:00:06. > :00:11.Hello. Tonight in a special edition of Inside Out East Midlands, we
:00:11. > :00:15.investigate transport - the future and the past. Coming up in the next
:00:15. > :00:20.half hour: Falling out of love with the car. Research reveals who is
:00:20. > :00:27.driving and who is not. What has changed attitude-wise is everyone
:00:27. > :00:29.gave up. No-one cares about cars any more. Also tonight: eight
:00:29. > :00:36.months on, controversy still reigns over Nottingham's tax on workplace
:00:37. > :00:43.parking. It is outrageous. If people have a little place outside
:00:43. > :00:53.their business, they should be able to park for themselves.
:00:53. > :01:05.
:01:05. > :01:09.How did you travel today and how will you travel tomorrow? The
:01:09. > :01:12.chances are you will drive or be driven. We have had exclusive
:01:12. > :01:19.access to a major piece of research published today which suggests that
:01:19. > :01:22.for some, our love affair with the car is going cold. Richard Westcott
:01:22. > :01:32.has been investigating the figures and asking what it means for the
:01:32. > :01:32.
:01:32. > :01:39.people who have to plan our Building roads is controversial but
:01:39. > :01:43.not building them could be controversial too. So, how do the
:01:43. > :01:49.planners get it right? How do they decide whether to spend our taxes
:01:49. > :01:57.on road or rail? The only way you can ever be sure it is to beam
:01:57. > :02:00.yourself into the future and we all know how easy that is. When these
:02:00. > :02:07.fans were watching their favourite series back in the '60s, we thought
:02:07. > :02:12.we knew how we would be travelling by 2012. There was talk of having a
:02:12. > :02:17.little personal car that flew. sci-fi got it wrong. Most of us get
:02:17. > :02:21.around now the same way we did 50 years ago. Having your own jet pack
:02:21. > :02:28.remains a distant dream. Ever since I can remember, we have assumed
:02:28. > :02:38.that traffic will get worse and worse. After all, we really love
:02:38. > :02:39.
:02:39. > :02:42.our cars, don't we? Maybe not. Whisper it, but there is a rumour
:02:42. > :02:47.going around transport circles that we are falling out of love with our
:02:47. > :02:55.four wheels. In fact, they have even given it a name, Peak Car.
:02:55. > :02:58.What is Peak Car? Just look at UK traffic growth in the '60s and '70s
:02:58. > :03:08.when we could not get enough cars, but by the '90s, the trend was
:03:08. > :03:09.
:03:09. > :03:13.slowing and by 2002, average mileage per person stalled. Is the
:03:13. > :03:15.love affair with the car cooling down? What seems to be happening in
:03:15. > :03:19.many advanced countries, including even America, is that traffic
:03:19. > :03:28.growth due to car use simply is not going ahead at the same rate that
:03:29. > :03:35.it used to. Now Inside Out has been given the first piece of research
:03:35. > :03:38.into Peak Car in the UK and this report is full of surprises. While
:03:38. > :03:46.some of us are driving more than ever, others are dramatically
:03:46. > :03:50.changing the way they travel. Take young men, for example. When I was
:03:50. > :03:56.young, I could not wait to get my hands on the keys to my dad's Mark4
:03:56. > :03:59.1.6L T reg Ford Cortina with reversing lights. Like a lot of
:03:59. > :04:07.young men, I saw getting my driving license as a rite of passage but
:04:07. > :04:12.that is changing. Market trader Lee Vernon is 19 but he will not be
:04:12. > :04:15.adding to the traffic around Mansfield any time soon. He has
:04:15. > :04:23.been forced to sell up because he has been quoted �2,800 to insure
:04:23. > :04:31.his three-wheeler. I really love it. It is a great looking car, a
:04:31. > :04:35.classic, but insurance is too much and I cannot afford it.
:04:35. > :04:40.research shows Lee is not alone. Young men are driving 2,000 miles a
:04:40. > :04:47.year less than they were in 1995. Women, young and old, are driving
:04:47. > :04:50.more than they used to, so what is going on? What has changed
:04:50. > :04:53.attitude-wise is everyone gave up and got used to using Facebook and
:04:53. > :05:03.phones, and sitting around, or using public transport that no-one
:05:03. > :05:03.
:05:03. > :05:07.cares about cars any more. One of the big things from this report is
:05:07. > :05:09.that young men are not driving much and there are a number of possible
:05:09. > :05:12.explanations for that, including rising higher education and
:05:12. > :05:22.insurance costs but if that carries on, there will be a lot less car
:05:22. > :05:24.
:05:24. > :05:30.traffic and a lot less car What else has the report found?
:05:30. > :05:33.This is the rainy 716 from Warwick Parkway to Marylebone. Over the
:05:33. > :05:40.last two years, the numbers using this line have gone up by a
:05:40. > :05:44.staggering 40%. And according to the report, that is in line with
:05:44. > :05:49.the national trend. Since the mid- 90s, the distance the average
:05:49. > :05:55.person travels by rail has soared by more than 60%. The last time the
:05:55. > :05:58.trains were that busy was during the war. The key growth we have
:05:58. > :06:04.seen is in two areas. One is business travel in the morning and
:06:04. > :06:06.the other is leisure travel, where travel has become cheaper. At the
:06:06. > :06:13.same time fuel prices are increasing, congestion is
:06:13. > :06:19.increasing so that value equation is tilting in the favour of rail.
:06:19. > :06:24.And all those gadgets mean you can work and play on the move. You can
:06:24. > :06:28.even book your ticket on the train, if you can get a signal that is.
:06:28. > :06:36.While business travel by rail is up, company car mileage is down by 40%
:06:36. > :06:40.between 1995 and 2007, so that is before the recession. Scrapping tax
:06:40. > :06:45.breaks made the difference and it has had a big impact on traffic in
:06:45. > :06:48.London. Despite more people moving to the capital, there are fewer
:06:48. > :06:54.cars here, but the report found people in the countryside seem to
:06:54. > :07:00.be driving as much if not more than ever. Of course, in big cities you
:07:00. > :07:03.do have a lot of options for getting around. Fairfax Hall runs a
:07:03. > :07:08.London company making specialist gin and vodka and thinks he has
:07:08. > :07:12.distilled the perfect formula for company travel. Whenever they need
:07:12. > :07:22.a car or van, they book it from a car club and pick it up from a
:07:22. > :07:23.
:07:23. > :07:26.designated car park space 15 minutes later. Like a lot of small
:07:26. > :07:29.start-up businesses, you do not have a lot of money, so we invested
:07:29. > :07:35.everything we had into the distillery. Investing money into a
:07:35. > :07:39.van did not seem like good use of capital. It is low cost and the
:07:39. > :07:49.other benefit is flexibility. You can jump into a brand-new vehicle
:07:49. > :07:49.
:07:49. > :07:53.and drive it at 15 minutes notice. So here is a question - what does
:07:53. > :07:58.all this research mean for the future you of the UK car industry?
:07:58. > :08:02.We have had a bit of a boom recently. The UK is actually on
:08:02. > :08:09.course to produce more cars than at any time since 1972, but that's not
:08:09. > :08:16.because we are all buying ourselves a new motor. 80% are being exported.
:08:16. > :08:18.These Minis are heading for Asia and South America. Last month in
:08:18. > :08:26.London at the RAC's future car challenge, another famous sci-fi
:08:26. > :08:32.face was in no doubt what the future holds. What is happening now
:08:32. > :08:36.is a huge challenge for the car industry. I do not see that the car
:08:36. > :08:39.will come to the end, they are too useful but we need to rethink the
:08:39. > :08:45.model of how we use the car and electric cars are very much part of
:08:45. > :08:50.that because it makes much more sense in a city. You have somewhere
:08:50. > :08:53.to park it where it is always charged, ready to use. It is not
:08:53. > :08:55.just the car industry that will look at this research. The
:08:55. > :08:58.Department for Transport is planning a major role building
:08:58. > :09:06.programme all based on the assumption that traffic will go up
:09:06. > :09:08.by 44% over the next two decades. But what if they have got it wrong?
:09:08. > :09:16.After all, since 1989, successive governments have overestimated
:09:16. > :09:22.traffic growth. This is the range of predictions and the red line is
:09:22. > :09:26.what is actually happening. There is always a risk forecasts will be
:09:26. > :09:31.wrong but the key thing the model does is takes a wide set of data
:09:31. > :09:35.and ensures that it is rigourously analysed. There is a lot of useful
:09:35. > :09:40.things in this research to look at, but I am not convinced it shows we
:09:40. > :09:43.have reached Peak Car. government points out that the UK
:09:43. > :09:46.population is projected to grow by another 10 million in the next 25
:09:46. > :09:56.years and the RAC foundation, who helped fund the report, says that
:09:56. > :10:00.means we are still going to need more roads. This is not the end of
:10:00. > :10:03.the car. The use of the car has been declining but for 70% of the
:10:03. > :10:07.population, people will need to use cars unless they have railways and
:10:07. > :10:10.buses available, and most do not have those things. Almost half a
:10:11. > :10:18.century ago when Star Trek started, this is what we thought travel in
:10:18. > :10:23.the 23rd century might look like and it is pure '60s. It goes to
:10:23. > :10:28.show just how hard it is to predict the future. The danger is you end
:10:28. > :10:34.up assuming it is a bigger version of what we have today. The motor
:10:34. > :10:39.car has been the transport story of the last 50 years. But it just
:10:39. > :10:49.might not be the transport story of the next 50. What does this button
:10:49. > :10:49.
:10:49. > :10:59.If you would like to find out how car use is changing across the
:10:59. > :11:02.Just how do towns and cities in the East Midlands tackle traffic
:11:02. > :11:06.congestion and how much should we pay for expensive public transport
:11:06. > :11:09.projects? Earlier this year, Nottingham launched a highly
:11:09. > :11:19.controversial scheme that has managed to upset drivers, commuters
:11:19. > :11:25.
:11:25. > :11:28.Back in April, Nottingham City Council made history. They did not
:11:28. > :11:31.quite tax the street but got close, slapping a hefty levy on workplace
:11:31. > :11:41.parking spaces and became the only council in the country to tackle
:11:41. > :11:44.congestion this way. We thought the levy was the best option for
:11:44. > :11:46.Nottingham. We decided against congestion charges and decided to
:11:46. > :11:53.introduce the level to provide that local contribution to match against
:11:53. > :11:56.the �0.5 billion the Government is putting in to our transport network.
:11:56. > :12:00.It may well be changing behaviour, encouraging more people from their
:12:00. > :12:10.cars onto the buses and trams, but it is a struggle to find support
:12:10. > :12:10.
:12:10. > :12:17.for this new tax. It is outrageous. If people have a little place
:12:17. > :12:20.outside their business, they should be able to park for themselves.
:12:20. > :12:25.is not helping anybody and it is making things more difficult for
:12:25. > :12:28.people. All it will do is drive businesses away from Nottingham.
:12:28. > :12:38.think it will provide a lot of revenue for the council and
:12:38. > :12:49.
:12:49. > :12:53.A small crew in a car equipped with cameras polices the levy. It is
:12:53. > :13:00.their job to ensure employers with more than 11 spaces pay the �288
:13:00. > :13:10.per bay to the council. Some suspect the cameras may be a stunt,
:13:10. > :13:11.
:13:11. > :13:13.just a high-profile deterrent. car is equipped with cameras. It
:13:13. > :13:20.takes pictures and certainly our experience on bus lane enforcement,
:13:20. > :13:24.there is definitely something going on inside. We have seen the car
:13:24. > :13:27.that is designed to enforce the levy with the cameras on the top
:13:27. > :13:37.drive around on a couple of occasions. We feel very much Big
:13:37. > :13:41.
:13:41. > :13:47.Brother and we are not happy about Steve Walker runs Art Systems based
:13:47. > :13:51.a few miles out of the city on an industrial estate. He refuses to
:13:51. > :13:58.pay the levy and parks his car on the road a few feet from his
:13:58. > :14:01.largely deserted company car park. The estate has become overcrowded
:14:01. > :14:05.with traffic on the roads because there is a migration of cars from
:14:05. > :14:07.the car parks onto the roads around the estate, which has made it quite
:14:07. > :14:16.difficult for the trucks to get around, which has made itcongested
:14:16. > :14:25.and unsafe. Steve's company grudgingly meets half the levy.
:14:25. > :14:28.Some of his staff pay. Others do not. I have chosen to park on the
:14:28. > :14:35.road in principle, because I feel that this is an unfair tax on
:14:35. > :14:38.ordinary people going about their ordinary business. We need to make
:14:38. > :14:48.the transport infrastructure investment and there is no other
:14:48. > :14:48.
:14:48. > :14:52.way we can fund the local The levy is set to raise �14
:14:52. > :15:02.million a year to fund an extra tram line and improvements to the
:15:02. > :15:04.
:15:04. > :15:07.railway station. But will it drive business away from the city?
:15:07. > :15:10.have some evidence of businesses that have had to make people
:15:10. > :15:17.redundant in order to pay the levy and reduce their investments,
:15:17. > :15:25.because you can only spend the same money once. And some businesses
:15:25. > :15:30.have left the city. Games Warehouse supply pub quiz machines. Boss
:15:30. > :15:33.Bernard Taylor found he was in the hot seat facing his own killer quiz.
:15:33. > :15:43.Should he pay the levy for his 40- strong workforce, around �7,000,
:15:43. > :15:44.
:15:44. > :15:47.and risk redundancies or move to Derby where parking is free? Once
:15:47. > :15:50.we had assimilated all the facts and understood what the cost would
:15:50. > :15:53.be, it would became an easy question for us to answer and the
:15:53. > :16:02.answer we came up with was to relocate to somewhere where we did
:16:02. > :16:06.not have the same cost base imposed on us by local authorities. We made
:16:06. > :16:10.the right decision and probably got the question right, yes. We have
:16:10. > :16:14.been here for six, seven months and we are very settled here and
:16:14. > :16:18.pleased with the move. Nottingham has lost what we consider a very
:16:18. > :16:21.valuable talent pool. We have 20 or 30 highly educated, very clever,
:16:21. > :16:31.intelligent people within our business who are no longer part of
:16:31. > :16:36.
:16:36. > :16:41.the Nottingham scene. And there are signs that the levy is affecting
:16:41. > :16:45.confidence among some businesses. If we need to expand we will need
:16:45. > :16:48.to take on extra buildings. If we do that, we will take those out of
:16:48. > :16:58.the city limits because we cannot justify working with a council who
:16:58. > :16:59.
:16:59. > :17:02.appears to have little or no interest in local business.
:17:02. > :17:12.there are fans of the levy. Adam Bird cycles to work and so do lots
:17:12. > :17:18.
:17:18. > :17:25.of his staff at a new technology company. They come in via buses,
:17:25. > :17:28.trains, trams, bikes, you name it. Some even walk. People change
:17:28. > :17:35.behaviour and actually appreciate that getting the bus is not that
:17:35. > :17:39.bad. It gives you a better quality of life if you use public transport.
:17:39. > :17:42.You get to work fresher, you leave work fresher and you can enjoy the
:17:42. > :17:46.city as well, rather than just seeing it as a place to leave every
:17:46. > :17:50.day. If we are going to transform Nottingham and improve the mix of
:17:50. > :18:00.businesses in the city, it takes the council to make bold steps like
:18:00. > :18:08.
:18:08. > :18:12.this. The city may well be bold but the big question is will it work?
:18:12. > :18:15.The only other city in the world to try this is over 9,000 miles away
:18:15. > :18:23.in Perth, Australia. So to end this film, we asked Candice Barnes, a
:18:23. > :18:26.reporter in the city, to tell us how it is going Down Under.
:18:26. > :18:30.The parking levy was introduced more than 12 years ago. Now this
:18:30. > :18:36.tax has since made parking in Perth the eighth most expensive in the
:18:36. > :18:40.world, more costly than midtown New York city. This is a high cost time
:18:40. > :18:44.and place in which to do business, and the presence of a parking levy
:18:44. > :18:48.adds another burden to businesses, which at the moment are struggling.
:18:48. > :18:55.We have not seen congestion ease, so it is difficult to see what the
:18:55. > :19:00.point of it was. Parking is shocking. It is too expensive to
:19:00. > :19:05.park in the city, about $35 a day. I do not get a bay and if I do park
:19:06. > :19:09.in the city, I would expect to pay about 25 bucks. The revenue raised
:19:09. > :19:12.promised to ease congestion and support a better transport system.
:19:12. > :19:16.12 years on, and the latter is still in question while the revenue
:19:16. > :19:20.sits in state government coffers. Nottingham, you might want to think
:19:20. > :19:28.again about your parking levy, but I guess it is too late for that.
:19:29. > :19:33.This is Candice Burns for BBC From cars to bicycles and this year
:19:33. > :19:37.marks the 125th anniversary of Raleigh. At its peak the firm
:19:37. > :19:40.employed 12,000 people at its Nottingham factory. Alan Sillitoe
:19:40. > :19:43.wrote about it and now his son, David, is finding that despite
:19:43. > :19:53.moving production to the Far East, the brand will always be associated
:19:53. > :19:59.
:19:59. > :20:07.with the city where it has shaped Raleigh is the greatest cycle
:20:07. > :20:11.There was a time when this bike would have been made here, Lenton
:20:11. > :20:19.in Nottingham. At the Raleigh factory, which was on this site,
:20:19. > :20:22.they used to produce 1 million bikes a year. Families worked there,
:20:22. > :20:27.big families. In our department, you had five or six brothers
:20:27. > :20:30.sometimes working from the same family together. You could go into
:20:30. > :20:37.a frame shop and see brass boiling where frames were being dipped into
:20:37. > :20:41.it to seal the joints. It was wonderful. There was huge talent
:20:41. > :20:44.here, some of the skills we have had, it made it very humbling and
:20:44. > :20:54.as a graduate coming into the business, you were very quickly
:20:54. > :20:56.
:20:56. > :21:00.brought down to size. Of course Raleigh's bikes are now made in the
:21:00. > :21:05.Far East. Because it is cheaper to make them there than here. But
:21:05. > :21:08.Raleigh's reputation as a global brand was made in Nottingham. It
:21:08. > :21:15.was the people of this city who turned it into the world-famous
:21:15. > :21:18.name in cycling that it is to day. But how did a tiny business from a
:21:18. > :21:24.Nottingham backstreet get known all around the world for making the
:21:24. > :21:34.best bicycles money could buy? And what is the future for the firm now
:21:34. > :21:37.
:21:37. > :21:41.These buildings are a credit to the city. They have won awards for
:21:41. > :21:44.their design and environmental credentials. They are part of the
:21:44. > :21:53.University of Nottingham, a 21st- century campus built to educate a
:21:53. > :21:57.21st-century workforce. But this site was once home to a very
:21:57. > :22:03.different kind of workforce. At its height, 12,000 people were making
:22:03. > :22:08.bikes here and one of them was Harry Hardy. From school, a lot of
:22:08. > :22:15.friends went there. You didn't know what you had let yourself in full,
:22:15. > :22:22.but it was very friendly. A friend of mine was in the same class as me
:22:23. > :22:31.in school. He was in the buffing department, buffing wheels. Dust
:22:31. > :22:41.was indescribable. And naturally, not many of them retired because of
:22:41. > :22:43.
:22:43. > :22:46.the effects of the dust on their chest. When Harry worked here,
:22:46. > :22:48.Raleigh were selling bikes to 144 countries around the world, quite
:22:49. > :22:53.an achievement for a firm that started out with only three
:22:53. > :22:58.employees. It was called Woodhead, Angois & Ellis after the three men
:22:58. > :23:04.that were running it. Paul Angois was an engineer, Richard Woodhead a
:23:04. > :23:07.mechanic and William Ellis a financier. The fortunes of these
:23:07. > :23:16.men changed when one day in 1887, a lawyer walked into their workshop
:23:16. > :23:19.and bought one of their bikes. That lawyer was Frank Bowden. He was so
:23:19. > :23:22.impressed with the bike they sold them that he bought the company. A
:23:22. > :23:28.year later he founded the Raleigh cycle company, named after the
:23:28. > :23:33.street their workshop was on. John McNaughtan joined Raleigh as a
:23:33. > :23:38.graduate in 1965 and ended up running the place. What was the
:23:38. > :23:41.secret of their success? Raleigh really has been created by the many
:23:41. > :23:47.thousands and thousands that have worked for Raleigh and felt a sense
:23:47. > :23:53.of identification with the product. The spirit that was in Nottingham
:23:53. > :23:59.that went into Raleigh. What did they bring? A total dedication to
:23:59. > :24:03.the product, identification with A huge factory, a huge impact on
:24:03. > :24:08.the city, but what amazes me is when you come to Nottingham today,
:24:08. > :24:10.you have to look hard to see any evidence that Raleigh was ever here.
:24:10. > :24:16.They have invited Harry and the other former Raleigh workers to
:24:16. > :24:22.talk about the factory that was here before the university. When it
:24:22. > :24:32.is done it goes on a conveyor belt? No. From there, from that, it went
:24:32. > :24:33.
:24:33. > :24:39.to the bench where you finished bracing there. I think it is part
:24:39. > :24:46.of the city and the history of the city. I have just discovered that
:24:46. > :24:50.the factory was here on campus. That is one student who has learned
:24:50. > :24:53.something from these former workers. But there is more to be done. So
:24:53. > :25:00.the university has commissioned a play to tell the story and
:25:00. > :25:03.tonight's event offers the director an opportunity to research material.
:25:03. > :25:07.One of the guys I was talking to was there on the very last day,
:25:07. > :25:10.when Raleigh closed its doors. He was one of the 200-odd employees
:25:10. > :25:14.who received a thank you mug as the doors were finally closed, so that
:25:14. > :25:24.was great to find one of the 200- odd people left in Nottingham that
:25:24. > :25:24.
:25:24. > :25:27.Geoff was also made redundant in 2003 when Raleigh closed the plant.
:25:27. > :25:37.It was a massive blow to the city but an inevitable result of years
:25:37. > :25:39.
:25:39. > :25:42.of decline. You could see the workforce decline. You'd ask,
:25:42. > :25:48."Where is so-and-so?" "They finished him on Sunday." "Why?"
:25:48. > :25:51.That was the constant feedback. They are buying it in now.
:25:51. > :25:55.decline started in the early '70s, but Raleigh managed to hold on for
:25:56. > :25:58.another 20 years. One of the reasons was the Raleigh Chopper.
:25:58. > :26:06.Geoff worked in the department that developed it, but the Chopper was
:26:06. > :26:12.not the only product to come out of Raleigh. Anybody that was doing a
:26:12. > :26:18.little work for themselves on the side, was doing a bit of a Jago. I
:26:18. > :26:24.once saw a chap welding some steel together to make a wheelbarrow. I
:26:24. > :26:30.myself made quite a few items, including a grandfather clock.
:26:30. > :26:40.is the first night of the play. you keep your stuff behind the bar?
:26:40. > :26:46.
:26:46. > :26:55.Are you excited? I am. A little bit nervous. I can't do anything about
:26:55. > :26:58.it now, it is just sitting there When you went out onto town, you
:26:58. > :27:08.could tell the girls that worked out Raleigh by the smell of their
:27:08. > :27:09.
:27:09. > :27:19.Harry, what did you think? I think they have done a marvellous job.
:27:19. > :27:19.
:27:19. > :27:27.Marvellous. It depicts the factory as it was. Excellent. What keeps
:27:27. > :27:31.England going is export and Raleigh had its export. Throughout its 125
:27:31. > :27:36.year history, Raleigh has been bought and sold half a dozen times.
:27:36. > :27:42.The latest owner is the Dutch bicycle company Accell. What is the
:27:42. > :27:45.future for Raleigh now? It may be linked to its past. I think they
:27:45. > :27:49.bought it for reasons of its heritage and what they think they
:27:49. > :27:58.can bring it back into being as it is in Holland and Germany, perhaps.
:27:58. > :28:02.A bit of Cool Britannia for Europe? Maybe. The company it bought is
:28:02. > :28:10.nothing like the one my father worked for and wrote about in the
:28:10. > :28:13.1950s. Sadly those days are long gone, but the name Raleigh still
:28:13. > :28:23.evokes quality thanks to the men and women of this city, my father
:28:23. > :28:27.among them, and it is something we Happy anniversary, Raleigh, and
:28:27. > :28:33.that is it from Nottingham, the city it helped put on the map. We