:00:10. > :00:14.Hello from the New Forest. Welcome to Inside Out. Here's what is
:00:14. > :00:24.coming up. Cold callers are cashing in on global warming. How not to
:00:24. > :00:26.
:00:26. > :00:31.get your fingers burned on carbon credits.
:00:31. > :00:38.More attacks on arteries as Britain tries to tackle problem diseases
:00:38. > :00:44.and problem pests. If we don't act soon, we will end up with a
:00:44. > :00:49.landscape which is just like a scrub, almost.
:00:49. > :00:56.And underwater archaeology. Unique clues to life in prehistoric
:00:56. > :01:03.southern England. The first waves of colonisation are following the
:01:03. > :01:13.last Ice Age. It is the backbone to British history. This is Inside Out
:01:13. > :01:20.
:01:20. > :01:24.First tonight, we're always told we should your bit to save the planet.
:01:25. > :01:30.So if somebody says you can do just that and make a bit of money, you
:01:30. > :01:36.might be tempted. Welcome to the world of carbon trading. A world
:01:36. > :01:41.that is causing some people to see red over going green. The
:01:41. > :01:46.temperature is rising and the planet is heating up. Experts say a
:01:46. > :01:51.major factor is the production of greenhouse gases, predominantly
:01:51. > :01:56.carbon dioxide. As we try to wean ourselves of fossil fuels, sea
:01:56. > :02:03.levels are rising and vast areas of the Earth are turning to dust. Time
:02:03. > :02:10.is running out. We have discovered a Winchester company cashing in on
:02:10. > :02:14.the planet's pride by ripping off people with carbon credits. Enviro
:02:14. > :02:19.Associates could be damaging an industry which is tackling global
:02:19. > :02:24.warming. There are many ways of tackling climate change. Gone is
:02:24. > :02:30.carbon credits, where companies in effect a make up for the pollution
:02:30. > :02:35.they create -- one hears. A carbon credit is the equivalent of one
:02:35. > :02:37.Cuba tonne of carbon dioxide. The cash paid for it is usually
:02:37. > :02:47.invested in environmentally friendly and ethically responsible
:02:47. > :02:47.
:02:47. > :02:50.project. Indoor air pollution kills 2 million people a year. Projects
:02:50. > :03:00.like this Africa and coke stove which was paid for by carbon
:03:00. > :03:06.
:03:06. > :03:11.credits. -- Pook stove. -- cook. It uses 80 % less would then be
:03:11. > :03:17.regular fire. The accumulative emissions from something like this
:03:17. > :03:19.are huge, all the way across the developing world. The stoves help
:03:19. > :03:25.to prevent the deforestation and cut down on respiratory disease,
:03:25. > :03:30.the biggest killer in the Third World. So, with carbon credits, who
:03:30. > :03:35.is buying them? Usually, it is extremely responsible companies who
:03:35. > :03:40.have already reduced as much as they possibly can internally, and
:03:40. > :03:43.they want to take responsibility for their residual emissions.
:03:43. > :03:49.Everyone from car manufacturers like Land Rover to large
:03:49. > :03:52.supermarkets, down to small businesses and individuals. Carbon
:03:52. > :03:55.finance is making a real difference in the lives of some of the poorest
:03:55. > :04:00.people in the world on the planet today. But where somebody is doing
:04:00. > :04:06.some good, there is always somebody trying to ruin the party. Tony
:04:06. > :04:11.knows all about carbon credits. He was called called by in London
:04:11. > :04:16.company -- called called. You're doing your bit for the environment.
:04:16. > :04:21.Are these people? Absolutely nothing for the environment.
:04:21. > :04:27.Everything to try to enrich themselves as -- at other people's
:04:27. > :04:31.expenses. They are targeting older men, and rarely women. They are
:04:31. > :04:35.targeting older people with money because they believe things and
:04:36. > :04:39.they're more trusting. All the people tend to have savings.
:04:39. > :04:44.there are also quite clever because there is this feel good about
:04:44. > :04:48.helping the environment. Yes, you're helping something that is
:04:48. > :04:52.green, you're helping combat global warming and doing all these
:04:52. > :05:01.wonderful things. Of course, you're not, you're putting huge sums of
:05:01. > :05:11.money into their pockets. Wonderful, thank you very much. Meet Luke Ryan.
:05:11. > :05:15.His very proud of his green credentials. -- he is. It's Luke
:05:15. > :05:19.Ryan. He is director of Enviro Associates, and he's got a great
:05:19. > :05:23.idea to make a lot of money. The Financial Services Authority has
:05:23. > :05:28.recently warned the public to be aware of cold calls from
:05:28. > :05:35.salespeople offering carbon credits as an investment, because it is
:05:35. > :05:38.just too complicated. But that hasn't stopped Luke Ryan of Enviro
:05:38. > :05:44.Associates of Southgate Street herein Winchester from selling
:05:44. > :05:52.carbon credits. One of his salesmen cold called a producer and claimed
:05:52. > :05:57.carbon credits were an investment opportunity not to be missed.
:05:57. > :06:04.still on a promotional offer, �5.50. What will they be worth when they
:06:04. > :06:11.come to sell them? They have to sell at �16, so we could
:06:11. > :06:15.potentially per share prices up, possibly to �14. We believe Enviro
:06:15. > :06:21.Associates and Luke Ryan were misleading us, but over have been
:06:21. > :06:25.floating the prices of their carbon credits. -- by over in plating. So
:06:25. > :06:31.we arranged a meeting with blue choir, he thought we had �10,000 to
:06:31. > :06:38.spend. -- with Luke Ryan. We showed our findings to Edward Hanrahan, a
:06:38. > :06:48.member of the legitimate Cup and Industry. At first, Luke Ryan is
:06:48. > :06:51.
:06:51. > :06:56.difficult to pin down. An expert is not impressed if. That is
:06:56. > :07:03.absolutely not true. He is creating a figure which is 100 times more
:07:03. > :07:08.than the actual figure. Luke Ryan finally gets into his stride and
:07:08. > :07:17.offers are husband-and-wife team a discount of one pound 50 on the
:07:17. > :07:21.retail price of �7. It's not that we couldn't sell them at �7, but
:07:21. > :07:25.surely it is more attractive but bypass 50? So if we have got the
:07:25. > :07:35.opportunity to sell the match by pounds 50, we want to get excited -
:07:35. > :07:35.
:07:35. > :07:42.- sell them at �5.50. What an offer. Credits for that particular
:07:42. > :07:49.projects fell from 25p but town up to about 90p per tonne -- fell.
:07:49. > :07:59.but he is quitting seven how stunned �5.50 because it is a
:07:59. > :08:05.
:08:06. > :08:15.special discount? �7 -- he is quoting �7 down to �5.54. In a
:08:15. > :08:23.year's time, it could be 12, �13. would be absolutely amazed if it
:08:23. > :08:28.was even �5.50 in a year's time. It is not worth that now, it is only
:08:28. > :08:38.worth between 20p and 90p. Just because you're paying that much for
:08:38. > :08:52.
:08:52. > :08:56.something, doesn't mean it is worth bypass 50. -- a -- �5.50. What
:08:56. > :09:00.these guys are doing is asking you to buy it bottle of milk today
:09:00. > :09:03.because there will be a world milk shortage in 10 years' time.
:09:04. > :09:12.Although Luke Ryan makes it clear the sale of carbon credits is
:09:12. > :09:18.unregulated, he says are many will be held at in an account protected
:09:18. > :09:23.by the Financial Services Authority. This is completely untrue. It is
:09:23. > :09:30.something extra to help build a bit of trust and confidence and
:09:30. > :09:34.security with purchasing carbon credits. Nick Ryan has got a lot of
:09:34. > :09:38.upfront claiming the financial- services authority will protect
:09:38. > :09:45.your money -- you acquired. He was previously banned by the FSA for
:09:45. > :09:50.selling shares using high-pressure phone techniques. The FSA said he
:09:50. > :09:56.and his fellow directors would pose a serious risk if they were to act
:09:56. > :10:04.as senior managers in an authorised firm. And then there is this, the
:10:04. > :10:08.internet advert which claims their company is regulated by the
:10:08. > :10:16.Financial Services Authority. The very organisation that has warned
:10:16. > :10:24.against businesses just like his. Enviro Associates agreed the
:10:24. > :10:28.internet advert is misleading, and say they have removed it. They say:
:10:28. > :10:34.They also say they use the services provided by a company which is
:10:34. > :10:44.regulated to emphasise the integrity and validity of their
:10:44. > :10:47.
:10:47. > :10:54.Enviro Associates justified its price market by comparing carbon
:10:54. > :11:01.credits to Milken a supermarket -- price Markup by comparing carbon
:11:01. > :11:06.credits to milk in a supermarket. It makes me very annoyed because it
:11:06. > :11:12.is giving a very bad name to a highly valuable part of the fight
:11:12. > :11:19.against climate change. To create community-based projects that
:11:19. > :11:28.alleviate poverty and deliver real increases in public health. That is
:11:28. > :11:36.what the voluntary carbon market is really designed to do. People are
:11:36. > :11:46.told that they will make fantastic gains and some of them, the victims,
:11:46. > :11:49.
:11:49. > :11:52.their critical faster -- faculty's get switched off. They are blind to
:11:52. > :11:56.anything else, and that is what these guys were riled. Ultimately,
:11:56. > :12:01.as long as people are going to believe the unbelievable, this sort
:12:01. > :12:11.of thing is going to happen. It is disgraceful. They should go to
:12:11. > :12:12.
:12:12. > :12:18.And if you think you have got a story for me, you know the e-mail.
:12:18. > :12:22.Next, the New Forest is one of our most loved ancient woodlands. As
:12:22. > :12:26.the government tries to stop the spread of ash dieback disease, some
:12:26. > :12:30.aspect -- experts are saying more should have been done sooner. They
:12:30. > :12:40.say are other threats to our trees are not being taken seriously
:12:40. > :12:43.
:12:43. > :12:50.They made England green and pleasant. They give first seasons
:12:50. > :12:57.of colour. They have been with us since we were children. And they
:12:57. > :13:03.are even planted in memory of our loved ones. Trees are essential to
:13:03. > :13:10.life as we know it. Every routes, every branch, has an important role
:13:10. > :13:14.to play. There is a hidden threat, something silently killing, often
:13:15. > :13:24.going unnoticed. If we are dead act sooner we will end up with and
:13:25. > :13:25.
:13:25. > :13:33.landscape that looks like a moonscape. Pests and diseases are
:13:33. > :13:39.threatening the very existence of the trees we laugh. This year 4,500
:13:39. > :13:44.trees in Kent have had to be felled and burnt. The cause of all this
:13:44. > :13:47.destruction is the people around three centimetres long. It is
:13:47. > :13:52.called the Asian longhorn beetle and it is thought to have travelled
:13:52. > :13:59.here on wood packaging imported from China. It is not fussy, will
:13:59. > :14:06.go for anything. The only trees that have escaped, eight hectors,
:14:06. > :14:15.are, first, eucalyptus and English oak. Everything else has gone.
:14:15. > :14:19.beetle larvae cause the damage by burying inside the park and eating
:14:19. > :14:23.would -- inside the bark and eating the wood. It is the most
:14:23. > :14:27.destructive tree best UK has had to face. Both the Forestry Commission
:14:27. > :14:31.and Food and Environment Agency are desperate to stop it spreading.
:14:31. > :14:37.They have even brought in sniffer dogs from Austria to hunt down any
:14:37. > :14:43.traces of the insect that may remain. In 2009 we started with
:14:43. > :14:49.detection with dogs. The visual control is not enough for the
:14:49. > :14:53.detection. Why has there been an increase in the number of pests and
:14:53. > :15:00.diseases entering our country over the past few years. Many believe it
:15:00. > :15:05.is due to be allowance of free trade between European Union
:15:05. > :15:09.countries. You have free trade between nations, so the normal
:15:09. > :15:14.strict quarantine rules are modified and slackened, to allow
:15:14. > :15:19.this to happen. You get free trade in goods and services which what
:15:19. > :15:24.Brussels wants, but you get freed - - free trade in pests and diseases.
:15:24. > :15:31.Is the government doing enough? Martin what is responsible for core
:15:31. > :15:36.mating plant health policy across the UK. You are in charge of
:15:36. > :15:43.containing the crisis. We have always had new arrivals, it would
:15:43. > :15:47.be impossible to keep everything out. We consult every year and
:15:47. > :15:52.several new pests and diseases we have found, and we target action
:15:52. > :15:57.against those which cause the most damage. We'd certainly agree we
:15:57. > :16:02.need to get better at anticipating threats. Why not have stricter
:16:02. > :16:07.restrictions on imported plants or material, one of quarantine them?
:16:07. > :16:11.We have to be able to justify any controls, controls or movements
:16:11. > :16:15.between the EU or imports from third countries on the basis of
:16:15. > :16:19.scientific evidence and we have to consult all the stakeholders that
:16:19. > :16:25.might be affected. People were to be able to move plants around the
:16:25. > :16:30.world, import exotic plants, it is not so simple as to be able to stop
:16:30. > :16:36.all trade. But they are importing pillars of our tree population.
:16:36. > :16:41.That is justification, surely? need to make sure we are importing
:16:41. > :16:45.goods without the pests. These pests and diseases are threatening
:16:45. > :16:52.our landscape and commercial woodland. There was a bigger risk.
:16:52. > :16:57.It is not just the tree's health, it is our health as well. Another
:16:57. > :17:02.test is the a procession remark. If it is thought to have arrived on a
:17:02. > :17:06.truce from the Dutch nursery been 2005. If the infested trees had
:17:06. > :17:13.eggs on the branches which are very hard to spot, even with an expert
:17:13. > :17:17.eye. Once hatched the caterpillar produces thousands of toxic tears.
:17:17. > :17:23.They can kill animals, give people a nasty rash, and in rare cases
:17:23. > :17:27.caused much more serious symptoms. You can get severe itching,
:17:27. > :17:31.dermatitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. There are cases where there are
:17:31. > :17:34.schools in Germany where they are frightened to open the windows for
:17:34. > :17:42.their pupils in summer because they are frightened of the toxic tears
:17:42. > :17:46.coming in. In Bromley in Kent there has been an outbreak and this tree
:17:46. > :17:53.surgeon is working to control it. Some trees are completely clean.
:17:53. > :18:02.The tree next to it could have 60, 70 nests. On this site so far we
:18:02. > :18:06.have removed in excess of 1,200 nests. So far it has been treated
:18:06. > :18:09.as a tree on problem so all the actions are being led by the
:18:09. > :18:12.Forestry Commission but on the Continent it is treated as public
:18:12. > :18:17.health issue. If something is treated as a public health issue
:18:17. > :18:22.that automatically increases the political will, the resources
:18:22. > :18:26.available, public awareness, which will then help manage it.
:18:26. > :18:30.Germany the government pays for the removal of oak possession room off,
:18:30. > :18:37.but in the UK if you find a nest in your garden you have to take to
:18:37. > :18:44.remove it. Local authorities have to pay if it is in a public place.
:18:44. > :18:49.Dr Ma but police this cost means action is often avoided. If the
:18:49. > :18:52.government spent a few hundred �1,000 backing 2060 control some
:18:52. > :18:57.infected trees in Ealing and Richmond look at the savings they
:18:57. > :19:01.could have made it has been in this country for six years. If you are
:19:01. > :19:04.taken swift action we would be the situation we're in now. You can
:19:04. > :19:12.always do more and we have to work with it the resources we have
:19:12. > :19:18.available. The action that has been taken on a procession him off with
:19:19. > :19:22.landowners is working at limiting the spread on a now. We don't
:19:22. > :19:29.expect to be eradicated from west London but we are intending to live
:19:29. > :19:33.at the stroke -- bread. Now ash dieback has been discovered in the
:19:33. > :19:40.UK countryside. Maybe it is time to be more vigilant when it comes to
:19:40. > :19:44.protecting trees from unwelcome pests and diseases. Like millions
:19:44. > :19:48.of people in this country I love the native woodlands. I was say to
:19:48. > :19:51.people the way things are going, if you appreciate you wouldn't, one to
:19:51. > :20:00.remember what they look like, you get have a look at them now because
:20:00. > :20:08.the way things are going they will look completely different 20 years'
:20:08. > :20:12.time for. Have you ever wondered what lurks beneath the Solent?
:20:12. > :20:17.Would you believe, a vast ancient world there was once inhabited by
:20:17. > :20:24.humans. Fighter called for me, so we sent John MacIntyre Downer --
:20:24. > :20:32.far too cold for me. -- we sent a MacIntyre down there.
:20:32. > :20:35.These marine archaeologists are heading into the sea and I am
:20:35. > :20:41.filming the dive. It is a rare opportunity to investigate the
:20:41. > :20:45.unique underwater site. The team know they were in a race against
:20:45. > :20:49.time to collect vital clues about the origins of British life. We are
:20:49. > :20:53.heading to the north-west coast of the Isle of Wight, to the site of a
:20:53. > :20:59.settlement that existed 8,000 years ago, when the Continent and Britain
:20:59. > :21:05.were still linked, and the English Channel had yet to be formed. Most
:21:05. > :21:11.of this water was once land. But then the sea level raised and it
:21:11. > :21:14.disappeared under the waves. Divers from the Hampshire Trust for
:21:14. > :21:18.maritime archaeology a working tirelessly to uncover evidence of
:21:18. > :21:23.civilisation, Bury for thousands of years by a protective blanket of
:21:23. > :21:31.sediment. -- buried. In the cold murky Solent waters the site is now
:21:31. > :21:35.under threat because of a regime. Today we are working on the site
:21:35. > :21:39.there was a land bridge to the Isle of Wight and joint to France
:21:39. > :21:48.further down. This is a river valley, there was a campsite near
:21:48. > :21:55.it, people swapping flints for things, hunter-gatherers. They
:21:55. > :22:05.found huts, or kicking things, -- cooking things. The site is about
:22:05. > :22:06.
:22:06. > :22:11.200 metres long. A we will get down, get orientated, and then... Gary
:22:11. > :22:18.has been directing the investigation for 15 years. This is
:22:18. > :22:21.about 30 centimetres deep, and on the base a few more pieces of
:22:21. > :22:31.Mesolithic, middle stone-age work. Quo vulnerable on the floor, this
:22:31. > :22:34.
:22:34. > :22:37.The evidence of this archaeological mystery and a busy first came to
:22:37. > :22:41.light in the 1970s when there was in oyster fishing industry of the
:22:41. > :22:48.Isle of Wight. The fishermen brought up artifacts in their
:22:48. > :22:53.catches, which proved a revelation to the maritime community. I was
:22:53. > :22:56.astonished at the things they will finding, it was another world. I
:22:56. > :23:03.think I have been misled by so many people by the map. You just see
:23:03. > :23:10.blue UN up and think it is a liquid plane. It is hills and valleys
:23:10. > :23:14.under the water. The oyster fishing industry was incredibly boring, and
:23:14. > :23:18.in the winter and cold and wet, and to spice this up anything that came
:23:19. > :23:24.up in the dredge that wasn't an oyster and looks interesting kept
:23:24. > :23:30.us occupied. Did use of thing to lookout. Including this sort of the
:23:30. > :23:33.rich are up Mesolithic flint axes. They gave us the thrill, when you
:23:33. > :23:37.pick one of these out of the dredger, hoping to get it before
:23:37. > :23:43.the jet working alongside you get it, you're the first person to
:23:43. > :23:48.judge that from 6,000 BC, 1000 years ago, still gives me a thrill
:23:48. > :23:53.now, actually, holding it here today. We have arrived at this
:23:53. > :23:58.ancient site which we are about to die for. The idea is city marketed
:23:58. > :24:02.their evidence throughout the day which will help them put together
:24:02. > :24:07.this jigsaw puzzle to find out exactly what charity lived here all
:24:07. > :24:11.those thousands of years ago. The tides and currents of the Solent
:24:11. > :24:15.are notoriously strong. So the dive to have to work in especially
:24:16. > :24:25.challenging conditions. Gary uses an in-built microphone to talk us
:24:26. > :24:30.
:24:30. > :24:40.through what he finds. We have 1,000 think about 10 metres long.
:24:40. > :24:41.
:24:41. > :24:46.It is still lying here after 1000 years. If it was alive today you
:24:46. > :24:50.would see some branches sticking out the water. The tree was part of
:24:50. > :24:57.a vast forest, Gary has brought up pieces of wood to examine back in
:24:57. > :25:03.the lab. Some of it resembles parts of a log boat or canoe, all of us
:25:03. > :25:08.suggesting this was once a significant but building site. --
:25:08. > :25:14.boat-building. But Gary is also interested in taking sediment from
:25:14. > :25:22.the sea bed itself to give us more clues about what went on. It is
:25:22. > :25:32.difficult -- getting difficult than here. The tide has picked up and
:25:32. > :25:34.
:25:34. > :25:41.The fall Gary the results of their dive amount to nothing more than
:25:41. > :25:47.finding a time capsule. We started off here with a layer, Arnold Lunn
:25:47. > :25:51.surface. That is where we are finding the evidence. There appears
:25:51. > :26:01.to be some kind of flood a build-up of sediment, year on year, then
:26:01. > :26:02.
:26:02. > :26:07.going back in time to this one here, 8,100 and. The final inundation was
:26:07. > :26:11.7990 years ago and then you get to a bit beyond here to repeat --
:26:11. > :26:17.reveal this deposit which has got compressed on the seabed. I have
:26:17. > :26:24.got another sample which came with it. This is the same sample, Pete,
:26:24. > :26:34.it is like breaking open a fossil. All these layers of branches and
:26:34. > :26:37.
:26:37. > :26:44.you even get leaves preserved in a stable environment, see how well
:26:45. > :26:54.that has been preserved. It have been buried a few weeks ago. It is
:26:55. > :26:55.
:26:55. > :27:04.compacted, you are not put a bit. That is a bit of Bach. -- Bach. You
:27:04. > :27:10.don't find this on land, this material, this is well under the
:27:10. > :27:13.water in its depths. As well as natural vegetation there are also
:27:13. > :27:22.it -- they are also finding material that has been worked by
:27:22. > :27:27.human hands. This charcoal, the fat lots and lots of it. They have been
:27:27. > :27:33.heating or carbonised in the wood, burning it, so they could Pricket
:27:33. > :27:37.and fashion it said the work there would with a flint tools. The start
:27:37. > :27:46.of the industrial process. Laws of evidence indicating we have got an
:27:46. > :27:50.industrial site. Changes in the structure of the sea bed itself
:27:51. > :27:55.mean the site is now rapidly eroding. The divers need to find
:27:55. > :28:04.out as much as they can before the story of the last people to live
:28:04. > :28:08.It is a site that is revealing information about a period in
:28:08. > :28:12.history we know little about. about the people that came and
:28:12. > :28:16.occupied Britain before we separated from north-west Europe.
:28:16. > :28:26.It is the first waves of colonisation, following the last
:28:26. > :28:27.
:28:27. > :28:31.Ice Age. It is the backbone to John MacIntyre there, last seen
:28:31. > :28:41.heading for a very hot bath. I will see you next week for more stories
:28:41. > :28:41.
:28:41. > :28:43.We investigate the serial fraudster who has been posing as a reality TV