:00:00. > :00:00.The killer you can't see or feel, air pollution is choking the North
:00:07. > :00:09.but are we prepared to adopt radical solutions to clean it up?
:00:10. > :00:19.You might as well get a taxi everywhere.
:00:20. > :00:21.You don't think that would work here?
:00:22. > :00:25.We meet the Muslim women on Tyneside who're fighting
:00:26. > :00:30.My mum was like "Boxing? You?"
:00:31. > :00:41.You better stay on track because Cumbrians have had
:00:42. > :00:44.enough of the off-roaders who are off message.
:00:45. > :00:47.We live in this beautiful area and we should not allow a small
:00:48. > :00:53.number of people to damage it just because it is fun for them.
:00:54. > :01:07.I'm Chris Jackson and this is Inside Out.
:01:08. > :01:10.There's an invisible killer contributing to hundreds
:01:11. > :01:13.of early deaths each year here in the region, and it's one
:01:14. > :01:20.So I've been asking is there anything we can do to breathe easy
:01:21. > :01:33.A normal day in York, thousands of motorists
:01:34. > :01:51.queuing their way in and out of the city.
:01:52. > :01:53.Some come here to work and thousands more are here
:01:54. > :01:59.And all that influx of visitors comes at a cost.
:02:00. > :02:03.The latest figures suggest that air pollution is contributing
:02:04. > :02:07.People aren't dropping down dead in the street.
:02:08. > :02:09.But, according to health experts, the long term impact,
:02:10. > :02:12.particularly on those already in poor health,
:02:13. > :02:19.We know that an estimated 30,000, maybe 40,000 people
:02:20. > :02:26.Of that proportion in York, we're looking at somewhere between 60 odd
:02:27. > :02:34.So, an average of 100 people dying in York
:02:35. > :02:40.I didn't think York was so badly affected by air pollution.
:02:41. > :02:43.It has got a bit of a problem, to be fair.
:02:44. > :02:45.Amazed, I thought this was in the countryside.
:02:46. > :02:51.But for asthmatics like Ruth Smith, who lives in nearby Leeds,
:02:52. > :02:55.poor air quality has an immediate impact on her health.
:02:56. > :02:57.I'm conscious of the fact that I'm walking in between exhausts
:02:58. > :03:01.and things like that, and you can feel it on your chest.
:03:02. > :03:04.You get that instant tightness and it's not nice.
:03:05. > :03:06.I'm constantly covering up my face being conscious
:03:07. > :03:12.That isn't necessarily as clean as what I'd like it to be
:03:13. > :03:16.Do you actually see pollution is a problem?
:03:17. > :03:21.I can't tell you which patients are rented hospital because they've had
:03:22. > :03:24.problems with air pollution but there will be some significant
:03:25. > :03:29.When you're exposed to exhaust fumes, particularly the fine
:03:30. > :03:33.particles, that has an acute risk to you if you have a background
:03:34. > :03:36.of heart problems, lung problems, it significantly increases your risk
:03:37. > :03:39.of having something like a heart attack or a stroke.
:03:40. > :03:41.So in your view should we try and reduce air pollution?
:03:42. > :03:44.Well, absolutely we should, both to aid those people's normal
:03:45. > :03:47.health and development when they are young.
:03:48. > :03:49.This problem also affects the elderly.
:03:50. > :03:51.They're clearly more vulnerable in all the
:03:52. > :03:55.But also for the rest of us, the risk of that
:03:56. > :03:59.Today, academics are testing air quality, here in the pedestrian zone
:04:00. > :04:01.it's generally good, but when they take their equipment
:04:02. > :04:06.to this idling van, the results are alarming.
:04:07. > :04:13.I don't really want to be standing in this.
:04:14. > :04:16.We are up at 3,000 particulate matter.
:04:17. > :04:19.That's way above the safe level for exposure to diesel particulates
:04:20. > :04:23.of 20 to 30 micro grams per cubic metre.
:04:24. > :04:26.But can we do more to avoid city centre pollution?
:04:27. > :04:30.You can do small things like walk on the other side of the road
:04:31. > :04:33.if you are walking past a queue of traffic, just by crossing over
:04:34. > :04:35.the road you are exposing yourself to less particulates and less
:04:36. > :04:40.You can also walk down less busy streets.
:04:41. > :04:43.York sees tackling air pollution as a high priority.
:04:44. > :04:46.It has park and ride schemes, a fleet of electric buses,
:04:47. > :04:50.and extensive pedestrianisation, but the air here still
:04:51. > :04:56.Air pollution is a serious problem because we are currently breaching
:04:57. > :04:59.the air quality objectives and we have three air
:05:00. > :05:01.quality management areas where we have a legal duty
:05:02. > :05:07.So, York is doing more than most to cut tackle vehicle emissions,
:05:08. > :05:23.Freiburg, in southern Germany, is one of the most environmentally
:05:24. > :05:30.The trams run like clockwork, and only half of the city's
:05:31. > :05:37.About the same size as York, with a population around 200,000,
:05:38. > :05:40.the city here has introduced some strict policies to get
:05:41. > :05:46.It's also improved the air quality for its citizens.
:05:47. > :05:49.Christophe Lang sold his car ten years ago, I joined him on his daily
:05:50. > :06:05.So, it was an old car and when it broke we give it away.
:06:06. > :06:18.So, when it's raining and it's windy, there's snow,
:06:19. > :06:31.If it's a long way, then I use public transport.
:06:32. > :06:34.The Langs live in the Vauban suburb, nothing particularly out
:06:35. > :06:37.of the ordinary, you may think, but look and listen a little
:06:38. > :06:47.This is the greenest part of the green city.
:06:48. > :06:50.It's a former army barracks that's been transformed into a new suburb,
:06:51. > :06:54.and they've planned it in such a way that residents can just easily
:06:55. > :06:59.With speed limits set to walking pace,
:07:00. > :07:02.they've also introduced a novel, if not pricey, way of
:07:03. > :07:08.If you want to own a house, that's fine.
:07:09. > :07:11.But if you also want to own a car you have to buy
:07:12. > :07:16.a parking space and that will cost, wait for it, 20,000 euros.
:07:17. > :07:21.Do many people have a car then in this part of town?
:07:22. > :07:23.Not so many, no, because, and that was the idea
:07:24. > :07:25.from the very beginning, that this is an excellent
:07:26. > :07:30.opportunity for people to explore life without a car.
:07:31. > :07:33.Do we know what proportion of people in Vauban own a car then?
:07:34. > :07:39.Yeah, it's much fewer people owning a car than average
:07:40. > :07:43.in the rest of Freiburg, it's about half the number.
:07:44. > :07:52.The ratio of cars per 1,000 inhabitants is 165.
:07:53. > :07:54.None of this would have been possible without political
:07:55. > :07:58.pressure and huge investment from the local council.
:07:59. > :08:01.Do you have any evidence that by taking some of the cars out
:08:02. > :08:05.the city, that pollution, air quality is improved in the city?
:08:06. > :08:11.We have good results in the last ten years.
:08:12. > :08:17.In Freiburg we reduced the emissions by, I guess, by 20%.
:08:18. > :08:21.So what lessons do you think we could learn from you?
:08:22. > :08:28.One is you have to have pressure to change something.
:08:29. > :08:30.If you don't feel pressure to change, you will
:08:31. > :08:45.Secondly, you have to have alternatives.
:08:46. > :08:52.Now you might expect self-proclaimed petrol head Bernd Obrecht to be
:08:53. > :09:18.I normally take the tramway, or I take my bicycle.
:09:19. > :09:21.So, do you agree with the policy of trying to dissuade people
:09:22. > :09:26.Yes, it's the right way but I think they should take it a bit harder.
:09:27. > :09:43.Every year, 40,000 people are dying of pollution and that is too much,
:09:44. > :09:53.so my heart is for cars and my brain says we have to change it.
:09:54. > :09:55.So it seems there is a real determination to improve
:09:56. > :10:05.to pay through the nose for privilege of keeping our cars?
:10:06. > :10:07.If you want to own a house, that's fine.
:10:08. > :10:11.But if you also want to own a car, you'll have to buy a parking space.
:10:12. > :10:20.Well, I don't think the culture here is ready for that, to be honest.
:10:21. > :10:32.You might as well get a taxi everywhere.
:10:33. > :10:41.So still a long way to go before we follow the Germans' lead,
:10:42. > :10:44.but with growing pressure to tackle air pollution in our
:10:45. > :10:49.towns and cities, doing nothing is not an option.
:10:50. > :10:53.Would you be willing to fork out 17 grand for a parking space,
:10:54. > :10:57.Let me know on Twitter or you can always email me,
:10:58. > :11:01.the details you need are on screen now.
:11:02. > :11:09.Ploughing their own furrow, the illegal
:11:10. > :11:12.off-roaders who are raising hackles in the Lake District.
:11:13. > :11:15.We like to surprise you and this may just do that.
:11:16. > :11:19.It's about a group on Tyneside who are seriously into boxing
:11:20. > :11:22.and there's not a sweaty gym or a muscle-bound male
:11:23. > :11:37.Anna Foster has been along to see who's up for a fight.
:11:38. > :11:44.A cold Sunday morning in the West End of Newcastle.
:11:45. > :11:50.Hidden away in a room with covered windows.
:11:51. > :11:52.Most people will probably still be tucked up in bed
:11:53. > :11:55.after their Saturday night out or maybe still in their pyjamas,
:11:56. > :12:02.And we're really lucky on Inside Out to have been granted access
:12:03. > :12:09.to an exercise class with a real difference.
:12:10. > :12:14.Around 15 women, all from different Islamic backgrounds,
:12:15. > :12:18.come every week to throw a punch or two.
:12:19. > :12:20.This is a place away from prying eyes...
:12:21. > :12:26.And it's a far cry from their everyday lives.
:12:27. > :12:30.You have to have a little bit of mystery.
:12:31. > :12:35.Pharmacist Hira loves surprising people.
:12:36. > :12:48.That is one of the reasons I got into boxing, to learn self-defence.
:12:49. > :12:52.It's improved my fitness, it's given me strength.
:12:53. > :13:01.I don't know when the time is when I might actually need to use it.
:13:02. > :13:04.It's just not something I thought I would do.
:13:05. > :13:14.She has two children and works full-time from home.
:13:15. > :13:20.You need to have that self-confidence.
:13:21. > :13:23.You're so caught up in working around your children,
:13:24. > :13:29.your husband, your families, socialising, making samosas...
:13:30. > :13:35.You need to give yourself some time out.
:13:36. > :13:41.Artist Samar wants to change the image of Islamic women It's
:13:42. > :13:44.important that people look at others as human beings instead of just
:13:45. > :13:50.She takes her 13-year-old daughter Soumaya to the class
:13:51. > :13:53.Something like boxing, people think that Muslim women
:13:54. > :13:58.Some of us like make-up, some of us like boxing,
:13:59. > :14:03.Samar takes her veil and dress off to box,
:14:04. > :14:08.For these women, this is their safe space.
:14:09. > :14:13.In fact, this is the first time they've let cameras into the class.
:14:14. > :14:16.It's a nice environment, have a good laugh, do some exercise
:14:17. > :14:23.I really love everyone there, so nice to work with different
:14:24. > :14:32.A university charity funds the classes, providing the coaches,
:14:33. > :14:39.The aim of the Northumbria Sport Foundation is to use sport as a tool
:14:40. > :14:43.to improve the lives and the welfare of women, children,
:14:44. > :14:50.It makes it all worthwhile when you come down and see
:14:51. > :14:53.the smiles on their faces, it's exactly what we
:14:54. > :14:56.I absolutely love coming here and I love seeing
:14:57. > :14:58.the difference I've made to these women.
:14:59. > :15:01.When they first started they were so shy, they lacked confidence.
:15:02. > :15:05.Women are just women, we're all the same.
:15:06. > :15:08.We're all having a laugh, we're all having a good time.
:15:09. > :15:13.Pharmacist Hira has a final round with her sister Aysha.
:15:14. > :15:16.It's the end of the class, I've let you sit down,
:15:17. > :15:20.I'm just shattered, sweaty, shattered, need a shower,
:15:21. > :15:26.my headscarf's all over the place, I just want to go home.
:15:27. > :15:28.I actually feel relieved, with the nature of my job,
:15:29. > :15:39.I feel better, more calm and I'm ready for next week.
:15:40. > :15:43.It all started on Teesside back in 2014, thanks to EMTEP,
:15:44. > :15:48.the Ethnic Minorities Training and Education Project.
:15:49. > :15:50.Knock Out Sister was actually a pilot project.
:15:51. > :15:53.Very, very successful and then basically the funding stopped
:15:54. > :15:58.and we weren't able to progress it any further.
:15:59. > :16:05.We ended up winning the national silver award in 2015.
:16:06. > :16:08.And then all of a sudden you just walk into a brick wall.
:16:09. > :16:11.We're hoping with the activity that's running over in Newcastle
:16:12. > :16:14.people want to invest into it and at the same time that it catches
:16:15. > :16:23.Ayesha and Anaysa have been boxing since 2011.
:16:24. > :16:26.They acted as mentors for Knock Out Sister,
:16:27. > :16:32.and they certainly weren't punching above their weight.
:16:33. > :16:34.The girls are very talented, they've worked tirelessly
:16:35. > :16:40.on their technique and as you can see they're very fit.
:16:41. > :16:42.Are there any more challenges when you're coaching Muslim women
:16:43. > :16:50.There's a lot of things you've got to be careful of.
:16:51. > :16:55.Obviously, some women don't want a male teaching and that's why
:16:56. > :17:05.When I first started college a group of boys they'd say
:17:06. > :17:09.horrible stuff to me, go back to your own country etc.
:17:10. > :17:12.They'd throw stones at me and then one of the boys
:17:13. > :17:19.I kind of felt that was the weakest point and I wanted to do
:17:20. > :17:26.What difference do you think boxing has made to you as a person?
:17:27. > :17:28.I gained more body confidence, self-esteem,
:17:29. > :17:34.I feel as though I began challenging myself in a healthy way rather
:17:35. > :17:37.than in a negative way, because I think as a woman you can
:17:38. > :17:49.So while the hunt goes on for funding on Teesside,
:17:50. > :17:54.will Knock Out Sister in Newcastle carry on?
:17:55. > :17:56.We've got fundraisers planned and we're working with Tyne
:17:57. > :18:00.and Wear Sport and Street Games to secure a bit more funding.
:18:01. > :18:02.For years and years to come we're hoping to carry
:18:03. > :18:15.I am a confident person, but then when you've got that
:18:16. > :18:20.skill you feel a bit more confident than normal.
:18:21. > :18:26.We're definitely going to keep going to the classes...
:18:27. > :18:29.By going you get the motivation, you get the fitness,
:18:30. > :18:36.Definitely I will continue going to the classes and I...
:18:37. > :18:39.Hopefully, I would be one of the more experienced girls,
:18:40. > :18:47.I want to be up to a certain level where I really feel confident
:18:48. > :18:50.in defending myself if I need to or helping somebody else
:18:51. > :18:52.if I need to I think is it needed, especially
:18:53. > :19:03.Just being able to release negative feelings, anger, disappointment.
:19:04. > :19:18.And the gloves are off in Cumbria, too.
:19:19. > :19:20.While lots of people go to the Lake District to enjoy
:19:21. > :19:23.the beauty and splendour of the great outdoors,
:19:24. > :19:26.the police and residents have had enough of one group who seem
:19:27. > :19:30.to enjoy tearing the place up and who even threaten the locals.
:19:31. > :19:46.Jacey Normand has been on the trail of the illegal off-roaders.
:19:47. > :19:50.The Lake District, visited by 17 million people a year,
:19:51. > :20:27.Thanks for turning up, so many organisations,
:20:28. > :20:31.agencies and local people represented here, that's great.
:20:32. > :20:35.This isn't your average get-together at the Village Hall.
:20:36. > :20:39.We're here to address the issue of illegal off-roading in the area.
:20:40. > :20:43.But everyone here, police and pensioners, have the same goal -
:20:44. > :20:46.to try and catch the people who they say are wrecking
:20:47. > :20:50.Registration numbers, descriptions of people in terms
:20:51. > :20:54.of what they are wearing that will help us identify them if we need
:20:55. > :21:00.One of the aim's of the National Park is it's for the enjoyment
:21:01. > :21:05.of everyone, whether you're on foot, on a motor bike, or you're in a 4x4.
:21:06. > :21:09.The problem is not everyone is sticking to the green lanes.
:21:10. > :21:17.They're the legal routes motorbikes and off-road vehicles can use.
:21:18. > :21:21.Diana, who's acting as a spotter on today's operation, showed me
:21:22. > :21:27.In fact, the path should not be here and these gouges
:21:28. > :21:32.they fill with water, they push soil and the rocks down,
:21:33. > :21:35.destroy all the vegetation and it never grows again, and wherever
:21:36. > :21:38.there is a stream, the motorbikes go through the stream,
:21:39. > :21:42.back and forth widening the mud zone, and making a tremendous mess
:21:43. > :21:47.so ordinary walkers cannot walk freely.
:21:48. > :21:52.It must be heart-breaking seeing the damage to the landscape?
:21:53. > :21:54.Yes, it is, because the Lake District is for
:21:55. > :22:00.the people who come here should treat it as we do as residents
:22:01. > :22:03.which is with the respect it deserves as we want it to be
:22:04. > :22:10.With everyone in position, it's now a matter of watching and waiting.
:22:11. > :22:13.But there's a sinister, more worrying side for locals here.
:22:14. > :22:18.A number of people were too scared to be interviewed by me today
:22:19. > :22:22.for fear of reprisals, and I've heard a story of one person
:22:23. > :22:26.who was beaten up when he challenged some off-roaders.
:22:27. > :22:30.Prosecutions for off-roading last year, there were about 16,
:22:31. > :22:35.most of those were fixed penalty tickets, some got cautions.
:22:36. > :22:37.If they get caught using their vehicles in similar
:22:38. > :22:40.round here but anywhere else in the country, they then run
:22:41. > :22:44.the risk of having that seized and potentially crushed.
:22:45. > :22:46.So why are you not prosecuting more people?
:22:47. > :22:49.Prosecution is often difficult, which is why we are doing this
:22:50. > :22:52.operation where we can have the eyes and ears of the local
:22:53. > :22:53.community to help us gather sufficient evidence
:22:54. > :23:06.Just getting the evidence they were actually off-road.
:23:07. > :23:09.It's a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
:23:10. > :23:13.It's been described as one of the best examples in the country
:23:14. > :23:20.It might look like a remote wilderness, but your every movement
:23:21. > :23:29.This damage here is being done by only just over
:23:30. > :23:36.Like other residents, Eddie photographs the illegal bikers
:23:37. > :23:40.And he's another trick up his sleeve.
:23:41. > :23:43.So, how do you know how many people have been
:23:44. > :23:47.Well, we put automatic vehicle recorders out and they tell us
:23:48. > :23:50.exactly what has been happening, what type of vehicle, what time,
:23:51. > :23:56.how many there were even the spacing between the vehicles.
:23:57. > :24:01.I can't tell you very much about what they look like,
:24:02. > :24:03.as we really want to keep on gathering this information
:24:04. > :24:06.throughout the wider area and some people would perhaps
:24:07. > :24:15.The motor vehicles wheels rip out the roots of the vegetation a few
:24:16. > :24:19.weeks later another group comes through the process continues
:24:20. > :24:27.and gets worse so it never gets a chance to recover.
:24:28. > :24:29.There used to be a prohibition sign saying no motor
:24:30. > :24:44.vehicles but as you can see it's been vandalised.
:24:45. > :24:47.Now everyone here is on their guard waiting to pounce if they find
:24:48. > :24:50.any vehicles driving or riding illegally.
:24:51. > :24:53.But I've been out with a group of people who are on the
:24:54. > :25:05.It's a little bit of an adventure, and life is about adventure.
:25:06. > :25:08.It's just a good day out every day is different, it's magic.
:25:09. > :25:11.We're having a look at the maps now, mainly to ensure we are going
:25:12. > :25:17.Hopefully, it will be great, they say One Life, Live It on every
:25:18. > :25:29.With an introduction like that, it was time to try it for myself.
:25:30. > :25:32.It's the views and getting out to see them is the biggest thing
:25:33. > :25:36.We can get a lot further than a walker can and we can cover
:25:37. > :25:38.more distance and see more things in one day.
:25:39. > :25:41.And how do you ensure you are respecting the countryside
:25:42. > :25:44.as you go along because there is going to be some
:25:45. > :25:47.Basically by doing small groups of four and keeping speeds down
:25:48. > :25:52.if we come across any obstructions, we clear it and help out.
:25:53. > :25:54.How do you feel about the people who do it
:25:55. > :25:59.and do not adhere to those strict rules and regulations?
:26:00. > :26:01.It really annoys me, it obviously upsets you,
:26:02. > :26:03.you get tarred with that brush it's so irresponsible and spoils
:26:04. > :26:08.And Steve, who's ridden the green-lanes for many years,
:26:09. > :26:11.and mapped all the legal routes in the lakes, shares
:26:12. > :26:14.We spend a lot of our time and energy ensuring that
:26:15. > :26:18.where we go is entirely legal so on the occasions
:26:19. > :26:22.when people just ignore that and go where they please,
:26:23. > :26:34.And this isn't just a problem confined to the Lake District.
:26:35. > :26:40.Really annoys me to be honest, it's upsetting when you come up
:26:41. > :26:43.and see your Land Rover to bits with people who have just
:26:44. > :26:47.gone off-road and done whatever they want to do.
:26:48. > :26:49.Illegal off-roading is costing Chris who farms
:26:50. > :26:56.There's a lot more damage further over on the fell where they have
:26:57. > :26:59.been bogged they have tractors to pull them out and the tractors
:27:00. > :27:03.have nearly just about been stuck as well so they've made quite a mess
:27:04. > :27:08.The gate here keeps getting left open the wind has blown it shut
:27:09. > :27:13.and broken it but we have to come up here and make sure the gate is shut
:27:14. > :27:15.because the off-roaders go where they want and leave the gates
:27:16. > :27:18.open so it us that gets it in the neck when the sheep
:27:19. > :27:24.Today our group hasn't struck lucky and caught anyone.
:27:25. > :27:27.But they hope by putting on a high profile operation like this
:27:28. > :27:35.4x4 drivers and motorbikers who abuse this beautiful
:27:36. > :27:45.I want to make people well aware that will be a good few more
:27:46. > :27:47.of these operations throughout the summer, we are determined
:27:48. > :27:52.to stop the damage which is being caused to our countryside.
:27:53. > :27:54.Come and do the green-lanes the legal routes the byways
:27:55. > :27:57.but don't go off-piste, stay to the legal paths, and routes.
:27:58. > :28:04.And we should not allow a small number of people to damage it
:28:05. > :28:16.by driving motor vehicles around just because it is fun for them.
:28:17. > :28:18.I know there's a huge debate in the off-roading community
:28:19. > :28:23.about what is acceptable for their activity.
:28:24. > :28:26.If you want to comment on any of the stories we do
:28:27. > :28:34.on Twitter, use #insideoutcj or email me, chrisjackson@bbc.co.uk.
:28:35. > :28:36.Now, football means we're not here next Monday,
:28:37. > :28:44.When we follow the Tyneside doctors who're going out on a limb
:28:45. > :28:55.to help patients in one of the world's poorest countries.
:28:56. > :29:06.See you soon. Until then, from York, good night.
:29:07. > :29:09.I'm Riz Lateef with your 90 second update.
:29:10. > :29:11.Questions over Vauxhall's future in Britain after it was sold
:29:12. > :29:14.Vauxhall employs 4,500 people but its new owners
:29:15. > :29:18.This is a new campaign to get the public to report
:29:19. > :29:22.Police say they've stopped 13 possible attacks in four years.
:29:23. > :29:26.There are 500 investigations going on at any time.
:29:27. > :29:29.President Trump has signed a new version of his travel ban.
:29:30. > :29:31.It affects several mainly Muslim countries.
:29:32. > :29:33.The previous one ran into legal problems and claims
:29:34. > :29:38.A zoo in Cumbria has been ordered to close because nearly
:29:39. > :29:43.A keeper was also mauled to death by a tiger
:29:44. > :29:52.Three British scientists have won a ?1 million prize for discovering