:00:08. > :00:13.Hello and welcome to Inside Out South West, stories and
:00:14. > :00:23.investigations from where you live. Tonight, the cattle disease they
:00:24. > :00:30.cannot beat. She is an inconclusive. Why bovine TB is driving this Devon
:00:31. > :00:40.farmer out of the industry he loves. It is sad? Why can we not have a
:00:41. > :00:45.vaccine? Also tonight, expelled from her country, given sanctuary in the
:00:46. > :00:53.South West. 40 years on, this refugee goes in search of Plymouth
:00:54. > :01:04.saviour. In a new country, all on my own, in hospital, she played a big
:01:05. > :01:10.part in my life. An David Fitzgerald takes a walk on the wild side of
:01:11. > :01:33.autumn. I have not seen one of these since I was a child. I am Sam Smith
:01:34. > :01:38.and this is Inside Out South West. Farming is a tough industry and for
:01:39. > :01:42.those who rear cattle, one of the most difficult issues is how to
:01:43. > :01:46.control bovine TB which can devastate herds and businesses. One
:01:47. > :01:51.possible and controversial solution is to kill badgers which can carry
:01:52. > :01:55.the disease and a trial cull organised by the government has just
:01:56. > :01:59.been extended. As we have been finding out, not all farmers, even
:02:00. > :02:12.those whose cattle have been infected, support such a drastic
:02:13. > :02:21.measure. It is TB testing time on this farm in Devon. This
:02:22. > :02:28.veterinarian measures the thickness of the skin before giving them test
:02:29. > :02:32.injections. She will return in four days time to see if any lumps have
:02:33. > :02:39.developed, an indication of bovine TB. It is an absolute nightmare. You
:02:40. > :02:43.do know `` you do not know what will happen. She did a fantastic job, but
:02:44. > :02:54.you do not know what the outcome will be. You could be in tears or
:02:55. > :02:58.celebrating. Kate bought this farm 13 years ago following a career in
:02:59. > :03:05.teaching. She produces textiles from her rare breed. When I learned that
:03:06. > :03:12.they were one of the endangered rare breeds, less than 500 left in the
:03:13. > :03:16.country, I felt driven to have some and try and actually improve that
:03:17. > :03:23.situation. I think now I am the biggest breeder of this particular
:03:24. > :03:29.species in the country. Robert's pride and joy is there a herd of
:03:30. > :03:35.organic cattle. Two years ago, they were devastated when a routine TB
:03:36. > :03:42.test resulted in the slaughter of 13 of their herd, including their prize
:03:43. > :03:47.bull. He was the best bowl in our minds in 25 years. My father said he
:03:48. > :03:52.was the best he had ever seen. We were heartbroken. They have had
:03:53. > :03:58.enough. They decided to leave farming. Rising costs have played a
:03:59. > :04:04.part in the decision, but so has TB. We have had two years of nonstop
:04:05. > :04:10.brain. There was TB as well. It made us think, there is more to life than
:04:11. > :04:14.working hard. In less than two months, everything on the farm will
:04:15. > :04:19.be sold, including the stock. The cattle cannot go unless they are
:04:20. > :04:25.free from TB which is why they are being tested again. Last year,
:04:26. > :04:29.38,000 TB infected cattle were slaughtered in Britain. Over the
:04:30. > :04:35.past decade, the disease has cost the taxpayer of ?1 billion. The
:04:36. > :04:40.government has identified badgers as the prime source of bovine TB and
:04:41. > :04:45.marksmen have been licensed to shoot 5000 of the animals in parts of the
:04:46. > :04:53.South West. Many farmers support the coal, but not Robert. `` the badger
:04:54. > :04:57.cull. It is not getting to the source of the problem. As it is,
:04:58. > :05:01.they are killing healthy badgers. They want to kill badgers that have
:05:02. > :05:06.the disease. The government says there is not a test which is
:05:07. > :05:12.practical enough to separate infected from healthy badgers. It is
:05:13. > :05:17.four days since Rachel tested the cattle. She is due back soon to see
:05:18. > :05:24.if they show signs of TB and if they do, they will be sent for slaughter.
:05:25. > :05:31.You do not know what she will find. We could be OK or we might not be.
:05:32. > :05:39.This is what the general public do not understand, what stress you
:05:40. > :05:46.have. Robert rounds up his cattle ready for the return of Rachel. He
:05:47. > :05:56.cannot resist a quick check of his own. He knows what Rachel will be
:05:57. > :06:09.looking for. It looks like we have got to lumps. I do not know what it
:06:10. > :06:23.is yet. `` two lumps. What people do not understand is the pressure. I
:06:24. > :06:35.have not slept for two night. It is just sad `` nights. Why can we not
:06:36. > :06:40.have a vaccine? We need a vaccine. The government says it is investing
:06:41. > :06:43.nearly ?12 million in the search for an effective vaccine. It will be
:06:44. > :06:57.something like ten years before one is ready. On her return visit,
:06:58. > :07:12.Rachel gives the first few animals a clean bill of health. But then
:07:13. > :07:16.Robert's fears are realised. Rachel finds lumps on the side of a cow.
:07:17. > :07:28.She measures the skin again to make sure before checking her findings
:07:29. > :07:38.against a charge. `` chart. She is an inconclusive. She will need to be
:07:39. > :07:49.tested again. This is the one I have been worrying about all morning.
:07:50. > :07:53.1090. Altogether three cows have inconclusive results. They will need
:07:54. > :07:59.to be retested in two months time. The government ad nets the test is
:08:00. > :08:09.not 100% accurate but says it is the best available `` admits. Apart from
:08:10. > :08:14.the emotional strain, a failed test has serious financial implications.
:08:15. > :08:18.It is not only the inclination on the three, it is the rest of the
:08:19. > :08:27.herd as well. Will anyone by our cattle, Pedigree organic, at a
:08:28. > :08:32.decent priced, they will not. It has probably slashed half the price of
:08:33. > :08:38.the cattle. The government will not deal with TB. They need to. We need
:08:39. > :08:44.someone here to see what they say about it. DEFRA chose not to be
:08:45. > :08:59.interviewed for this film. Six weeks have passed. It is the day of the
:09:00. > :09:11.sale. 800 people have turned up. These ones are attracting attention.
:09:12. > :09:24.I disturbed that they go to people who appreciate them and love them ``
:09:25. > :09:28.I just hope. The ruby red stood not make the sale. There are retests are
:09:29. > :09:34.not for another fortnight and until then none of them can be moved. Kate
:09:35. > :09:39.and Robert are now looking forward to a life outside of farming. We
:09:40. > :09:44.will be sad, but when we go to livestock events we will see things
:09:45. > :09:52.with our breeding in the animals and that gives you pleasure. Following
:09:53. > :09:57.the sale, two of the suspect cattle were given the all clear. The third
:09:58. > :10:02.gave an inconclusive result for a second time, which meant she had to
:10:03. > :10:14.be destroyed. She was five months in calf. Just over 40 years ago this
:10:15. > :10:18.way, an African dictator X L 70,000 of his own citizens. Some of them
:10:19. > :10:23.ended up here in the South West with little more than a single suitcase.
:10:24. > :10:26.Tonight we have the moving story of one woman who has more reason than
:10:27. > :10:35.most to remember those traumatic events. This woman is returning to
:10:36. > :10:42.the South West for the first time in four decades. Retracing a journey
:10:43. > :10:50.that would reshape her world. It is overwhelming that I am coming back
:10:51. > :11:04.here after 41 years. Hers was not the only life changed by dramatic
:11:05. > :11:08.events back in October, 1972. An Indian restaurant with a
:11:09. > :11:17.difference. The menu is exclusively vegetarian, because of the beliefs
:11:18. > :11:22.of its owners. We take nonviolence to any creature seriously. If we
:11:23. > :11:27.cannot have violence towards anyone, we will not have it on our plates.
:11:28. > :11:34.For this family, Plymouth has proved a warm and welcoming city. I think
:11:35. > :11:37.Plymouth is great. It is a friendlier place than other places
:11:38. > :11:46.and the lifestyle here is a little slower, but so what? It is a nice
:11:47. > :12:01.environment. They did not choose to come to the South West or even to
:12:02. > :12:05.the UK. On 4th August, Eddie Amin, Ugandan Indians were told they had
:12:06. > :12:09.90 days to leave. They had been in the country for almost a century,
:12:10. > :12:16.originally recruited by the British to build Uganda's railways. One
:12:17. > :12:24.third of the refugees find themselves in Britain. Many were
:12:25. > :12:29.bound for old army camps like the former military hospital but once
:12:30. > :12:39.stood on or more. Bill and Hasmita were among them. This is where the
:12:40. > :12:47.camp once stood. We knew that we had 90 days to get out, but we thought
:12:48. > :12:53.he was joking and it would pass. Come September, everybody started
:12:54. > :12:58.panicking. After a long journey through the night, Hasmita's family
:12:59. > :13:06.arrived on 15th October. Which had come early that year. It was so cold
:13:07. > :13:12.that morning! And completely different from where we come from,
:13:13. > :13:19.really, really cold. We were in sandals with no socks on, no coats,
:13:20. > :13:27.no cardigans. When the snow fell for the first time, our parents would
:13:28. > :13:36.tell us, go inside. We did not listen, we just wanted to play. It
:13:37. > :13:40.was so new. It was different. Hasmita has a special reason for
:13:41. > :13:45.remembering the day they arrived. Her mother and sisters did not know
:13:46. > :13:51.it, but she was nine months pregnant. A routine medical check
:13:52. > :13:55.meant she could hide it no longer. As we were queueing up to have an
:13:56. > :14:00.x`ray, I saw a sign on one of the doors which said, no x`ray if you
:14:01. > :14:06.are pregnant. I said to the doctor, I am pregnant. He said fine, set
:14:07. > :14:10.aside and we will check you later. But then the next thing, the nurses
:14:11. > :14:13.got together, the health visitors, they made me sit down and that
:14:14. > :14:32.afternoon, they rushed me to the hospital. Hasmita was brought to
:14:33. > :14:40.Plymouth's Freedom Fields hospital. Houses nice dad in its place. Ware
:14:41. > :14:44.has `` where has the hospital gone? I do not recognise any of this. The
:14:45. > :14:50.hospital might have disappeared but the memories of what happened
:14:51. > :14:59.remain. I do not remember how long I was in labour. The next thing, such
:15:00. > :15:03.a lot of buzz ` it's a girl! A new mother in a foreign country, unsure
:15:04. > :15:08.how her family would react. But Hasmita was not alone. She has never
:15:09. > :15:16.forgotten the kindness she received from one staff member who was
:15:17. > :15:21.present at the birth. It was all so new to me. I can remember talking to
:15:22. > :15:28.somebody and there were so many people, but I distinctive remember
:15:29. > :15:38.Mrs Geary, because she looked at me with those eyes. I cannot explain
:15:39. > :15:44.it. It must have been her next to me because my mum was not there with
:15:45. > :15:54.me. Phyllis gearing was a social worker. For the next few weeks, she
:15:55. > :16:01.became a mother to Hasmita. She'd played a major part when my baby was
:16:02. > :16:05.being born in a new country, all my own hospital. She cleared a big part
:16:06. > :16:14.in my life at that time. `` she played. Phyllis is now 91. She lives
:16:15. > :17:15.here. My little girl. Phyllis, I have some
:17:16. > :17:27.pictures to show you of the baby. That is four months. What are a lot
:17:28. > :17:39.of hair. `` what a lot of hair. Still cuddly, beautiful eyes. Big,
:17:40. > :17:41.big eyes. She is now a successful businesswoman working overseas.
:17:42. > :17:54.Phyllis recalls the day she met Hasmita. She had nothing, as they
:17:55. > :18:03.all did. I got her three pretty 90s, different colours. Do you remember?
:18:04. > :18:13.And some toiletries. Hasmita asked if I could stay with her, which I
:18:14. > :18:20.did. Right until the birth. When the baby was born, they put in my arms.
:18:21. > :18:28.It was gorgeous. And then you had her back again, didn't you? It
:18:29. > :18:35.really was lovely. When it was time to return to camp, Hasmita was
:18:36. > :18:47.anxious about facing her mother. Phyllis went with her. She had a
:18:48. > :18:53.plan. I took the baby from Hasmita, in to see her mother. I gave her the
:18:54. > :19:03.baby and she gave me the most had a full flower, and then I knew all was
:19:04. > :19:15.well. `` you to full flower. And then it was settled. All the fears
:19:16. > :19:20.were gone. Hasmita is planning another trip to the south`west. Next
:19:21. > :19:35.time, with the child that spent her first deer 's `` her first days here
:19:36. > :19:41.on Dartmoor in 1972. We put David Fitzgerald into some
:19:42. > :19:45.uncomfortable situations. He has always risen to the challenge.
:19:46. > :19:49.Tonight, he is in his element, exploring in ancient Dartmoor would
:19:50. > :19:56.land in all its ancient splendour. `` woodland.
:19:57. > :20:04.This is a glorious time of year for a walk in the woods. Autumn brings a
:20:05. > :20:14.final burst of growth and a blaze of colour before winter sets in. I am
:20:15. > :20:17.making the most of it. Here in the Valley is a surviving piece of
:20:18. > :20:23.ancient woodland. Over time, ancient woods have been lost and today there
:20:24. > :20:28.is only a tiny amount left. Less than 2% of our woodland overall.
:20:29. > :20:32.Here, they are trying to bring it back. The structure is simple. You
:20:33. > :20:42.have got Hazell, Birch, Holly, Rowan. I have come for a ramble and
:20:43. > :20:46.I will find out what makes this such a special place. Your Mac and
:20:47. > :20:51.ancient woodland is a woodland that we know has been in existence since
:20:52. > :20:56.1600. In all probability, the assumption is that it was a woodland
:20:57. > :21:01.in 1600 and has remained so over the last 400 years stop the reality is
:21:02. > :21:12.it was probably woodland before that. This does not look like
:21:13. > :21:19.ancient woodland. This is obviously deliberately planted. There was open
:21:20. > :21:26.woodland in the 1960s that was coppiced. It has lost its economic
:21:27. > :21:32.verve. That is why it was cleared and replanted with North American
:21:33. > :21:37.conifers, which are fast growing. We are looking to establish a new
:21:38. > :21:43.future for the site. 50 years on, these trees are in the wrong place.
:21:44. > :21:49.They will not make much money as timber and they cast such heavy
:21:50. > :21:55.shade that native Stri sees `` species struggle to survive. Because
:21:56. > :22:00.the light levels are low, they favour the conifers. All of these
:22:01. > :22:06.seedlings are beginning to develop. If we are not careful, we will just
:22:07. > :22:13.end up with another crop of conifers. We are going to increase
:22:14. > :22:31.the light levels to give native trees a chance to compete. David has
:22:32. > :22:34.some young recruits to help. These children are gathering acorns and
:22:35. > :22:40.other tree seeds to plant in place of the spiny saplings. I do not
:22:41. > :22:49.think that is ready to put in the ground. That one has just popped off
:22:50. > :22:56.the shell. One Oak tree can produce 90,000 acorns and this autumn there
:22:57. > :23:05.is a bumper crop. It is a fantastic autumn as far as tree seeds is
:23:06. > :23:15.concerned for hazel and beech. It is remarkable so many species have
:23:16. > :23:21.produced so much seed this year. And where there are acorns, there
:23:22. > :23:30.are acorns orders, most famously, jays. They are trying to create a
:23:31. > :23:34.winter food store, like a squirrel. We know that they might plant as
:23:35. > :23:39.many as 5000 acorns for an individual will stop how many of
:23:40. > :23:46.those they find and recover to eat is not known, but clearly there is a
:23:47. > :23:50.lot of planting going on. If they recover three quarters of them it
:23:51. > :23:54.does not matter, it means that there are acorns out there waiting to
:23:55. > :24:01.germinate and turn into future oak trees. What are the chances of
:24:02. > :24:08.seeing one? About as much chance as seeing a slow worm. I have a plan, a
:24:09. > :24:17.digital decoy. This is the call of a jay. That is the contact call. I
:24:18. > :24:24.might be able to play this and coax them out of the woodland. They are
:24:25. > :24:31.shy, so they are probably keeping out of the way of these human jays,
:24:32. > :24:44.who are planting the Forest of the future. These mossy trees, which
:24:45. > :24:49.have grown here for centuries, are living proof of how pristine the air
:24:50. > :25:01.is on Dartmoor's eastern flank. In this name, amp world grows and
:25:02. > :25:06.abundance of fun guy `` fungi. They are everywhere, if you know where to
:25:07. > :25:11.look. You must know what you are going to do if you pick them. This
:25:12. > :25:20.is a definite no`no, it is the flyer agaric. They can be poisonous. Best
:25:21. > :25:26.left to gnomes and pixies. The woodland is designated a site of
:25:27. > :25:30.special scientific interest because of these rare lichen. This is
:25:31. > :25:42.Premier League in terms of lichen. This is one of the rarest lichens of
:25:43. > :25:45.all. It was known as lungwort, because it is shaped a bit like the
:25:46. > :25:53.inside of lungs. People believed you could make a remedy for a chest
:25:54. > :25:59.infection. Lichen is made up of two layers of fungus with algae in the
:26:00. > :26:05.middle. There is a broken section here, which you can try if you
:26:06. > :26:15.like. I am not sure I would recommend it. I can imagine it is
:26:16. > :26:19.not nice. I am discovering that bringing the ancient woodland back
:26:20. > :26:25.to both sides of the river cannot be hurried. Ten years ago, the Woodland
:26:26. > :26:28.Trust failed this entire slope of conifers, realising later the
:26:29. > :26:39.mistake. We created a perfect habitat for gorse and other young
:26:40. > :26:44.conifers. That has smothered ancient ground. We have learned that
:26:45. > :26:56.access, clear`felling was the wrong approach to take. These thick
:26:57. > :26:59.woodlands are perfect jay territory, but so far they had not arrived, or
:27:00. > :27:07.so I thought but so far they had not arrived, or
:27:08. > :27:15.two in the trees behind me. Do you hear them call? They are the most
:27:16. > :27:18.beautiful birds, part of the crow family, closely related to the
:27:19. > :27:23.magpie, but their beauty is spoiled by the fact that their voice is
:27:24. > :27:30.appalling. I am wondering if I can food them. `` if I can deceive them.
:27:31. > :27:37.They are there, but I cannot see them. But guess what I have found? I
:27:38. > :27:45.have not seen one of these since I was a child. Be very careful, he is
:27:46. > :27:52.very wriggly! That is a baby slow worm. It is actually a lizard with
:27:53. > :28:01.no limbs. We will put him back where he belongs. Bit by bit, the slow
:28:02. > :28:07.worms and other species that live in this ancient woodland will migrate
:28:08. > :28:13.across the river and turned the on love conifers forest into broadleaf
:28:14. > :28:19.woodland once more. `` unloved conifer forest. The children who
:28:20. > :28:35.planted their acorns probably will see the great oaks grow.
:28:36. > :28:36.That is all. We are back next Monday with more stories from where you
:28:37. > :29:09.live. See you then. Hello, I'm Ellie Crisell with your
:29:10. > :29:13.90 second update. The UK is getting its first nuclear power plant for 20
:29:14. > :29:16.years. Hinkley Point C in Somerset got the go-ahead today. Ministers
:29:17. > :29:18.say it will help lower energy bills but critics argue investment in
:29:19. > :29:21.renewable sources would be better. Meanwhile, N-power has become the
:29:22. > :29:28.third energy supplier to raise its gusts. Dual-fuel bills will go up by
:29:29. > :29:31.over ?100 a year from December. 82-year old Mohammed Saleem was
:29:32. > :29:34.stabbed on his way home from a Birmingham Mosque. Today a Ukrainian
:29:35. > :29:40.student pleaded guilty to his murder. He also admitted plotting
:29:41. > :29:45.explosions. Fears of a mega fire in Australia. Experts say three
:29:46. > :29:51.bushfires in New South Wales could merge into one. A state of
:29:52. > :29:54.emergency's been declared. 30,000 tonnes in six months. That's how
:29:55. > :29:57.much food waste Tesco says it generates. It estimates just under
:29:58. > :29:59.half of all bakery items end up in the bin - it's promised
:30:00. > :30:03.If we are not careful, we will just end up with another crop of
:30:04. > :30:04.conifers. d