:17:27 > 0:17:30and another be able to come back to the UK and ties
0:17:30 > 0:17:31with my friends and family.
0:17:31 > 0:17:33I'm not going anywhere until we had our appeals
0:17:33 > 0:17:35and gone through the process and hopefully won.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37It's unfortunate that rather than there being a swift justice
0:17:37 > 0:17:42in the UK, where by now I would be on the other end of it
0:17:42 > 0:17:52and getting on with my life, the long drawn-out process
0:17:54 > 0:17:57of there being three extradition requests has meant that I've had
0:17:57 > 0:18:03three years of another deal that I would not wish my enemies.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06It's not without it's cost, and it is constant in the fact that
0:18:06 > 0:18:11I have trouble sleeping.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14You can see it on my face, where my eczema flared up
0:18:14 > 0:18:16because of the stress.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19I constantly having to go to the doctor to get creams
0:18:19 > 0:18:20or to deal with infections.
0:18:20 > 0:18:23It takes it on my parents, who worry in some ways even more
0:18:23 > 0:18:27than me because if it's your child, it's difficult to imagine them going
0:18:27 > 0:18:28away and never seen them again.
0:18:38 > 0:18:42I have something resembling faith that things will turn out OK.
0:18:42 > 0:18:47It may just be a very slow process.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51We intend to win in court.
0:18:51 > 0:18:53Beyond winning, we intend to win to the extent
0:18:53 > 0:19:02that a precedent is set.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05I may be tried and convicted in the UK, but that's small fry
0:19:05 > 0:19:10compared to spending the rest of the life in America.
0:19:16 > 0:19:21This year is the 350th anniversary of the first ever land battle
0:19:21 > 0:19:24of the predecessors to the Royal Marines.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27It's a battle little-known by historians, but it happened
0:19:27 > 0:19:28right here in Felixstowe.
0:19:28 > 0:19:38The man who led the soldiers is a local hero.
0:19:39 > 0:19:41This shingle spit, off the Suffolk coast, is just next
0:19:41 > 0:19:48to the bustling port of Felixstowe.
0:19:48 > 0:19:51And it doesn't look like much, but this unassuming piece of coast
0:19:51 > 0:19:54has been a strategic military post for hundreds of years.
0:19:54 > 0:19:56And it helped to form one of the most elite fighting
0:19:56 > 0:20:01forces in the world - the Royal Marine Commandos.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04In 1543, King Henry VIII decided that the shipping route was too
0:20:04 > 0:20:09important to be left unprotected.
0:20:09 > 0:20:10The deep channel was an important trading route,
0:20:10 > 0:20:16much like it is today.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19So they made a makeshift fort with guns from the Tower of London.
0:20:19 > 0:20:22But it wasn't until 1628 that a proper fort was built,
0:20:22 > 0:20:28and it was about to really come into its own.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30350 years ago, there was a battle at Landguard Fort.
0:20:30 > 0:20:33It was a really David and Goliath type of affair.
0:20:33 > 0:20:421,500 Dutch soldiers were invading the Suffolk coast
0:20:42 > 0:20:49but at the Fort there were only 400 English soldiers.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52The battle only lasted about a day, but what happened
0:20:52 > 0:21:01here actually lead to the birth of the modern day Royal Marines.
0:21:01 > 0:21:03The elite fighting force that has fought more battles on sea
0:21:03 > 0:21:06and land than any other part of the British Armed Forces.
0:21:06 > 0:21:10The man seen by many as a founding father of the Royal Marines
0:21:10 > 0:21:12was Captain Nathanial Darryl of the Lord High Admiral's Regiment.
0:21:12 > 0:21:14It was the forerunner to the Royal Marines.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16He was in charge and also the commander of Landguard Fort.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19Paul Grant works at the Fort, and knows all the history.
0:21:19 > 0:21:22There have been fortifications down here since Henry VIII's time,
0:21:22 > 0:21:25because this a strategic location to defend the port of Harwich.
0:21:25 > 0:21:28It's nothing to do with Felixstowe, it's all about defending Harwich.
0:21:28 > 0:21:32It was a really important deep water port even in medieval times.
0:21:32 > 0:21:34The reason for that is any ships wanting to get
0:21:34 > 0:21:41into Harwich will have to go through the deepwater channel,
0:21:41 > 0:21:51and it comes very close to the Felixstowe side.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54This was the best place to actually put the fort to defend the Port
0:21:54 > 0:21:55of Harwich at the time.
0:21:55 > 0:21:58Captain Darryl was based here during the Anglo Dutch War.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01They were fighting over trade routes and ships were being attacked
0:22:01 > 0:22:02and sunk on both sides.
0:22:02 > 0:22:03The Dutch fleet had the upper hand.
0:22:03 > 0:22:05There'd been a massive battle in the Medway,
0:22:05 > 0:22:07and the English had been humiliated.
0:22:07 > 0:22:14And so the Dutch, after the Medway, they were looking for other
0:22:14 > 0:22:16opportunities to force the hand, force the British into some
0:22:16 > 0:22:17negotiations and get the upper hand.
0:22:17 > 0:22:24So they picked on Harwich.
0:22:24 > 0:22:26It was a very important deepwater port, and had
0:22:26 > 0:22:27a naval dockyard there.
0:22:27 > 0:22:29So they sent a fleet to sink it.
0:22:29 > 0:22:31So a really impressive fleet.
0:22:31 > 0:22:38Dutch warships were gathering out here between Harwich and Felixstowe.
0:22:38 > 0:22:43But before they could attack the Harwich naval dockyard,
0:22:43 > 0:22:45they had to take out the fort first.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48So they strategically landed their soldiers
0:22:48 > 0:22:50here at Kobold's Point.
0:22:50 > 0:22:52They marched down with scaling ladders, and dragged
0:22:52 > 0:22:55small cannon with them.
0:22:55 > 0:23:01They got down to the fort and commenced their assault.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03It was the Musketeers of the Lord High Admiral's Regiment
0:23:03 > 0:23:06which really were the most effective for the first Dutch assault.
0:23:06 > 0:23:08The Dutch were charging at the fort, trying
0:23:08 > 0:23:14to get over the walls.
0:23:14 > 0:23:16The fort is a bit different to this one here,
0:23:16 > 0:23:19it was basically sand and earth banks turfed up, and the Dutch
0:23:19 > 0:23:20were trying to get in.
0:23:20 > 0:23:23The musket fire from the Marines just kept them at bay.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26Another thing that happened was a small ship came out
0:23:26 > 0:23:28of Harwich, just with a few small cannon on it,
0:23:28 > 0:23:30all the Navy could muster, but started firing
0:23:30 > 0:23:32across into the shingle
0:23:32 > 0:23:39where the Dutch were taking cover from the musket fire.
0:23:39 > 0:23:49The cannon balls, although they were small,
0:23:52 > 0:23:54they sprayed up the shingle which acted like shrapnel,
0:23:54 > 0:23:55causing injuries.
0:23:55 > 0:23:57They made a second attempt to storm the fought,
0:23:57 > 0:23:58but again they were beaten back.
0:23:58 > 0:24:01The Dutch ran back down here, to where they'd been dropped off
0:24:01 > 0:24:04earlier in the day and fled back to their ships.
0:24:04 > 0:24:07Captain Darryl and his men had won, but it also changed the face
0:24:07 > 0:24:10of the armed forces because this was the very first ever land battle
0:24:10 > 0:24:14of the Royal Marines.
0:24:15 > 0:24:19Every year, they celebrate Darryl's day at Landguard fort.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22It is open to everyone, and even Royal Marines come out
0:24:22 > 0:24:26to remember captain Darryl.
0:24:31 > 0:24:34Warrant Officer Jake Laidlaw is a Royal Marine veteran and today
0:24:34 > 0:24:44he's in charge of the parade.
0:24:46 > 0:24:50I joined in 1954, I did 18 months learning to be a bugler and drummer,
0:24:50 > 0:24:53and then was drafted onto the HMS Gambia for the Far East,
0:24:53 > 0:24:56and the flagship, which was a cruiser.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59From then, I rose the ranks and became a trained infantryman.
0:24:59 > 0:25:08Then I served in Singapore, Malaysia, Borneo, Cyprus.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11When you joined the Marines, were you ever aware of what actually
0:25:11 > 0:25:13happened with Darryl and the efforts and the battle that
0:25:13 > 0:25:14happened here at Landguard?
0:25:14 > 0:25:15No, I wasn't.
0:25:15 > 0:25:17It was about three years ago that I really got
0:25:17 > 0:25:20to hear about it, you know?
0:25:20 > 0:25:23Goodness me, you served your entire life in the Royal Marines,
0:25:23 > 0:25:26and this was pretty much the birth of what we have today
0:25:26 > 0:25:27as the Royal Marines, and you never knew?
0:25:27 > 0:25:28After three decades?
0:25:28 > 0:25:30No, it was not part of our history.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33We have so much history in the Royal Marines that I suppose
0:25:33 > 0:25:35it wasn't one of the big events, you know?
0:25:35 > 0:25:39What do you think was going through his mind when faced
0:25:39 > 0:25:47with that kind of manpower coming at him down the coast,
0:25:47 > 0:25:50they'd landed at Kobold's Point, and were headed to Landguard Fort.
0:25:50 > 0:25:53As somebody who was in command, what would he have been thinking?
0:25:53 > 0:25:54Utter panic. Utter panic.
0:25:54 > 0:25:55I mean, to have odds like that.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57It was three to one.
0:25:57 > 0:26:01So he was amazing.
0:26:01 > 0:26:06He decided to hold the fort.
0:26:06 > 0:26:08That is fantastic with the amount of people.
0:26:08 > 0:26:10Bearing in mind the infantryman he had were battle hardened,
0:26:10 > 0:26:11so they won't novices.
0:26:11 > 0:26:15That's what gave them the advantage against the Dutch.
0:26:15 > 0:26:20Do you think he was a hero?
0:26:20 > 0:26:21Yes, I do.
0:26:21 > 0:26:24As far as we are concerned, he's our hero.
0:26:24 > 0:26:30That's why we come together to celebrate once a year.
0:26:30 > 0:26:33Sergeant Major Mick Hernaman is with the Royal Marine reserves.
0:26:33 > 0:26:35He's here today to pay tribute to captain Darryl.
0:26:35 > 0:26:39What do you think was going through his head when he was faced
0:26:39 > 0:26:40with this approaching raid?
0:26:40 > 0:26:50I would think, from my experience, you've got to get on with the job.
0:26:51 > 0:26:52Obviously, in my time, automatic weapons,
0:26:52 > 0:26:54you can let off a lot of rounds.
0:26:54 > 0:26:56For some reason, that does calm you.
0:26:56 > 0:26:59It must've been harder when you've got a sword or a musket which takes
0:26:59 > 0:27:01about a minute and a half to load.
0:27:01 > 0:27:04I think an awful lot would be going through his mind.
0:27:04 > 0:27:07But focusing on his job and getting that done and basically not getting
0:27:07 > 0:27:11hurt so you can continue with your job.
0:27:11 > 0:27:15Do the Marines owe something to captain Darryl?
0:27:15 > 0:27:17Up to then, they fought and ships, hadn't had any
0:27:17 > 0:27:18significant land battles.
0:27:18 > 0:27:21Here it was, a turning point in history.
0:27:21 > 0:27:23Not necessarily in the Marines, but the whole country,
0:27:23 > 0:27:24certainly this area of Britain.
0:27:24 > 0:27:26We need our heroes, don't we?
0:27:26 > 0:27:27Someone that
0:27:27 > 0:27:28did something right.
0:27:28 > 0:27:29I do like the Dutch!
0:27:29 > 0:27:34We're all friends now.
0:27:34 > 0:27:36Captain Darryl was injured in the battle,
0:27:37 > 0:27:38but made a full recovery.
0:27:38 > 0:27:44People called him a hero, but not long after the battle
0:27:44 > 0:27:46at Landguard Fort, he seems to disappear out
0:27:46 > 0:27:53of the history books.
0:27:53 > 0:27:54No one knows what happened to him.
0:27:54 > 0:27:59England was down, it had had the great Fire of London,
0:27:59 > 0:28:05the plague, attacks by the Dutch, the Dutch had
0:28:05 > 0:28:12humiliated the King, it had humiliated the Royal Navy.
0:28:12 > 0:28:15Finally, one man stood up with his men in Landguard and won
0:28:15 > 0:28:17a small but important victory for the English.
0:28:17 > 0:28:19And the 350th anniversary celebrations take place this summer.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22That's good for this series, but I'll be back in the autumn.
0:28:22 > 0:28:25In the meantime, we're going through all stories you sent in.
0:28:25 > 0:28:28If you want to add to those, get in touch with me
0:28:28 > 0:28:29by e-mail or on Twitter.
0:28:29 > 0:28:34That's it from Felixstowe.
0:28:34 > 0:28:37I'll catch up with you later in the year.
0:28:37 > 0:28:38Take care, goodbye.
0:28:38 > 0:28:40In the meantime, next Monday, there is a special programme
0:28:40 > 0:28:43as the internationally renowned photographer Rankin visits Norfolk
0:28:43 > 0:28:47to uncovered the remarkable story of Olive Edis.
0:28:47 > 0:28:49Had any male photographer photographed such a range
0:28:49 > 0:28:55of society the way she did, it would have been worthy of note.
0:28:55 > 0:29:00The fact it was a moment at a time when men dominated society
0:29:00 > 0:29:03makes her truly extraordinary.
0:29:11 > 0:29:13Hello, I'm Sima Kotecha with your 90 second update.
0:29:13 > 0:29:15Patients in England face longer waits
0:29:15 > 0:29:16for operations such as knee and hip replacements.
0:29:16 > 0:29:18The boss of NHS England says it's the "trade-off"
0:29:18 > 0:29:21for improved care in other areas, such as cancer.
0:29:21 > 0:29:22A man's been charged with murder,
0:29:22 > 0:29:24after Tracey Wilkinson and her 13-year-old son Pierce
0:29:24 > 0:29:26were stabbed to death at their home in Stourbridge.
0:29:26 > 0:29:2823-year-old Aaron Barley is also charged
0:29:28 > 0:29:31with seriously injuring the boy's father, Peter.
0:29:31 > 0:29:34Spain could block any new UK trade deal with the EU -
0:29:34 > 0:29:35over the future of Gibraltar.