:00:07. > :00:12.Hello. This week, I am in Blackpool where the search for a new source
:00:12. > :00:18.of energy has been blamed for a series of earthquakes. On the
:00:18. > :00:24.programme: coming to a community near you. Just how does fracking
:00:24. > :00:32.for natural gas change lives? has been fantastic. I hope it lasts
:00:32. > :00:38.forever. Art or vandalism? We investigate the true cost of
:00:38. > :00:45.graffiti in the north-west. They are using a valuable resource from
:00:45. > :00:49.the council. That money could be spent elsewhere on vital services.
:00:49. > :00:56.And fact or fiction? Paul McGann asks of whether Hitler really did
:00:56. > :01:06.come to Liverpool. Why would he want to come? He was fleeing the
:01:06. > :01:15.
:01:15. > :01:19.It is a controversial process that has led to concerns over safety and
:01:19. > :01:24.damage to the environment here on the Lancashire coast. Fracking, a
:01:24. > :01:28.method of extracting gas from shale rock deep underground, could
:01:28. > :01:32.transform this area it plans to drill for hundreds of Wells corps
:01:33. > :01:36.ahead. The industry say it is safe and well creates jobs and money.
:01:36. > :01:46.Peter Marshall has been to Pennsylvania to find out what we
:01:46. > :01:56.can all expect from a fracking inspired gas brush.
:01:56. > :01:57.
:01:57. > :02:07.-- rush. I have gas in my water. What has fracking done to this
:02:07. > :02:10.
:02:10. > :02:17.area? It is reaping it. -- raping it. I have never thought about
:02:17. > :02:22.moving anywhere else until resume a. Anyone that is in business welcomes
:02:22. > :02:30.it because it has been nothing but a boom. It has taken Bradford
:02:30. > :02:35.County into a whole new time in its history. There is no going back.
:02:35. > :02:44.Welcome to Pennsylvania of. A place that has seen more fracking for gas
:02:44. > :02:51.than any other place on the planet. coast might fare under a gas Rush,
:02:51. > :02:56.there is no better place to search for answers. This bowl holds
:02:56. > :03:00.massive amounts of natural gas. It is being freed by horizontal
:03:00. > :03:09.drilling and fracking. Millions of gallons of water, along with sand
:03:09. > :03:14.and chemicals, injected at high pressure to force gas out. This is
:03:14. > :03:19.the seat of the county. They have healed with this for nearly four
:03:19. > :03:27.years. Has it been good for you? has bought me a new car. I am doing
:03:27. > :03:30.good! This is not the little towns -- the little town made used to be.
:03:31. > :03:35.Rents have doubled and trebled. That is good if you are a landlord,
:03:35. > :03:39.but bad if you were trying to find a place to lay up. For me, it is
:03:39. > :03:44.bad because it ruins the environment. We have had a water
:03:44. > :03:49.tested four times. It is fine. I have no problem with fracking.
:03:49. > :03:53.Lancashire, they forecast at between 208 hundred wells could be
:03:53. > :04:03.drilled in the future. In Bradford County, they have already drilled
:04:03. > :04:06.
:04:06. > :04:11.600. This woman became ill from barium poisoning from drinking
:04:11. > :04:15.water soon after a well was drilled close to home. An investigation
:04:15. > :04:19.decided drilling was not to blame and the contamination was pre-
:04:19. > :04:24.existing. But she believes it is too much of a coincidence.
:04:24. > :04:29.Literally, the rig went up behind my house and within a fortnight my
:04:29. > :04:35.hair started falling out. If I was an elderly woman and didn't get my
:04:35. > :04:39.water tested, doctors have said I would have been dead on the floor.
:04:39. > :04:43.Pre-existing pollution by naturally occurring elements is a common
:04:43. > :04:50.defence by gas companies. And one that is rejected by opponents of
:04:50. > :04:56.the industry. This man's party piece is setting fire to his water.
:04:56. > :05:02.He says it became contaminated with me fame after he least his land for
:05:02. > :05:10.drilling. He insists it was fined four decades previously. Five
:05:10. > :05:20.months after the drilling started, we notice bobbles and the water. We
:05:20. > :05:20.
:05:20. > :05:25.noticed the pipes rattling. You can see the water bubbling now. It is
:05:25. > :05:32.frightening. It was at the beginning. Now I have got used to
:05:32. > :05:40.it. This is just a hose pipe feeding water into this dark and
:05:40. > :05:44.the methane in there is gathering and venting out. There you go. The
:05:44. > :05:51.company involved has installed ventilation pipes. For now, the
:05:51. > :05:56.supply his drinking water. They deny any responsibility, saying the
:05:56. > :06:05.area has a history of naturally occurring the theme. All the time I
:06:05. > :06:10.was here, it didn't naturally a car. One academic study has now shown
:06:10. > :06:14.methane concentration in drinking water increases near drilling site.
:06:14. > :06:20.Companies say that opponents are a vocal minority. For many, it has
:06:20. > :06:27.created fortune has. It has been fantastic. I hope it lasts forever,
:06:28. > :06:34.to be honest with you. These hotels are booming. This hotel was built
:06:34. > :06:38.pure and simple on the back of gas industry? It was. Simply because we
:06:38. > :06:43.saw the industry's you would continue. We would not have built
:06:43. > :06:49.this industry -- hotel if it had not been for this industry. It has
:06:49. > :06:54.been blocked out solid for two years by one company. It is like
:06:54. > :06:59.Christmas every day. We have been extremely fortunate. Bradford
:06:59. > :07:04.County also has the lowest unemployment rate in the state. The
:07:04. > :07:14.growth in gas rendering it to some extent recession per if. These are
:07:14. > :07:22.high pressure -- highly paid labour jobs. You could see a high-school
:07:22. > :07:28.graduate leave school without an education and they could see a
:07:28. > :07:33.salary of $70,000 a year. That is very substantial. Hit main street
:07:33. > :07:41.and you will see how the gas industry has inspired business.
:07:41. > :07:51.These are miniatures of the actual drill bits the use for drilling.
:07:51. > :07:57.
:07:57. > :08:01.This is to prevent plant. Do they sell well? Yes. -- preven blow-outs.
:08:01. > :08:08.We sell a lot of this jewellery for local people who are getting
:08:08. > :08:13.royalties. Are they happy to have the industry here? Berry. Anyone
:08:13. > :08:20.who is in business welcomes this. It is nothing but a boom for the
:08:20. > :08:25.economy. -- they are very happy. Gas industry traffic has
:08:25. > :08:31.industrialised the place. Everyday life is happy -- everyday life is
:08:31. > :08:37.different. There is talk of potential accidents. Special
:08:37. > :08:41.response teams have been on the scene are round-the-clock. This
:08:41. > :08:47.reporter saw first-hand the leak of thousands of gallons of fracking
:08:47. > :08:51.fluid from a site in a local township. It did so much to bring
:08:51. > :08:59.Glyn White to what could go wrong. It was spilling so quickly that
:08:59. > :09:05.they could not stop it. It made its way quickly into the -- into a
:09:05. > :09:09.nearby tributary which feeds a river. A report said that accident
:09:09. > :09:13.had no lasting environmental impact. The gas companies say there will
:09:13. > :09:18.always be accidents, just like there are on the roads. But no one
:09:18. > :09:21.talks about banning driving. There is spin on both sides of the
:09:21. > :09:28.argument. It is either an environmental catastrophe or an
:09:28. > :09:38.answer to future energy needs. In Lancashire, the firm behind test
:09:38. > :09:38.
:09:38. > :09:42.drilling his Cuadrilla. People are concerned about contamination of
:09:42. > :09:48.drinking water. There have not been any cases in Pennsylvania of that
:09:48. > :09:53.happening. Fracking changes lives. If it does indeed become commercial
:09:53. > :09:57.on the Fylde coast, daily life will be different, for better and for
:09:57. > :10:05.worse. Whatever is under this ground and they are producing, I
:10:05. > :10:09.hope there is a lot there. It has just been wonderful. I hate it here.
:10:09. > :10:16.Yet you have lived here all your life? I never thought about moving
:10:16. > :10:26.anywhere else. Until recently. Honestly, I don't want to bring my
:10:26. > :10:32.son up in this area. Coming up, the stories surrounding
:10:32. > :10:38.Hitler and Liverpool. Adolf Hitler lived on Upper Stanmore Street, 50
:10:38. > :10:43.yards that way. There is a German church 50 yards that way. This part
:10:43. > :10:50.that is right in between the middle. Don't tell me that he never called
:10:50. > :10:56.in for a half-pint on his way home from church!
:10:56. > :10:59.Graffiti is a problem in the north- west. We all know that we're facing
:10:59. > :11:02.cuts to our local services - library closures and fortnightly
:11:02. > :11:05.bin collections have got us hot under the collar. Here on Inside
:11:05. > :11:11.Out we've been adding up the cost of graffiti removal, and as Jemma
:11:11. > :11:16.Gofton found out, the results are Graffiti, street art, vandalism,
:11:16. > :11:24.criminal damage. Call it what you like, one thing's for certain -
:11:24. > :11:27.there's a lot of it about. In Northern Ireland, the murals
:11:27. > :11:31.reflecting the sectarian troubles are now a tourist industry, and
:11:31. > :11:33.here there's great excitement over Banksy's forays into the North West.
:11:33. > :11:38.But one man's street art is another's mindless vandalism, and
:11:38. > :11:44.sites like this are all too common across our region. And it's costing
:11:44. > :11:51.us a fortune. Our research at Inside Out North West puts the bill
:11:51. > :11:54.at cleaning up graffiti at a staggering �2 million. Here in
:11:54. > :12:01.Rochdale, the council has a zero tolerance approach to graffiti - as
:12:01. > :12:08.soon as it's reported, it's removed within 24 hours. I've not seen
:12:08. > :12:11.anything that resembles artwork. It tends to be tags, it tends to be
:12:11. > :12:17.names, racist or offensive and nothing that in my opinion is
:12:17. > :12:20.anything that would constitute art. What would you say to these people?
:12:20. > :12:23.They're using a valuable resource from the council in view of the
:12:23. > :12:31.recent efficiencies, and that money could be spent elsewhere on other
:12:31. > :12:36.vital services. Does graffiti breed graffiti? Without question. Where
:12:36. > :12:39.there is no graffiti, you are far less likely to see any. Then there
:12:39. > :12:43.are areas we go to where there's been graffiti for years and it's
:12:43. > :12:47.added to on a regular basis. there a piece of graffiti where you
:12:47. > :12:50.think "I'm loath to remove it, it's a nice piece of art"? Occasionally
:12:50. > :12:53.you might come across something where you think it's art, but at
:12:53. > :13:03.the end of the day, our instruction from the council is it's their
:13:03. > :13:07.
:13:07. > :13:10.Graffiti is nothing new, and here at Lancaster Castle they've
:13:10. > :13:18.discovered some scratchings in stone that date back more than 200
:13:18. > :13:27.years. Down in the old cells, you can see the names of former
:13:27. > :13:34.prisoners like highwayman William Garner. Is this early graffiti?
:13:34. > :13:37.80 is definitely early graffiti. I suspect that graffiti began as
:13:37. > :13:40.scratchings. Some person in the dim mists of time discovered that if
:13:40. > :13:50.you scratch one rock with another you get graffiti, and the term
:13:50. > :13:53.
:13:53. > :13:56.graffiti is derived from the Latin Modern graffiti, influenced by
:13:56. > :14:00.American hip hop, hit the UK in the mid '80s and shows no sign of
:14:00. > :14:03.losing its appeal. Graffiti artists Crec and Onek, who
:14:03. > :14:13.wants to hide his identity, have both been to prison for spray-
:14:13. > :14:16.
:14:16. > :14:20.painting trains in the past. This is one of the first names I saw
:14:20. > :14:27.repeated on the railway lines, this was the first tag I ever saw and I
:14:27. > :14:34.understood. What are you expressing that you couldn't express on
:14:34. > :14:38.canvas? It doesn't suit the canvas like it suits her trainer or a wall.
:14:38. > :14:44.The whole nature of that some culture, if you get into the game
:14:44. > :14:49.if painting illegal graffiti, you come -- become part of a society.
:14:49. > :14:54.It is a very exclusive world. If you make a name for yourself in
:14:54. > :15:04.that, you become sort of addicted to keeping up appearances, hearing
:15:04. > :15:16.
:15:16. > :15:22.reports back. The north-west is spending �2
:15:22. > :15:27.million the year on cleaning up graffiti. It can't cost as much as
:15:27. > :15:32.they say. The train companies say it costs �4,000 to clean up the
:15:32. > :15:34.train, but it takes two minutes. Wenders graffiti stop being
:15:34. > :15:44.criminal damage and start becoming art?
:15:44. > :15:51.
:15:51. > :15:54.I guess when it is on a gallery wall were the �2,000 price tag.
:15:54. > :15:57.Abstract artist Danny Cawley has sold hundreds of canvasses, and
:15:57. > :15:59.counts musicians and footballers among his clients. He incorporates
:15:59. > :16:03.techniques he learnt as a graffiti artist into his work. When we did
:16:03. > :16:13.graffiti pieces it was spray paint. When we were tagging it was perm
:16:13. > :16:14.
:16:14. > :16:18.pens. I get a much better buzz from this, because I don't have to look
:16:18. > :16:28.over my shoulder. There is more money in this. There was no money
:16:28. > :16:34.
:16:34. > :16:36.in graffiti apart from fines, which was going the other way.
:16:36. > :16:39.As graffiti is arguably more popular than ever and the councils
:16:39. > :16:43.are spending a fortune removing it, what's being done to catch those
:16:43. > :16:46.responsible? Well, here in Poynton the police came up with a novel bit
:16:46. > :16:50.of detective work. We spoke to the local schools to ask who was
:16:50. > :16:54.putting graffiti tax on textbooks. They gave us a couple of names of
:16:54. > :17:00.people who are putting graffiti on their textbooks. That is a great
:17:00. > :17:03.piece of evidence. We have their tag, and it is also next to their
:17:03. > :17:09.name on the textbook. See you can completely prove that that person
:17:09. > :17:14.has done that tag. What were the repercussions? We went through a
:17:14. > :17:19.process known as restorative justice. They were asked for �150
:17:19. > :17:24.each to help towards the clean-up costs. Some people might suggest
:17:24. > :17:28.that police time could be better spent. If I took something that was
:17:28. > :17:32.dear to them, like their mobile phone, and etched my name on it, I
:17:32. > :17:42.don't think they would see that as a work of art. I think they would
:17:42. > :17:44.
:17:44. > :17:47.There are very few legal graffiti walls in the North West where you
:17:47. > :17:52.can paint without fear of being arrested. One solution is a street
:17:52. > :17:55.art festival like this one in Accrington. I think people's
:17:55. > :18:05.reservations are that you are teaching these kids a skill that
:18:05. > :18:11.
:18:12. > :18:16.they will then use on bus stops. When we come into a workshop, we
:18:16. > :18:22.teach them the health and safety and the legality, and how to do it
:18:22. > :18:27.properly. That is, work on your designs on paper, and put it on to
:18:27. > :18:32.her legalised wall. Come to a workshop and learn about it. If we
:18:32. > :18:42.had more legal walls, young people would go away and learn from their
:18:42. > :18:47.
:18:47. > :18:50.peers, people they would like to aspire to.
:18:50. > :18:53.And who knows, maybe the young people learning today will be the
:18:53. > :18:57.art sensations of tomorrow. At the end of the day, a lot of the
:18:57. > :19:00.artists just want to get their art out there. It amazes me that a lot
:19:00. > :19:03.of the councils think "We've found a Banksy" and they're preserving it.
:19:03. > :19:06.They've wiped so many Banksy pieces away without even realising it, and
:19:06. > :19:16.look what's happened now. This is the whole point, there's two sides
:19:16. > :19:18.
:19:18. > :19:21.Britain's coastline was a great defensive against its enemies
:19:22. > :19:27.during World War Two, but many years before, some claim a younger
:19:27. > :19:32.Adolf Hitler spent time living just on the coast in Liverpool. It is an
:19:32. > :19:42.unlikely tale, but one that just won't go away. Paul McGann has been
:19:42. > :20:15.
:20:15. > :20:20.back to his home town to find out We love a good tale in Liverpool. 1
:20:20. > :20:25.I was taller, they said there were leprechauns in the park, and we
:20:25. > :20:28.heard that John Lennon had met the devil. But the one that tops the
:20:28. > :20:31.lot is that Adolf Hitler used to walk this very street. His brother
:20:31. > :20:39.definitely did. Alois Hitler was actually Adolf's
:20:39. > :20:42.elder half-brother. They had the same father but different mothers.
:20:42. > :20:45.In 1909, Alois travelled from Austria to Ireland, where he fell
:20:45. > :20:47.in love with 17-year-old Bridget Dowling. They ran away to London,
:20:47. > :20:51.got married, and then settled in Liverpool, where their only son was
:20:51. > :20:56.born. This is William Patrick Hitler's birth certificate,
:20:56. > :21:02.registered in Toxteth Park in 1911. It shows the family are living in a
:21:02. > :21:06.rented flat. And that flat was on Upper Stanhope Street in Toxteth.
:21:06. > :21:10.It was a typical Liverpool terrace. They lived in number 102, which was
:21:11. > :21:16.on the corner of Berkley Street. But I soon discovered the flat
:21:16. > :21:19.where the young Hitler family lived no longer exists. The street, as
:21:19. > :21:24.they knew it, has long gone ironically much of it demolished by
:21:24. > :21:27.German bombs, years after they'd left. The story goes that the man
:21:27. > :21:36.who sent those bombers over actually lived just over there for
:21:36. > :21:39.about five months when he was a The claim that Hitler came to
:21:39. > :21:46.Liverpool from November 1912 to April 1913 appears in memoirs
:21:46. > :21:50.written by Adolf's sister-in-law Bridget. The memoirs were written
:21:50. > :22:00.in the 1940s, but only came to light in New York in the early
:22:00. > :22:00.
:22:00. > :22:04.1970s. This was manna from heaven. It was unbelievable. The man who
:22:04. > :22:07.broke the story back in 1973 was Mike Unger, then Deputy Editor of
:22:07. > :22:16.the Liverpool Daily Post. It's a story which has stayed with him
:22:16. > :22:26.ever since and he's now published a new version of the memoirs. While
:22:26. > :22:28.
:22:28. > :22:36.are you so fascinated by the story? It was a great story. When we are
:22:36. > :22:41.convinced that it was true? I think the research recently has shown
:22:41. > :22:45.that. I didn't know whether it was true when we first published it, to
:22:45. > :22:53.be honest, but bits-and-pieces have come into being, that make you
:22:53. > :23:00.think that this is true. Why did he come? He didn't want to join the
:23:00. > :23:09.Austrian army. He was fleeing the draft. The Austrian officials were
:23:09. > :23:16.getting closer to him, and he decided to get out.
:23:16. > :23:20.Mike has yet to hear a convincing argument against Bridget's claims.
:23:20. > :23:24.There is no official evidence, but all of the circumstantial evidence
:23:24. > :23:26.would indicate that it is absolutely true that Adolf lived in
:23:27. > :23:29.Liverpool. The story is complicated by
:23:30. > :23:33.Liverpool novelist Beryl Bainbridge, who wrote a novel and then a TV
:23:33. > :23:35.play on the subject for the BBC. Both have helped blur the line
:23:36. > :23:41.between fact and fiction, further adding to the legend which has
:23:42. > :23:44.taken on a life of its own in Liverpool.
:23:45. > :23:54.My next piece of key research was done "down the pub" Peter
:23:54. > :24:01.Kavanagh's would have been the Hitlers' local in Toxteth.
:24:01. > :24:06.story is that he was an ever Tony in. Imagine that, Hitler was a blue.
:24:06. > :24:16.- Mike he supported Everton. I have been here quite a long time, and it
:24:16. > :24:19.
:24:19. > :24:23.was said he used to sit here in the snug and tell stories. It was said
:24:23. > :24:30.that he came in here and sat in the snug when he was visiting his
:24:30. > :24:34.family in Liverpool. If that is a myth, or a legend, or the truth,
:24:34. > :24:37.absolutely. So did Hitler walk the streets of Liverpool? Did he take a
:24:37. > :24:40.job at the Adelphi, as one legend suggests? And did he walk up
:24:40. > :24:43.Renshaw Street to St Luke's, decades before his own planes made
:24:43. > :24:46.it the famous bombed-out church? Not everyone is convinced by
:24:46. > :24:50.Bridget Hitler's memoirs. Professor Frank McDonough has written
:24:50. > :24:58.countless books on Adolf and the Third Reich. He's a Scouser, but
:24:59. > :25:02.he's also a historian. obviously thought of it as a way of
:25:02. > :25:06.making some money. He was at that time the most famous man in the
:25:06. > :25:11.world when she wrote it, and she probably would have written a kiss-
:25:11. > :25:15.and-tell now. But then, it was something juicy, something to get
:25:15. > :25:20.some interest in Britain. So she comes up with this manufactured
:25:20. > :25:24.story, Hitler came to Liverpool. And also we have to go back to
:25:24. > :25:30.Vienna and look at the evidence there. Hitler had to fill out a
:25:30. > :25:38.police registration form every year that he lived there, and he felt
:25:38. > :25:45.there might from February 1910 to May 1914, and he gave a specific
:25:45. > :25:50.address, which was a men's lodging house. Then we have got him also in
:25:50. > :25:54.this lodging house on a specific date being seen by two eyewitnesses.
:25:54. > :26:00.That is strong evidence for him being in this Other Place, in
:26:00. > :26:05.Vienna. And also, he didn't just have to get out of Austria. He also
:26:05. > :26:09.had to get to one of the port to come to Liverpool. There are
:26:09. > :26:14.records from passenger lists, from Hamburg or Rotterdam. He should
:26:14. > :26:19.show upon one of those if he came to Liverpool. There is no record of
:26:19. > :26:24.that, or back. And Hitler rambled on and the Second World War, sat
:26:24. > :26:29.around with his generals, and at no point, it did he ever say,
:26:29. > :26:36.Liverpool is getting bombed, I used to live there! The fiction is much
:26:37. > :26:39.more interesting. I am depressed now!
:26:40. > :26:43.Mike Unger has answers to all of Frank's points, but one thing
:26:43. > :26:48.convinces him more than anything that the story is true. There are
:26:48. > :26:51.lots of things in the memoirs that only a close member of the family
:26:51. > :26:57.could no, and if she was making it up to sell for money, which she
:26:57. > :27:04.wasn't, she would have embellished it far more than she did. The story
:27:04. > :27:07.is so trivial, so trite, so banal, you couldn't make it up.
:27:07. > :27:11.So what became of everyone in this amazing tale? Alois went back to
:27:11. > :27:15.Germany in 1914, leaving Bridget to fend for herself with young William.
:27:15. > :27:18.They eventually sailed to America as war was breaking in 1939.
:27:18. > :27:23.William had four sons. Three are still alive and living in Long
:27:23. > :27:33.Island under a new surname. They all vowed never to have children so
:27:33. > :27:37.
:27:37. > :27:40.One thing which won't die is this story. One of the regulars at Peter
:27:41. > :27:50.Kavanagh's has written a new play called Adolf In Toxteth. Expect it
:27:50. > :27:55.to be in keeping with the spirit of Adolf Hitler lived on Upper
:27:55. > :27:59.Stanhope Street, which is 50 yards that way. There is a church 50
:27:59. > :28:03.yards the other way. This pub lies right slap bang in the middle.
:28:03. > :28:13.Don't tell me he never called in for a half on his way home from
:28:13. > :28:14.
:28:14. > :28:21.Services it, that is Adolf Hitler's seat. It is a tall tale, but it is
:28:21. > :28:31.a Liverpool tile. And for me, until somebody produces irrefutable proof
:28:31. > :28:31.