:00:07. > :00:15.Tonight, we're in Lancashire where we will find out how recant do our
:00:15. > :00:22.bit for the birds. Tonight, we investigate the North-South divide
:00:22. > :00:30.in funding for male cancer research. And the north-west, as a
:00:30. > :00:40.consequence, our patients suffer. We discover the best way to feeder
:00:40. > :00:40.
:00:40. > :00:47.garden birds. Remembering those magnificent men In Their Flying
:00:47. > :00:57.Machines. It is like the lunar landings. Major advancement in
:00:57. > :01:07.
:01:07. > :01:13.Men in Greater Manchester are likelier to die from prostate
:01:13. > :01:23.cancer than anywhere in the country. And spite of this, we get the
:01:23. > :01:26.
:01:26. > :01:31.lowest levels of funding for research into men's cancers.
:01:31. > :01:41.Prostate cancer cells invade human bone marrow as the new Tate and
:01:41. > :01:42.
:01:42. > :01:45.spread. That sequence was filmed here at the Paterson Institute. It
:01:45. > :01:55.includes the Christie hospital based on the site. This type of
:01:55. > :02:05.research costs a lot, staff and Materials. You would think it would
:02:05. > :02:06.
:02:06. > :02:12.attract a lot of funding. The NHS Pitt's very little money into this
:02:12. > :02:16.area for research. Most of the funding comes from the National
:02:16. > :02:24.Institute for funding research. Despite the fact that more men died
:02:24. > :02:31.from prostate cancer here, we get the least money. BNH I are or has
:02:31. > :02:41.an annual budget of a billion pounds. Last year, its spent
:02:41. > :02:44.
:02:44. > :02:52.millions. 97 % of the funding stayed in the south and a tiny 3%
:02:52. > :03:00.came up here. It is a classic catch 22. Funding shrank over the years,
:03:00. > :03:10.staff moved on. Research declined. Institutions and the South got
:03:10. > :03:11.
:03:11. > :03:16.better at winning funding. More men are treated at the Christie cancer
:03:16. > :03:23.hospital than anywhere in the country. Neil Clarke thinks the
:03:23. > :03:30.region is disadvantaged. I feel the playing field is not level. There
:03:31. > :03:39.is a discrepancy to and an unfairness and the we funding is
:03:39. > :03:46.allocated. And the north-west, we are unable to compete when it comes
:03:46. > :03:56.to -- applications for research. Consequently, our patients suffer.
:03:56. > :03:57.
:03:57. > :04:01.At the end of the food chain, is them -- is men's cancer. This man
:04:01. > :04:11.survived prostate cancer and has set a park a charity called Men
:04:11. > :04:11.
:04:12. > :04:21.Matter if all --. The first indication was during a routine
:04:22. > :04:24.
:04:24. > :04:31.work medical. I knew he was going to tell me I had prostate cancer. I
:04:31. > :04:41.was in shock. I sat in the car. I thought about my family. I thought
:04:41. > :04:42.
:04:42. > :04:52.I was going to die. I did not know what to do. I was responsible for a
:04:52. > :04:57.
:04:57. > :05:07.lot of people at work. My mind was in turmoil. A lot of men do not
:05:07. > :05:10.
:05:10. > :05:20.know what to do. We're not used to handling this sort of thing. There
:05:20. > :05:25.are fewer people as fit as this. As reigning champions, they are role
:05:25. > :05:35.models. No matter how healthy they are, sports men are not immune to
:05:35. > :05:36.
:05:36. > :05:45.cancer. There are three male cancers. Prostate cancer, testes
:05:45. > :05:50.cancer and cancer of the penis. We are trying to create awareness. We
:05:50. > :06:00.are encouraging men to be more aware. Anything that does not look
:06:00. > :06:01.
:06:01. > :06:08.right, get your GP. I should probably checked more. Some men
:06:08. > :06:18.feel embarrassed but I should check more regularly. I knew of the other
:06:18. > :06:25.two. Testicular cancer is may be more relevant. Girls are better at
:06:25. > :06:31.talking about this with their friends. Men struggle to self
:06:31. > :06:37.examine, women have long realised it is important. Breast cancer
:06:37. > :06:43.research has soared. 20 % of all like research last year went to
:06:43. > :06:50.breast cancer. Rare diseases like penile cancer got virtually no
:06:50. > :06:57.funding. The Breast Cancer Group have been effective and
:06:58. > :07:04.highlighting the problems. They have been effective in developing
:07:04. > :07:11.research over a long period of time. In men's cancers, we have not been
:07:11. > :07:20.able to do this. Breast cancer is we rate should be but we have not
:07:20. > :07:30.been as successful. We are behind the curve. Echt takes some time to
:07:30. > :07:34.
:07:35. > :07:41.catch up. If any man feels there is something wrong, they should
:07:41. > :07:46.contact their GP. He should not be ashamed of being judged. Mario
:07:46. > :07:56.Bellini had surgery for a life- threatening testicular cancer one
:07:56. > :07:56.
:07:56. > :08:03.month ago. When I was diagnosed, everyone was on their feet. They
:08:03. > :08:13.tried to get it sorted. It reflected the seriousness of what I
:08:13. > :08:15.
:08:15. > :08:25.had. As you learn about the steps, you find out that you live with
:08:25. > :08:45.
:08:45. > :08:50.cancer. You can go back to your Men Matter raise money for cancer
:08:50. > :09:00.research. They are one of three charities in the UK for dealing
:09:00. > :09:02.
:09:02. > :09:12.exclusively with immense cancers. It has a direct impact. This system
:09:12. > :09:12.
:09:12. > :09:22.here is �5,000. It is a basic facility. To expand, we must step
:09:22. > :09:24.
:09:24. > :09:34.up and use new microscopes. We're looking at scops that will cost
:09:34. > :09:40.�150,000. This doctor is paid for by the Men Matter appeal. I must
:09:40. > :09:46.seek extra funding from my salary otherwise my job will cease to be.
:09:46. > :09:53.If I am not there, the team will fall apart. There is a correlation
:09:53. > :09:59.between the amount of money coming in and the outcome for those
:09:59. > :10:04.patients whose outcomes are worse than in other areas of the country.
:10:04. > :10:14.The National Institute for Health Research says its mission is to
:10:14. > :10:30.
:10:30. > :10:40.improve health through research. It The Men Matter charity has raised
:10:40. > :10:40.
:10:40. > :10:46.�300,000 funding to match -- two research posts. We are run in front,
:10:46. > :10:56.over the next two or three years, we hope to make huge inroads into
:10:56. > :11:00.
:11:00. > :11:10.male awareness. The courage of the first aviators and their race
:11:10. > :11:16.
:11:16. > :11:23.across Britain. It was early days before conventions were established.
:11:23. > :11:33.It is the busiest day of the year with birds flying in from all over.
:11:33. > :11:38.
:11:38. > :11:48.It is birds closer to corm who needed her help.
:11:48. > :11:50.
:11:50. > :12:00.Dawn breaks, a birders paradise. Each morning, this man gets up to
:12:00. > :12:06.
:12:06. > :12:13.check the new arrivals. I am doing They are quite stationary. I can
:12:13. > :12:23.use a clicker to count every one. Where are they from? They are from
:12:23. > :12:27.
:12:27. > :12:37.Iceland. We get around eight to 10 % of ice land's operation. --
:12:37. > :12:48.
:12:48. > :12:56.population. Shall we carry on What is this area? This is Swan
:12:56. > :13:00.Lake. It is part of our captive area. A lot of the captive birds
:13:00. > :13:06.are threatened or endangered. By beating them in captivity, we can
:13:06. > :13:10.find out a lot more about them. If we need to reintroduce them back
:13:10. > :13:17.into the wild, we could. But also there are recreational purposes.
:13:17. > :13:20.People can look at them. We can get key messages across. Are there any
:13:20. > :13:28.birds that are typical to this area that we might Artesian the rest of
:13:28. > :13:35.the UK? -- might not see in the rest of the UK. This part of the
:13:35. > :13:42.country is very important for woodland water fowl. We have some
:13:43. > :13:50.of the most important breeding areas. You live on site. This is
:13:50. > :13:57.noisy, isn't it? Yes, I have actually worked here for 37 years
:13:57. > :14:05.and lived on site for 10 years. When I first move in, the Swans
:14:05. > :14:14.would keep me awake. But once the birds have gone, it is unusual, it
:14:14. > :14:23.is hard to get to sleep. There is a deathly silence. It is so unusually
:14:23. > :14:27.quiet. I do not think we are going to see
:14:27. > :14:33.these birds in the garden. unless you are from South America.
:14:33. > :14:38.They have been bred at the centre in Slimbridge. We have had been
:14:38. > :14:42.here since the 1980s. They are absolutely stunning. They would not
:14:42. > :14:52.have that colour without their diet. They each tripes -- shrimps in the
:14:52. > :14:57.
:14:58. > :15:06.wild. Are they perfectly happy here? Yes, they are. The food
:15:06. > :15:10.provides carotene. It is a flamingo biscuit.
:15:10. > :15:16.These Hawaiian geese are an example of a real success story at the
:15:16. > :15:21.trust. In the 1940s, numbers were depleted.
:15:21. > :15:27.Sir Peter Scott, the founder of the trust, brought them to the UK and
:15:27. > :15:37.after a very successful breeding programme, the numbers are up to
:15:37. > :15:38.
:15:38. > :15:44.well over 7,000 and they are now being released back into the wild.
:15:44. > :15:53.What area are we in? This is a garden area. We are surrounded by
:15:53. > :15:59.trees. We have the greenhouse. Garden birds? Yes, we have great
:15:59. > :16:08.tits, blue tits, chaffinches as well. This is a male pheasant. You
:16:09. > :16:12.can tell because of the striking plumage. If you were in India in
:16:12. > :16:19.area, you would probably not see these. But they are quite common in
:16:19. > :16:23.a country garden. What is the importance of people being a bit
:16:23. > :16:29.motivated when it is cold and actually putting some food out?
:16:29. > :16:38.is really important. The wild ft starts to disappear. They will
:16:38. > :16:41.start relying on birdseed. It gets them through the winter. There are
:16:41. > :16:49.as well as the food, is there anything else we can do to make
:16:49. > :16:56.gardeners more appealing for birds? Yes, fresh water. As it freezes
:16:56. > :17:02.over, it is difficult for the birds to find water. It is important, not
:17:02. > :17:05.only for drinking but also for preening.
:17:06. > :17:11.Is there something simple that we can make at home to attract the
:17:11. > :17:19.birds into the garden? Yes, there are simple things. You can make fat
:17:19. > :17:23.feeders. You can buy them but they are easy to make. You just need a
:17:23. > :17:33.lump of wood, drill holes in and then you can put a bit of rope on
:17:33. > :17:35.
:17:35. > :17:45.there. Shall we make them? Yes. You need about a third of lard. And
:17:45. > :17:46.
:17:46. > :17:51.some seed. On the table? Yes, that is great. Is there anything we
:17:51. > :17:54.should not be putting out were the birds? Yes, a couple of things.
:17:54. > :17:58.Anything is pretty good but things like white bread is not
:17:58. > :18:08.particularly good for birds. It tends to fill the art but not give
:18:08. > :18:11.
:18:11. > :18:17.them any nutrients. -- fill them up. OK, is this done? That looks great.
:18:17. > :18:24.Now you need to fill the holes with the large and the seat. Our numbers
:18:24. > :18:32.declining? Members of certain birds are declining. That is down to
:18:32. > :18:41.modern factors, even house building. House sparrows and house martins
:18:41. > :18:51.come of kin -- getting to nest. That is pretty much it. That is
:18:51. > :18:54.
:18:54. > :18:58.done. You can hang that up. And the birds will peck away at it.
:18:58. > :19:03.As we have seen, it can be cheap and easy to make your own bird
:19:03. > :19:12.feeder. But they have got a few more miles to feed here. Twice a
:19:12. > :19:17.day, Tom fills the biggest bird table in the world.
:19:17. > :19:22.They would not be able to do their vital conservation working without
:19:22. > :19:28.their army of volunteers. Dave travels six days a week to monitor
:19:28. > :19:36.the Swans. He takes notes of all ring numbers.
:19:36. > :19:40.We believe the oldest one is actually over there. It is e-mail
:19:40. > :19:45.and he is 18 years old. His partner is just to the left of
:19:45. > :19:55.him. How important is it to know the Swans on mating and how long
:19:55. > :19:56.
:19:56. > :20:04.they mate for? It is important because that is confirming they are
:20:04. > :20:11.repair. The Mail is on the right. He has the longer neck. You have
:20:11. > :20:15.seen them together, you know. What do you personally get from
:20:15. > :20:21.sitting here and taking this information in? You get to know the
:20:21. > :20:27.Swans. You get to know the particular habits and if people
:20:27. > :20:32.take the trouble to fit rings on the birds and someone needs to be
:20:32. > :20:38.able to collect the information. It is all part of the research. And
:20:38. > :20:44.knowing that what we are doing does actually benefit the Swans.
:20:45. > :20:47.I have had a really fantastic day today. The one thing I will take
:20:47. > :20:51.away from it his nature is all around you and just go out there
:20:51. > :20:58.and enjoy it, have some fun. It is quite literally in your own back
:20:58. > :21:08.garden. More than 100 years ago, the north-
:21:08. > :21:10.
:21:10. > :21:20.west was a key stop on the route of the Ayr race.
:21:20. > :21:20.
:21:20. > :21:27.They were flying some of the marvels of the Edwardian age.
:21:27. > :21:32.These days, we take flying very much for granted. But 100 years ago,
:21:32. > :21:36.the skies were a brave New Frontier. The aircraft had only been around
:21:36. > :21:42.for a few years and pilots were still working out the best ways to
:21:42. > :21:47.take off, land and most importantly, how to stop falling out of the sky.
:21:47. > :21:52.Then the stakes were raised even higher. In 1911, beaded email
:21:52. > :22:02.invited a Peters from all over the world to race around the entire
:22:02. > :22:11.country -- the Daily Mail invited This was probably the biggest
:22:11. > :22:21.challenge. You had a longer race and the British weather to deal
:22:21. > :22:22.
:22:22. > :22:25.with. It was an enormous challenge. The aircraft had only been invented
:22:25. > :22:31.eight years previously and the longest distance race attempted in
:22:31. > :22:39.Britain stood at just 185 miles. From London to Manchester.
:22:39. > :22:48.That race in 1910 had seen only two entrance. Claude Graham White took
:22:48. > :22:52.on you we puller from France. The Frenchman took the spoils.
:22:52. > :22:55.But the public's appetite for flight had been stirred. And the
:22:55. > :23:02.1911 circuit of Britain would be next.
:23:02. > :23:05.Before long, 30 pilots had signed up with an incredible collection of
:23:05. > :23:10.flying machines. They were all hoping to be the first to cross the
:23:10. > :23:15.finishing line. Or at least completed the epic journey.
:23:15. > :23:19.Today, the Shuttleworth Collection in Bedfordshire has more airworthy
:23:19. > :23:23.examples of the type of exam -- aircraft that flew in the race than
:23:23. > :23:25.anywhere else in the world was of is this an example of the kind of
:23:26. > :23:35.flying machine that would have taken part?
:23:36. > :23:36.
:23:36. > :23:42.Absolutely. We have the Blackburn and Bristol box kite. This one, it
:23:42. > :23:48.is quite low. This one looks like a kite. They are really in mixture of
:23:48. > :23:52.design. That is absolutely right. In those days, the conventional
:23:52. > :23:57.airplane was not a convention. It was very experimental. Nobody knew
:23:57. > :24:04.how to make an aeroplane as we know them now. They were prepared to
:24:04. > :24:07.push the boundaries and advance aviation. There was also be �10,000
:24:07. > :24:11.prize. Yes, certainly for some of them, that would have been a
:24:11. > :24:17.substantial amount of money. It would have been very important. For
:24:17. > :24:23.others, it was the glory. For others, the sportsmanship. They
:24:23. > :24:33.were iconic figures in those years, like the astronauts were. They were
:24:33. > :24:33.
:24:33. > :24:38.celebrities. Brave men but with egos. No doubt.
:24:38. > :24:48.You had to have a lot of money. and large, yes. You certainly have
:24:48. > :24:50.
:24:50. > :24:52.to be a very strong personality. Saturday 22nd July 1911, an
:24:52. > :24:58.extraordinary collection of aircraft and their pilots gathered
:24:58. > :25:02.for the first leg from Surrey to Hendon.
:25:02. > :25:05.It caused a sensation. Thousands of people from across the country
:25:05. > :25:12.turned out to see these extraordinary flying machines take
:25:13. > :25:17.the air. From Hendon, the second leg would
:25:17. > :25:24.take the aircraft north through Harrogate and Newcastle and on to
:25:24. > :25:28.Edinburgh. And then on to Glasgow, Carlisle, Manchester and Bristol.
:25:28. > :25:38.And then it was West, to Exeter, back across Salisbury Plain and
:25:38. > :25:44.down to Brighton. And then the final --. A total of 1010 miles.
:25:44. > :25:48.Among the starters was Samuel Franklin. A one-time wild West
:25:48. > :25:54.showman and sharpshooter who came to England in 1890 and became a
:25:54. > :25:57.British citizen. He was one of the country's very first flyers. He was
:25:57. > :26:02.experimental. I do not think his approach was particularly
:26:02. > :26:10.scientific. The biggest problem with him was it is hard to extract
:26:10. > :26:15.the man from the myth. He created this whole show around himself. It
:26:15. > :26:20.is hard to go to the bones of who he really was. And how he went
:26:20. > :26:24.about things. But some competitors did not even make it past the start
:26:24. > :26:29.line. The main challengers would have
:26:29. > :26:36.been reliability for the engines and the aircraft themselves would
:26:36. > :26:43.stop and the abilities of the pilots.
:26:43. > :26:46.It was before conventions had been established and the machines
:26:46. > :26:56.themselves were often unacceptably low standard. The early pilots may
:26:56. > :27:07.
:27:07. > :27:15.have had it not to learn that the It was a sport. They were glory
:27:15. > :27:19.hunters. They were probably less interested in the prize and more
:27:19. > :27:23.interested in the celebrity. nation was gripped with the
:27:23. > :27:31.creation fever. Tens of thousands of people turned out all over the
:27:31. > :27:37.country to get a glimpse of the pilots.
:27:37. > :27:43.The circuit of Britain race ended just a week after it had begun. It
:27:43. > :27:53.was won by Beaumont. He completed the course in just under 20 two-
:27:53. > :28:04.
:28:04. > :28:12.and-a-half hours. -- 22 hours. Only one British made aircraft finished
:28:12. > :28:16.the race. A bit like the lunar landings, it was a major
:28:16. > :28:26.advancement in science. There was also the sportsmanship and the
:28:26. > :28:29.