:00:25. > :00:31.which some people may find I think he was desperate. I think
:00:31. > :00:41.he was at the end of his tether. He desperately needed help and he
:00:41. > :00:46.
:00:46. > :00:50.turned to the people we have always I am in the street where police
:00:50. > :01:00.were called to the aid of a young man who was threatening to take his
:01:00. > :01:03.own life and train out for their help. It was in the early morning
:01:03. > :01:13.in February 2008 when Christofer Walker made this distressing call
:01:13. > :01:29.
:01:29. > :01:33.It is harrowing because it is money child. I do not want to listen to
:01:33. > :01:41.it any more. Christopher's mother has been trying to find out more
:01:41. > :01:48.about the circumstances surrounding her son's death. He was pretty
:01:48. > :01:55.desperate. He wanted somebody to help him. He did not have been a
:01:55. > :02:04.credit on his mobile and the police is the only number you could call.
:02:04. > :02:11.He specifically for the police. Christofer knew the local police
:02:11. > :02:21.and had been in touch with them before. He was a kind and gentle
:02:21. > :02:22.
:02:22. > :02:27.man. He was independent. He was marginally autistic. He was
:02:27. > :02:35.slightly unusual and people like that are generally bullied and
:02:35. > :02:42.taken advantage of, but he got on with life. He was facing eviction
:02:42. > :02:52.from his form and that upset him. A was that what was upsetting him the
:02:52. > :02:52.
:02:52. > :02:57.most? I really do not know if that was it. He talked to his
:02:57. > :03:03.grandmother and then went back to his flat. He talked to work late at
:03:03. > :03:13.night and then got a meal. And then something went wrong. We do not
:03:13. > :03:19.
:03:20. > :03:28.know all went wrong. To this day, Christofer made this emergency call
:03:28. > :03:31.at 125 in the morning. The police operator correctly lob his call as
:03:32. > :03:36.the Dean and immediate response - be raised priority which could be
:03:36. > :03:46.given. It means the police unit should arrive at the house within
:03:46. > :03:58.
:03:58. > :04:04.As we come here, the operator asks an ambulance service to attained.
:04:04. > :04:08.The vehicle is dispatched immediately. The pill that
:04:08. > :04:15.Christofer has over does don't wear for his heart condition and there
:04:15. > :04:21.is no antidote. The ambulance arrived quickly, by 131 in the
:04:21. > :04:26.morning. But they had not been told which of the flats Christofer lived
:04:26. > :04:36.in. He did not get any response from any of the flat. The police
:04:36. > :04:37.
:04:37. > :04:42.should have been the within 10 minutes. The police despite richer
:04:42. > :04:49.decided to downgrade the call from an immediate response to resolution
:04:49. > :04:56.without deployment. It means the police will not attained. What
:04:56. > :05:06.happens next was a crucial delay. The ambulance driver was unable to
:05:06. > :05:09.
:05:09. > :05:14.If the police had been there, the police have the power to use force
:05:14. > :05:21.to enter the flat. Once more, they had not passed on his phone number,
:05:21. > :05:31.so crucial minutes went by any. When eventually the ambulanceman
:05:31. > :05:31.
:05:31. > :05:38.got hold of a neighbour he managed to get access to Christofer. By
:05:38. > :05:47.this time, Christofer was extremely groggy. It was over and all were
:05:47. > :05:53.later before he left for hospital. If they had been able to do their
:05:53. > :05:58.duty as they were meant to do, Christofer would have done what
:05:58. > :06:08.they had asked him to do. If they had just said, Christofer, we need
:06:08. > :06:09.
:06:09. > :06:14.to get you to the hospital, he would hold on immediately. At that
:06:14. > :06:21.point, Christopher's only hope was that his stomach was pumped
:06:21. > :06:30.straight away. This delay of over one or were made that was simply
:06:30. > :06:39.too late. He died at the hospital. In mental illness charity has
:06:39. > :06:43.listen to recall and the case has raised alarm bells. He was clearly
:06:43. > :06:49.asking for help and we now understand that the police did not
:06:49. > :06:59.attained at all. The coroner said that the police's failure to not
:06:59. > :07:00.
:07:00. > :07:03.attained had not affected the outcome. But after a complete to
:07:03. > :07:13.the Police Complaints Commission, they have admitted that there was a
:07:13. > :07:20.fault. We have apologised privately to Christofer's mother. It is clear
:07:20. > :07:26.that this scene should have been attended. It is useful to know some
:07:26. > :07:36.context. In the last month, we have deal with 215 calls relating to
:07:36. > :07:43.
:07:43. > :07:48.suicides. How do you react to them? The investigating inspector told us
:07:48. > :07:58.that if we knew what the other units we're doing in the town at
:07:58. > :08:02.
:08:02. > :08:07.eight we may not be impressed. you explain that? No, I cannot.
:08:07. > :08:15.What I am saying is that when you have an immediate priority, we need
:08:15. > :08:20.to find the resources to deal with that. Since his death, the Police
:08:20. > :08:30.Complaints Commission would investigate if briefcases of the
:08:30. > :08:36.
:08:37. > :08:46.similar fashion. -- bereaved cases. The deaths you refer to where
:08:46. > :08:53.between 2009 and 2010. What we have done subsequently is introduced a
:08:53. > :09:00.new technology. The Independent Police Complaints Commission has
:09:00. > :09:07.now made OECD's of recommendations. They say that the system for
:09:07. > :09:10.vulnerable people needs to be clear or and more consistent. Because
:09:10. > :09:16.someone who has the mental health problem and feeling suicidal, there
:09:16. > :09:26.is this feeling that this is not as important as some other emergency
:09:26. > :09:28.
:09:28. > :09:35.situation. Be need to get away from it. The allegation is that maybe
:09:35. > :09:42.the police do not treat suicide cases like this as a priority
:09:42. > :09:52.because of the mental health issues? I totally refute that. We
:09:52. > :09:53.
:09:53. > :10:02.treat each case on its own merits. For Carlisle, it has been agonising
:10:02. > :10:12.for her to relive the events of that nature. It was the very
:10:12. > :10:16.difficult decision for us to take. We hope it will bring about change,
:10:16. > :10:20.particularly regarding the police's attitude to people with mental
:10:20. > :10:24.health problems. We do not want another family to have to suffer
:10:24. > :10:28.what we have suffered. Matthew Hill there on the tragic
:10:28. > :10:31.case of Christofer Walker. And if you would like details of
:10:31. > :10:39.organisations which can offer advice or support, you can call the
:10:39. > :10:42.BBC Action Line. The number is 08000 566 065. Your call is free
:10:42. > :10:52.from a landline, but mobile operators will charge. The lines
:10:52. > :10:55.
:10:55. > :11:00.Next tonight, a controversial attack on a man who was voted one
:11:00. > :11:04.of our greatest ever Britons. Isambard Kingdom Brunel is prepared
:11:04. > :11:07.for the brilliance of his engineering, but historian Adrian
:11:08. > :11:12.Vaughan believes we have conveniently airbrushed out a side
:11:12. > :11:22.of Brunel which tells a very different story. Do you want
:11:22. > :11:23.
:11:23. > :11:28.history or do you want a fairy story? People should remember that
:11:28. > :11:33.Brunel was not Superman, he did not do everything on his own, he did
:11:33. > :11:39.not think of everything on his own. He had help and when he did think
:11:39. > :11:44.of everything on his own, it was a dog' breakfast. I am Adrien Vaughan
:11:44. > :11:48.and I am a volunteer signalman on the North Norfolk Railway. I have
:11:48. > :11:53.been on the railway for most of my working life and have written over
:11:53. > :11:57.30 books about its history, including the work of a certain
:11:57. > :12:02.Isambard Kingdom Brunel. I do not think we have got his history quite
:12:02. > :12:09.right, so I am going on a journey to some of his great landmarks,
:12:09. > :12:15.from Paddington station... The stage and began to lead sideways.
:12:15. > :12:19.To the SS Great Britain... It is as if he hadn't heard of propellers.
:12:19. > :12:29.And Clifton Suspension Bridge. It is a very long-lived fairy-tale. I
:12:29. > :12:33.am going to set the record straight. Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1806-1859,
:12:33. > :12:39.creator of the Great Western Railway, creator of Paddington
:12:39. > :12:44.station. Had he got one hand extended, it would be wonderful, we
:12:44. > :12:51.would be able to shake it. But unfortunately he has not, so I must
:12:51. > :12:57.just pat him. Well done, is a bad. Well done for creating the very
:12:57. > :13:02.first, I run glass industrial unit in the world. But his design was
:13:02. > :13:10.not perfect. Brunel made one strange error of judgment in
:13:10. > :13:18.designing this superb station. He made these three arches and they
:13:18. > :13:23.are very beautiful. If you can imagine taking away those that are
:13:23. > :13:27.going across, it is very essential to that station, he did not put
:13:27. > :13:32.them into the original station, because he did not want to spoil
:13:32. > :13:38.the symmetry of the Archers. That was great, except that over a
:13:38. > :13:44.number of years, the station began to lean sideways because there was
:13:44. > :13:51.nothing to tie them in and keep the columns upright. So all the columns
:13:51. > :13:59.you see holding the roof up are not by Brunel, they are made of steel
:13:59. > :14:04.and not cast iron and they were put in about 1906 and in the 1920s
:14:04. > :14:13.before the First World War intervened. They brought the roof
:14:13. > :14:17.back straight again. Not many people know that. It is time to
:14:17. > :14:21.board the train to take me along the Great Western Railway to
:14:22. > :14:27.continue my journey. There are so many more, a little-known facts I
:14:27. > :14:33.would like to share with you. I started to research Brunel, to
:14:33. > :14:39.write a book about him, and to my amazement I discovered that he was
:14:39. > :14:45.doing some very silly things. This is a terrific surprise and I
:14:45. > :14:49.believe it has even surprised a lot of other people who said that I had
:14:49. > :14:55.denigrated a great man. I have not really, I just told the story
:14:55. > :15:00.straight. In 1833, Brunel was appointed Chief Engineer for the
:15:00. > :15:06.Great Western Railway, to devise a route from Bristol to London. He
:15:06. > :15:13.had no previous experience in railway construction. He laid a
:15:13. > :15:19.piece of track to try out his new idea of putting big Telegraph poll
:15:19. > :15:24.size to pieces of wood into the ground. That was every 15 feet all
:15:24. > :15:31.the way to Bristol. His idea was that if he drove these deep into
:15:31. > :15:35.the grounds and then nailed the track members, the track could not
:15:35. > :15:40.possibly move because it would be held in position. That is a
:15:41. > :15:45.nonsense, because the weight of the train running over the track
:15:45. > :15:53.crushes it where it is not supported. Where it is supported,
:15:53. > :15:59.it is held up. You have got a 15 ft of roller-coaster, doing this. How
:15:59. > :16:08.Brunel could have been so silly, but that was him. And that was not
:16:08. > :16:16.the only delay he caused. We are just going into the tunnel now.
:16:16. > :16:21.3312 yards of blood, sweat and tears of thousands of navvies,
:16:21. > :16:25.choking on the fumes of gunpowder as they blasted their way through
:16:25. > :16:30.Box Tunnel. Brunel had terrible trouble getting this built because
:16:30. > :16:35.he was such a bad employer that no reputable contractor wanted to work
:16:35. > :16:39.for him because he would not pay them when they had finished the job.
:16:39. > :16:46.The Great Western Railway was 18 months longer in the building
:16:46. > :16:52.because of Brunel. Now I am in Bristol. There is so much of
:16:52. > :16:58.Brunel's work to see. But I was not quite expecting to meet the man
:16:58. > :17:04.himself. Mr Vaughan I presume. A pleasure to meet you, sir. Welcome
:17:04. > :17:09.to the SS Great Britain, perhaps my greatest achievement. I believe it
:17:09. > :17:16.is a wonderful thing. It will be my pleasure to give you a guided tour.
:17:16. > :17:20.I would be privileged. His weight. The SS Great Britain was designed
:17:20. > :17:26.by Brunel for a transatlantic service between Bristol and New
:17:26. > :17:33.York. She was the first, iron hold, screw propeller steamship to cross
:17:33. > :17:37.the Atlantic, which she did in 1845 in a record time of 14 days. A as
:17:37. > :17:42.you are aware, the design for the ship changed several times before
:17:42. > :17:47.it was finally produced and finish. Brunel's indecision about the
:17:47. > :17:53.ship's design becomes clear as soon as I am let loose to investigate by
:17:53. > :17:59.myself. Here we have in front of us what seems to me to be the evidence
:17:59. > :18:04.of Brunel's not being quite knowledgeable about modern
:18:04. > :18:11.developments in ships. The ship has got a nice, long, straight looking
:18:11. > :18:17.Hull, but here we have this semi circular cut-out and this is proved
:18:17. > :18:25.that the ship was originally designed as a paddle steamer. It
:18:25. > :18:32.would take the extended box shape that the wheel goes around in, that
:18:32. > :18:36.drives it through the water, so they build the dock for a paddle
:18:36. > :18:43.steamer and the captain who had designed this dock came to Brunel
:18:43. > :18:50.to say that a screw propeller ship had arrived in Bristol docks. As
:18:50. > :18:54.soon as Brunel saw it, he was immediately captivated that this
:18:54. > :19:02.was the new technology, this was the way forward, the screw
:19:02. > :19:06.propeller. He redesigned the hull, but we have this as a silent
:19:06. > :19:13.witness for Brunel changing his mind, which was something he often
:19:13. > :19:18.did. And it is not just the captain who we must credit for the design
:19:18. > :19:28.of the SS Great Britain. Becchio of the ship, which was revolutionary
:19:28. > :19:28.
:19:28. > :19:34.at the time that it was done, was patented by Mr Thomas. William
:19:34. > :19:41.Paterson, the owner of the shipyard, helped to design the lines, how its
:19:41. > :19:48.curved out. They all put their peas in and Brunel took their advice.
:19:48. > :19:55.The extra pairs of hands a Brunel time to concentrate on this. Brunel
:19:55. > :20:00.made a lot of mistakes in his early days on the Great Western Railway.
:20:00. > :20:06.It is therefore a wonderful to be able to come along to a marvellous
:20:06. > :20:11.thing like the SS Great Britain and say nice things about Mr Brunel
:20:11. > :20:16.because now I am standing underneath this fantastic propeller,
:20:17. > :20:22.which is truly an amazing piece of technology. It is all down to him
:20:22. > :20:27.and nobody else. He designed this all on his own. I have learnt about
:20:27. > :20:30.Brunel from his own letters and diaries, so it is a real treat to
:20:30. > :20:35.enter into a treasure trove of archives was at the SS Great
:20:35. > :20:45.Britain. This is an absolutely charming drawing done by him as a
:20:45. > :20:46.
:20:46. > :20:50.child. This is 1812. He was six. is signed. This is the Brunel
:20:50. > :20:56.Institute. The collection opened in November last year and anyone can
:20:56. > :21:01.come to have a look at Brunel's notes and drawings. What we can
:21:01. > :21:08.tell from the sources in the archive is that Brunel was a man of
:21:08. > :21:14.an astonishing range of abilities with astonishing charisma, a force
:21:14. > :21:17.of personality and energy it. it was Brunel's force of
:21:17. > :21:22.personality that could jeopardise his projects. I do not know why he
:21:22. > :21:31.was always abusive to the contractors. He always had to abuse
:21:31. > :21:37.them. I have often wondered why he was like that. What is recorded by
:21:37. > :21:42.the abusive episodes. If you go to the Public Record Office, you can
:21:42. > :21:48.read page after page, it goes on forever. He is always abusing
:21:48. > :21:53.people and when they do a good job by him, he turns around and says, I
:21:53. > :21:59.am not paying you. It is not what I say, it is what he says. But he did
:21:59. > :22:06.have a softer side. He talks about Clifton Bridge, my first child, my
:22:06. > :22:11.darling. He was a very sensitive man. What is so striking is the
:22:11. > :22:16.emotional engagement with his work. Well, Brunel might have talked
:22:16. > :22:21.about Clifton Suspension Bridge as being his darling, but I dispute
:22:22. > :22:30.whether the bridge we have today is his at all. Up here on top of the
:22:30. > :22:39.tower we have got three names. Isambard Kingdom Brunel started it.
:22:39. > :22:45.John Hough sure, William Henry Barlow, completed it. That was in
:22:45. > :22:52.1864. That is the small print of the Clifton Bridge. Because the
:22:52. > :22:58.truth is Brunel did not design the Clifton Bridge, it was dying --
:22:58. > :23:03.designed by the others. 24 year-old Brunel designed his Bridge in 1831,
:23:03. > :23:10.but the project ran out of funding and was abandoned 12 years later.
:23:10. > :23:17.Only part of the towers had been completed. Brunel died in 1859. As
:23:17. > :23:23.a memorial to him, the bridge was opened in 1864. But the new
:23:24. > :23:30.engineers did not use his design. They added a third Tia to the
:23:30. > :23:37.suspension chains, so straight away Brunel's design has been altered.
:23:37. > :23:43.The other thing they did was to incorporate the latticework girder
:23:43. > :23:50.that forms the footpath railings. That is part of the bridge. The
:23:50. > :23:58.third thing they had to do was to take away Brunel's idea of a wood
:23:58. > :24:06.and it substructure underneath the bridge. That was taken away and
:24:06. > :24:10.underneath there is a wrought iron, riveted, latticework girder as a
:24:10. > :24:16.stiff neck underneath. The design is completely different to the one
:24:16. > :24:24.that Brunel first put together in 1830. But someone is not going to
:24:24. > :24:29.let the sun set on this argument quite yet. It is historian and
:24:29. > :24:36.Brunel in busiest, Professor Mark Horton. This is the story of the
:24:36. > :24:45.bridge, pretty well OK apart from one small detail. It was designed
:24:45. > :24:53.in 1831, rather than 1830. This is the extent of the mistake. It is a
:24:53. > :24:59.very long-lived fairy-tale. It is not. Like Cinderella. This is this
:24:59. > :25:05.great monument to his engineering genius. Well, I am afraid, I think
:25:05. > :25:09.not. If you want a monument, which of course we do, to Brunel's great
:25:09. > :25:14.engineering genius, you should go down and look at the Royal Albert
:25:15. > :25:21.Bridge. There is a bridge and he designed it. He also designed this
:25:21. > :25:26.bridge. The bridge was designed by the others and in their paper to
:25:26. > :25:32.the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1867, they describe what was
:25:32. > :25:40.wrong with Brunel's Bridge and what they had to vary and rearrange.
:25:40. > :25:47.This is all Brunel's Bridge. No, it is not, it is theirs on the side of
:25:47. > :25:51.Brunel's proposed bridge. I totally disagree. Goodness, I think the two
:25:51. > :25:55.of us could argue this matter until the cows come home. But it is
:25:55. > :26:01.nearly the end of my trip and there is one last place I am dying to
:26:01. > :26:07.visit before I get on the train back to Norfolk. Brunel designed
:26:07. > :26:13.the original station in Bristol in 1839. This is a photograph I took
:26:13. > :26:18.of it in the 1960s. Look at it now, a venue hall used by the people of
:26:18. > :26:26.Bristol and beyond. I have to admit it is an artistic triumph, but as
:26:26. > :26:30.for his engineering work... His track was a joke. The Clifton
:26:30. > :26:36.Suspension Bridge has got nothing to do with him. If they had put his
:26:36. > :26:42.desire up, it would have fallen. The SS Great Britain was a great
:26:42. > :26:46.triumph, a tremendous work. But he did not design it on his own. I
:26:46. > :26:52.would argue that Bruno should be remembered as much by his blunders
:26:52. > :26:58.as for his brilliance. I think it is time we set the record straight.
:26:58. > :27:03.-- Brunel. That is where we must bring things to a close. If you
:27:03. > :27:08.would like to keep in touch, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter.
:27:08. > :27:12.Inside Out is back at the same time next week uncovering more stories
:27:12. > :27:22.from your local area and exploring the issues are making the headlines.
:27:22. > :27:30.
:27:30. > :27:34.From all of us here, thank you for Hello, I'm Ellie Crisell with your
:27:34. > :27:37.90 second update. Big changes to the way the European Union is run.
:27:37. > :27:40.That's what the leaders of France and Germany want to save the
:27:40. > :27:45.Eurozone. The treaty would mean stricter rules on debt and could go
:27:45. > :27:47.ahead without Britain's support. Full story at 10pm. It sold
:27:47. > :27:50.investments to the elderly which lasted longer than their life
:27:50. > :27:55.expectancy. Today, the HSBC was fined �10.5 million. There could be
:27:55. > :27:59.even bigger pay-outs in compensation. Lisa Horne's car
:27:59. > :28:05.windscreen was smashed by a rock dropped from a bridge. She said it
:28:05. > :28:07.left her scared to drive. Essex police called it attempted murder.
:28:08. > :28:11.Rising costs for the London Olympics. Spending on the opening
:28:11. > :28:15.ceremonies has doubled after the PM saw the plans. Security costs are
:28:15. > :28:17.also up sharply - to more than half-a-billion pounds. And, is this
:28:17. > :28:21.the world's most expensive car crash? Eight Ferraris, three
:28:21. > :28:31.Mercedes and a Lamborghini, amongst the wreckage in Japan. No one was
:28:31. > :28:33.
:28:33. > :28:35.seriously hurt. Hello I'm Riz Lateef with the latest from London.
:28:35. > :28:38."Anger towards police" was a major factor in this summer riots
:28:38. > :28:42.according to a report into the causes. The Deputy Mayor says he's
:28:43. > :28:45.not surprised as most of those involved had criminal records.
:28:45. > :28:48.Labour's mayoral candidate, Ken Livingstone, says he'll cut fares
:28:48. > :28:50.by 7% - claiming Transport for London has surplus cash. They deny