:00:07. > :00:14.Desperate for Dover ` we look back at a summer of illegal migr`nts in
:00:15. > :00:18.Calais. They are fed up bec`use nobody tries to change anything and
:00:19. > :00:23.we are left as a city alone and blamed for not doing anything.
:00:24. > :00:27.From top model to war photographer ` we look at Lee Miller's lifd at
:00:28. > :00:32.Folly farm in Sussex. She g`ve the impression of being a useless drunk.
:00:33. > :00:37.I was astonished when my late wife, Susanna, found this stash that
:00:38. > :00:41.contained most of Lee's work. And getting to the bottom of the
:00:42. > :00:47.sewage problem in Thanet thhs summer. Nobody wants to talk about
:00:48. > :00:52.this horrible thing. We flush and forget and then we tend to think
:00:53. > :00:55.everything is the responsibhlity of the water company.
:00:56. > :00:59.I'm Natalie Graham, with untold stories closer to home. Frol all
:01:00. > :01:18.around the south`east, this is Inside Out.
:01:19. > :01:25.Tonight, we are at Farley F`rm in the rural heart of East Sussex. I'm
:01:26. > :01:29.back here later. First, for years, the French have struggled whth the
:01:30. > :01:35.problem of migrants trying to illegally break into the UK via
:01:36. > :01:38.Dover. But this summer, things have been particularly bad and the Mayor
:01:39. > :01:49.of Calais is at the end of her tether.
:01:50. > :01:55.They have travelled for thotsands of miles from some of the poordst and
:01:56. > :02:04.most dangerous parts of the world. Pakistan, Syria and refugee camps in
:02:05. > :02:08.Africa. Now they are near the end of their journey. There is just one
:02:09. > :02:19.last major obstacle, the English Channel. And their only hopd to
:02:20. > :02:24.cross it is to come here, to Calais. They are so near and yet so far from
:02:25. > :02:29.their final destination. Now, many migrants are frustrated, and local
:02:30. > :02:36.people have had to watch as they demonstrate their anger on the
:02:37. > :02:39.streets of Calais. They havd also been watching in the Mayor's office
:02:40. > :02:43.that you can see in the distance, and they are fed up with wh`t they
:02:44. > :02:49.see. They are fed up becausd nobody tries to change anything, and we are
:02:50. > :02:54.left as a city alone and bl`med for not doing anything. So fed tp, in
:02:55. > :02:58.fact, that he is planning to ask the 75,000 people who live in C`lais to
:02:59. > :03:04.get into their cars and block the entrance to their own pot. H don't
:03:05. > :03:09.know if we will have 75,000 people of Calais coming to the port, but I
:03:10. > :03:12.am sure thousands will be there You can imagine the result. You are
:03:13. > :03:16.suggesting that the citizens of Calais would drive to the port
:03:17. > :03:22.entrance and looked for an hour or two? We just have to take otr cars,
:03:23. > :03:26.go there and stop. What would the police do? The migrants havd been a
:03:27. > :03:33.problem in Calais for years but in the last few months, things have
:03:34. > :03:38.been getting worse. They ard getting under the axle. There are two of
:03:39. > :03:42.them. In March, BBC South E`st Today and young men desperate enotgh to
:03:43. > :03:46.climb onto the axles of lorries driving back to the UK. Othdrs
:03:47. > :03:48.risked their lives in the btsy shipping lanes of the English
:03:49. > :03:55.Channel by crossing on home`made rafts. TRANSLATION: Until I am at my
:03:56. > :04:01.destination, I will do it again and again. There is no other wax to get
:04:02. > :04:17.to England. But things were going to get worse in the months to come
:04:18. > :04:27.The camps where many migrants live is nicknamed the jungle. I could
:04:28. > :04:30.sense that people were perh`ps a little suspicious of me at first,
:04:31. > :04:39.but it was not long before H felt accepting. This is the camp
:04:40. > :04:43.restaurant. They are cooking lunch and they will charge a small price
:04:44. > :04:50.for people to eat. The question is, where does all this and? Will the
:04:51. > :04:59.politicians solve it in timd? Time is the one thing these people feel
:05:00. > :05:04.they do not have. And that feeling that time is not on their shde has
:05:05. > :05:12.led to tension that are simlering beneath the surface and that have
:05:13. > :05:15.got a lot worse this summer. Things are boiling in every corner. It is
:05:16. > :05:19.boiling between the people hn Calais. We don't like the mhgrants.
:05:20. > :05:23.It is boiling with the police who are at their rope trying to stop the
:05:24. > :05:28.migrants from coming in. It is boiling among the migrants, who are
:05:29. > :05:35.competing for the few spots to go to England. Things boiled over in May,
:05:36. > :05:44.when the French police tried to clear the camps by force. Some
:05:45. > :05:49.migrants then went on hunger strike, prepared to sacrifice their
:05:50. > :05:55.lives to try and force the British government to let them into the
:05:56. > :06:03.country. You are proper to dig? Yeah. `` prepared to die. At while
:06:04. > :06:06.system for asylum seekers in the two countries is by and large the same,
:06:07. > :06:11.the money they get is not. Hn the UK, they would get around ?36 a
:06:12. > :06:18.week. In France, it is more, around ?65 a week, although there will be
:06:19. > :06:23.more red tape. So why don't migrants claim asylum in France and stay in
:06:24. > :06:27.France? The deputy mayor saxs they do tell them how to claim asylum and
:06:28. > :06:31.get benefits, but he believds it is the criminal gangs who make money
:06:32. > :06:35.out of these people who tell them that life is better in Engl`nd and
:06:36. > :06:40.not to listen to the French. Have got the Mafia saying, don't believe
:06:41. > :06:47.what they say. You must go to England. And the migrant dods not
:06:48. > :06:51.believe what we say. They still believe they have to go to Dngland.
:06:52. > :06:56.From the get go, their point was to go to England. That is wherd they
:06:57. > :07:02.hear life is good. Maybe it is a myth, but it is a myth that is
:07:03. > :07:07.injuring. Also, they speak ` little bit of English or a lot of Dnglish.
:07:08. > :07:11.Not all of them, but most of them. That makes it easier. French, for
:07:12. > :07:15.some reason, frightens them to learn. I spoke to people in a camp
:07:16. > :07:20.about why they wanted to get to England. My family lives in
:07:21. > :07:27.England. That is why England and not France is. It is interesting to meet
:07:28. > :07:30.people who have clearly been to college and speak English. Ht adds
:07:31. > :07:35.is one of the questions abott why people want to come to Engl`nd and
:07:36. > :07:41.do not want to claim asylum in France. He speaks English and has
:07:42. > :07:46.family in England. And so the summer of madness has continued. Young men
:07:47. > :07:51.have begun climbing the fivd metre high security fence in broad
:07:52. > :07:56.daylight, oblivious to the risk And more outrageous than that, last
:07:57. > :08:00.week, hundreds stormed Calahs port to try and force their way onto
:08:01. > :08:04.ferries. Perhaps not surprising then, that the Mayor of Cal`is wants
:08:05. > :08:09.to take the extraordinary step of asking the people of Calais to block
:08:10. > :08:13.the port to try to force thd British government, the European Unhon and
:08:14. > :08:19.even the United Nations to help to their concerns. We must be
:08:20. > :08:26.listened. At the moment, evdrybody disregards Calais and the m`yor of
:08:27. > :08:30.Calais. It is unfair. It is strange that the Mayor of Calais wotld
:08:31. > :08:33.threaten to do something illegal. I guess he just wants to make a point
:08:34. > :08:43.that things need to be changed, and they do need to be changed. But
:08:44. > :08:47.maybe there are other ways to do it. So Calais is fed up with thd
:08:48. > :08:51.problem. It remains to be sden how far there are prepared to go to put
:08:52. > :08:56.it back in the hands of the British. It is a sobering thought th`t these
:08:57. > :09:10.people are prepared to risk everything to get to the UK.
:09:11. > :09:16.Mark Norman reporting. Coming up: Should our beaches close because of
:09:17. > :09:19.sewage? There is a whole series of things that are said which `re very
:09:20. > :09:24.misleading. We talk about r`w sewage being dumped on the beaches. That is
:09:25. > :09:29.not the case. Lee Miller was a native New Yorker
:09:30. > :09:32.and international style icon and a ground`breaking photographer. Her
:09:33. > :09:45.home was a magnet for the world s greatest artist is, and that home
:09:46. > :09:52.was here in Sussex. Hidden `way in a Sussex backwater of Muddles Green is
:09:53. > :09:56.Farley Farm House. In the 1860s and 70s, it was the home of Sir Roland
:09:57. > :10:02.and Lady Penrose. But Lady Penrose is better known as Lee Milldr. Her
:10:03. > :10:09.dinner parties were attended by some of the world's most famous `rtists.
:10:10. > :10:14.At the weekend, they used to be a tremendous commotion and thdy would
:10:15. > :10:19.arrive, mostly by car. And they would bring with them this whole
:10:20. > :10:24.crowd of people who mostly did not speak English. They were grdat fun
:10:25. > :10:30.to be around. I had no idea that some of these people were the
:10:31. > :10:36.greatest artist of the last century. Picasso and Man Ray were just
:10:37. > :10:42.currency here. They were very much part of our lives. Around this
:10:43. > :10:49.table, you would have found the most wonderful mix of people, yotng
:10:50. > :10:53.artists, established artists, publishers, poets, filmmakers, all
:10:54. > :10:59.the people you could think of. They were always chatting away and
:11:00. > :11:05.cooking up new ideas. It is almost certain that here was where pop art
:11:06. > :11:11.started, when Richard Hamilton started a series of experimdnts
:11:12. > :11:14.which ended up with pop art. So who exactly was Lee Miller, who could
:11:15. > :11:23.bring the celebrities of thd art world to Sussex? Born in 1907 in
:11:24. > :11:27.upstate New York, Lee was dhscovered by the Vogue publisher Condd Nast
:11:28. > :11:35.himself, when he saved her from being knocked down by a car. She
:11:36. > :11:39.became a Vogue cover girl. She moved to Paris, where she first mdt Roland
:11:40. > :11:43.Penrose. But it was surrealhst photographer Man Ray who thdn became
:11:44. > :11:50.her lover, and together thex discovered the photographic
:11:51. > :11:53.technique called solarisation. After splitting from Ray, she started her
:11:54. > :11:58.own photo studio in New York and completed the move from in front of
:11:59. > :12:07.two behind the lens by workhng for Vogue again. By the time war broke
:12:08. > :12:12.out, she was living in London with Roland and she wanted to pl`y her
:12:13. > :12:17.part in the fight against the Nazis. She got involved in the war because
:12:18. > :12:22.I think she was very conscious of her friends left behind in France,
:12:23. > :12:27.about to be overwhelmed by the Nazis. Eventually, her camera became
:12:28. > :12:33.her weapon of choice. Nobodx was going to give her a gun, so she used
:12:34. > :12:37.a camera and eventually, shd became accredited and then she was
:12:38. > :12:42.photographing in Normandy soon after D`Day and across Europe. Led's photo
:12:43. > :12:47.assignments revealed that she was not only a photographer, but a
:12:48. > :12:52.talented writer, sending reports back from the front line. The
:12:53. > :12:55.building we were in and the others which faced the fort were bding spat
:12:56. > :13:01.at now, ping, bang, hitting above our window into the next. F`st,
:13:02. > :13:05.queer noise. Impact before the gun noise itself, hundreds of rounds
:13:06. > :13:12.crossing and recrossing where we were. I sheltered, squatting under
:13:13. > :13:17.the ramparts. My heel ground into a dead, detached hand and I ctrsed the
:13:18. > :13:26.Germans for the ugly destruction they had conjured up in this once
:13:27. > :13:31.beautiful town. Tony grew up unaware of what his mother had achidved but
:13:32. > :13:35.after her death, a chance dhscovery here at the farmhouse changdd
:13:36. > :13:39.everything. During her lifetime she gave the impression of being a
:13:40. > :13:46.useless drunk most of the thme, to me. When she died, I was astonished
:13:47. > :13:52.when my late wife Susanna wdnt up into the attic and found thhs stash
:13:53. > :13:59.of cardboard boxes that contained most of Lee's work. There wdre
:14:00. > :14:02.60,000 negatives. It was a total life change, because I was
:14:03. > :14:06.commissioned to write the bhography of Lee Miller and that led le into
:14:07. > :14:12.research. I found out a lot of things. I had given myself ` mum I
:14:13. > :14:17.had not known, and that feels good to this day. As only one of very few
:14:18. > :14:20.women photographers on the front line, Lee captured some startling
:14:21. > :14:25.images with what today seems very committed equipment. Carole Callow
:14:26. > :14:42.has spent the last 20 years printing Lee Miller's photographs.
:14:43. > :14:46.You did not see the results of the photograph until literally the film
:14:47. > :14:57.was sent back. Maybe weeks `fter the event.
:14:58. > :14:59.After travelling with the advancing allied armies across Europe into
:15:00. > :15:02.the heart of Germany, in 1945 she found herself billeted in what was
:15:03. > :15:06.It was there that she creatdd one of her most famous images.
:15:07. > :15:32.This image is one of the more iconic images of Lee Miller. It was taken
:15:33. > :15:40.on the evening that she and David Schoeman visited Dachau
:15:41. > :15:41.concentration camp. There is an element of the image
:15:42. > :15:48.concentration camp. There is an element of the image being set up
:15:49. > :15:54.with the statue being there and Hitler's photograph on the bath as
:15:55. > :15:59.well. But one thing you cannot take away is the fact that her roots and
:16:00. > :16:17.clothes have made his Christian bath mat absolutely filthy. `` pristine.
:16:18. > :16:24.Her photography of the liberation of the camp is rated as some of the
:16:25. > :16:30.most remarkable pictures to come out of the war. And when we realise that
:16:31. > :16:35.in that moment she was lookhng for the faces of her friends who had
:16:36. > :16:40.gone missing from Paris, because they had been taken by the Nazis, we
:16:41. > :16:50.realise how personal that w`s. This was a train. It had been discovered
:16:51. > :16:57.by the liberators and it contained over 3000 prisoners, but thd
:16:58. > :17:05.liberators found only one strvivor. All the rest had died. She hs
:17:06. > :17:09.actually going light on othdrs. She is not showing us some of the most
:17:10. > :17:16.excoriating the horrible pictures that she had. She was not after
:17:17. > :17:22.sensationalism. She destroydd a law of the negatives at the end of the
:17:23. > :17:27.war and she said to the darkroom assistant who tried to stop her I
:17:28. > :17:32.don't want anybody to ever have two see everything that I saw. But I
:17:33. > :17:38.will leave enough so that you can understand. We all know, whdn we see
:17:39. > :17:40.something really traumatic, there is no race button. It stays in our
:17:41. > :17:51.memories for ever. `` erase button. After the war ended Lee strtggled
:17:52. > :17:54.to find a new direction, fashion photography no longer had the same
:17:55. > :17:56.appeal after the intensity of her By then she was already
:17:57. > :18:00.suffering from what we now call post`traumatic stress syndrome
:18:01. > :18:06.was drinking heavily. After a few years' wandering she
:18:07. > :18:12.returned to Roland in London. Roland Penrose, was one
:18:13. > :18:15.of the most important figurds A close friend
:18:16. > :18:19.of Picasso he founded The Institute Lee Roland married in 1947
:18:20. > :18:26.and bought Farley Farm. Although Miller struggled whth her
:18:27. > :18:40.demons she did not stand sthll, she had another reinvention
:18:41. > :18:44.of herself to conjure up she became a celebrated gourmet cook,
:18:45. > :18:59.writing books hosting dinner Her dishes were spectacular. There
:19:00. > :19:07.would be a great anticipation as to what was coming next. Somethmes it
:19:08. > :19:14.was completely wrong course. `` bonkers. Totally bonkers and
:19:15. > :19:34.wonderful. known than she was when she was
:19:35. > :19:39.alive. Since her death in 1877 and the rediscovery of her work shortly
:19:40. > :19:41.afterwards her photographs have the world. Lee's granddaughter Ami
:19:42. > :19:55.is a trustee of the archive. So many people want to learn so much
:19:56. > :20:01.more. And for me, there is so much more.
:20:02. > :20:07.So much of her belongs to so many other people. I see this by the way
:20:08. > :20:13.people respond, writing a Ph.D. On her and things like that. It is
:20:14. > :20:23.deeply inspiring for me. But at the same time it is not the person who
:20:24. > :20:24.inwardly in my heart I know, that is a private place that nobody will
:20:25. > :20:40.ever write a Ph.D. About. Over the summer you would think that
:20:41. > :20:45.a trip to the seaside would be perfect. Except if you went to
:20:46. > :21:03.Thanet. We found out why. It is the summer season comhng to an
:21:04. > :21:08.end and you would imagine a jet ski company like this would celdbrate a
:21:09. > :21:16.great year. But despite the great weather, they have lost mondy. Stay
:21:17. > :21:19.out of the water again. Angdr as Southern water discharges sdwage
:21:20. > :21:27.into the sea. Again, we are out of business.
:21:28. > :21:32.It could not have happened `t a worse time. Temperatures were
:21:33. > :21:41.soaring and the summer holidays had just started yet nine of Th`net s
:21:42. > :21:49.beaches were effectively closed The impact was a loss of earnings,
:21:50. > :21:54.in the cafes, for these guys on their jet skis, it absolutely ruined
:21:55. > :21:59.it for all of us. Businesses claim that tourist stayed
:22:00. > :22:05.away all summer. The stigma damaged the reputation of the area. What was
:22:06. > :22:10.the council right to effect to the close beaches for two days below the
:22:11. > :22:16.high watermark? We have visible sewage eviddnce
:22:17. > :22:21.debris, towels, tampons, debris floating in the water. It is simply
:22:22. > :22:28.not acceptable. The public would not find it acceptable to swim hn that.
:22:29. > :22:33.Was the decision based on shnce Water samples taken after the spill
:22:34. > :22:41.past waving standards. You will see some of, absolttely
:22:42. > :22:48.disgusting... The panic button is always hit when
:22:49. > :22:55.words like sewage, faeces, `nd suchlike com up. Everybody reacts.
:22:56. > :23:04.But it is not a very good indicator of a risk, frankly. Could h`ve
:23:05. > :23:08.wastewater go in without behng visible, but still make you sick.
:23:09. > :23:15.You cannot see viruses, thex are invisible.
:23:16. > :23:20.So the debris is not always necessarily a serious risk to
:23:21. > :23:24.health. Normally rubbish we flush away is removed from the sewage
:23:25. > :23:29.here. A Southern water pumphng station where the discharges are
:23:30. > :23:34.released to see. There are some surprising things about this place.
:23:35. > :23:39.It can pump up to 800 litres of sewage every second but does not
:23:40. > :23:43.really smell bad. With all these control panels everywhere it looks
:23:44. > :23:48.high`tech, but in fact it is an addition to a Victorian system. That
:23:49. > :23:56.is the problem. The rainwatdr and the effluent share the same trains.
:23:57. > :24:00.So if a month's worth of rahn falls in a few hours the system is
:24:01. > :24:05.designed to bypass the treatment works and discharge sewage straight
:24:06. > :24:09.out to sea. A series of things are said when
:24:10. > :24:14.storm water is released to see that are misleading. The talk of raw
:24:15. > :24:21.sewage being dumped, it is not the case. The fact is we are releasing
:24:22. > :24:25.heavily dilutive storm water which is going out to sea instead of
:24:26. > :24:34.backing up in peoples homes. That is effective. But in 2012 it
:24:35. > :24:38.was not effective. The full extent of the breakdown was not imlediately
:24:39. > :24:42.revealed and created a delax in the clean`up operation. So were the
:24:43. > :24:47.Council cautious this summer out of the fear that history would repeat
:24:48. > :24:50.itself? We take the information that
:24:51. > :24:55.Southern water and give us `nd we speak to the Environment Agdncy But
:24:56. > :25:01.most importantly we inspect the beach ourselves to get prim`ry
:25:02. > :25:05.information on what we see. That suggests you do not entirely
:25:06. > :25:12.believe everything they say. It is not a case of not belheving.
:25:13. > :25:16.We need to take important ddcisions on their own merits.
:25:17. > :25:23.So Southern water and the council see things differently. But
:25:24. > :25:27.ultimately what turns up on the beaches is down to us and otr habits
:25:28. > :25:33.of placing additional strain on the sewage system. When the Victorians
:25:34. > :25:44.designed this all that people put down the toilet were true, he, and
:25:45. > :25:52.paper. That is the industry race. But look at this. False teeth even.
:25:53. > :25:55.The more of the steps flushdd away, the more blockages, the mord
:25:56. > :26:02.discharges out to sea. All this does is creates itdms which
:26:03. > :26:08.should not be in the sewage system in the first place.
:26:09. > :26:12.In Margate last year there were 3000 sewage blockages. Southern water so
:26:13. > :26:18.that an increase in the use of wet wipes is a factor.
:26:19. > :26:23.Every 20 minutes they seem to want their hands of faces wiped.
:26:24. > :26:28.So is this contributing to the sewage on the beaches?
:26:29. > :26:35.I must confess I have flushdd them down the toilet. Baby wipes.
:26:36. > :26:40.Honestly, I have never done that. There is a stigma attached to that,
:26:41. > :26:56.mothers say they do not. But of course some of us do explan`tion ``
:26:57. > :27:01.some of us do! Do we want to have a completely new
:27:02. > :27:07.sewage system in Margate th`t separate storm water from sdwage and
:27:08. > :27:14.then releases it? If we... It is impossible.
:27:15. > :27:19.It is not. It would just cole with a price.
:27:20. > :27:27.It would be expensive and the consumer would have to pay.
:27:28. > :27:32.An awful lot. Pensioners and low income families paying an awful lot
:27:33. > :27:38.of money, in return for no benefit to themselves.
:27:39. > :27:42.Consumers do not want to have discharges into the sea. In the
:27:43. > :27:56.meantime, businesses like this are stuck in the middle.
:27:57. > :28:03.If you want any more inform`tion about the show you can visit our
:28:04. > :28:25.website. Watch again on BBC I player. Coming up next week: A
:28:26. > :28:29.pension special. Why are thdse people are avoiding paying hnto a
:28:30. > :28:34.scheme? Hands up, who has not got a pension?
:28:35. > :28:43.Why not? The biggest scam in the indtstry:
:28:44. > :28:49.How an east Sussex man lost ?90 000. Every single day I think about it.
:28:50. > :28:55.It is a very bad. And the not so shy and retiring
:28:56. > :28:57.pensioners of Kent, happy to reveal the secrets of success.
:28:58. > :30:08.My 70s have been my best decade for This summer, war returned to Europe.
:30:09. > :30:14.Somebody's just fired, one of the rebels and the situation is chaotic.
:30:15. > :30:15.The West faces a new threat from an enemy from the past