30/10/2017

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0:00:08 > 0:00:09Hello, I'm Sean Fletcher.

0:00:09 > 0:00:11You're watching Inside Out London.

0:00:11 > 0:00:13Here is what is coming up on tonight's show.

0:00:13 > 0:00:14More endangered than the giant panda.

0:00:14 > 0:00:16We meet London's last remaining shire horse.

0:00:16 > 0:00:18There is something quintessentially British about the shire horse

0:00:18 > 0:00:19and something very noble.

0:00:19 > 0:00:20They are the biggest horse in the world.

0:00:26 > 0:00:27One gunshot wound to the left flank...

0:00:27 > 0:00:30The doctors making life and death decisions on the trauma front lines.

0:00:30 > 0:00:34The majority of the bullet is lying in the right side of his abdomen,

0:00:34 > 0:00:35having gone through his bowel.

0:00:35 > 0:00:38I suspect there will be a lot of other injuries in there.

0:00:38 > 0:00:39He has life-threatening bleeding and he needs

0:00:39 > 0:00:41an operation to save his life.

0:00:41 > 0:00:43And out of the rubble - the time capsule that

0:00:43 > 0:00:45reveals the secrets of a pioneering hospital.

0:00:45 > 0:00:48Seeing what they have chosen to place inside gives a sense

0:00:48 > 0:00:58of connection to the past and those people in particular.

0:01:08 > 0:01:11When we think of endangered species, it's usually rhinos and tigers

0:01:11 > 0:01:13being hunted to extinction on the other side of the world

0:01:14 > 0:01:15that spring to mind.

0:01:15 > 0:01:17You probably wouldn't think of the humble British shire horse.

0:01:17 > 0:01:19But in fact, their numbers have now dipped below

0:01:19 > 0:01:23those of the giant panda.

0:01:23 > 0:01:26We're lucky enough to still have a herd working here in London.

0:01:26 > 0:01:29And I had the chance to go down and meet them.

0:01:32 > 0:01:37These horses work for a living.

0:01:37 > 0:01:40Today they are the engine that pulls the machine that cuts

0:01:40 > 0:01:41this wildflower meadow.

0:01:41 > 0:01:43This is no ordinary wildflower meadow, though,

0:01:43 > 0:01:45and they are no ordinary horses.

0:01:45 > 0:01:47This is Kensington Palace, home to our future monarch,

0:01:47 > 0:01:50and these beautiful beasts were first bred by King Henry VIII

0:01:50 > 0:01:56to be used as giant warhorses.

0:01:56 > 0:01:59A century ago, there were 1 million of them working in this country,

0:01:59 > 0:02:01between 30 and 40,000 in London alone.

0:02:01 > 0:02:08Today the capital is left with just one working stable.

0:02:08 > 0:02:10Operation Centaur is housed here in Richmond Park,

0:02:10 > 0:02:15with Heath and Nobby living with six other shire horses.

0:02:15 > 0:02:17There is something quintessentially British about shire horse

0:02:17 > 0:02:18and something very noble.

0:02:18 > 0:02:20They are the biggest horse in the world.

0:02:20 > 0:02:23They are very impressive when you see them for the first time.

0:02:23 > 0:02:24Each one weighs over a tonne.

0:02:24 > 0:02:26We are trying to make working horses like shire horses

0:02:26 > 0:02:30relevant to working in inner cities like London.

0:02:30 > 0:02:35And we do that in a number of different ways, we work

0:02:35 > 0:02:37on conservation, so we have wildflower meadows, we harrow,

0:02:37 > 0:02:46we do logging in various woods.

0:02:46 > 0:02:49There's a heritage element.

0:02:49 > 0:02:52This herd of rare shire horses are a beautiful

0:02:52 > 0:02:55and unexpected sight, but once upon a time you would have

0:02:55 > 0:03:02seen them all over London.

0:03:03 > 0:03:05Shire horses were ubiquitous, you could find them

0:03:05 > 0:03:11on any street corner.

0:03:11 > 0:03:20They were the sort of lorries or white vans of the day.

0:03:20 > 0:03:23People used them to transport goods, to unload barges from the canals,

0:03:23 > 0:03:32they were everywhere.

0:03:32 > 0:03:36Another familiar sight in any large town is the brewery,

0:03:36 > 0:03:38whose load is carried by a magnificent shire horses.

0:03:38 > 0:03:40They have an average working life of eight years.

0:03:40 > 0:03:43The drivers are proud of their teams as they drag their daily loads

0:03:43 > 0:03:44through London's streets.

0:03:44 > 0:03:46Young's brewery once used them to deliver beer.

0:03:46 > 0:03:50They poured a load of two and a half tonnes.

0:03:50 > 0:03:51-- pulled a load.

0:03:51 > 0:03:52Henry Coward worked with them for 37 years.

0:03:53 > 0:03:54We had 18-20 horses.

0:03:54 > 0:03:57We had our own farrier on board as well, so we had

0:03:57 > 0:04:00a permanent farrier.

0:04:00 > 0:04:04Horses needed new shoes quite regularly when walking

0:04:04 > 0:04:06the streets of London, maybe 4-5 weeks those

0:04:06 > 0:04:07shoes would last.

0:04:07 > 0:04:10We would do within a 3-5 mile radius of the brewery.

0:04:10 > 0:04:13I suppose 30 pubs through the course of the week.

0:04:13 > 0:04:16Would the horses have had a better life in a field munching grass

0:04:16 > 0:04:18rather than working hard on the streets of London?

0:04:18 > 0:04:21They were bred to work, they are working animals.

0:04:21 > 0:04:24They enjoy doing the work and you can see because they

0:04:24 > 0:04:25do whatever you ask.

0:04:25 > 0:04:27For me, it's better that they work than they are stuck

0:04:27 > 0:04:32in a field all day long.

0:04:32 > 0:04:34The brewery last worked with shires in 2006.

0:04:34 > 0:04:36They had disappeared from London's streets long before that

0:04:36 > 0:04:38and it was all down to one thing.

0:04:38 > 0:04:39The combustion engine.

0:04:39 > 0:04:41Just before the First World War, there was a massive change

0:04:41 > 0:04:44in London, people got rid of their carriages and horses and

0:04:44 > 0:04:48the same went for it shire horses.

0:04:48 > 0:04:52It became cheaper to bring lorries in and motorised vehicles in.

0:04:52 > 0:04:57After the Second World War, shires almost completely disappeared

0:04:57 > 0:05:00off our streetscapes.

0:05:00 > 0:05:04Now they are rarer than pandas.

0:05:12 > 0:05:15Operation Centaur wants to prove that the shire horse can

0:05:15 > 0:05:19once again be useful in today's high-tech world.

0:05:28 > 0:05:30Nobby and Heath resemble a Constable painting as they work

0:05:30 > 0:05:32in Kensington Palace, but this isn't just

0:05:32 > 0:05:34about celebrating a nostalgic past.

0:05:34 > 0:05:36Surprisingly, these ancient beasts are still better for this wildflower

0:05:36 > 0:05:42meadow than a tractor.

0:05:42 > 0:05:45When you have a tractor on a wildflower meadow,

0:05:45 > 0:05:49it compacts the soil and that is one of the big no nos

0:05:49 > 0:05:50for a wildflower meadow, really.

0:05:50 > 0:05:52That means that the seeds don't germinate in the same way.

0:05:52 > 0:05:54Shire horses tread lightly.

0:05:54 > 0:06:00All the green spaces we have, they are not big enough

0:06:00 > 0:06:02to have tractors on there.

0:06:02 > 0:06:05We don't need it and I think the communities of these green

0:06:05 > 0:06:07spaces want to get involved.

0:06:07 > 0:06:10If you see a wildflower meadow being cut by a tractor, nobody will stop.

0:06:10 > 0:06:13If you have a pair of shires there, everybody wants to come

0:06:13 > 0:06:14and learn about it.

0:06:14 > 0:06:16This is really why this is still relevant.

0:06:16 > 0:06:19It's not just about doing the job, it's also about making this

0:06:19 > 0:06:22historical horse really very much part of today.

0:06:22 > 0:06:25Getting a tractor to go where you want in a wildflower

0:06:25 > 0:06:27meadow needs a bit of pedal and steering-wheel control.

0:06:27 > 0:06:29But driving two very large horses must be a very

0:06:30 > 0:06:32different thing altogether.

0:06:32 > 0:06:34A shire horse takes a couple of years

0:06:34 > 0:06:36at least to train.

0:06:36 > 0:06:39At first they don't really want to do anything

0:06:39 > 0:06:42because most things scare them, they are a flight animal.

0:06:42 > 0:06:45They run, their main thing is to run away from

0:06:45 > 0:06:47something.

0:06:47 > 0:06:50If you think that they weigh a tonne, they've got all that

0:06:50 > 0:06:53chain and metal attached to them, and if something scares them, off

0:06:53 > 0:06:54they will go.

0:06:54 > 0:06:55So how do you do it?

0:06:55 > 0:06:58You train them.

0:06:58 > 0:07:04Bit by bit they get confident, they start to trust you.

0:07:04 > 0:07:07Shires are funny things.

0:07:07 > 0:07:09They are more like your colleagues.

0:07:09 > 0:07:11If you upset them in the morning, they

0:07:11 > 0:07:13will be upset all day long.

0:07:13 > 0:07:15I mean, a normal horse will forget within

0:07:15 > 0:07:18minutes but a shire one will hold a resentment all day long, so you

0:07:18 > 0:07:19cannot upset them.

0:07:19 > 0:07:21You cannot afford to upset them first thing.

0:07:21 > 0:07:23It was suggested that I might like to give

0:07:23 > 0:07:27the driving a try, a couple of ropes and an animal that didn't know me

0:07:27 > 0:07:30very well didn't exactly fill me with confidence for what could be a

0:07:30 > 0:07:31very interesting driving lesson.

0:07:31 > 0:07:34What you do is say, walk on.

0:07:34 > 0:07:36Yeah, that's going to move with him.

0:07:36 > 0:07:37Nobby, walk on.

0:07:37 > 0:07:39Good.

0:07:39 > 0:07:45And then bring him out to the left.

0:07:45 > 0:07:56To begin with, Getty feel of his pace.Al Gore at his place. Now I

0:07:56 > 0:08:01will turn him.Yes, bring him to the right. That's it. You get a sense of

0:08:01 > 0:08:08how strong he is.I'll bring him round to the right.Yes, say, come

0:08:08 > 0:08:21round, Nobby. Feel the rhythm. Try to get the sense of rhythm in his

0:08:21 > 0:08:40walk.Brilliant, well done. Nobby, stop. Brilliant. Thank you, Nobby!

0:08:40 > 0:08:44After a day spent with Nobby and these other beautiful horses, you

0:08:44 > 0:08:48cannot help but fall in love with them and hope that something can be

0:08:48 > 0:08:51done to ensure their long-term survival. The good news is that

0:08:51 > 0:08:56Operation Centaur believe they can be made yourself once again on a

0:08:56 > 0:09:00larger scale.Working horses are the solution to the decline because in

0:09:00 > 0:09:05their breeding programme you need to have a purpose. Why are we reading

0:09:05 > 0:09:10back with three horses? They need jobs. That is what we need to

0:09:10 > 0:09:16convince people. We need to convince people that they can work in cities

0:09:16 > 0:09:20like London. No reason why local councils cannot look at how they

0:09:20 > 0:09:26provide land management services and include shire horses. It makes

0:09:26 > 0:09:32sense.What a wonderful thought. A rare and often forgotten very

0:09:32 > 0:09:36English animal not only saved but potentially increased, not just for

0:09:36 > 0:09:45the good of the animal but our benefit. They were truly amazing

0:09:45 > 0:09:49animals. It was a bit of privilege getting to know them. Still to come

0:09:49 > 0:09:58on tonight's so. --'s show.Sony putting a lot be demolished to make

0:09:58 > 0:10:04room for High Speed Two. Before it is gone forever, I want to find out

0:10:04 > 0:10:09more about this fascinating it condemned part of London's history.

0:10:09 > 0:10:11-- fascinating yet condemned.

0:10:11 > 0:10:14Knife crime in the capital has surged by almost a third in the past

0:10:14 > 0:10:17year, just one of the factors putting more pressure on the doctors

0:10:17 > 0:10:18and nurses in our front-line emergency teams.

0:10:18 > 0:10:20Our reporter has been given unprecedented access to

0:10:20 > 0:10:29the resuscitation unit at the one London Hospital in Whitechapel.

0:10:29 > 0:10:31He found out how this major trauma

0:10:31 > 0:10:34centre is facing the challenges of an unrelenting stream of life or

0:10:34 > 0:10:35death cases.

0:10:35 > 0:10:36It's just gone midnight.

0:10:36 > 0:10:38A young man has been shot.

0:10:38 > 0:10:41So we'll get him across and get the handover.

0:10:42 > 0:10:44He is Friday's first arrival.

0:10:44 > 0:10:54He had been left with serious wounds by friends at another hospital.

0:10:55 > 0:10:58The A&E register phoned me and they have got him,

0:10:58 > 0:11:00he'd been brought in I think by his friends.

0:11:00 > 0:11:02He has been shot in the left flank.

0:11:02 > 0:11:04With the young man come the armed police.

0:11:04 > 0:11:06They always do when somebody has been shot.

0:11:06 > 0:11:08OK, just to give the handover when you're ready, please.

0:11:08 > 0:11:10He has one gunshot wound to the left flank.

0:11:10 > 0:11:11No exit wound.

0:11:11 > 0:11:13He is stable.

0:11:13 > 0:11:16He has been given ten morphine...

0:11:16 > 0:11:19As the patient is prepared for a scan, the police prepare

0:11:19 > 0:11:20to cover the entrances to the scanning room.

0:11:21 > 0:11:25That goes into the corridor there.

0:11:25 > 0:11:28They are here to stop his attackers trying again and to protect

0:11:28 > 0:11:29the staff trying to save him.

0:11:29 > 0:11:30Just keep still.

0:11:30 > 0:11:32We are going to do everything for you.

0:11:32 > 0:11:33Half way across.

0:11:33 > 0:11:34Slide.

0:11:34 > 0:11:35Ready, slide.

0:11:35 > 0:11:37The bullet is in his stomach.

0:11:37 > 0:11:47It has pierced his bowels and he will need surgery.

0:11:48 > 0:11:51He's got an entry wound on the left side of his body, his flank,

0:11:51 > 0:11:54and the majority of the bullet is lying on the right

0:11:54 > 0:11:55side of his abdomen.

0:11:55 > 0:11:57Having gone through his bowel and several other

0:11:57 > 0:11:58structures on the way there.

0:11:58 > 0:12:01He has a belly full of blood, bleeding from his bowel and possibly

0:12:01 > 0:12:04from other structures, he's got some gas that has escaped

0:12:04 > 0:12:06escaped from his bowel, but I suspect there

0:12:06 > 0:12:09will be a lot of other injuries in there.

0:12:09 > 0:12:12The bullet has gone right across from one side to the other.

0:12:12 > 0:12:13So he's got life-threatening bleeding and we need

0:12:13 > 0:12:17an operation to save his life.

0:12:17 > 0:12:19As the scan is completed and the police continue to stand

0:12:19 > 0:12:22guard, the on-call trauma surgeon is put in from home.

0:12:22 > 0:12:26Four floors up, they begin preparations for the operation.

0:12:26 > 0:12:29They don't go in straight lines, bullets.

0:12:29 > 0:12:35To be honest, we will be going inside his abdomen

0:12:35 > 0:12:39in the next few minutes to be able to see everything that has gone on.

0:12:39 > 0:12:41The Royal London will see around 100 gunshot victims a year

0:12:41 > 0:12:46and around 700 stab victims.

0:12:46 > 0:12:49It's our job to fix people who are injured and there are all

0:12:49 > 0:12:53sorts of reasons why people get injured.

0:12:53 > 0:12:56From being crushed by buses, shot, all of them are part

0:12:56 > 0:13:00of society's problems.

0:13:00 > 0:13:02Essentially, that's what we are here for.

0:13:02 > 0:13:05Yes, it's a terrible thing to happen to somebody,

0:13:05 > 0:13:08it scars them and their family for life and it's an indictment

0:13:08 > 0:13:11of the society we have found ourselves in that this is coming

0:13:11 > 0:13:14into the UK now.

0:13:14 > 0:13:16Just over one hour later, the operation is over.

0:13:16 > 0:13:18The man's bowel is repaired.

0:13:18 > 0:13:23He will be moved to intensive care.

0:13:23 > 0:13:24Open your mouth, sir.

0:13:24 > 0:13:26Stick your tongue out.

0:13:26 > 0:13:29Back downstairs in resus, it's time for the night shift to go home.

0:13:29 > 0:13:34One shift over, but they know there is a busier one to come.

0:13:34 > 0:13:39Senior sister Alex welcomes the troops.

0:13:39 > 0:13:42A five-minute handover at eight o'clock that marks the start

0:13:42 > 0:13:43of the Friday night shift.

0:13:43 > 0:13:44They have come prepared.

0:13:44 > 0:13:47They know they will be on their feet a lot.

0:13:47 > 0:13:49Hello, into resus?

0:13:49 > 0:13:56Thanks, bye.

0:13:56 > 0:13:58It's not long before the calls start to come.

0:13:58 > 0:13:59An assaulted patient, male.

0:13:59 > 0:14:01He has been punched and kicked.

0:14:01 > 0:14:02Cardiac arrest, completely unresponsive.

0:14:02 > 0:14:04This man has been beaten up and knocked unconscious.

0:14:04 > 0:14:12Just got to move your legs slightly.

0:14:12 > 0:14:15An elderly man has been brought in after falling ill at home.

0:14:15 > 0:14:17Then come the Friday regulars.

0:14:17 > 0:14:20HE GROANS

0:14:20 > 0:14:24It's 11:30pm, a man has been stabbed.

0:14:24 > 0:14:28A three centimetre wound to the right spinal region.

0:14:28 > 0:14:38About four centimetres from the line.

0:14:41 > 0:14:43Watching over things is consultant Katy in charge

0:14:43 > 0:14:44of the emergency department tonight.

0:14:44 > 0:14:46We have a young man who has been stabbed.

0:14:46 > 0:14:47It's his upper limbs.

0:14:47 > 0:14:50He is obviously really frightened that this has happened to him.

0:14:50 > 0:14:52He is quite vocal because of that.

0:14:52 > 0:14:54We will just have a little look down here, OK?

0:14:54 > 0:14:57Just to make sure there is nothing that we've missed and then we'll

0:14:57 > 0:14:59have a look at your back.

0:14:59 > 0:15:01The young man has a number of stab wounds.

0:15:01 > 0:15:03He constantly asks the staff if he's lost too much blood.

0:15:03 > 0:15:05If he's going to survive.

0:15:05 > 0:15:06You are not losing blood.

0:15:06 > 0:15:07It's a very small wound.

0:15:07 > 0:15:10We just need to have a scan and make sure that everything

0:15:10 > 0:15:13is all right on the inside, but your blood pressure is fine,

0:15:13 > 0:15:15your heart rate is fine and we're very happy with you.

0:15:15 > 0:15:17You're going to be all right.

0:15:17 > 0:15:19With the stabbing victims come the police again.

0:15:19 > 0:15:23They also come with the victims of car crashes and other assaults.

0:15:23 > 0:15:31With the officers in blue, the teams in orange from London's

0:15:31 > 0:15:32Air Ambulance, who bring the badly injured in.

0:15:32 > 0:15:35I think the stuff we do here is world leading

0:15:35 > 0:15:36for the wrong reasons.

0:15:36 > 0:15:38Its world leading because unfortunately we see

0:15:38 > 0:15:40a lot of these people, so the volume of stab victims

0:15:40 > 0:15:44that we see here through London is just of a volume we have to be

0:15:44 > 0:15:46efficient and able to deal with the things that

0:15:46 > 0:15:47are presented to us.

0:15:47 > 0:15:51That is a sad thing.

0:15:51 > 0:15:54We know that quite a few people that get stabbed get stabbed

0:15:54 > 0:15:55by someone they know.

0:15:55 > 0:15:57The random attacks are less common.

0:15:57 > 0:16:00It's usually someone they know and there is some background to it.

0:16:00 > 0:16:02Even more sadly, we often see people that had been

0:16:02 > 0:16:04stabbed more than once, as in six months ago

0:16:04 > 0:16:06and now repeated again.

0:16:06 > 0:16:12They are at a much higher risk it seems.

0:16:12 > 0:16:17It seems there is no real reason for it most of the time.

0:16:17 > 0:16:22Abdomen stab wounds come in.

0:16:22 > 0:16:26Three stabs.

0:16:26 > 0:16:27On arrival...

0:16:27 > 0:16:29It's not unusual for them to bring in three or four stab

0:16:29 > 0:16:31victims on a Friday night.

0:16:31 > 0:16:32It's all right.

0:16:32 > 0:16:34Another young man has been stabbed, the second of the evening.

0:16:34 > 0:16:36Another multiple stabbing.

0:16:36 > 0:16:37Chest and abdomen, we think.

0:16:37 > 0:16:39We are more concerned because the heart rate

0:16:39 > 0:16:44is very high, 145-150.

0:16:44 > 0:16:46It might just be because this patient has been running

0:16:46 > 0:16:48from their assailant, but it must also be

0:16:48 > 0:16:49because they have lost blood.

0:16:49 > 0:16:53So that's what we need to be concerned about.

0:16:53 > 0:16:56After a scan, the young man is taken to intensive care.

0:16:56 > 0:16:57He will survive.

0:16:57 > 0:16:58PHONE RINGS

0:16:58 > 0:17:00The phone calls keep coming.

0:17:00 > 0:17:01It's 1:30am.

0:17:01 > 0:17:02The ambulances keep arriving.

0:17:02 > 0:17:04The patients keep coming.

0:17:04 > 0:17:05Coming by air or land?

0:17:05 > 0:17:06Land.

0:17:06 > 0:17:12OK, all right.

0:17:12 > 0:17:14Ah.

0:17:14 > 0:17:18We have a male trauma gunshot to the head.

0:17:18 > 0:17:21He is the second gunshot victim seen here in just 24 hours.

0:17:21 > 0:17:25Hello, this one.

0:17:25 > 0:17:35The report is that he has been shot in the head.

0:17:35 > 0:17:38When he arrived it was 14 but he was very agitated.

0:17:38 > 0:17:40This gentleman has been shot to the head and,

0:17:40 > 0:17:43although he was quite awake when the team got them,

0:17:43 > 0:17:45he was quite agitated, very, very swollen, sticking out eyeballs.

0:17:45 > 0:17:48They have popped him off to sleep and made some cuts

0:17:48 > 0:17:50through the tendons to release the pressure behind his eyeballs

0:17:50 > 0:17:52just to help his eyes a bit.

0:17:52 > 0:17:54He will have an operation later before heading to intensive care.

0:17:54 > 0:17:57It feels as though we've had quite a busy evening.

0:17:57 > 0:18:00One trauma call after the other and none of the team has had

0:18:00 > 0:18:03a break, it's about 3:30am now.

0:18:03 > 0:18:06But this isn't particularly busy and it's going to get

0:18:06 > 0:18:07busier over the winter.

0:18:07 > 0:18:13It could have been worse, certainly.

0:18:13 > 0:18:16Staff like senior sister Alex will soon be heading home.

0:18:16 > 0:18:20More than five years after starting here she is still going strong.

0:18:20 > 0:18:26When you have a situation that is really awful, we have people

0:18:26 > 0:18:29that are in the absolute worst point of their life, and you look

0:18:29 > 0:18:32after them and make a difference and sometimes that is sitting

0:18:32 > 0:18:34with relatives or with the patient, we do do a good

0:18:34 > 0:18:37job and we know we do.

0:18:37 > 0:18:39That's when you go home, it's what makes you able to go

0:18:39 > 0:18:41to sleep eventually.

0:18:41 > 0:18:43And the team is the absolute ultimate.

0:18:43 > 0:18:46Without them, we would not be able to do it and I certainly

0:18:46 > 0:18:48wouldn't come back every day after five years.

0:18:48 > 0:18:51She will be back, as will the rest of the team -

0:18:51 > 0:18:58while most of London is sleeping, they will be at their busiest.

0:18:58 > 0:19:00For over a century, the National Temperance Hospital

0:19:00 > 0:19:01has stood in Euston.

0:19:01 > 0:19:03A hospital founded on the principle of treating patients

0:19:03 > 0:19:05without using alcohol.

0:19:05 > 0:19:09As it gets torn down to make way for HS2,

0:19:09 > 0:19:11a long-buried secret has been discovered in the rubble.

0:19:11 > 0:19:17We sent Dan Cruickshank to find out more.

0:19:21 > 0:19:26On the edge of the Regent's Park Estate in Camden, a crumbling,

0:19:26 > 0:19:29abandoned building - half torn-down but with

0:19:29 > 0:19:33a revolutionary past.

0:19:33 > 0:19:35Soon this building will be demolished to make way

0:19:35 > 0:19:37for the extension to the nearby Euston railway station.

0:19:37 > 0:19:44The arrival of High Speed Two.

0:19:44 > 0:19:47But before it is gone forever, I want to find out more about this

0:19:47 > 0:19:53fascinating yet now condemned part of London's history.

0:19:53 > 0:19:55Built in the late 19th century, the National Temperance Hospital

0:19:55 > 0:19:58was the first of its kind to ban the widespread use of alcohol

0:19:58 > 0:20:03as a medical treatment.

0:20:03 > 0:20:06Behind this radical new approach to medicine were the men and women

0:20:06 > 0:20:11of the Temperance movement.

0:20:11 > 0:20:14A group of teetotallers who had long warned society of the dangers

0:20:14 > 0:20:15of beer and spirits.

0:20:15 > 0:20:17Doctor James Kneale is a historical geographer from University College

0:20:17 > 0:20:23with a particular focus on the controversial

0:20:23 > 0:20:28Victorian-era movement.

0:20:28 > 0:20:30How important was this building in the movement?

0:20:30 > 0:20:31I think it was very important.

0:20:31 > 0:20:34It was designed as an experiment to prove that you could treat people

0:20:34 > 0:20:36without giving them alcohol and it worked.

0:20:36 > 0:20:39It was meant to be a kind of symbol of that attempt and to shift

0:20:40 > 0:20:41people's thinking about it.

0:20:41 > 0:20:46Most hospitals in London and elsewhere in the country used

0:20:46 > 0:20:50alcohol as a treatment for fever or giving medicine in alcohol,

0:20:50 > 0:20:52so it was actually something that was probably a larger budget

0:20:52 > 0:20:57expenditure item than bread and milk.

0:20:57 > 0:20:59Alcohol mixed with medicine, so basically alcohol

0:20:59 > 0:21:00given as a medicine?

0:21:00 > 0:21:01That's entirely right, yes.

0:21:01 > 0:21:04The public tended to be rather suspicious of medicine in the middle

0:21:04 > 0:21:07of the 19th century, so I think the public on the whole

0:21:07 > 0:21:10were very suspicious of the idea that you could live your life

0:21:10 > 0:21:11without alcohol and be treated in hospital.

0:21:11 > 0:21:14Yet, despite the doubts, spent on alcohol at other hospitals

0:21:14 > 0:21:17across the capital gradually declined over the following decades.

0:21:17 > 0:21:19The ethos behind the National Temperance Hospital

0:21:19 > 0:21:21had become mainstream.

0:21:21 > 0:21:27And health care in Britain would never be the same again.

0:21:28 > 0:21:32In 1948, the hospital joined the NHS, operating as normal

0:21:32 > 0:21:36until its closure in 1982.

0:21:36 > 0:21:38The space was later used to treat torture victims

0:21:38 > 0:21:41from around the world.

0:21:41 > 0:21:45But it then slowly fell into disrepair.

0:21:45 > 0:21:48Yet in a remarkable twist of fate, the building's destruction has

0:21:48 > 0:21:53revealed more about the hospital and the movement behind it

0:21:53 > 0:21:54than we ever knew before.

0:21:54 > 0:21:58Laura Williams was there on when the second of two time

0:21:58 > 0:22:07capsules was discovered by the demolition crews.

0:22:07 > 0:22:08-- there when.

0:22:08 > 0:22:11Well, we're standing on the roof of the last

0:22:11 > 0:22:13surviving hospital building and you were here when the second

0:22:13 > 0:22:14time capsule was discovered.

0:22:14 > 0:22:15Tell me about that.

0:22:15 > 0:22:16It must've been exciting.

0:22:16 > 0:22:17Yes, it was really exciting.

0:22:17 > 0:22:20We had already found one, so we had an inkling

0:22:20 > 0:22:24that there could be a second.

0:22:24 > 0:22:28We came along early in the morning, a guy with the camera and a building

0:22:28 > 0:22:30and a building archaeologist, and we watched them lift

0:22:30 > 0:22:31the crane really carefully.

0:22:31 > 0:22:32Nice and easy!

0:22:32 > 0:22:34Initially didn't really think there was anything there but sort

0:22:34 > 0:22:37of gradually revealed this glass vessel that had been

0:22:37 > 0:22:44concealed in a cavity within the foundation stone.

0:22:44 > 0:22:49We saw an advert for Victorian medicine, which was quite fun.

0:22:49 > 0:22:52Obviously, there's this weird irony that you'd find the time capsule

0:22:52 > 0:22:57by destroying the thing that it is commemorating.

0:22:57 > 0:22:59Yes, it's an implicit understanding then that the building

0:22:59 > 0:23:00wouldn't stand forever.

0:23:00 > 0:23:01They had a message.

0:23:01 > 0:23:04And they wanted the message to be carried to eternity.

0:23:04 > 0:23:05Yes.

0:23:05 > 0:23:07After the discovery, the capsules and delicate documents

0:23:07 > 0:23:09within needed to be taken care of.

0:23:09 > 0:23:12This was a job for conservators and paper specialists from Museum

0:23:12 > 0:23:22of London Archaeology.

0:23:22 > 0:23:26Being one of the first people to be able to see within the Time Capsule

0:23:26 > 0:23:27was an incredible privilege.

0:23:27 > 0:23:30Seeing what they chose to place inside gives you a sense

0:23:30 > 0:23:36of connection to the past and to those people in particular.

0:23:36 > 0:23:39As a conservator, I tend to work with objects every day that are from

0:23:39 > 0:23:43archaeological environments.

0:23:43 > 0:23:46Most of these have either been lost accidentally or they have been

0:23:46 > 0:23:49dumped, but it's very rare that we have the opportunity to deal

0:23:49 > 0:23:56with things that have been purposely placed and curated.

0:23:56 > 0:24:01The paper was in remarkably good condition, which is partly

0:24:01 > 0:24:05because they have been in a dark environment for a very long time.

0:24:05 > 0:24:09Once the paper was cleaned and flattened, they were placed

0:24:09 > 0:24:12in individual sleeves so they can be studied and handled without having

0:24:12 > 0:24:19to touch the paper itself.

0:24:19 > 0:24:24For some members of the local community, the demolition of this

0:24:24 > 0:24:29building is a sad end to an era. Peadar Timmins to London from

0:24:29 > 0:24:36Ireland in the 1960s to work as a address on the work of the hospital.

0:24:36 > 0:24:45Fora, time capsules are not... What does a hospital mean to you?The

0:24:45 > 0:24:50Hospital meant everything to me for 19 years of age until last year.

0:24:50 > 0:24:57When I saw it was not down I cried. I actually cried. It was part of our

0:24:57 > 0:25:02lives. And it was gone. 56 years gone. To save 20 minutes on a train

0:25:02 > 0:25:08journey? It's heartbreaking.I have a great deal of sympathy for Patsy.

0:25:08 > 0:25:13I hate the old buildings being demolished, particularly ones that I

0:25:13 > 0:25:16have a personal connection with. But with the discovery of the time

0:25:16 > 0:25:24capsule is, a small part of the hospital will live on. Your we have

0:25:24 > 0:25:28a selection of objects. What will they tell us about the temperance

0:25:28 > 0:25:33movement?There are three kinds of things. The objects relating to the

0:25:33 > 0:25:37temperance movement and those relating to the hospital. Also

0:25:37 > 0:25:42things like Republic of reality is, which was set up to foster people

0:25:42 > 0:25:50drinking coffee and not drinking. It's fascinating, the temperance

0:25:50 > 0:25:53pops but they would sell tea and coffee.Everything except the

0:25:53 > 0:26:04alcohol.This is amazing. It's and astonishing graph. I'll call,

0:26:04 > 0:26:13intoxicating liquors. -- alcohol. The objects themselves are into

0:26:13 > 0:26:15perfectly good condition considering they have been in this glass jars

0:26:15 > 0:26:23for over 100 years. Did you discover that the movement was more

0:26:23 > 0:26:29influential than you thought before? Absolutely, this is a list of people

0:26:29 > 0:26:35invited to the ceremony in 1879. This is a impressive list of MPs. It

0:26:35 > 0:26:40shows as the broad appeal amongst political and religious figures

0:26:40 > 0:26:44forward Trevor Beeson.This is remarkable. We're talking about

0:26:44 > 0:26:49documents, the people, the method, this is exactly why the put them in

0:26:49 > 0:26:53the ground.Yes, they were probably hoping we would have this

0:26:53 > 0:27:00conversation about these documents. Perhaps the strange collection of

0:27:00 > 0:27:03documents has encouraged us. We couldn't have predicted this would

0:27:03 > 0:27:09have been put away for so long.It makes it more intriguing.It does.

0:27:09 > 0:27:13It is sad to see yet another of London's historic buildings being

0:27:13 > 0:27:18destroyed.A remarkable group of people have meant that this

0:27:18 > 0:27:22demolition tells us more about this building then we have ever known

0:27:22 > 0:27:27before. I'm told that there is another Morrill Stone and the law

0:27:27 > 0:27:35that could be a third time capital. -- another memorial stone. We will

0:27:35 > 0:27:41have to wait an extra to find out about this final time capsule. --

0:27:41 > 0:27:43and extra year to find out.

0:27:43 > 0:27:44A third capsule, intriguing stuff.

0:27:44 > 0:27:47We will keep you updated with any developments in that story.

0:27:47 > 0:27:50But that's about it for this week.

0:27:50 > 0:27:54Before we go, let's have a look at what is coming up next week.

0:27:54 > 0:27:55It's not that wide, look.

0:27:55 > 0:27:56I can touch.

0:27:56 > 0:27:57Wow.

0:27:57 > 0:27:59We reveal how landlords are raking in millions by

0:27:59 > 0:28:01renting out tiny flats to the homeless.

0:28:01 > 0:28:02It is one room.

0:28:02 > 0:28:03Yes.

0:28:03 > 0:28:05They are telling you it's a flat.

0:28:05 > 0:28:07And the Government is paying how much?

0:28:07 > 0:28:08£938.

0:28:08 > 0:28:09£938 a month for this one room.

0:28:09 > 0:28:11As the Houses of Parliament crumble, what will it

0:28:11 > 0:28:13take to renovate them?

0:28:13 > 0:28:15Every day the fabric of this historic building

0:28:15 > 0:28:16gets worse.

0:28:16 > 0:28:19The problem is it is deteriorating much quicker than it

0:28:19 > 0:28:22can be fixed.

0:28:22 > 0:28:26And how one man is laughing in the face of his Parkinson's.

0:28:26 > 0:28:31My wife is no longer my wife, she is my carer.

0:28:31 > 0:28:35When told her this, she said that she doesn't care for me!

0:28:35 > 0:28:43LAUGHTER