0:00:08 > 0:00:09Hello, I'm Sean Fletcher.
0:00:09 > 0:00:11You're watching Inside Out London.
0:00:11 > 0:00:13Here is what is coming up on tonight's show.
0:00:13 > 0:00:14More endangered than the giant panda.
0:00:14 > 0:00:16We meet London's last remaining shire horse.
0:00:16 > 0:00:18There is something quintessentially British about the shire horse
0:00:18 > 0:00:19and something very noble.
0:00:19 > 0:00:20They are the biggest horse in the world.
0:00:26 > 0:00:27One gunshot wound to the left flank...
0:00:27 > 0:00:30The doctors making life and death decisions on the trauma front lines.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34The majority of the bullet is lying in the right side of his abdomen,
0:00:34 > 0:00:35having gone through his bowel.
0:00:35 > 0:00:38I suspect there will be a lot of other injuries in there.
0:00:38 > 0:00:39He has life-threatening bleeding and he needs
0:00:39 > 0:00:41an operation to save his life.
0:00:41 > 0:00:43And out of the rubble - the time capsule that
0:00:43 > 0:00:45reveals the secrets of a pioneering hospital.
0:00:45 > 0:00:48Seeing what they have chosen to place inside gives a sense
0:00:48 > 0:00:58of connection to the past and those people in particular.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11When we think of endangered species, it's usually rhinos and tigers
0:01:11 > 0:01:13being hunted to extinction on the other side of the world
0:01:14 > 0:01:15that spring to mind.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17You probably wouldn't think of the humble British shire horse.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19But in fact, their numbers have now dipped below
0:01:19 > 0:01:23those of the giant panda.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26We're lucky enough to still have a herd working here in London.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29And I had the chance to go down and meet them.
0:01:32 > 0:01:37These horses work for a living.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40Today they are the engine that pulls the machine that cuts
0:01:40 > 0:01:41this wildflower meadow.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43This is no ordinary wildflower meadow, though,
0:01:43 > 0:01:45and they are no ordinary horses.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47This is Kensington Palace, home to our future monarch,
0:01:47 > 0:01:50and these beautiful beasts were first bred by King Henry VIII
0:01:50 > 0:01:56to be used as giant warhorses.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59A century ago, there were 1 million of them working in this country,
0:01:59 > 0:02:01between 30 and 40,000 in London alone.
0:02:01 > 0:02:08Today the capital is left with just one working stable.
0:02:08 > 0:02:10Operation Centaur is housed here in Richmond Park,
0:02:10 > 0:02:15with Heath and Nobby living with six other shire horses.
0:02:15 > 0:02:17There is something quintessentially British about shire horse
0:02:17 > 0:02:18and something very noble.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20They are the biggest horse in the world.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23They are very impressive when you see them for the first time.
0:02:23 > 0:02:24Each one weighs over a tonne.
0:02:24 > 0:02:26We are trying to make working horses like shire horses
0:02:26 > 0:02:30relevant to working in inner cities like London.
0:02:30 > 0:02:35And we do that in a number of different ways, we work
0:02:35 > 0:02:37on conservation, so we have wildflower meadows, we harrow,
0:02:37 > 0:02:46we do logging in various woods.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49There's a heritage element.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52This herd of rare shire horses are a beautiful
0:02:52 > 0:02:55and unexpected sight, but once upon a time you would have
0:02:55 > 0:03:02seen them all over London.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05Shire horses were ubiquitous, you could find them
0:03:05 > 0:03:11on any street corner.
0:03:11 > 0:03:20They were the sort of lorries or white vans of the day.
0:03:20 > 0:03:23People used them to transport goods, to unload barges from the canals,
0:03:23 > 0:03:32they were everywhere.
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Another familiar sight in any large town is the brewery,
0:03:36 > 0:03:38whose load is carried by a magnificent shire horses.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40They have an average working life of eight years.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43The drivers are proud of their teams as they drag their daily loads
0:03:43 > 0:03:44through London's streets.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46Young's brewery once used them to deliver beer.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50They poured a load of two and a half tonnes.
0:03:50 > 0:03:51-- pulled a load.
0:03:51 > 0:03:52Henry Coward worked with them for 37 years.
0:03:53 > 0:03:54We had 18-20 horses.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57We had our own farrier on board as well, so we had
0:03:57 > 0:04:00a permanent farrier.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04Horses needed new shoes quite regularly when walking
0:04:04 > 0:04:06the streets of London, maybe 4-5 weeks those
0:04:06 > 0:04:07shoes would last.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10We would do within a 3-5 mile radius of the brewery.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13I suppose 30 pubs through the course of the week.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16Would the horses have had a better life in a field munching grass
0:04:16 > 0:04:18rather than working hard on the streets of London?
0:04:18 > 0:04:21They were bred to work, they are working animals.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24They enjoy doing the work and you can see because they
0:04:24 > 0:04:25do whatever you ask.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27For me, it's better that they work than they are stuck
0:04:27 > 0:04:32in a field all day long.
0:04:32 > 0:04:34The brewery last worked with shires in 2006.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36They had disappeared from London's streets long before that
0:04:36 > 0:04:38and it was all down to one thing.
0:04:38 > 0:04:39The combustion engine.
0:04:39 > 0:04:41Just before the First World War, there was a massive change
0:04:41 > 0:04:44in London, people got rid of their carriages and horses and
0:04:44 > 0:04:48the same went for it shire horses.
0:04:48 > 0:04:52It became cheaper to bring lorries in and motorised vehicles in.
0:04:52 > 0:04:57After the Second World War, shires almost completely disappeared
0:04:57 > 0:05:00off our streetscapes.
0:05:00 > 0:05:04Now they are rarer than pandas.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15Operation Centaur wants to prove that the shire horse can
0:05:15 > 0:05:19once again be useful in today's high-tech world.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30Nobby and Heath resemble a Constable painting as they work
0:05:30 > 0:05:32in Kensington Palace, but this isn't just
0:05:32 > 0:05:34about celebrating a nostalgic past.
0:05:34 > 0:05:36Surprisingly, these ancient beasts are still better for this wildflower
0:05:36 > 0:05:42meadow than a tractor.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45When you have a tractor on a wildflower meadow,
0:05:45 > 0:05:49it compacts the soil and that is one of the big no nos
0:05:49 > 0:05:50for a wildflower meadow, really.
0:05:50 > 0:05:52That means that the seeds don't germinate in the same way.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54Shire horses tread lightly.
0:05:54 > 0:06:00All the green spaces we have, they are not big enough
0:06:00 > 0:06:02to have tractors on there.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05We don't need it and I think the communities of these green
0:06:05 > 0:06:07spaces want to get involved.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10If you see a wildflower meadow being cut by a tractor, nobody will stop.
0:06:10 > 0:06:13If you have a pair of shires there, everybody wants to come
0:06:13 > 0:06:14and learn about it.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16This is really why this is still relevant.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19It's not just about doing the job, it's also about making this
0:06:19 > 0:06:22historical horse really very much part of today.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25Getting a tractor to go where you want in a wildflower
0:06:25 > 0:06:27meadow needs a bit of pedal and steering-wheel control.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29But driving two very large horses must be a very
0:06:30 > 0:06:32different thing altogether.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34A shire horse takes a couple of years
0:06:34 > 0:06:36at least to train.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39At first they don't really want to do anything
0:06:39 > 0:06:42because most things scare them, they are a flight animal.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45They run, their main thing is to run away from
0:06:45 > 0:06:47something.
0:06:47 > 0:06:50If you think that they weigh a tonne, they've got all that
0:06:50 > 0:06:53chain and metal attached to them, and if something scares them, off
0:06:53 > 0:06:54they will go.
0:06:54 > 0:06:55So how do you do it?
0:06:55 > 0:06:58You train them.
0:06:58 > 0:07:04Bit by bit they get confident, they start to trust you.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07Shires are funny things.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09They are more like your colleagues.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11If you upset them in the morning, they
0:07:11 > 0:07:13will be upset all day long.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15I mean, a normal horse will forget within
0:07:15 > 0:07:18minutes but a shire one will hold a resentment all day long, so you
0:07:18 > 0:07:19cannot upset them.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21You cannot afford to upset them first thing.
0:07:21 > 0:07:23It was suggested that I might like to give
0:07:23 > 0:07:27the driving a try, a couple of ropes and an animal that didn't know me
0:07:27 > 0:07:30very well didn't exactly fill me with confidence for what could be a
0:07:30 > 0:07:31very interesting driving lesson.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34What you do is say, walk on.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36Yeah, that's going to move with him.
0:07:36 > 0:07:37Nobby, walk on.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39Good.
0:07:39 > 0:07:45And then bring him out to the left.
0:07:45 > 0:07:56To begin with, Getty feel of his pace.Al Gore at his place. Now I
0:07:56 > 0:08:01will turn him.Yes, bring him to the right. That's it. You get a sense of
0:08:01 > 0:08:08how strong he is.I'll bring him round to the right.Yes, say, come
0:08:08 > 0:08:21round, Nobby. Feel the rhythm. Try to get the sense of rhythm in his
0:08:21 > 0:08:40walk.Brilliant, well done. Nobby, stop. Brilliant. Thank you, Nobby!
0:08:40 > 0:08:44After a day spent with Nobby and these other beautiful horses, you
0:08:44 > 0:08:48cannot help but fall in love with them and hope that something can be
0:08:48 > 0:08:51done to ensure their long-term survival. The good news is that
0:08:51 > 0:08:56Operation Centaur believe they can be made yourself once again on a
0:08:56 > 0:09:00larger scale.Working horses are the solution to the decline because in
0:09:00 > 0:09:05their breeding programme you need to have a purpose. Why are we reading
0:09:05 > 0:09:10back with three horses? They need jobs. That is what we need to
0:09:10 > 0:09:16convince people. We need to convince people that they can work in cities
0:09:16 > 0:09:20like London. No reason why local councils cannot look at how they
0:09:20 > 0:09:26provide land management services and include shire horses. It makes
0:09:26 > 0:09:32sense.What a wonderful thought. A rare and often forgotten very
0:09:32 > 0:09:36English animal not only saved but potentially increased, not just for
0:09:36 > 0:09:45the good of the animal but our benefit. They were truly amazing
0:09:45 > 0:09:49animals. It was a bit of privilege getting to know them. Still to come
0:09:49 > 0:09:58on tonight's so. --'s show.Sony putting a lot be demolished to make
0:09:58 > 0:10:04room for High Speed Two. Before it is gone forever, I want to find out
0:10:04 > 0:10:09more about this fascinating it condemned part of London's history.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11-- fascinating yet condemned.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14Knife crime in the capital has surged by almost a third in the past
0:10:14 > 0:10:17year, just one of the factors putting more pressure on the doctors
0:10:17 > 0:10:18and nurses in our front-line emergency teams.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20Our reporter has been given unprecedented access to
0:10:20 > 0:10:29the resuscitation unit at the one London Hospital in Whitechapel.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31He found out how this major trauma
0:10:31 > 0:10:34centre is facing the challenges of an unrelenting stream of life or
0:10:34 > 0:10:35death cases.
0:10:35 > 0:10:36It's just gone midnight.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38A young man has been shot.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41So we'll get him across and get the handover.
0:10:42 > 0:10:44He is Friday's first arrival.
0:10:44 > 0:10:54He had been left with serious wounds by friends at another hospital.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58The A&E register phoned me and they have got him,
0:10:58 > 0:11:00he'd been brought in I think by his friends.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02He has been shot in the left flank.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04With the young man come the armed police.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06They always do when somebody has been shot.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08OK, just to give the handover when you're ready, please.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10He has one gunshot wound to the left flank.
0:11:10 > 0:11:11No exit wound.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13He is stable.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16He has been given ten morphine...
0:11:16 > 0:11:19As the patient is prepared for a scan, the police prepare
0:11:19 > 0:11:20to cover the entrances to the scanning room.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25That goes into the corridor there.
0:11:25 > 0:11:28They are here to stop his attackers trying again and to protect
0:11:28 > 0:11:29the staff trying to save him.
0:11:29 > 0:11:30Just keep still.
0:11:30 > 0:11:32We are going to do everything for you.
0:11:32 > 0:11:33Half way across.
0:11:33 > 0:11:34Slide.
0:11:34 > 0:11:35Ready, slide.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37The bullet is in his stomach.
0:11:37 > 0:11:47It has pierced his bowels and he will need surgery.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51He's got an entry wound on the left side of his body, his flank,
0:11:51 > 0:11:54and the majority of the bullet is lying on the right
0:11:54 > 0:11:55side of his abdomen.
0:11:55 > 0:11:57Having gone through his bowel and several other
0:11:57 > 0:11:58structures on the way there.
0:11:58 > 0:12:01He has a belly full of blood, bleeding from his bowel and possibly
0:12:01 > 0:12:04from other structures, he's got some gas that has escaped
0:12:04 > 0:12:06escaped from his bowel, but I suspect there
0:12:06 > 0:12:09will be a lot of other injuries in there.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12The bullet has gone right across from one side to the other.
0:12:12 > 0:12:13So he's got life-threatening bleeding and we need
0:12:13 > 0:12:17an operation to save his life.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19As the scan is completed and the police continue to stand
0:12:19 > 0:12:22guard, the on-call trauma surgeon is put in from home.
0:12:22 > 0:12:26Four floors up, they begin preparations for the operation.
0:12:26 > 0:12:29They don't go in straight lines, bullets.
0:12:29 > 0:12:35To be honest, we will be going inside his abdomen
0:12:35 > 0:12:39in the next few minutes to be able to see everything that has gone on.
0:12:39 > 0:12:41The Royal London will see around 100 gunshot victims a year
0:12:41 > 0:12:46and around 700 stab victims.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49It's our job to fix people who are injured and there are all
0:12:49 > 0:12:53sorts of reasons why people get injured.
0:12:53 > 0:12:56From being crushed by buses, shot, all of them are part
0:12:56 > 0:13:00of society's problems.
0:13:00 > 0:13:02Essentially, that's what we are here for.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05Yes, it's a terrible thing to happen to somebody,
0:13:05 > 0:13:08it scars them and their family for life and it's an indictment
0:13:08 > 0:13:11of the society we have found ourselves in that this is coming
0:13:11 > 0:13:14into the UK now.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16Just over one hour later, the operation is over.
0:13:16 > 0:13:18The man's bowel is repaired.
0:13:18 > 0:13:23He will be moved to intensive care.
0:13:23 > 0:13:24Open your mouth, sir.
0:13:24 > 0:13:26Stick your tongue out.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29Back downstairs in resus, it's time for the night shift to go home.
0:13:29 > 0:13:34One shift over, but they know there is a busier one to come.
0:13:34 > 0:13:39Senior sister Alex welcomes the troops.
0:13:39 > 0:13:42A five-minute handover at eight o'clock that marks the start
0:13:42 > 0:13:43of the Friday night shift.
0:13:43 > 0:13:44They have come prepared.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47They know they will be on their feet a lot.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49Hello, into resus?
0:13:49 > 0:13:56Thanks, bye.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58It's not long before the calls start to come.
0:13:58 > 0:13:59An assaulted patient, male.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01He has been punched and kicked.
0:14:01 > 0:14:02Cardiac arrest, completely unresponsive.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04This man has been beaten up and knocked unconscious.
0:14:04 > 0:14:12Just got to move your legs slightly.
0:14:12 > 0:14:15An elderly man has been brought in after falling ill at home.
0:14:15 > 0:14:17Then come the Friday regulars.
0:14:17 > 0:14:20HE GROANS
0:14:20 > 0:14:24It's 11:30pm, a man has been stabbed.
0:14:24 > 0:14:28A three centimetre wound to the right spinal region.
0:14:28 > 0:14:38About four centimetres from the line.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43Watching over things is consultant Katy in charge
0:14:43 > 0:14:44of the emergency department tonight.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46We have a young man who has been stabbed.
0:14:46 > 0:14:47It's his upper limbs.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50He is obviously really frightened that this has happened to him.
0:14:50 > 0:14:52He is quite vocal because of that.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54We will just have a little look down here, OK?
0:14:54 > 0:14:57Just to make sure there is nothing that we've missed and then we'll
0:14:57 > 0:14:59have a look at your back.
0:14:59 > 0:15:01The young man has a number of stab wounds.
0:15:01 > 0:15:03He constantly asks the staff if he's lost too much blood.
0:15:03 > 0:15:05If he's going to survive.
0:15:05 > 0:15:06You are not losing blood.
0:15:06 > 0:15:07It's a very small wound.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10We just need to have a scan and make sure that everything
0:15:10 > 0:15:13is all right on the inside, but your blood pressure is fine,
0:15:13 > 0:15:15your heart rate is fine and we're very happy with you.
0:15:15 > 0:15:17You're going to be all right.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19With the stabbing victims come the police again.
0:15:19 > 0:15:23They also come with the victims of car crashes and other assaults.
0:15:23 > 0:15:31With the officers in blue, the teams in orange from London's
0:15:31 > 0:15:32Air Ambulance, who bring the badly injured in.
0:15:32 > 0:15:35I think the stuff we do here is world leading
0:15:35 > 0:15:36for the wrong reasons.
0:15:36 > 0:15:38Its world leading because unfortunately we see
0:15:38 > 0:15:40a lot of these people, so the volume of stab victims
0:15:40 > 0:15:44that we see here through London is just of a volume we have to be
0:15:44 > 0:15:46efficient and able to deal with the things that
0:15:46 > 0:15:47are presented to us.
0:15:47 > 0:15:51That is a sad thing.
0:15:51 > 0:15:54We know that quite a few people that get stabbed get stabbed
0:15:54 > 0:15:55by someone they know.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57The random attacks are less common.
0:15:57 > 0:16:00It's usually someone they know and there is some background to it.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02Even more sadly, we often see people that had been
0:16:02 > 0:16:04stabbed more than once, as in six months ago
0:16:04 > 0:16:06and now repeated again.
0:16:06 > 0:16:12They are at a much higher risk it seems.
0:16:12 > 0:16:17It seems there is no real reason for it most of the time.
0:16:17 > 0:16:22Abdomen stab wounds come in.
0:16:22 > 0:16:26Three stabs.
0:16:26 > 0:16:27On arrival...
0:16:27 > 0:16:29It's not unusual for them to bring in three or four stab
0:16:29 > 0:16:31victims on a Friday night.
0:16:31 > 0:16:32It's all right.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34Another young man has been stabbed, the second of the evening.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36Another multiple stabbing.
0:16:36 > 0:16:37Chest and abdomen, we think.
0:16:37 > 0:16:39We are more concerned because the heart rate
0:16:39 > 0:16:44is very high, 145-150.
0:16:44 > 0:16:46It might just be because this patient has been running
0:16:46 > 0:16:48from their assailant, but it must also be
0:16:48 > 0:16:49because they have lost blood.
0:16:49 > 0:16:53So that's what we need to be concerned about.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56After a scan, the young man is taken to intensive care.
0:16:56 > 0:16:57He will survive.
0:16:57 > 0:16:58PHONE RINGS
0:16:58 > 0:17:00The phone calls keep coming.
0:17:00 > 0:17:01It's 1:30am.
0:17:01 > 0:17:02The ambulances keep arriving.
0:17:02 > 0:17:04The patients keep coming.
0:17:04 > 0:17:05Coming by air or land?
0:17:05 > 0:17:06Land.
0:17:06 > 0:17:12OK, all right.
0:17:12 > 0:17:14Ah.
0:17:14 > 0:17:18We have a male trauma gunshot to the head.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21He is the second gunshot victim seen here in just 24 hours.
0:17:21 > 0:17:25Hello, this one.
0:17:25 > 0:17:35The report is that he has been shot in the head.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38When he arrived it was 14 but he was very agitated.
0:17:38 > 0:17:40This gentleman has been shot to the head and,
0:17:40 > 0:17:43although he was quite awake when the team got them,
0:17:43 > 0:17:45he was quite agitated, very, very swollen, sticking out eyeballs.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48They have popped him off to sleep and made some cuts
0:17:48 > 0:17:50through the tendons to release the pressure behind his eyeballs
0:17:50 > 0:17:52just to help his eyes a bit.
0:17:52 > 0:17:54He will have an operation later before heading to intensive care.
0:17:54 > 0:17:57It feels as though we've had quite a busy evening.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00One trauma call after the other and none of the team has had
0:18:00 > 0:18:03a break, it's about 3:30am now.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06But this isn't particularly busy and it's going to get
0:18:06 > 0:18:07busier over the winter.
0:18:07 > 0:18:13It could have been worse, certainly.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16Staff like senior sister Alex will soon be heading home.
0:18:16 > 0:18:20More than five years after starting here she is still going strong.
0:18:20 > 0:18:26When you have a situation that is really awful, we have people
0:18:26 > 0:18:29that are in the absolute worst point of their life, and you look
0:18:29 > 0:18:32after them and make a difference and sometimes that is sitting
0:18:32 > 0:18:34with relatives or with the patient, we do do a good
0:18:34 > 0:18:37job and we know we do.
0:18:37 > 0:18:39That's when you go home, it's what makes you able to go
0:18:39 > 0:18:41to sleep eventually.
0:18:41 > 0:18:43And the team is the absolute ultimate.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46Without them, we would not be able to do it and I certainly
0:18:46 > 0:18:48wouldn't come back every day after five years.
0:18:48 > 0:18:51She will be back, as will the rest of the team -
0:18:51 > 0:18:58while most of London is sleeping, they will be at their busiest.
0:18:58 > 0:19:00For over a century, the National Temperance Hospital
0:19:00 > 0:19:01has stood in Euston.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03A hospital founded on the principle of treating patients
0:19:03 > 0:19:05without using alcohol.
0:19:05 > 0:19:09As it gets torn down to make way for HS2,
0:19:09 > 0:19:11a long-buried secret has been discovered in the rubble.
0:19:11 > 0:19:17We sent Dan Cruickshank to find out more.
0:19:21 > 0:19:26On the edge of the Regent's Park Estate in Camden, a crumbling,
0:19:26 > 0:19:29abandoned building - half torn-down but with
0:19:29 > 0:19:33a revolutionary past.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35Soon this building will be demolished to make way
0:19:35 > 0:19:37for the extension to the nearby Euston railway station.
0:19:37 > 0:19:44The arrival of High Speed Two.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47But before it is gone forever, I want to find out more about this
0:19:47 > 0:19:53fascinating yet now condemned part of London's history.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55Built in the late 19th century, the National Temperance Hospital
0:19:55 > 0:19:58was the first of its kind to ban the widespread use of alcohol
0:19:58 > 0:20:03as a medical treatment.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06Behind this radical new approach to medicine were the men and women
0:20:06 > 0:20:11of the Temperance movement.
0:20:11 > 0:20:14A group of teetotallers who had long warned society of the dangers
0:20:14 > 0:20:15of beer and spirits.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17Doctor James Kneale is a historical geographer from University College
0:20:17 > 0:20:23with a particular focus on the controversial
0:20:23 > 0:20:28Victorian-era movement.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30How important was this building in the movement?
0:20:30 > 0:20:31I think it was very important.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34It was designed as an experiment to prove that you could treat people
0:20:34 > 0:20:36without giving them alcohol and it worked.
0:20:36 > 0:20:39It was meant to be a kind of symbol of that attempt and to shift
0:20:40 > 0:20:41people's thinking about it.
0:20:41 > 0:20:46Most hospitals in London and elsewhere in the country used
0:20:46 > 0:20:50alcohol as a treatment for fever or giving medicine in alcohol,
0:20:50 > 0:20:52so it was actually something that was probably a larger budget
0:20:52 > 0:20:57expenditure item than bread and milk.
0:20:57 > 0:20:59Alcohol mixed with medicine, so basically alcohol
0:20:59 > 0:21:00given as a medicine?
0:21:00 > 0:21:01That's entirely right, yes.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04The public tended to be rather suspicious of medicine in the middle
0:21:04 > 0:21:07of the 19th century, so I think the public on the whole
0:21:07 > 0:21:10were very suspicious of the idea that you could live your life
0:21:10 > 0:21:11without alcohol and be treated in hospital.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14Yet, despite the doubts, spent on alcohol at other hospitals
0:21:14 > 0:21:17across the capital gradually declined over the following decades.
0:21:17 > 0:21:19The ethos behind the National Temperance Hospital
0:21:19 > 0:21:21had become mainstream.
0:21:21 > 0:21:27And health care in Britain would never be the same again.
0:21:28 > 0:21:32In 1948, the hospital joined the NHS, operating as normal
0:21:32 > 0:21:36until its closure in 1982.
0:21:36 > 0:21:38The space was later used to treat torture victims
0:21:38 > 0:21:41from around the world.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45But it then slowly fell into disrepair.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48Yet in a remarkable twist of fate, the building's destruction has
0:21:48 > 0:21:53revealed more about the hospital and the movement behind it
0:21:53 > 0:21:54than we ever knew before.
0:21:54 > 0:21:58Laura Williams was there on when the second of two time
0:21:58 > 0:22:07capsules was discovered by the demolition crews.
0:22:07 > 0:22:08-- there when.
0:22:08 > 0:22:11Well, we're standing on the roof of the last
0:22:11 > 0:22:13surviving hospital building and you were here when the second
0:22:13 > 0:22:14time capsule was discovered.
0:22:14 > 0:22:15Tell me about that.
0:22:15 > 0:22:16It must've been exciting.
0:22:16 > 0:22:17Yes, it was really exciting.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20We had already found one, so we had an inkling
0:22:20 > 0:22:24that there could be a second.
0:22:24 > 0:22:28We came along early in the morning, a guy with the camera and a building
0:22:28 > 0:22:30and a building archaeologist, and we watched them lift
0:22:30 > 0:22:31the crane really carefully.
0:22:31 > 0:22:32Nice and easy!
0:22:32 > 0:22:34Initially didn't really think there was anything there but sort
0:22:34 > 0:22:37of gradually revealed this glass vessel that had been
0:22:37 > 0:22:44concealed in a cavity within the foundation stone.
0:22:44 > 0:22:49We saw an advert for Victorian medicine, which was quite fun.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52Obviously, there's this weird irony that you'd find the time capsule
0:22:52 > 0:22:57by destroying the thing that it is commemorating.
0:22:57 > 0:22:59Yes, it's an implicit understanding then that the building
0:22:59 > 0:23:00wouldn't stand forever.
0:23:00 > 0:23:01They had a message.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04And they wanted the message to be carried to eternity.
0:23:04 > 0:23:05Yes.
0:23:05 > 0:23:07After the discovery, the capsules and delicate documents
0:23:07 > 0:23:09within needed to be taken care of.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12This was a job for conservators and paper specialists from Museum
0:23:12 > 0:23:22of London Archaeology.
0:23:22 > 0:23:26Being one of the first people to be able to see within the Time Capsule
0:23:26 > 0:23:27was an incredible privilege.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30Seeing what they chose to place inside gives you a sense
0:23:30 > 0:23:36of connection to the past and to those people in particular.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39As a conservator, I tend to work with objects every day that are from
0:23:39 > 0:23:43archaeological environments.
0:23:43 > 0:23:46Most of these have either been lost accidentally or they have been
0:23:46 > 0:23:49dumped, but it's very rare that we have the opportunity to deal
0:23:49 > 0:23:56with things that have been purposely placed and curated.
0:23:56 > 0:24:01The paper was in remarkably good condition, which is partly
0:24:01 > 0:24:05because they have been in a dark environment for a very long time.
0:24:05 > 0:24:09Once the paper was cleaned and flattened, they were placed
0:24:09 > 0:24:12in individual sleeves so they can be studied and handled without having
0:24:12 > 0:24:19to touch the paper itself.
0:24:19 > 0:24:24For some members of the local community, the demolition of this
0:24:24 > 0:24:29building is a sad end to an era. Peadar Timmins to London from
0:24:29 > 0:24:36Ireland in the 1960s to work as a address on the work of the hospital.
0:24:36 > 0:24:45Fora, time capsules are not... What does a hospital mean to you?The
0:24:45 > 0:24:50Hospital meant everything to me for 19 years of age until last year.
0:24:50 > 0:24:57When I saw it was not down I cried. I actually cried. It was part of our
0:24:57 > 0:25:02lives. And it was gone. 56 years gone. To save 20 minutes on a train
0:25:02 > 0:25:08journey? It's heartbreaking.I have a great deal of sympathy for Patsy.
0:25:08 > 0:25:13I hate the old buildings being demolished, particularly ones that I
0:25:13 > 0:25:16have a personal connection with. But with the discovery of the time
0:25:16 > 0:25:24capsule is, a small part of the hospital will live on. Your we have
0:25:24 > 0:25:28a selection of objects. What will they tell us about the temperance
0:25:28 > 0:25:33movement?There are three kinds of things. The objects relating to the
0:25:33 > 0:25:37temperance movement and those relating to the hospital. Also
0:25:37 > 0:25:42things like Republic of reality is, which was set up to foster people
0:25:42 > 0:25:50drinking coffee and not drinking. It's fascinating, the temperance
0:25:50 > 0:25:53pops but they would sell tea and coffee.Everything except the
0:25:53 > 0:26:04alcohol.This is amazing. It's and astonishing graph. I'll call,
0:26:04 > 0:26:13intoxicating liquors. -- alcohol. The objects themselves are into
0:26:13 > 0:26:15perfectly good condition considering they have been in this glass jars
0:26:15 > 0:26:23for over 100 years. Did you discover that the movement was more
0:26:23 > 0:26:29influential than you thought before? Absolutely, this is a list of people
0:26:29 > 0:26:35invited to the ceremony in 1879. This is a impressive list of MPs. It
0:26:35 > 0:26:40shows as the broad appeal amongst political and religious figures
0:26:40 > 0:26:44forward Trevor Beeson.This is remarkable. We're talking about
0:26:44 > 0:26:49documents, the people, the method, this is exactly why the put them in
0:26:49 > 0:26:53the ground.Yes, they were probably hoping we would have this
0:26:53 > 0:27:00conversation about these documents. Perhaps the strange collection of
0:27:00 > 0:27:03documents has encouraged us. We couldn't have predicted this would
0:27:03 > 0:27:09have been put away for so long.It makes it more intriguing.It does.
0:27:09 > 0:27:13It is sad to see yet another of London's historic buildings being
0:27:13 > 0:27:18destroyed.A remarkable group of people have meant that this
0:27:18 > 0:27:22demolition tells us more about this building then we have ever known
0:27:22 > 0:27:27before. I'm told that there is another Morrill Stone and the law
0:27:27 > 0:27:35that could be a third time capital. -- another memorial stone. We will
0:27:35 > 0:27:41have to wait an extra to find out about this final time capsule. --
0:27:41 > 0:27:43and extra year to find out.
0:27:43 > 0:27:44A third capsule, intriguing stuff.
0:27:44 > 0:27:47We will keep you updated with any developments in that story.
0:27:47 > 0:27:50But that's about it for this week.
0:27:50 > 0:27:54Before we go, let's have a look at what is coming up next week.
0:27:54 > 0:27:55It's not that wide, look.
0:27:55 > 0:27:56I can touch.
0:27:56 > 0:27:57Wow.
0:27:57 > 0:27:59We reveal how landlords are raking in millions by
0:27:59 > 0:28:01renting out tiny flats to the homeless.
0:28:01 > 0:28:02It is one room.
0:28:02 > 0:28:03Yes.
0:28:03 > 0:28:05They are telling you it's a flat.
0:28:05 > 0:28:07And the Government is paying how much?
0:28:07 > 0:28:08£938.
0:28:08 > 0:28:09£938 a month for this one room.
0:28:09 > 0:28:11As the Houses of Parliament crumble, what will it
0:28:11 > 0:28:13take to renovate them?
0:28:13 > 0:28:15Every day the fabric of this historic building
0:28:15 > 0:28:16gets worse.
0:28:16 > 0:28:19The problem is it is deteriorating much quicker than it
0:28:19 > 0:28:22can be fixed.
0:28:22 > 0:28:26And how one man is laughing in the face of his Parkinson's.
0:28:26 > 0:28:31My wife is no longer my wife, she is my carer.
0:28:31 > 0:28:35When told her this, she said that she doesn't care for me!
0:28:35 > 0:28:43LAUGHTER