0:00:05 > 0:00:07Hello.
0:00:07 > 0:00:10You wouldn't drive drunk, but would you drive tired?
0:00:10 > 0:00:14She's got glazed features, you can see the muscle tone
0:00:14 > 0:00:16in her face is starting to slacken.
0:00:16 > 0:00:17Really long eye closures.
0:00:17 > 0:00:20Saving our lives but risking their own.
0:00:20 > 0:00:24The junior doctors driving home after night shifts.
0:00:24 > 0:00:29I think it's always just too easy to think it won't happen to you.
0:00:29 > 0:00:33We set off to find her, and we could see the accident
0:00:33 > 0:00:38on the other side of the road.
0:00:38 > 0:00:39Also, stripped and shipped.
0:00:39 > 0:00:41The unlikely British classic being stolen to order
0:00:41 > 0:00:44and smuggled abroad.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47And we hot-foot to it the legendary shoe makers that's shutting up shop.
0:00:47 > 0:00:56Inside Out - we're always a step ahead.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04First, driving tired can be just as dangerous as drink-driving.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07In a recent online survey of more than 1,100 junior doctors,
0:01:07 > 0:01:1041% admitted falling asleep behind the wheel, following a night shift.
0:01:10 > 0:01:20So is it time we all woke up to the danger?
0:01:22 > 0:01:25I know of four colleagues who died within my first two
0:01:25 > 0:01:30years of qualifying.
0:01:30 > 0:01:31All were driving home after night shifts.
0:01:31 > 0:01:34I've got an 11-month-old daughter and I continually worry
0:01:34 > 0:01:36about having an accident.
0:01:36 > 0:01:40I was driving in the slow lane on the motorway,
0:01:40 > 0:01:46then woke up in the fast lane.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49These are genuine testimonies from junior doctors currently
0:01:49 > 0:01:50working in our NHS.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53I almost drove into the back of a lorry when I fell asleep briefly.
0:01:53 > 0:01:57I've also driven up the kerb, which woke me up.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00After seven consecutive nights I fell asleep driving
0:02:00 > 0:02:04home and crashed my car into a concrete pillar.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06In the NHS as it is, there are greater pressures,
0:02:06 > 0:02:12fewer doctors, and it is easy to just keep pushing
0:02:12 > 0:02:17yourself to the absolute limit, until you break.
0:02:17 > 0:02:24A junior doctor in Oxford, Sam Jayaweera is getting ready
0:02:24 > 0:02:26for a 13 hour night shift in intensive care.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28She often works four of these in a row.
0:02:28 > 0:02:32After only a few months on the job, she had a near miss driving home.
0:02:32 > 0:02:36About five minutes away from home, I was on one of the country roads
0:02:36 > 0:02:40and found myself on the opposite side of the road.
0:02:40 > 0:02:44Thank goodness there was nothing coming the other way.
0:02:44 > 0:02:48And in fact, only just last year I was going to a night shift
0:02:48 > 0:02:50and I came across a car which was flipped in the road.
0:02:50 > 0:02:54It was on an unlit country road and it was an another junior doctor
0:02:54 > 0:02:58coming back from their late shift.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02On that occasion, the driver escaped unhurt, but sadly,
0:03:02 > 0:03:06that's not always the case.
0:03:06 > 0:03:10When she came off a night shift, she phoned home
0:03:10 > 0:03:15and said "I'm leaving."
0:03:15 > 0:03:18She had a chat with her mum and explained that the night
0:03:18 > 0:03:19shift has gone well.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22Brian's daughter Lauren Connelly was driving home after her
0:03:22 > 0:03:31first ever night shift as a newly qualified doctor.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35She was a bit concerned about how things might go,
0:03:35 > 0:03:38because it was a new experience for her being in charge.
0:03:38 > 0:03:39And she was feeling quite pleased with herself.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42But nevertheless on the journey back home, she fell asleep.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44How did you find out something had gone wrong?
0:03:44 > 0:03:47Because we were expecting her home, we set off to find her,
0:03:47 > 0:03:49and while we were driving, we could see the accident
0:03:49 > 0:03:59on the other side of the road.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05At the time, junior doctors in Scotland could work up to seven
0:04:05 > 0:04:06night shifts in a row.
0:04:06 > 0:04:12Brian's campaigning has helped cut this to five.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16I'm Lauren's voice now.
0:04:16 > 0:04:17She's not able to speak for herself.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21I think that she did speak up initially, but wasn't able
0:04:21 > 0:04:24to carry that through.
0:04:24 > 0:04:29I'm trying to do it now.
0:04:29 > 0:04:3518 months ago, after a run of night shifts, a junior doctor
0:04:35 > 0:04:37from Gosport was heading home to his pregnant wife.
0:04:37 > 0:04:43Dr Ronak Patel was driving home after a third of three night shifts
0:04:43 > 0:04:45when his car collided with a lorry.
0:04:45 > 0:04:47The doctor who died in a head-on collision probably fell asleep
0:04:47 > 0:04:49according to evidence heard...
0:04:49 > 0:04:54Dr Patel was just 33-year-old.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57I think it's too easy to think it won't happen to you,
0:04:57 > 0:05:02but I think that when you have tragedies that are so close to home,
0:05:02 > 0:05:07like someone who is pretty much exactly like you,
0:05:07 > 0:05:10is, is really, is scary.
0:05:10 > 0:05:12It's something that really does make me think.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15Keen to learn if she is right to be concerned, Sam's agreed to take
0:05:15 > 0:05:18a driving reactions test after working a 13 hour night shift.
0:05:18 > 0:05:24We'll find out later how she got on.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27It's estimated there are more than three million of us regularly
0:05:27 > 0:05:32working through the night in all kinds of jobs.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35Dr Michael Farquhar is a sleep consultant, and teaches
0:05:35 > 0:05:41the importance of rest to newly recruited junior doctors.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44When we work at night, our brains think we should be asleep.
0:05:44 > 0:05:46It's like fighting against jet lag the whole time.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48The teaching that we do is all about making sure
0:05:48 > 0:05:52that we encourage our junior doctors, our nursing colleagues,
0:05:52 > 0:05:57everybody who's working at night, that it's not a sign of weakness
0:05:57 > 0:05:59at all to take rest and breaks when we're working.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02There is very much a hero attitude in medicine and nursing,
0:06:02 > 0:06:05that our own needs come second to the needs of the patient,
0:06:05 > 0:06:11but if you are over tired, fatigued, you are not rested,
0:06:11 > 0:06:14you are not able to give the best to your patient.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18So even though there may be ten patients waiting to see
0:06:18 > 0:06:21in an emergency department, you taking half an hour just to be
0:06:21 > 0:06:24able to have your own time to rest, to break, to combat the fatigue that
0:06:24 > 0:06:27does build up when we are working these type shifts, this type
0:06:27 > 0:06:34of work, is absolutely important.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37In Oxford, Sam's just finished her night shift.
0:06:37 > 0:06:38How you feeling?
0:06:38 > 0:06:40Yes, pretty tired.
0:06:40 > 0:06:41It was really, really busy.
0:06:41 > 0:06:42Quite stressful.
0:06:42 > 0:06:50I cover intensive care and we had a full unit of patients,
0:06:50 > 0:06:52so I managed to grab a cup of coffee about half three.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55I've been pretty much on the go the whole time.
0:06:55 > 0:07:01Before Sam can go home to bed, it's time for her driving reactions
0:07:01 > 0:07:03test at the Transport Research Lab in Berkshire.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06So if you'd like to come through to the simulator and take a seat.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08Simon Tong is in charge of driver fatigue research,
0:07:08 > 0:07:10and will be analysing Sam's performance.
0:07:10 > 0:07:16Fatigue is a huge road safety problem.
0:07:16 > 0:07:22Our own perception of our fatigue level tends to lag behind reality,
0:07:22 > 0:07:26and by the time we've realised it, we could have already made a very
0:07:26 > 0:07:31serious mistake that could have led to a collision.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34We'd like you to keep to 60mph for the whole time, please.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36It's one of those things where I know I'm tired,
0:07:36 > 0:07:40but if I want to get home, if I need to get home, then I would,
0:07:40 > 0:07:41I would get into the car.
0:07:41 > 0:07:44OK, Sam, so the simulator is set up ready for you to start.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47Sam has to drive along a virtual motorway for the next 90 minutes.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50We're monitoring her reactions from the control room.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53So it's lots of blinking, and sometimes you see those
0:07:53 > 0:07:54long blinks, don't you.
0:07:54 > 0:07:58Yeah.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01After just a few minutes, Sam starts blinking more rapidly,
0:08:01 > 0:08:03in a failed attempt to increase her alertness.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05You can tell she is fighting it as well.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07She'll have a moment when she is tired -
0:08:07 > 0:08:10there we go, another one - and then lots of blinking to try
0:08:10 > 0:08:11and clear the sleep.
0:08:11 > 0:08:16You can see with the mouth movements as well.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19After 19 minute, Sam's eyes start to blink more slowly.
0:08:19 > 0:08:23She's having micro sleeps.
0:08:23 > 0:08:27Micro sleep is just a slightly longer blink, up to 15
0:08:27 > 0:08:28seconds in duration, but neurologically it's usually
0:08:28 > 0:08:33an indicator that someone has disengaged from the task.
0:08:33 > 0:08:37Look - oh....
0:08:37 > 0:08:39Yes, she's getting quite bad now.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42And you think at motorway speed, eyes shut for a second
0:08:42 > 0:08:44how far you can travel, what you'll miss.
0:08:44 > 0:08:53Tens of metres can be travelled in that distance.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56Sam's meant to stick to the inside lane for the whole
0:08:56 > 0:08:58journey, but she's struggling to stay on course.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01She just moved out on to the right, then she's almost overcompensated
0:09:01 > 0:09:02to bring it back to the left.
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Yes, that's quite typical when someone's fatigued.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06Their inputs tend to be exaggerated.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08She has glazed features, you can see the muscle tone
0:09:08 > 0:09:10in her face is starting to slacken.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14Really long eye closures.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16Hi Sam, you can now stop the vehicle, so please
0:09:16 > 0:09:17bring it to a halt.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21Test over, and Simon has the results.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24So, one of the key indicators of fatigue is lane departures,
0:09:24 > 0:09:26and today, 69 occasions you left the inside lane of the motorway.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29That in total meant it was almost two-and-a-half minutes that
0:09:29 > 0:09:35you spent outside of the lane you are supposed to be
0:09:35 > 0:09:38travelling the in.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42What's really worrying, though, is the number of times
0:09:42 > 0:09:45that your reaction speed was slower than 1.5 seconds, and therefore
0:09:45 > 0:09:48dangerous, and there were 12 occasions when you failed
0:09:48 > 0:09:52to respond quickly enough.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55On one instance it was 5.5 seconds later.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57Was it really?
0:09:57 > 0:09:58Yes.
0:09:58 > 0:10:04How do you feel when you hear those numbers?
0:10:04 > 0:10:06I mean, that particular one is really shocking.
0:10:06 > 0:10:095.5 seconds, to not brake on a motorway is just -
0:10:09 > 0:10:11I mean, as you say it would cause a collision.
0:10:11 > 0:10:17That's terrifying.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19That's really, really scary.
0:10:19 > 0:10:27Clearly, driving when this tired is dangerous.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29Across the country, junior doctors are working long,
0:10:29 > 0:10:30high intensity shifts.
0:10:30 > 0:10:32Some clocking up 91 hours a week.
0:10:32 > 0:10:33I have regularly driven home pinching myself.
0:10:33 > 0:10:38Biting my cheek, trying to stay awake in slow traffic.
0:10:38 > 0:10:44I've had three accidents over three years, all with vehicle damage.
0:10:44 > 0:10:51Last year, the Health Secretary's controversial new junior doctor
0:10:51 > 0:10:53contract reduced the number of consecutive night
0:10:53 > 0:10:54shifts from seven to four.
0:10:54 > 0:10:56The working week for junior doctors was also cut.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59Tired doctors risk patient safety.
0:10:59 > 0:11:03So in the new contract the maximum number of hours that can be worked
0:11:03 > 0:11:09in one week will be reduced from 91 to 72.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13I think he should be shamed of himself, boasting about that.
0:11:13 > 0:11:17We're asking junior doctors to work nearly twice as much
0:11:17 > 0:11:20as the rest of the population.
0:11:20 > 0:11:24And that's a boast?
0:11:24 > 0:11:26The Department of Health declined to be interviewed,
0:11:26 > 0:11:28but told us they expect the NHS to ensure all staff
0:11:28 > 0:11:35are properly rested.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38We're going to be looking for 40 years of service of a junior doctor.
0:11:38 > 0:11:44But we're not going to get it if they're so exhausted
0:11:44 > 0:11:47they have accidents, like Lauren or otherwise.
0:11:47 > 0:11:57No-one should leave their home and not return from their work.
0:11:58 > 0:12:03Still to come, we say a fond farewell to an Oxford institution.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05All good things come to an end.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08Thank you very much for your custom.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11As ever, love to hear your thoughts about the show, you can drop me
0:12:11 > 0:12:12an e-mail at jon.cuthill@bbc.co.uk.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14Next, the Land Rover Defender.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16The British work horse which has a cult status
0:12:16 > 0:12:17with enthusiasts and car thieves.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21Glenn Campbell investigates.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23Next, the Land Rover Defender.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25The British work horse which has a cult status
0:12:25 > 0:12:27with enthusiasts and car thieves.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30Glenn Campbell investigates.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34Some of these Land Rovers are worth north of ?50,000.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38Lovingly built and tinkered with over decades.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42To their owners, these vehicles are much more than just a car.
0:12:42 > 0:12:44Problem is, to organised gangs of car thieves,
0:12:44 > 0:12:50the Land Rover has become a top target.
0:12:50 > 0:12:52We have a couple of Facebook pages to give people
0:12:52 > 0:12:55information about the club, always somebody coming
0:12:55 > 0:12:58on there, "Please help me, my Land Rover has been stolen."
0:12:58 > 0:13:02I would say it's probably once a week.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06So, who is stealing the Land Rovers and why are they doing it?
0:13:06 > 0:13:12And where are they all going to?
0:13:12 > 0:13:15I had one stolen 18 months, two years ago, just off the drive
0:13:15 > 0:13:16in the middle of the night.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19Someone broke into it, disappeared never saw it again.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23This one now lives in my garage, under lock and key, and everything
0:13:23 > 0:13:29else I've got is well secured.
0:13:29 > 0:13:30They are unfortunately very stealable.
0:13:30 > 0:13:32Stealable, because the last Land Rover Defender rolled off
0:13:32 > 0:13:35the production line in January 2016, and since then this car has
0:13:35 > 0:13:41become the second most stolen vehicle in England.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43When you buy a Land Rover, you're not buying a car,
0:13:43 > 0:13:44you're buying a hobby.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47It's the heart and soul that people put into these vehicles.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50It's not just a car that people drive, it's a car that people love,
0:13:50 > 0:13:52it's a car that people cherish.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54Sometimes it's a car that's been passed down through the family,
0:13:54 > 0:13:57and the impact from these people when they've had it stolen,
0:13:57 > 0:13:59it's like losing your dog.
0:13:59 > 0:14:00It's not nice.
0:14:00 > 0:14:03This Land Rover was the pride and joy of Leicestershire Police
0:14:03 > 0:14:04until the thieves took it apart overnight.
0:14:04 > 0:14:06It was parked outside a local police station.
0:14:06 > 0:14:09But all these stolen Land Rovers have got to be going somewhere.
0:14:09 > 0:14:11So what exactly is happening to them?
0:14:11 > 0:14:14Police say high end vehicles like these Range Rovers
0:14:14 > 0:14:16are being stolen to order and shipped abroad,
0:14:16 > 0:14:25mostly to Africa.
0:14:27 > 0:14:29Older, more vintage models are equally as desirable
0:14:29 > 0:14:32to the thieves because Land Rovers were designed to be simple
0:14:32 > 0:14:33to fix out in the field.
0:14:33 > 0:14:36I think because they stopped making them, the spare parts
0:14:36 > 0:14:37are few and far between.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40However, unfortunately with a box of spanners and an hour you can have
0:14:40 > 0:14:41one in bits completely.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43There's no code stamped on most of the parts,
0:14:43 > 0:14:45so they appear on eBay, and there's a market
0:14:45 > 0:14:48unfortunately for stolen bits.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51John is a Land Rover mechanic from Sussex who was hit
0:14:51 > 0:14:52by the thieves last year.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54As someone who knows Land Rovers inside out,
0:14:54 > 0:15:01I've set him a little challenge.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04The plan is to unbolt parts of a Land Rover until we end up
0:15:04 > 0:15:07with as big a pile of bits and as little Land Rover
0:15:07 > 0:15:14as we can finish with.
0:15:14 > 0:15:15OK, fellas, that's 23 minutes.
0:15:15 > 0:15:1623 minutes gone.
0:15:16 > 0:15:19John firmly believes that his beloved Land Rover was stolen
0:15:19 > 0:15:20to order and cannibalised for parts.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22With the clock ticking and multiple cameras running,
0:15:22 > 0:15:25we'll check back in with John in a while.
0:15:25 > 0:15:27Henry Mowforth is a mechanic on slightly larger vehicles.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29He's a steam train engineer.
0:15:29 > 0:15:30His Land Rover was special.
0:15:30 > 0:15:38It was his wedding car.
0:15:38 > 0:15:41We used it to get from the church to the reception.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43Me and my wife and my son.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46So I used it all the time, because that was my first vehicle.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49Henry's Land Rover was stolen from the car park of the Kent
0:15:49 > 0:15:52and Sussex railway.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54So, if you've seen SSY 841, one steam engine driver
0:15:54 > 0:15:57would love to have her back.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59I was never envisaging getting rid of it.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02That was going to be with me for life, then
0:16:02 > 0:16:04handed down to my son, if he was interested,
0:16:04 > 0:16:05and so on, so forth.
0:16:05 > 0:16:06It is soul-destroying, really.
0:16:06 > 0:16:15You've spent all that time with it, and now it's just gone.
0:16:17 > 0:16:19Car crime is now a high tech business.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21This garage is full of top end Range Rovers.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24The manufacturers fit all of these cars with at least one tracker
0:16:24 > 0:16:27for the benefit of their owners, but the car gangs have
0:16:27 > 0:16:30a trick up their sleeve.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33They are not using one of these - a "magic wand" - to sniff
0:16:33 > 0:16:35the tracker and disable it.
0:16:35 > 0:16:36I'll just turn that up.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38So they will know that there's something in the vehicle.
0:16:38 > 0:16:39A tracker.
0:16:39 > 0:16:40A tracker.
0:16:40 > 0:16:43Now when people steal a car, they will block the signal.
0:16:43 > 0:16:46So they will block any signal coming out of the car,
0:16:46 > 0:16:48take it to somewhere safe, take it to a side road
0:16:48 > 0:16:51or in a unit somewhere, and then when they feel safe,
0:16:51 > 0:16:54they will switch this unit on, and try and find the tracking unit.
0:16:54 > 0:16:59As soon as they find it, it will be disconnected.
0:16:59 > 0:17:02Being one step ahead of the thieves is the only way to catch them,
0:17:02 > 0:17:04and the latest gadget does just that.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06A tiny highly intelligence tracker that can't be sniffed
0:17:06 > 0:17:07out by the magic wand.
0:17:07 > 0:17:10So what is the product that you have come up with?
0:17:10 > 0:17:16What is this secret tracker?
0:17:16 > 0:17:17Well, that is the point.
0:17:17 > 0:17:19I'd love to be able to tell you and show
0:17:19 > 0:17:21you the device, we don't do that.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23It could be anything on the car.
0:17:23 > 0:17:24It's not one particular unit.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26It's well hidden, we don't talk about it.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28It could be in the headlight, it could be anywhere.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30I wouldn't be showing you any specification for it.
0:17:30 > 0:17:38We don't want the thieves to get the upper hand on us.
0:17:38 > 0:17:39And Neil's intelligent tracker is getting results.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42It can run for months and send a signal from inside
0:17:42 > 0:17:43a shipping container.
0:17:43 > 0:17:45Here, police are recovering Land Rovers at Southampton docks,
0:17:45 > 0:17:47just about to be shipped abroad.
0:17:47 > 0:17:50And then here they are again, dozens more being recovered,
0:17:50 > 0:17:54this time in Uganda.
0:17:54 > 0:17:57Now they don't just steal the whole car, they'll take bits of a car.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00There's shots on the internet of a Lincolnshire, I think it is,
0:18:00 > 0:18:02Police Land Rover taken to bits.
0:18:02 > 0:18:03Why do they take them to bits?
0:18:03 > 0:18:05It reduces the risk.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08If you take a whole car and try and sell it or move it,
0:18:08 > 0:18:11that still is that vehicle, it can be identified.
0:18:11 > 0:18:13If you take it apart, it reduces the fact it's a vehicle.
0:18:13 > 0:18:17It could look like scrap, it could look like a few car parts.
0:18:17 > 0:18:18It reduces what it is.
0:18:18 > 0:18:22And of course it is a stolen vehicle.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24Back in John's barn, how was his attempt at stripping
0:18:24 > 0:18:26a Land Rover in under an hour going?
0:18:26 > 0:18:29Was it a case of gone in 60 minutes?
0:18:29 > 0:18:31Now you see it...
0:18:31 > 0:18:33Now you don't.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35Time!
0:18:35 > 0:18:36That is...
0:18:36 > 0:18:37We're done.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40Land Rover stripped in 60 minutes.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42Are you surprised you did it this quick?
0:18:42 > 0:18:43I am quite surprised, yes.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46I don't think I'd want to do it as a business, though.
0:18:46 > 0:18:47No.
0:18:47 > 0:18:48Now put it back together.
0:18:48 > 0:18:49Thank you!
0:18:49 > 0:18:52That would take longer!
0:18:52 > 0:18:55Glenn Campbell reporting there.
0:18:55 > 0:19:01Don't forget we are on Twitter, you can find us @insideoutsouth.
0:19:01 > 0:19:06Finally, I'm resisting the urge to say that our final story
0:19:06 > 0:19:10is a load of old cobblers, but here is James Ducker in Oxford.
0:19:15 > 0:19:17It's often said there's an awful lot you can tell
0:19:17 > 0:19:21about a person from their shoes.
0:19:23 > 0:19:28But then again I would say that; I'm a bespoke shoe maker.
0:19:28 > 0:19:32I've been making shoes by hand for the past 20 years,
0:19:32 > 0:19:37from designing them to hand stitching them.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40In a world of fast everything, I'm proud to be a part
0:19:40 > 0:19:43of a something much slower.
0:19:46 > 0:19:49At Ducker Son in Oxford, they've been making shoes
0:19:49 > 0:19:52in a similar way since 1898.
0:19:52 > 0:19:58But sadly, after nearly 120 years, it's closing.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01So when I found out such an iconic shoe makers as Ducker's
0:20:01 > 0:20:04was shutting up shop, I had to go for one last time before
0:20:04 > 0:20:07they closed their doors for ever.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11My name's James...err...Ducker.
0:20:11 > 0:20:15Apparently no relation.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17Though both our families are from North Norfolk,
0:20:17 > 0:20:20so you never know.
0:20:20 > 0:20:26My namesake was an engineer before turning his hand to shoe making.
0:20:26 > 0:20:30Bob Avery also changed career.
0:20:30 > 0:20:33Before teaching himself shoe making, he was a shoe repairer
0:20:33 > 0:20:38at Woolworths, and before that a bus conductor.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41The ledgers here go back to 1910 and reveal a history
0:20:41 > 0:20:44of the city through its shoes.
0:20:44 > 0:20:52So, each one of those is an order for a pair of shoes.
0:20:52 > 0:20:55This is everything they've had made on their account and the prices
0:20:55 > 0:20:56accordingly at that time.
0:20:56 > 0:20:58So, in today's money 140.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00One pound, eight shillings and sixpence in old money.
0:21:00 > 0:21:03I have no idea what that means!
0:21:03 > 0:21:07Any particular styles you were looking for, or any colours?
0:21:07 > 0:21:10I love everything!
0:21:10 > 0:21:14This is an old fashioned shop, and a lot of the work ethics
0:21:14 > 0:21:17are still old fashioned.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20You don't come in here at nine o'clock and start walking
0:21:20 > 0:21:22out the door at five.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26My wife has come in the shop at 9.30 at night to ask me if I've got any
0:21:26 > 0:21:28intention of coming home.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31So do you think there is a little bit of you in every pair
0:21:31 > 0:21:33that goes out the door?
0:21:33 > 0:21:35You put your mark on every single pair.
0:21:35 > 0:21:41These wooden lasts are the starting point for all the shoes ever made
0:21:41 > 0:21:43here, the footprints if you like of over a century
0:21:43 > 0:21:46of loyal customers.
0:21:46 > 0:21:50My name is George Cawkwell.
0:21:50 > 0:21:53I have about nine or ten pairs of Ducker's.
0:21:53 > 0:21:55Let me slip in here.
0:21:55 > 0:21:57I'm 97.
0:21:57 > 0:22:00You're now going to admire my agility.
0:22:00 > 0:22:06Nobody in my family has ever lived this long.
0:22:06 > 0:22:10These are my beauties.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12Look at them, aren't they lovely?
0:22:12 > 0:22:16Beautiful Ducker's shoes.
0:22:16 > 0:22:22These are very old, these are back into the '50s.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24Tremendous age.
0:22:24 > 0:22:30I came up to Christchurch in 1946.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32I wasn't at all rich, but I got into the way
0:22:32 > 0:22:36of buying my shoes at Ducker's and there was a little man working
0:22:36 > 0:22:40for Ducker's called Laurely.
0:22:40 > 0:22:44And I demurred at the price of a pair of shoes one day,
0:22:44 > 0:22:49and Laurely said where do you get your shoes from?
0:22:49 > 0:22:53I told him Castell.
0:22:53 > 0:22:57She said if you can go to Castell's, you can afford to buy these shoes.
0:22:57 > 0:22:58I liked her directness.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01Those are Ducker's shoes, they must be 50 years old.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04Beauties, aren't they?
0:23:04 > 0:23:06There's a number of people in this world who have
0:23:06 > 0:23:08never been to Duckers.
0:23:08 > 0:23:17They should be imprisoned!
0:23:20 > 0:23:22They are probably...ooh...
0:23:22 > 0:23:23Ten years old?
0:23:23 > 0:23:26But they look as good as new as far as I'm concerned.
0:23:26 > 0:23:27Yes, they look lovely.
0:23:27 > 0:23:29Are you a loyal Ducker's customer?
0:23:29 > 0:23:30I am indeed.
0:23:30 > 0:23:32I first came here as an undergraduate and I came up
0:23:32 > 0:23:34in 1976, and I've been coming here ever since.
0:23:34 > 0:23:37And how many pairs of Ducker's do you think you have?
0:23:37 > 0:23:39I think probably about 30 pairs.
0:23:39 > 0:23:46For some, it's the last chance to own a bit of Oxford's history.
0:23:46 > 0:23:50I just bought a pair of Ducker's and I think you can tell a lot
0:23:50 > 0:23:54about a place from its shoes.
0:23:54 > 0:23:57So in this case Oxford is on a flood plain and there are generations
0:23:57 > 0:23:59of students and dons, fellows of colleges,
0:23:59 > 0:24:02who have been used to walking in and out of colleges and college
0:24:02 > 0:24:03gardens and tramping along the Thames,
0:24:03 > 0:24:06which is just over there.
0:24:06 > 0:24:12And you've got this great proximity of city and countryside.
0:24:12 > 0:24:17It's one of the distinctive features of Oxford, so shoes that Ducker's
0:24:17 > 0:24:20are famous for are rubber-soled, good for the wet, storm welt,
0:24:20 > 0:24:25which is the speed that runs all the way round the shoe that
0:24:25 > 0:24:29stops the water getting in, and what they call a rustic grain,
0:24:29 > 0:24:31which is this embossed look, which is much more
0:24:31 > 0:24:33resistant to scratching.
0:24:33 > 0:24:37So it is at home in town and in the countryside.
0:24:37 > 0:24:45Even though people walk in, it's a lot more relaxed today.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47You never quite know who's going to walk in,
0:24:47 > 0:24:50you never quite know.
0:24:50 > 0:24:52So there is a Baron von Plessen there, and there's a
0:24:52 > 0:24:53Baron von Richthofen there.
0:24:53 > 0:24:54Ah!
0:24:54 > 0:24:56Who actually didn't pay his bill.
0:24:56 > 0:24:57But he collected his shoes.
0:24:57 > 0:24:59Well, yes.
0:24:59 > 0:25:02Descendants of his came in in 1989, they honoured the account.
0:25:02 > 0:25:03Is that what that is?
0:25:03 > 0:25:06That entry is in red there, yes.
0:25:06 > 0:25:08So there's another entry there, look, which you
0:25:08 > 0:25:11may know who that is.
0:25:11 > 0:25:14It's Evelyn Waugh, the author.
0:25:14 > 0:25:17She was at Jesus College, 1912.
0:25:17 > 0:25:20Perhaps the most famous customer is Lord of the Rings author JRR
0:25:20 > 0:25:24Tolkien, who studied English at Oxford.
0:25:24 > 0:25:26So he played football.
0:25:26 > 0:25:28In 1967, another young undergraduate remembers his first
0:25:28 > 0:25:29encounter with Ducker's, which did reveal
0:25:29 > 0:25:36a family connection.
0:25:36 > 0:25:43I think I paid by cheque,
0:25:43 > 0:25:45and looking at the cheque that I gave
0:25:45 > 0:25:48the gentleman who served me, he noted my surname,
0:25:48 > 0:25:50which is spelt in a slightly unusual way, and he said,
0:25:50 > 0:25:55"I remember a customer of that name."
0:25:55 > 0:26:04He got down a large leather bound ledger book and turned the pages
0:26:06 > 0:26:09and ran his finger down them, and said "Hugh Spait".
0:26:09 > 0:26:12Now this was an uncle of mine who'd been at Oxford over
0:26:12 > 0:26:1640 years previously.
0:26:16 > 0:26:18He died soon after leaving so he couldn't have been
0:26:18 > 0:26:28using the shop after that, and the elderly gentleman
0:26:28 > 0:26:31said, "Yes, here it is, and his account is fully paid up."
0:26:31 > 0:26:34And it created a lovely feeling that here was someone who took such
0:26:34 > 0:26:37an interest in the customers of his shop that after over 40 years
0:26:37 > 0:26:45he remembered the name.
0:26:45 > 0:26:47Good morning, Mr Marsh.
0:26:47 > 0:26:48Hello.
0:26:48 > 0:26:49Thank you.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51There's your shoe repairs for you, all done.
0:26:51 > 0:26:52Oh, wonderful.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54Are you a long time Ducker's customer?
0:26:54 > 0:26:57Well, I am and I've passed this shop for 50 years so I'm very pleased
0:26:57 > 0:27:01to be a member of the community here and to even have my shoes soled
0:27:01 > 0:27:02and heeled here as well.
0:27:02 > 0:27:04There we are, sir.
0:27:04 > 0:27:05Thank you so much indeed.
0:27:05 > 0:27:07You're most welcome.
0:27:07 > 0:27:08I'm sorry this is the last time.
0:27:08 > 0:27:10Well, there we are.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12All good things come to an end.
0:27:12 > 0:27:13Thank you very much for your custom.
0:27:13 > 0:27:14Very much appreciated.
0:27:14 > 0:27:15I wish you well.
0:27:15 > 0:27:16Thank you.
0:27:16 > 0:27:21Bye-bye now.
0:27:24 > 0:27:28I've enjoyed every minute of it, still do.
0:27:28 > 0:27:31It's not the fact I'm fed up but I've reached an age
0:27:31 > 0:27:35where I am in God's time.
0:27:35 > 0:27:39Bob, there's little something here for you to thank you so much
0:27:39 > 0:27:42for so many years looking after me and my shoes
0:27:42 > 0:27:45and comes with my great thanks for so many years' association.
0:27:45 > 0:27:47Thank you.
0:27:47 > 0:27:49Completely unnecessary but thank you for your continued custom
0:27:49 > 0:27:52throughout the years.
0:27:52 > 0:27:57I'm only a tiny, tiny part in this legend,
0:27:57 > 0:27:59a tiny part but best to go.
0:27:59 > 0:28:03Best to go while everyone is clapping.
0:28:11 > 0:28:15I think it was Cinderella who said, "A shoe can change your life".
0:28:15 > 0:28:17As they turn the key here for the last time,
0:28:17 > 0:28:21Isobel and Bob would probably agree.
0:28:27 > 0:28:29James Ducker reporting there.
0:28:29 > 0:28:32Always sad to see the old things disappear.
0:28:32 > 0:28:34Talking of which, I will see you next week.
0:28:34 > 0:28:37Bye!