:00:13. > :00:19.This week and in Milton Keynes and this is what is coming up. The
:00:19. > :00:24.increasing number of people relying on food handouts. I had no food in
:00:24. > :00:30.the cupboards, I was down to my last 30p, and it was going through
:00:30. > :00:34.my mind that morning, it is Christmas, how would I cope?
:00:34. > :00:39.pioneering heart surgeon who has saved and improved the lives of
:00:39. > :00:43.thousands of patients. Celebrating 100 years of the great British air
:00:43. > :00:48.race. We recapture the spirit of the real magnificent men In Their
:00:48. > :00:56.Flying Machines. They were iconic figures in those days, like the
:00:56. > :01:06.astronauts. They were celebrities. They are are three untold stories
:01:06. > :01:17.
:01:17. > :01:21.Welcome to Milton Keynes. With less than a fortnight until Christmas,
:01:21. > :01:26.many of us are stocking up on food for the festive season. Hundreds of
:01:26. > :01:31.people cannot even afford a meal, let alone a big Christmas one. They
:01:31. > :01:38.rely on handouts. We have been to the food bank in Milton Keynes to
:01:38. > :01:43.see why so many people need help. had my first major heart attack two
:01:43. > :01:51.years ago and then I had another one, then I had a stroke after that.
:01:51. > :01:55.It left me in a bad way. The left side is mostly affected. Obviously
:01:55. > :02:00.it has slowed me down, I cannot do a lot. The problems with his health
:02:00. > :02:07.has meant Michael Parker, who lives in Milton Keynes, can't work. He
:02:07. > :02:10.was forced to give up his job for a taxi company. Money is tight for
:02:10. > :02:20.Michael and several times he's been unable to provide food for himself
:02:20. > :02:20.
:02:20. > :02:25.and his daughter. It has happened quite a few times over the last two
:02:25. > :02:32.years and I would not like it to happen again. I feel for people it
:02:32. > :02:37.happens to now. How desperate has it been? It has been very desperate,
:02:37. > :02:47.one time I only had a couple slices of bread and a can of beans. I have
:02:47. > :02:49.
:02:49. > :02:53.experienced that. I have hidden that from my doctor. -- I have kept
:02:53. > :03:03.that food for my doctor. Michael was lucky. The Milton Keynes Food
:03:03. > :03:03.
:03:03. > :03:07.Bank stepped in to help him before the situation got too bad. That is
:03:07. > :03:10.lovely juice. Just what we Milton Keynes Food bank takes
:03:10. > :03:14.another delivery of supplies, this one from a local church. There are
:03:14. > :03:23.over one hundred Food Banks in the UK. Milton Keynes is one of the
:03:23. > :03:27.largest, and it's never been busier. Tell me about the food bank.
:03:27. > :03:33.provides emergency food parcels to local families, like the ones we
:03:33. > :03:39.have here. We will have 9,000 of these by the end of the year. That
:03:39. > :03:46.is 63 % up on last year. Why do so many more people need your help?
:03:46. > :03:50.The current economic climate, people have less disposable income.
:03:50. > :03:53.The food bank is for people in genuine need, the aim is to tied
:03:53. > :03:57.them over for a few days. A GP, the Citizens Advice Bureau and other
:03:57. > :04:06.similar agencies can decide that a person is in need of help and send
:04:06. > :04:11.them to the food bank. Isn't there a danger that people might become
:04:11. > :04:15.too reliant on food banks and so they do not go out and try and find
:04:15. > :04:24.a job? A good point but the way we operate we only allow clients to
:04:24. > :04:28.come up to us up to five times in the rolling 12 months. The Food
:04:28. > :04:31.Bank relies on the goodwill of the public to donate the food. Apart
:04:31. > :04:40.from Sue and one other person everyone else that helps at the
:04:40. > :04:47.food bank is a volunteer. What would you get enough food parcel?
:04:47. > :04:57.It is quite a mixed bag. Lots of staple items like dried pasta,
:04:57. > :04:57.
:04:57. > :05:05.long-life juice, pass the sauce, noodles, long-life milk, breakfast
:05:05. > :05:10.cereal. It is designed to last three days. Ho nutritious is this?
:05:10. > :05:13.You have no fresh fruit or bread. The items in the food parcel, if
:05:13. > :05:18.this was all they had, the nutritionist have told us this
:05:18. > :05:24.would give them all the value they need. Not exciting food but it will
:05:24. > :05:32.keep the will from the daughter of three days. -- the will for from
:05:32. > :05:36.the door. It is well-documented that supermarkets Broadway
:05:36. > :05:41.thousands of tons of food, surely they should donate it? People often
:05:41. > :05:50.ask us that, but the food we have around here is tinned food, dried
:05:50. > :05:55.food, long-life produce. That stuff is fresh, yoghurt, fruit, and it is
:05:55. > :05:58.not something we can deal with. After sorting out today's food
:05:58. > :06:07.parcels Sue and her team of volunteers are off to one of five
:06:07. > :06:12.distribution centres in Milton Keynes. People might be surprised
:06:12. > :06:16.you need somewhere like this. Milton Keynes is an affluent city,
:06:16. > :06:22.you would not see the areas of poverty, but they are there. They
:06:22. > :06:27.are hidden behind the tree-lined boulevard us. There is a 63 %
:06:27. > :06:35.increase in demand for hour services. Could people come in that
:06:35. > :06:39.even though they could help themselves? You do get people that
:06:39. > :06:46.will try and get free food parcels, but we are very keen to make sure
:06:46. > :06:52.we only help people who have a genuine qualified need. If someone
:06:52. > :07:02.is trying to pull the wool and we catch them, we will tell them. We
:07:02. > :07:04.
:07:04. > :07:08.will tell them to get off their backside and do something practical.
:07:08. > :07:11.How long have you lived here? Michael Parker is one of those who
:07:11. > :07:15.have reason to be grateful for the work of the Food bank. It's helped
:07:15. > :07:19.him out on a number of occasions. About a hundred tones of food has
:07:19. > :07:23.been donated to the food bank this year, that's up nearly a hundred
:07:23. > :07:30.per cent on last year. The lowest time was I had no food in the
:07:30. > :07:35.cupboards, I was down to my last 30p. I did not know I would call,
:07:35. > :07:44.and out of the blue, are hampered turned up from the food bank. These
:07:44. > :07:52.two people brought a hamper in, we look at it after they left, and
:07:52. > :08:01.they gave me a four presence to put round the tree for Christmas Day.
:08:01. > :08:11.There was tinned food as well. Inside was a brown envelope, it had
:08:11. > :08:11.
:08:11. > :08:17.�20 in it. I was over the moon. It was like winning the lottery, �20.
:08:17. > :08:22.What is it like when there is not enough food? It is hard, but we
:08:22. > :08:31.have to get through it. How do you feel when you have not got enough
:08:31. > :08:38.on the table? It feels a bit sad, but you have to keep your head up.
:08:38. > :08:48.Do you worry about that? Yes. do you do with your dad to keep
:08:48. > :08:52.
:08:52. > :09:02.going? We keep each other laughing. Do you worry about your father?
:09:02. > :09:14.
:09:14. > :09:19.About 100 tons of food has been donated to the food bank this year,
:09:19. > :09:22.up nearly 100 % on last year. Just over forty per cent of the food
:09:22. > :09:32.parcels will be handed out to people between the ages of twenty
:09:32. > :09:33.
:09:33. > :09:39.six and forty. There is your food. You can help yourself on the table
:09:39. > :09:45.to tea and coffee. I saw this raw advertised in the church newsletter.
:09:45. > :09:51.At the time, I was working for BT, I had been there 10 years, good
:09:51. > :09:58.payment, look at a salary for this and thought it was a joke. But I am
:09:58. > :10:07.a Christian and I took the leap and I have never looked back. I feel I
:10:07. > :10:17.can make a difference. Could you use some toothpaste? Absolutely.
:10:17. > :10:17.
:10:17. > :10:25.How many people would you expect to see today? Normally about 50 -- 15
:10:25. > :10:31.households. We have had up to 35 in an hour. We serve here twice a week
:10:31. > :10:36.but we serve six days a week for five different locations. What are
:10:36. > :10:41.the reasons people might come here? Lots of different reasons, somebody
:10:41. > :10:46.may have just lost their job, benefits are circumstances may have
:10:46. > :10:51.changed, somebody may have just come out of hospital, and they have
:10:51. > :10:58.a voucher, somebody may have come out of prison, at somebody may just
:10:58. > :11:01.have an extra big bill. A lot of people cannot afford heating bills.
:11:01. > :11:10.Although his life is still far from perfect Michael Parker is hoping
:11:10. > :11:18.that his days of struggling to put food on the table are finally over.
:11:18. > :11:24.I hope the future brings better health. No more benefit problems as
:11:24. > :11:33.well. I do realise now the food back in Milton Keynes is there if I
:11:33. > :11:43.needed. I hope it does not come to that. It is a struggle. It has
:11:43. > :11:46.taken me a while to get a better life for myself. If there is every
:11:46. > :11:56.something you think we should be investigating you can send an e-
:11:56. > :12:01.mail to last. Later on, we will recreate the 1911 the a race, 100
:12:01. > :12:11.years ago they went up and came down. The race 1000 miles a grown
:12:11. > :12:17.
:12:17. > :12:19.Britain. -- around Britain. John Wallwork carried out the UK's first
:12:19. > :12:23.successful heart-lung transplant and the world's first triple
:12:23. > :12:31.transplant. We were given exclusive access to his final few days at the
:12:31. > :12:41.hospital, and his last operation. Our heartbeats something like 30
:12:41. > :12:42.
:12:42. > :12:50.million times a year. We will now stop the heart so we can open it up.
:12:50. > :12:52.On the monitor it you will see there is no output. When John
:12:52. > :12:56.Wallwork arrived at Papworth in the early 1980s heart transplant
:12:56. > :12:58.surgery was still in its infancy in this country - and no-one had
:12:58. > :13:08.successfully transplanted both heart and lungs until he pioneered
:13:08. > :13:09.
:13:09. > :13:16.the operation in 1984. I remember it very well, we had to bring the
:13:16. > :13:20.donor down from the Midlands, do the operation here. Spent a fair
:13:20. > :13:27.amount of the evening doing it. patient was 36-year-old school
:13:28. > :13:34.assistant Brenda Barber. There are so many things we did not know, we
:13:35. > :13:40.had no way of properly measuring drug levels, we had no way of
:13:40. > :13:45.measuring rejection. I was the first one to be done in Britain. I
:13:45. > :13:49.was not skier, even though it was like the first one. -- I was not
:13:49. > :13:55.frightened. I only had a 50-50 chance and I knew I was dying
:13:55. > :14:01.anyway so I had nothing to lose. She lived 11 years following the
:14:01. > :14:04.transplant. She saw her daughter grow up. Just a couple of years
:14:04. > :14:06.later the bar was raised even higher as John and the team at
:14:06. > :14:13.Papworth performed the world's first combined triple transplant -
:14:13. > :14:17.heart lungs and liver. We had a patient whose lungs were destroyed
:14:17. > :14:23.by liver disease. Then are people with a variety of diseases who it
:14:23. > :14:32.would be appropriate to do it on, and I suppose you have to argue
:14:32. > :14:40.because we are stretching the boundaries, it is possible. It is
:14:40. > :14:42.like being reborn. I cannot describe how much of a difference
:14:42. > :14:45.it has made to me. During his career it's estimated John has
:14:45. > :14:48.carried out more than 3,000 operations - both transplants and
:14:48. > :14:56.heart repairs - Colin Dedman is his last ever patient - he needs open
:14:56. > :15:00.heart surgery. We said we will replace your valve. There are lots
:15:00. > :15:08.of things we can do to hearts that we could not do, people repairing
:15:08. > :15:12.some parts. We can do things to the heart to make it work better
:15:12. > :15:15.without needing a transplant. Town is one of thousands of
:15:15. > :15:24.patients whose lives have been transformed by John. Born with a
:15:24. > :15:29.rare condition - she desperately needed a new heart and lungs.
:15:29. > :15:34.remember him saying, we would like to offer you, if we do the
:15:34. > :15:42.operation, we would hope to offer you four health the years. That
:15:42. > :15:46.sounded great. I went through a silly-season post transplant,
:15:47. > :15:52.having never been allowed out to play or to any sport, I did horse-
:15:52. > :15:58.riding, badminton, circuit training, learned to swim, there was almost
:15:58. > :16:05.nothing I did not have a go at. I would work on the basis that I am
:16:05. > :16:11.alive today, and I was alive yesterday, and I will let you know
:16:11. > :16:21.about tomorrow. John's last operation has been a great success
:16:21. > :16:21.
:16:21. > :16:30.and before long Colin will be back on his feet. We can see the attack
:16:30. > :16:33.is beating again. That is all, folks. For the surgical team it's
:16:33. > :16:43.time for some very special celebrations to mark a very special
:16:43. > :16:45.
:16:45. > :16:48.career. Is this guy asleep, before I cut into it? And there's more
:16:48. > :16:58.about John's extraordinary career and his plans for the future in an
:16:58. > :17:01.
:17:01. > :17:06.Inside Out Special here in the East - next Monday night on BBC One. 100
:17:06. > :17:11.years ago all eyes were on the sky as the aeroplane captured the
:17:11. > :17:21.imagination of a generation. A group of pioneering aviator us were
:17:21. > :17:25.getting ready to race each other in a course of over 1000 miles. These
:17:25. > :17:28.days we take flying very much for granted But a hundred years ago the
:17:28. > :17:31.skies were a brave new frontier - the aircraft had only been around
:17:31. > :17:34.for a few years and pilots were still working out the best way to
:17:34. > :17:44.take off, to land and most importantly how to stop falling out
:17:44. > :17:55.
:17:55. > :17:58.of the sky. Then the stakes were raised even higher. In 1911, The
:17:58. > :18:01.Daily Mail invited aviators from all over the world to race around
:18:01. > :18:05.the entire country with the winner of the Circuit of Britain taking
:18:05. > :18:09.home a �10,000 prize. This was probably the biggest challenge that
:18:09. > :18:13.the early aviators in terms of a race had faced so far - you had a
:18:13. > :18:16.very long race the longest yet and you had the British weather to deal
:18:16. > :18:26.with and they went right up into Scotland over mountainous terrain
:18:26. > :18:30.
:18:30. > :18:33.so it was an enormous challenge for those early aviators and machines.
:18:33. > :18:36.The aircraft had only been invented eight years before, and the longest
:18:36. > :18:40.distance race ever attempted in Britain had been a 185 mile dash
:18:40. > :18:44.Britain had been a 185 mile dash Britain had been a 185 mile dash
:18:44. > :18:46.from London to Manchester in 1910. That race had seen only two
:18:47. > :18:50.entrants with former Bedfordshire Schoolboy Grahame White taking on
:18:50. > :18:52.Louis Paulhan from France. Eventually Grahame White had to
:18:53. > :18:58.retire after his aircraft was damaged - and the Frenchman took
:18:58. > :19:04.the spoils. But the public's appetite for flight had been
:19:04. > :19:07.stirred and the 1911 Circuit of Britain would be next. And this was
:19:07. > :19:09.a challenge that would test the pilots and their machines to the
:19:10. > :19:13.limit - starting at Brooklands in Surrey they'd be undertaking a
:19:13. > :19:20.journey for more than a thousand miles - nothing like this had ever
:19:20. > :19:23.been attempted before. Indeed back in 1911 many people had never seen
:19:23. > :19:31.a car, let alone a plane - but the early aviators were determined to
:19:31. > :19:35.prove the aircraft was safe, fast and reliable. Before long thirty
:19:35. > :19:38.pilots had signed up for the air race in an incredible collection of
:19:38. > :19:45.flying machines - they were all hoping they would be the first
:19:45. > :19:47.across the finish line - or at least finish the epic journey.
:19:47. > :19:50.Today, the Shuttleworth Collection in Bedfordshire has more examples
:19:50. > :19:56.of the type of aircraft that took part in the race than anywhere else
:19:56. > :19:59.in the world. So, John, these are all examples of types of aircraft
:19:59. > :20:02.that took part in the Circuit of Britain race? Yes, that's right,
:20:02. > :20:09.we've got the Deperdussin here, Bleriot, Blackburn and Bristol box-
:20:09. > :20:13.kite. They look really different, though - this one here the wings
:20:13. > :20:16.are quite high - this one the wings are low - this one over here looks
:20:16. > :20:19.like a kite - they really are a mixture of design. That's
:20:19. > :20:21.absolutely right, and in those days the conventional aeroplane wasn't a
:20:21. > :20:23.convention so it was very experimental - they tried bi-planes,
:20:23. > :20:26.tri-planes, quadraplanes monoplanes different layouts and
:20:26. > :20:36.configurations - engines at the front, engines at the rear - nobody
:20:36. > :20:39.
:20:39. > :20:42.knew how to make an aeroplane as we know it now, of course. But they
:20:42. > :20:45.were prepared to push the boundaries to try and advance
:20:45. > :20:49.aviation if you like and of course there was also the �10,000 prize,
:20:49. > :20:52.which I'd imagine was quite tantalising. It certainly was for
:20:52. > :20:55.some of the competitors - the 10,000 prize would have been a
:20:55. > :20:58.substantial amount of money and it would have been very important to
:20:58. > :21:01.them - for others it was the glory - for others the sportsmanship.
:21:01. > :21:11.They were iconic figures in those days like the astronauts were, they
:21:11. > :21:18.were celebrities. Brave men, but with egos? No doubt a lot of them
:21:18. > :21:21.had quite large egos! You had to have an ego and a lot of money. Yes,
:21:21. > :21:30.by and large, yes - you certainly had to be a very strong personality
:21:30. > :21:33.of some sort to pursue it. Saturday July 22nd 1911, nearly 30
:21:33. > :21:43.aircraft and their pilots gathered for first leg from Brooklands in
:21:43. > :21:43.
:21:43. > :21:46.Surrey to Hendon. It caused a sensation - despite the early
:21:46. > :21:55.morning start thousands of people from all over the country gathered
:21:55. > :21:58.to witness these extraordinary machines take to the air. From
:21:58. > :22:02.Hendon, the second leg would take them up through Harrogate and
:22:02. > :22:10.Newcastle to Edinburgh. Leg three would see them through Stirling,
:22:10. > :22:13.Glasgow, Carlisle, Manchester and Bristol. Then it was west to Exeter,
:22:13. > :22:22.back across to Sailisbury Plain and down to Brighton before the flight
:22:22. > :22:26.back to Brooklands - a total of 1010 miles. Among the entrants were
:22:26. > :22:28.nine British machines including one flown by Samuel Franklin Cody. A
:22:28. > :22:31.one-time Wild West showman and sharp-shooter, he came to England
:22:31. > :22:40.in 1890, became a British subject and was now of the country's very
:22:40. > :22:42.first flyers. He was a completely experimental aviator - I don't
:22:42. > :22:45.think his approach was even particularly scientific - the
:22:45. > :22:49.biggest problem with Cody is that its hard to extract the man from
:22:49. > :22:53.the myth really - he sort of created this whole show around him
:22:53. > :23:02.and so it's hard to get to the bones of who he really was and how
:23:02. > :23:07.he went about things. Unlike Cody, some competitors didn't even make
:23:07. > :23:10.it past the start line! The main challenges would have been
:23:10. > :23:15.reliability of the engines and the aircraft themselves - the weather
:23:15. > :23:18.was tough and the abilities of the pilot. You know, this was very
:23:18. > :23:20.early days before conventions were established and the safe way of
:23:20. > :23:23.doing things, so there were numerous challenges they had to
:23:23. > :23:33.overcome, and of course, the machines themselves were, well, an
:23:33. > :23:35.
:23:35. > :23:38.unacceptably low standard by today's standards, yes. It's said
:23:38. > :23:42.that the Circuit of Britain Race was the inspiration behind the film
:23:43. > :23:46.Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines. This aircraft - a
:23:46. > :23:56.replica of a Bristol Boxkite - was built for the film and is similar
:23:56. > :24:01.
:24:01. > :24:04.in design to the one Cody would A hundred years ago pilots had
:24:04. > :24:09.little experience of flight - today only the most experienced can take
:24:09. > :24:17.these historical machines into the air. Shuttleworth chief pilot Dodge
:24:18. > :24:21.Bailey spent a career with the RAF before tacking the Edwardians. It
:24:21. > :24:26.must have been an incredibly risky time in aviation - the very early
:24:27. > :24:29.years - and very dangerous. Well, it was genuine pioneering because
:24:29. > :24:32.of all these uncertainties - uncertainties about the aeroplane,
:24:32. > :24:35.the engine and the weather, and they didn't know what was going to
:24:36. > :24:39.be beyond that line of trees and they had no way of dealing with
:24:39. > :24:42.that weather, whether it be strong winds or rain or fog. They just
:24:42. > :24:45.kind of pressed on and survival of the fittest prevailed. Some of them
:24:45. > :24:55.lost their lives just because of the weather and others were lucky
:24:55. > :25:06.
:25:06. > :25:10.Dodge, that was absolutely fantastic to watch - the way the
:25:10. > :25:15.plane climbs it just looks so graceful, what's it like to fly it?
:25:15. > :25:20.Well, it's different. The first concern with this particular
:25:20. > :25:24.aeroplane is its climb rate. It doesn't climb very well so I'm very
:25:24. > :25:27.conscious of wind and turbulence in the trees, in order to get it up to
:25:27. > :25:32.a safe height, and flying the aeroplane is a little different.
:25:32. > :25:35.It's not terribly stable so I have to be in control all the time. I
:25:35. > :25:42.can't take my hands off the stick, for instance, so I have to be
:25:42. > :25:48.flying the aeroplane all the time. The early pilots may still have had
:25:48. > :25:51.a lot to learn but the French were catching on fast. In the Circuit of
:25:51. > :25:55.Britain, Jules Vendrines was in second place while Andre Beaumont
:25:55. > :25:58.in his Bleriot was leading the field. Beaumont was like many of
:25:58. > :26:04.the early pioneer aviators from a wealthy background, and it was a
:26:05. > :26:14.sport, you know? He was a bit of a glory hunter and so he was probably
:26:14. > :26:21.less interested in the prize, and more interested in the celebrity.
:26:21. > :26:24.But nevertheless, a pioneer and a pretty experienced aviator.
:26:24. > :26:28.nation was gripped with aviation fever - thousands turned out all
:26:28. > :26:34.over the country - not least to get a glimpse of Cody, who was still in
:26:34. > :26:38.the running but suffering a lot of problems with his flying machine.
:26:38. > :26:40.And now a hundred years later the crowds are gathering again. Every
:26:40. > :26:44.summer the Shuttleworth Collection puts on a series of flying displays
:26:44. > :26:47.and every now and then when the weather is just right the Edwardian
:26:47. > :26:49.aircraft take to the skies once more. And included in today's line
:26:49. > :26:52.up are two original aeroplanes virtually identical to the ones
:26:52. > :26:54.that would have flown the Circuit of Britain - a 99-year-old
:26:54. > :27:04.Blackburn monoplane - the oldest flying British aeroplane in the
:27:04. > :27:11.
:27:11. > :27:17.world - and a 101-year-old The Circuit of Britain race ended
:27:18. > :27:21.just a week after it had begun. It was won by Andre Beaumont in his
:27:21. > :27:24.Bleriot who completed the 1010 mile course in a total flying time of
:27:24. > :27:32.just under 22 and a half hours. Fellow Frenchman Vedrines was just
:27:32. > :27:35.over an hour behind. As for SF Cody, well, he finished fourth - arriving
:27:35. > :27:45.ten days after the winning French machine - but his biplane was the
:27:45. > :27:46.
:27:46. > :27:50.only British-built aircraft to complete the course. It was a bit
:27:50. > :27:52.like the lunar landings, where it was a major advancement in science.
:27:52. > :27:58.It had all the elements of sportsmanship and courage and
:27:58. > :28:05.challenge for the participants, so, yeah, it had everything. It was a
:28:05. > :28:10.great, great event. I guess if they hadn't tried, if they'd sort of
:28:10. > :28:13.given up. Then you have to say where would we have been? If they'd
:28:13. > :28:15.maybe flown three miles and said, "no, that's too dangerous, we are
:28:15. > :28:25.not doing that", where would aviation be now? It's a good
:28:25. > :28:29.
:28:29. > :28:39.question. What a great story. That is it from Milton Keynes. We will
:28:39. > :28:39.
:28:39. > :28:43.be back on 9th January. Have a great Christmas. There is a special