:00:07. > :00:12.$:/STARTFEED. Tonight, one of the nation's favourite retailers fined
:00:12. > :00:16.for taking unacceptable risks with asbestos. Staff and contractors
:00:16. > :00:21.should definitely, and members of the public, should definitely be
:00:21. > :00:25.concerned about their health if they shopped in that store. We'll
:00:25. > :00:35.ask, should Marks & Spencers learned lessons froms a bes tonne
:00:35. > :00:35.
:00:35. > :00:39.in its flagship store more than a decade ago? -- asbestos. They
:00:39. > :00:48.cannot guarantee the safety of anyone, the customers staff or
:00:48. > :00:52.anyone. Even one person is too many. I
:00:52. > :00:57.don't want anyone else to go through that.
:00:57. > :01:01.And we ask Marks & Spencers, is this how a responsible and ethical
:01:01. > :01:05.retailer should behave? This is regreatable. I've said, the
:01:05. > :01:09.implementation of the policy was not good. We are very sorry about
:01:09. > :01:19.that and have taken steps to make sure it never happens again.
:01:19. > :01:33.
:01:33. > :01:37.Chris Jackson and this is Inside Traditionally cured salmon with
:01:37. > :01:44.creamy mustard and dill sauce. Marks & Spencers has long been one
:01:44. > :01:50.of our favourite retailers. It has an impeccable image.
:01:50. > :01:55.We expect to feel safe in its stores. That's why the evidence
:01:55. > :02:01.we've uncovered about how it's handled asbestos is worried. This
:02:02. > :02:07.is not just food. This is M&S food. My dad was a Marks & Spencers man.
:02:07. > :02:12.He was very kind, very generous, very thoughtful. Peter Jackson
:02:12. > :02:18.worked as a warehouseman in Ashton- Under-Lyne in Greater Manchester
:02:18. > :02:23.for almost three decades. Seven years ago, he developed chest pains,
:02:23. > :02:28.lacked energy and lost weight. After tests, he was diagnosed with
:02:28. > :02:33.mesothelioma, caused by breathing asbestos fibres, taking an average
:02:33. > :02:37.of 40 years to develop. The doctors kept saying he must have worked
:02:37. > :02:42.with asbestos and he said, I haven't. He was thinking and
:02:42. > :02:48.thinking and thinking. Then it clicked with him. Peter recalled a
:02:48. > :02:55.time in 1977 when the Ashton store was being refurbished. He was
:02:55. > :03:01.working nights. Whenever the store was closed, the employees, the
:03:01. > :03:08.warehousemen had come in to oversee general security, they called it.
:03:08. > :03:13.But while he was working, Peter said he was breathing asbestos
:03:13. > :03:20.fibres which were in the ceilings. He described the conditions in a
:03:20. > :03:26.statement. I could see the dust in the air. Men doing the work wore
:03:26. > :03:31.white boiler suits and masks. I wore my ordinary clothes. I didn't
:03:31. > :03:36.have any protection. Working over the top of him. The dust was
:03:36. > :03:41.falling straight on top of him really. He'd have to clean it up
:03:41. > :03:47.because the store was still open for trading in the mornings.
:03:47. > :03:56.almost 30 years, the asbestos fibres remained in his lungs.
:03:56. > :04:02.said he had pains in his back. He went to the hospital and just got
:04:02. > :04:08.told, this is mesothelioma and there is no cure. Once diagnosed,
:04:08. > :04:17.it can kill swiftly. Eventually, Peter was paid compensation by M&S.
:04:17. > :04:23.He died in 2008. He was so brave about it. They
:04:23. > :04:28.should be held accountable for their actions because one person is
:04:28. > :04:36.too many. Western person's too many -- one person's too many. I don't
:04:36. > :04:42.want anyone to go through that. Freda worked in mark sten in Kent.
:04:42. > :04:48.An area next to the canteen and stock rooms was refurbished. The
:04:48. > :04:58.building contained asbestos. She said the staff weren't warned or
:04:58. > :05:02.given protection. The work evidently went on for so long that
:05:02. > :05:11.some of the workers who were working on this project married
:05:11. > :05:16.some of the emand Cesc staff. 2007, Freda was asked whether she'd
:05:16. > :05:21.come into contact with asbestos. She developed mesothelioma. She was
:05:21. > :05:26.unaware how she contracted this disease. It was only because she
:05:26. > :05:30.met the local chemist and hairdresser who said in the local
:05:30. > :05:36.newspaper this store had asbestos in the store and she hadn't been
:05:36. > :05:44.exposed to it anywhere else. was paid compensation. She died
:05:44. > :05:48.from mesothelioma in 2011. It's possible that staff were exposed to
:05:48. > :05:54.asbestos in the 120s -- stores. It's clear that the store doesn't
:05:54. > :05:59.understand the risks that we do today. It's tragic that staff and
:05:59. > :06:04.colleagues were suffering in this way. We paid compensation swi
:06:04. > :06:12.absolutely right. I'm clear that our policies have become industry-
:06:12. > :06:20.leading. My dad was totally dedicated to me
:06:20. > :06:26.and my sister and my mum. Peter was a warehouse manager at M&S from the
:06:26. > :06:30.1960s to the 1990s. He had rheumatoid arthritis. In 2010, he
:06:31. > :06:34.began feeling breathless. He was also diagnosed with asbestos
:06:34. > :06:39.related diffuse plural thickening. Every time he was hospitalised,
:06:39. > :06:44.they said, have you worked with asbestos and we were always
:06:44. > :06:50.surprised. Eventually, Peter thought he may have been exposed to
:06:50. > :06:55.asbestos at five M&S stores. described people working, smashing
:06:56. > :07:00.down ceilings, taking cladding off walls and columns and all of that,
:07:00. > :07:05.as he described to me, was made of asbestos. They'd have a dust sheet
:07:05. > :07:07.up between the shop floor that was still open and the warehouse or the
:07:07. > :07:11.bits that they were developing at the time.
:07:11. > :07:15.Peter died from a heart attack in May last year before he could
:07:15. > :07:21.pursue his claim for compensation. He was so out of breath, he
:07:21. > :07:28.couldn't walk from the sofa to the kitchen table. That's a horrible
:07:28. > :07:38.thing to watch. It was so sad. M&S says it was not responsible in any
:07:38. > :07:43.way for Peter's asbestos exposure. It seems unbelievable that someone
:07:43. > :07:49.doing their job in a M&S could have died from exposure to asbestos. Is
:07:49. > :07:54.it a one in a million event or much more common? It's long been known
:07:54. > :07:59.that many major retailers have stores that contain asbestos.
:07:59. > :08:04.That's because they were built before 2000, before asbestos was
:08:04. > :08:08.banned as a construction material. The list of stores fined or
:08:08. > :08:14.criticised for breaching asbestos regulations is shocking. House of
:08:14. > :08:20.Fraser was fined in 1997 by Birmingham magistrates. Blacks in
:08:20. > :08:26.London for an incident in 2005. Co- op Manchester 2007. Top Shop
:08:26. > :08:30.Liverpool, 2008. John Lewis Edinburgh also 2008.
:08:30. > :08:35.Left undisturbed, asbestos is relatively safe. But once broken,
:08:35. > :08:39.it releases fibres which can cause cancer and lung problems if they're
:08:39. > :08:45.inhaled. It needs careful handling, but
:08:45. > :08:49.there's a particular issue with asbestos work in shops.
:08:49. > :08:55.There are serious commercial pressures. People want to keep the
:08:55. > :09:00.store open. If they close it, they lose customers long-term. So it can
:09:00. > :09:05.affect any retailer with asbestos on its premises. And many have
:09:05. > :09:09.fallen foul of the law as a result. But evidence we have at how M&S and
:09:09. > :09:15.some of its contractors have handled asbestos in some stores is
:09:15. > :09:18.worrying. It suggests that the risks to customers, staff and
:09:18. > :09:25.contractors may not have been fully acknowledged.
:09:25. > :09:31.Richard was a joiner and shop fitter. In the 1960s, his employer
:09:31. > :09:34.had contracts with M&S stores in the north including Middlesbrough,
:09:34. > :09:40.Newcastle and Carlisle. Tches the main client they had. When he
:09:40. > :09:44.worked on the stores, he regularly came into contact with s of fit
:09:44. > :09:49.boards which would be in the process of being cut into shape to
:09:49. > :09:55.be fitted in behind wall spaces -- soffit. Richard describes the
:09:55. > :10:00.conditions in a statement. The dust would be falling on my face. It got
:10:00. > :10:06.everywhere. Up my nose and on my overalls and skin. I was not
:10:06. > :10:10.provided with any mask. Richard was also exposed to asbestos in his
:10:10. > :10:15.employers' workshops and on a handful of small jobs. Four years
:10:15. > :10:20.after being diagnosed and more than 40 years after his first exposure
:10:20. > :10:30.to asbestos, Richard died of mesothelioma in 2010.
:10:30. > :10:30.
:10:30. > :10:35.His former employer paid over �200,000 in compensation. James
:10:35. > :10:45.worked as a contractor in M&S stores in the north-west in the
:10:45. > :10:45.
:10:45. > :10:50.1960s and early 70s. Ceilings were made of asbestos tiles. I came home
:10:50. > :10:53.once and my mother-in-law thought I looked very ill, she said I looked
:10:53. > :11:00.ashen and it was the asbestos all over my face. It was just
:11:00. > :11:03.everywhere. You couldn't escape it. James says ventilation passed
:11:03. > :11:09.through ceilings across raw asbestos tiles and into the store.
:11:09. > :11:13.The place was just full of asbestos dust, full of asbestos dust and I
:11:13. > :11:18.always thought when you stick the fans on, where's it going to go?
:11:18. > :11:24.Blows on to the sales floor. James has plural plaques. Sufferers have
:11:24. > :11:28.scarring of the lungs which indicate exposure to asbestos.
:11:28. > :11:31.Although James and Richard worked mostly in M&S stores for many years,
:11:31. > :11:34.the company says there were a number of places where they could
:11:34. > :11:39.have been exposed to the lethal dust.
:11:39. > :11:44.I think in both cases of the contractors, it's tragic that
:11:45. > :11:48.anyone has developed asbestos- related illnesses. Those
:11:48. > :11:51.contractors settled claims, not with us, but with the Government
:11:51. > :11:55.and also with the employees and therefore I think it's not right
:11:55. > :11:59.for me to say that that was based on Marks & Spencers. They worked
:12:00. > :12:07.for long times in the building industry and many builders in the
:12:07. > :12:13.60s, 70s and 80s, were exposed to asbestos. More than 4,000 people
:12:13. > :12:17.die from mesothelioma and asbestos- related cancers each year.
:12:17. > :12:27.Mesothelioma can result from low levels of exposure. The presumption
:12:27. > :12:27.
:12:27. > :12:34.is there's no safe limit. Basically, we keep exposure as low as we can.
:12:34. > :12:38.75% of M&S stores contain asbestos. Like most retailers, it's had a
:12:38. > :12:44.practice of keeping open during refurbishments. Closed stores don't
:12:44. > :12:48.make a profit. That means stringent precautions must be taken if
:12:48. > :12:51.asbestos is present. It's argued that the risks of
:12:51. > :12:57.asbestos exposure weren't known for most of the 20th century. In fact,
:12:57. > :13:06.by the 60s, before most of our case studies were exposed, the risks
:13:06. > :13:16.were spelt out. It was held at the Appeal Court
:13:16. > :13:19.
:13:19. > :13:22.that there would be more general knowledge. M&S has long emphasised
:13:22. > :13:26.how responsible it is as an employer and retailer. For us, it's
:13:26. > :13:30.about doing the right thing, building in a sustainable way.
:13:30. > :13:38.launched plan A, a scheme to become environmentally friendly,
:13:38. > :13:43.tradethically and help us all lead healthier lives. We'll make sure we
:13:43. > :13:47.make our next store even more eco- friendly. In the 80s, it set out
:13:48. > :13:55.the rules for dealing with asbestos in its green guide, a book the
:13:55. > :14:00.company says has been regularly updated. What we believe was right
:14:00. > :14:05.then we now know not to be true. We have changed guide lines in line
:14:05. > :14:11.with that. Safety measures were put in place, but how effective were
:14:11. > :14:16.they? 1997, M&S chairman Sir Richard Greenbury presents an award
:14:16. > :14:22.to Peter Jackson from the Ashton- Under-Lyne store who died from
:14:22. > :14:28.mesothelioma within ten years. That same year, 1998, Sir Richard is
:14:28. > :14:32.told of contamination at M&S, Marble Arch.
:14:32. > :14:39.A health and safety offer for contractors refurbishing Marble
:14:39. > :14:44.Arch sounds the alarm. He's horrified by what he sees. They
:14:44. > :14:48.were asbestos mine fields for want of a better expression. You could
:14:48. > :14:53.not guarantee the safety of anyone, the workers, staff, kust ders. You
:14:53. > :14:57.could never have guaranteed 100% that the people were safe --
:14:57. > :15:01.customers. He says no action was taken, so he begins gathering
:15:01. > :15:05.evidence, copying pages from the handovers or logs left by the day
:15:05. > :15:10.and night shifts or the construction manager.
:15:10. > :15:16.This report from April 1998 says the day shift has done it again -
:15:16. > :15:20.cladding has been stripped with a sledgehammer. Asbestos is
:15:20. > :15:24.everywhere. It's the third occasion in a week where they've had to
:15:24. > :15:32.clear up after a dangerous occurrence. Somebody has to control
:15:32. > :15:39.the day shift if they don't want the store closed and the HSE
:15:39. > :15:47.crawling all over you. There wass a very, very strong risk
:15:47. > :15:52.that the asbestos was seeping back into the store. Horrendous. Very
:15:52. > :15:57.high level exposure, extremely high level of risk to the workers, very
:15:57. > :16:04.high level of contamination of the whole store if it wasn't sealed.
:16:04. > :16:10.According to the handovers, it gets much worse. In May, there's broken
:16:10. > :16:15.asbestos everywhere. One contractor says he should legally report this.
:16:15. > :16:19.He put his neck on the line every time he persuades people to play
:16:19. > :16:23.this down. Closures and media attention could
:16:23. > :16:30.easily happen if one of these incidents is raised by the wrong
:16:30. > :16:34.people. He could save their bacon so many
:16:34. > :16:44.times. All those things owing to the level of contamination of the
:16:44. > :16:45.
:16:45. > :16:50.store, the shop, the staff and any products. You are potentially
:16:50. > :16:54.getting asbestos out of the contractors' environment into the
:16:54. > :17:00.general public environment. Therefore, you are putting a loot
:17:00. > :17:05.of people at risk. These are not isolated incidents. Here, a sealed
:17:05. > :17:11.asbestos area appears to have been ripped open and the quarantine
:17:11. > :17:16.broken. In June, one contractor warns there's "The strong
:17:16. > :17:25.possibility asbestos could have spread into the store during
:17:25. > :17:31.trading". Horrendous. Shocking. Scandalous. I
:17:31. > :17:34.recommended that it be handed over to the licensed asbestos removal.
:17:34. > :17:43.What happened? It didn't happen but that would have protected the
:17:43. > :17:48.workers because -- workers and the staff and customers. William
:17:48. > :17:54.messages M&S managers, he says he gets no reply so he writes to the
:17:54. > :17:58.Chairman and Chief Executive, Sir Richard Greenbury. His letter warns
:17:59. > :18:03."Serious breaches have resulted in contamination of many people" his
:18:03. > :18:08.attempts to raise the issue have been ignored. I left him in no
:18:08. > :18:12.doubt that he should be taking some form of action and go into the
:18:12. > :18:18.paper work which would let him now in no uncertain terms that there
:18:18. > :18:23.was a deep rooted problem within the organisation. Within days,
:18:23. > :18:29.William is at his London Hotel meeting senior managers who he says
:18:29. > :18:34.have been previously unavailable. explained in as much detail as
:18:34. > :18:38.possible and showed them some documents. A fol owup letter says
:18:38. > :18:42.Marks & Spencers is taking what he says seriously and the appropriate
:18:42. > :18:49.action has already been taken. Further investigations are under
:18:49. > :18:56.way and M&S wishes to discuss the detailed report being prepared.
:18:56. > :18:59.had done what I could do. We asked M&S what action had been taken over
:18:59. > :19:04.William's evidence? On the face of the allegations, they sound
:19:04. > :19:08.worrying, but the team at the time, 15 years ago, thoroughly
:19:08. > :19:11.investigated them, three months afterwards again and again I've
:19:11. > :19:15.spoken to the individuals who can find to place whatsoever to say
:19:15. > :19:18.that any member of staff or public were put at risk. There's
:19:18. > :19:23.absolutely no case to be found that there was any danger at all, any
:19:23. > :19:26.negligence at all that reflected the staff and customers. Even
:19:26. > :19:31.though he said there was asbestos everywhere to be seen in one case?
:19:31. > :19:41.We understand and investigations believe there was no asbestos
:19:41. > :19:41.
:19:41. > :19:46.everywhere. We invited Mr Wallace in, his claims were disgusting. --
:19:46. > :19:49.discussed. He went away we think happy. He was invited to take his
:19:49. > :19:54.claims to the Health and Safety Executive. He didn't. There was we
:19:54. > :19:59.assumed there was no risk to staff and customers. They say Mr Wallace
:19:59. > :20:04.was mistaken about which materials may have contained asbestos. In
:20:05. > :20:11.2006, Mr Wallace begins working as a safety manager for a contractor
:20:11. > :20:16.of M&S Reading and is horrified again by what he sees. There was
:20:16. > :20:22.very little control of various contractors who had been asked to
:20:22. > :20:28.work on or within the ceiling rooves. I did find other reports of
:20:28. > :20:32.incidents that had occurred. It was very frightening. Scary really.
:20:32. > :20:36.Following a tip-off, the Health and Safety Executive swoops on the
:20:37. > :20:42.Reading store. Marks & Spencers and two contractors are prosecuted.
:20:42. > :20:46.Among the witnesses in 2011, this building worker. He fears being
:20:46. > :20:56.blacklisted by the industry so we've disguised his identity. They
:20:56. > :20:59.
:20:59. > :21:09.wills the court about a shop worker stacking sandwich packs -- -- tells
:21:09. > :21:12.
:21:12. > :21:15.us about a shop worker stacking sandwich packs.
:21:15. > :21:22.This photograph shows an electrician doing work in the
:21:22. > :21:27.ceiling void. Directly below are workmen and food chillers. As work
:21:27. > :21:32.continues on the ceiling, our whistle-blower warns M&S the whole
:21:32. > :21:36.store is at risk of contamination if air conditioning fans are
:21:37. > :21:39.switched on. I told them at the time it would be almost definite
:21:39. > :21:43.there would be asbestos dust blown throughout the ceiling and
:21:43. > :21:49.distributed throughout the store. The electricians are told to remove
:21:49. > :21:57.the Sir cut breakers and disable the fans -- circuit breakers.
:21:58. > :22:04.found a tearful foreman who said, I do apologise, I've had to look at
:22:04. > :22:09.the fans. We were told if we didn't replace the fans we wouldn't get
:22:09. > :22:14.any more work from them. Marks & Spencers were more worried about
:22:14. > :22:18.their ice-creams melting than contaminating people with asbestos.
:22:18. > :22:24.There was a risk they had to shut down if the air conditioning wasn't
:22:24. > :22:33.on. That is absolutely ridiculous because the manager that put the
:22:33. > :22:38.fans on were criminally negligent. No other term you can apply. Hard
:22:38. > :22:46.board is taped over gaps in the asbestos ceiling. The tape gives
:22:46. > :22:51.way and a piece almost hits a mother and child in a buggy. There
:22:51. > :22:57.was asbestos fibres and dust near the mother and anybody else in the
:22:57. > :23:02.area. You could see big chunks of it. Plastic sheeting is used to
:23:02. > :23:08.seal the holes. That also falls down. These photographs show the
:23:08. > :23:13.raw edges of tiles, the ceiling tape has come off. On one occasion,
:23:13. > :23:15.the man retaping it wears a protective mask in the open store.
:23:15. > :23:20.Marks & Spencers at this point absolutely freaked out that there
:23:20. > :23:27.was a guy walking through their store wearing a full face mask. He
:23:27. > :23:31.was never allowed to do that again. But the works did not stop.
:23:32. > :23:36.fear is that everyone in the store is being put at risk. Very busy
:23:36. > :23:42.store. There was young mothers with children in prams, push chairs, you
:23:42. > :23:46.know, old people, young people, everybody in store. The usual Marks
:23:46. > :23:51.& Spencers customers. There's a definite chance of contamination.
:23:51. > :23:59.It's heart-breaking to think that there are school children and prams
:23:59. > :24:04.and push chairs wheeled about by unwitting parents in push chairs
:24:04. > :24:09.that might not see their 40th birthday. One of your staff was
:24:09. > :24:13.told to get back into an area and advised to move away by the
:24:13. > :24:16.contractors and a contractor says no, go back and carry on with your
:24:16. > :24:20.work. Is that normal standards? are leer the implementation of our
:24:20. > :24:24.policy at Reading was not correct. We'll make sure that never happens
:24:24. > :24:28.again. We checked thoroughly that the policy has been implemented and
:24:28. > :24:31.we are clear that policy today is leading standard in the industry
:24:31. > :24:36.and probably the world. Interesting then that the fans were turned on
:24:36. > :24:41.in a roof void where potentially asbestos was there that could have
:24:41. > :24:46.been spread around the rest of the store? This was regrettable. The
:24:46. > :24:50.implementation of policy was not good at Reading. Despite attempts
:24:50. > :24:55.to lay responsibility at the doors of the contractors, the jury
:24:55. > :25:02.decided Marks & Spencers was responsible. The judge said there
:25:02. > :25:05.had been a systemic failure by M&S management. Their response to
:25:05. > :25:10.asbestos safety complaints had been to turn a pliend eye to what was
:25:10. > :25:16.happening because the asbestos work was already costing the company too
:25:16. > :25:21.much -- blind eye. To keep profits as high as reasonably possible,
:25:21. > :25:28.insufficient time and space were allocated to asbestos removal.
:25:28. > :25:35.Breaches were committed over a continuous time in five months by a
:25:35. > :25:38.company made a profit close to nearly �500 million. M&S will never
:25:38. > :25:45.put profit before safety. There was never a blind eye. Investigations
:25:45. > :25:52.were full and thorough. We had a good policy which the judge
:25:52. > :25:58.described as practical. Implement aix was not good at Reading and we
:25:58. > :26:01.regret it. -- implementation. winner is Marks & Spencers.
:26:01. > :26:05.September 2011. Marks & Spencers receives the Oracle world retail
:26:05. > :26:10.award for being the most responsible retailer, the same
:26:10. > :26:16.month it's also fined �1 million and ordered to pay �600,000 in
:26:16. > :26:20.costs for the asbestos failures at its Reading store. The judge said
:26:20. > :26:25.contractors, staff and shoppers have a right to be ang shus about
:26:25. > :26:28.whether they've breathed asbestos fibres -- anxious -- and what
:26:28. > :26:33.effect that might have on their well being and future. The anxiety
:26:34. > :26:38.may lurk in people's minds for many years and with good reason. The
:26:38. > :26:43.judge even said that in the five years since those incidents
:26:43. > :26:46.occurred, he was doubtful that every reasonable step had been
:26:47. > :26:52.taken by M&S to prevent a reputation of what happened at
:26:52. > :26:56.Reading -- repetition. He also imposed fines on two of M&S's
:26:56. > :27:01.contractors. The judge said he wasn't confident that since the
:27:01. > :27:05.incidents that you have put all reasonable measures in place?
:27:05. > :27:13.were disappointed by those comments. Since 2006 we have worked closely
:27:13. > :27:21.with the BRC, the HSE and the hygiene society which have said
:27:22. > :27:26.that our practices are world standard. Why not close the stoors
:27:26. > :27:30.completely when removing asbestos? We do. We perform works when the
:27:30. > :27:34.stores are closed at night in the same way that many people in the
:27:34. > :27:40.industry do and the way they do in schools. We think that's the best
:27:41. > :27:44.practice, it's done in line with HSE guidelines. In 129-year history
:27:44. > :27:47.of Marks & Spencers there's only ever been one health and safety
:27:47. > :27:50.endorsement at Reading and we are sorry about that. We have made sure
:27:50. > :27:54.that the policy's moved on and there's absolutely no danger to
:27:54. > :27:59.staff or customers in our stores. The expert testimony at Reading
:27:59. > :28:05.would say that there was no risk to our customers or our staff. M&S was
:28:05. > :28:11.found not guilty of breaches of asbestos regulations at Bournemouth
:28:11. > :28:17.and Plymouth. The contract o Corrs -- contractors were fined.
:28:17. > :28:20.Every year, more than 4,000 people die of mesothelioma and asbestos-
:28:20. > :28:23.related cancer which can take decades to develop. The pace of the
:28:24. > :28:28.disease means many people never know when or where they were
:28:28. > :28:33.exposed to it. Marks & Spencers and the whole of the retail industry
:28:33. > :28:38.what happened ten, 20 or 30 years ago may still have an impact today.
:28:38. > :28:46.Any suggestion that contractors, shop workers or customers were put