:00:07. > :00:16.What happens when one of the South's busiest roads meets one of the
:00:17. > :00:22.world's busiest landscapes? I can see a worse place.
:00:23. > :00:25.I feel very upset. Also coming up: how people with dementia are using
:00:26. > :00:27.music to help cope with their condition.
:00:28. > :00:31.It makes you feel good to play because they are not worried whether
:00:32. > :00:39.you play the wrong not anything, which happens quite a bit anyway.
:00:40. > :00:42.And butterfly experts and enthusiasts Matthew Oates takes us
:00:43. > :00:48.on a tour of the South. No less than 46 of the 59 species in
:00:49. > :01:00.the UK have been found here. That is mega.
:01:01. > :01:08.First, plans to dig a tunnel to re-route the A303 at Stonehenge have
:01:09. > :01:13.seen some serious opposition not least by the woman who farms the
:01:14. > :01:18.far she has refused to speak out far she has refused to speak out
:01:19. > :01:28.publicly. Until now. We have the story.
:01:29. > :01:39.Stonehenge is one of our top tourist attractions. That noise is the A303,
:01:40. > :01:44.the main route from Cornwall to London.
:01:45. > :01:48.Got 24,000 vehicles a day on this road going up to 30,000 a day in the
:01:49. > :01:53.summer. That is not good for road users, it is not good for local
:01:54. > :01:56.residents or the setting of this world Heritage site.
:01:57. > :02:00.Now a ?1.4 billion scheme to re-route the road through a tunnel
:02:01. > :02:04.and make it a dual carriageway has been given the go-ahead. You would
:02:05. > :02:08.think that was the perfect solution, right?
:02:09. > :02:12.It is a total catastrophe. The plans recommended by highways England and
:02:13. > :02:17.the Government or for an eight metre high flying over just about 300
:02:18. > :02:21.metres from where we're standing. It is a modern scar on an ancient
:02:22. > :02:25.landscape. It breaks my heart. It breaks my heart.
:02:26. > :02:34.So why are they so against the scheme? I have come to watch easy.
:02:35. > :02:40.These artefacts are more than 4000 years old. This dagger is
:02:41. > :02:46.astounding. It is difficult to see but the original had 140,000 tiny
:02:47. > :02:54.gold studs. They were found buried with a bronze age cheating in a
:02:55. > :03:01.grave known... He has become known as Bush Barrow man. The West End of
:03:02. > :03:07.the tunnel is planned to pass close to his grave. These images give us
:03:08. > :03:17.an idea of what is proposed. But what does it look like in real life?
:03:18. > :03:22.I have come to see. This is Rachel. And Bush Barrow is on her farm. It
:03:23. > :03:26.is one of many barrows she looks after. She sees herself as a
:03:27. > :03:30.custodian and has adapted the way she farms around them.
:03:31. > :03:36.Wheatgrass down a proportion of the far end of the farm because there
:03:37. > :03:41.was archaeology. Bush Barrow is in what is known as
:03:42. > :03:46.the down burial cemetery. Is among 40 others here.
:03:47. > :03:50.Bush Barrow is the key monument in this cemetery.
:03:51. > :03:54.Underneath here is still Bush Barrow man.
:03:55. > :03:59.They took all the parts and all the gold and all the exciting bits and
:04:00. > :04:02.pieces, so, yes, it is quite exciting to think that Bush Barrow
:04:03. > :04:06.man are still under our feet. Where is the road going to go?
:04:07. > :04:12.Stonehenge is over there. It will come in a tunnel south of
:04:13. > :04:16.Stonehenge. You can see there, tunnel underneath, it will come out
:04:17. > :04:19.opposite ours where the scores are opposite ours where the scores are
:04:20. > :04:24.on the field. How big a road are we talking about?
:04:25. > :04:28.Massive. For carriageway. People will say you
:04:29. > :04:32.just do not want this on your land. I just think it is just so important
:04:33. > :04:35.that enough consideration is given as to sensitively putting this road
:04:36. > :04:42.in the environment. There's got to be sensitive. Not in front of Bush
:04:43. > :04:48.Barrow man. The high value of gold found in this
:04:49. > :04:52.Barrow make it written's richest bronze Age burial. But there was
:04:53. > :04:56.another place close to the east end of the town of it experts are
:04:57. > :05:04.worried. The damaged by the plan. Until recently, this area of
:05:05. > :05:07.woodland two miles from Stonehenge had largely been ignored by
:05:08. > :05:10.archaeologists. Its true significance is only now being
:05:11. > :05:14.revealed. We have discovered where the
:05:15. > :05:23.communities were living who built the first monuments at Stonehenge
:05:24. > :05:26.under the stone change no. It was about 8000 BC. These communities
:05:27. > :05:33.come back again and again and again all the way through to 4000 BC.
:05:34. > :05:37.This site is not to be the longest continually inhabited place in the
:05:38. > :05:42.UK. David led a team of archaeologists on a date yet in 2014
:05:43. > :05:48.and they found around 32,000 pieces of worked flint and more than 1000
:05:49. > :05:53.pieces of animal bone. But the secret of this place in the water.
:05:54. > :05:57.It is warmed by a natural spring, meaning it's doesn't freeze during
:05:58. > :06:03.the ice age and that brought people to settle here.
:06:04. > :06:10.This is where we have been digging over the last ten years. The basin
:06:11. > :06:15.behind us has got shed loads of this hunter gatherer archaeology in it.
:06:16. > :06:19.So what percentage of those have you actually excavated and found?
:06:20. > :06:24.A tiny percentage. We've got 23 metres square. Everywhere we did
:06:25. > :06:29.here we are finding really important archaeology. It is almost certainly
:06:30. > :06:33.a much bigger complex. There will be a flyover just about 300 metres from
:06:34. > :06:38.where we're standing to the east. There will be eight metres high. If
:06:39. > :06:44.that wasn't bad enough. The road here is going to be banked up
:06:45. > :06:49.another seven metres. All of that logistical work will drain the
:06:50. > :06:52.spring and take down the water table which is preserving all of these
:06:53. > :06:56.objects which are thousands of years old.
:06:57. > :06:58.The road has got to go somewhere, hasn't it?
:06:59. > :07:03.It has got to go somewhere but why does it have to go here? This is one
:07:04. > :07:05.of the most precious landscapes in the world.
:07:06. > :07:11.So what does the man in charge of the road scheme have to say about
:07:12. > :07:15.David and Rachel's beers? My team have visited the site with
:07:16. > :07:18.him to see what he's saying. Across the road from here we have
:07:19. > :07:22.got Bush Barrow and the owner of the land says having the tunnel will
:07:23. > :07:25.actually impact on the world Heritage site.
:07:26. > :07:29.I've met her. We're listening to what she's saying, we're listening
:07:30. > :07:33.to all the other 9000 bits of correspondence we had to
:07:34. > :07:36.consultation. Would you change your plans if it
:07:37. > :07:39.does not work out? We are still in consultation and we
:07:40. > :07:45.are analysing those consultations and taking a view on the best way
:07:46. > :07:50.forward. Earlier this month more than 20
:07:51. > :07:53.eminent archaeologists and historians registered their
:07:54. > :07:56.objections to the scheme. They echoed those of Rachel and Professor
:07:57. > :08:01.Jacks but there are also concerned Jacks but there are also concerned
:08:02. > :08:06.that the tunnel entrance new to Bush Barrow would destroy the views of
:08:07. > :08:10.the winter sunset, now thought to be fundamental to the stone's
:08:11. > :08:14.positioning. The final plan for the proposed tunnel is expected in the
:08:15. > :08:25.autumn. Building work is scheduled to start in 2020.
:08:26. > :08:31.A little later on we will update you on one of the stories we have
:08:32. > :08:34.brought you here on Inside Out. Also under way, our special bond with
:08:35. > :08:45.these little beauties. Butterflies need us and need them.
:08:46. > :08:49.Next, the power of music really can be quite remarkable. As one group of
:08:50. > :08:55.people in Dorset has been finding out. Mark that plays the violin with
:08:56. > :09:01.the Bournemouth University dementia Institute Orchestra. We dropped in
:09:02. > :09:07.on rehearsals. Let's do Bolero. We have got the
:09:08. > :09:21.concert next week on we? We will play this on the concert. Shall we
:09:22. > :09:35.play some music? Top string. So, it goes...
:09:36. > :09:44.Welcome to my Orchestra. Some of us have dementia and some of us are
:09:45. > :09:48.carers. Great. Fantastic. That is Joe and
:09:49. > :09:57.David. Their partners do not come any more but they still join us
:09:58. > :10:02.every week. It is all a bit emotional for me at
:10:03. > :10:08.the moment. I am sorry. I lost my husband a year ago tomorrow. But he
:10:09. > :10:23.loved it, absolutely loved it. Didn't he? That's why I still come.
:10:24. > :10:34.My wife came up until the end of the year. She is too ill now to come but
:10:35. > :10:45.she spent every session just smiling and lifted by the whole thing. Great
:10:46. > :10:48.to see her enjoying it. We have become like a family,
:10:49. > :10:53.really, now. We don't want to give it up.
:10:54. > :10:59.It is astonishing how it brings us all together.
:11:00. > :11:05.There is me and my husband Mike. Can you guess which of us has dementia?
:11:06. > :11:10.That is one of the best things about the orchestra. When we are playing,
:11:11. > :11:14.all of that melts away. You see, dementia is difficult but it does
:11:15. > :11:20.not mean you cannot have fun or take on new challenges. Even the violin.
:11:21. > :11:25.One lady this week, she was thoroughly enjoying it. Her face
:11:26. > :11:34.major turnaround of the guitar. And it was lovely. We are able to chat
:11:35. > :11:43.together and swap, you know, how was your husband? Reassure each other
:11:44. > :11:49.that not alone. What is happening, we are not imagining it, it is part
:11:50. > :11:55.of the problem that we have. Everybody is so nice and also a lot
:11:56. > :12:03.of them are in the same boat as what I am. But luckily, only got its
:12:04. > :12:12.light at the moment. And just keeping my fingers crossed it's
:12:13. > :12:20.doesn't get any worse. It can be very annoying because you try and
:12:21. > :12:27.remember things and unfortunately unless it stands out, I'm afraid it
:12:28. > :12:39.goes to the back of your mind and it can be quite annoying, I can assure
:12:40. > :12:42.you. May she feel good. Because they are not worried about whether you
:12:43. > :12:54.play the wrong note anything, which happens quite a bit, anyway.
:12:55. > :12:58.Hillary also has the early stages of dementia. She does not let it get
:12:59. > :13:04.her down. I was talking to the consultant and
:13:05. > :13:09.I said, I keep losing memory, you know. I can't remember people's
:13:10. > :13:20.names and it is not that bad. I was borderline. And they said, well, and
:13:21. > :13:25.I said, can I have a scan? I said want to know what is going on. Not
:13:26. > :13:29.sitting thinking, I just forget things. And they found that the
:13:30. > :13:38.brain was... Shrinking, did he say?
:13:39. > :13:43.When I see the poor people at the University I think how sad for them
:13:44. > :13:48.because it must be a long time. They don't speak but they can smile a
:13:49. > :13:51.little bit, you know. They don't have a conversation. You just can't
:13:52. > :13:57.realise how they think about it or what they feel. It is just something
:13:58. > :14:07.that is there. Several times through the week
:14:08. > :14:11.Hillary will start chanting. I sleep and think about it. It is
:14:12. > :14:14.not a thing that has happened on the day. We think about it other times
:14:15. > :14:24.during the week. This is the last time. Fantastic,
:14:25. > :14:31.well done, everybody. Today is a big day. We are putting
:14:32. > :14:34.on a concert for a live audience. We perform regularly to prove to others
:14:35. > :14:43.what people with dementia are capable of. Learning, performing and
:14:44. > :14:48.drawing crowds. We might not be the greatest musicians but with the
:14:49. > :14:57.professionals alongside as we do make a good sound.
:14:58. > :15:00.Sometimes it goes wrong and it sounds better, if you know what I
:15:01. > :15:12.mean. And we think, oh, can we keep that in? Inevitably, it will go
:15:13. > :15:19.wrong. Because people are constrained they'd not been through
:15:20. > :15:23.that whole process. But this extraordinary moment of musical
:15:24. > :15:31.magic will come out and things will be brilliant.
:15:32. > :15:36.Uplifting, that is all I can say. It really does a lot for you. Because
:15:37. > :15:43.it makes you forget, or you don't think about what is happening. It
:15:44. > :15:48.has brought me out a lot more. I'm not so withdrawn or anything like
:15:49. > :15:52.that. I'm going to go on as long as I can I don't know what is going to
:15:53. > :15:59.happens I just lived like to the full in that respect.
:16:00. > :16:04.You can't tell from his drumming his ukelele but Richard is the player
:16:05. > :16:07.with the most advanced dementia. If we are doing anything he just
:16:08. > :16:13.sits on a chair, head on a chair, head-on chest and nods. It is just
:16:14. > :16:19.so awful. It can be tough. It can be tough. I get quite emotional at
:16:20. > :16:26.times. I could now but I won't let myself. Just not strong mentally,
:16:27. > :16:32.and that isn't me, but it is the situation we are in. It's not one
:16:33. > :16:37.you expect. It is very debilitating illness. The website everything,
:16:38. > :16:44.wipes all memories. Holidays, nice times you have had, all gone. He is
:16:45. > :16:49.a lovely man. So, yeah, we're just glad to be together.
:16:50. > :16:55.It is a bit worrying for both of us if we see one that is really further
:16:56. > :17:01.on and you think, oh, help. I hope not. Very difficult. You
:17:02. > :17:08.surmise that you are going to be like that later. I try not to think
:17:09. > :17:28.about that. APPLAUSE
:17:29. > :17:32.Finally, it is just over 250 years since the famous naturalist Gilbert
:17:33. > :17:36.White recorded the first butterfly in Hampshire.
:17:37. > :17:40.And that is a good enough excuse to ask expats Matthew Oates to tell us
:17:41. > :17:55.more about these colourful wonders of nature. -- expert.
:17:56. > :18:03.Butterflies captivated me as a child and that fascination blossomed and
:18:04. > :18:06.became my life's work. They have been admired, collected and called
:18:07. > :18:15.it in southern England for 250 years. Each some Al-Qaeda visit as
:18:16. > :18:20.many of the special places in which our rarer butterflies occur. To date
:18:21. > :18:30.as a place of pilgrimage for a naturalist. They are attracted here
:18:31. > :18:34.by the living memory of the Reverend Gilbert White, the forefather of
:18:35. > :18:39.natural history. This is where it all started. The first record for a
:18:40. > :18:46.butterfly in Hampshire was of a male brimstone, seen on the 8th of March
:18:47. > :18:52.1766 by the Reverend Gilbert White, here in Selbourne in Hampshire.
:18:53. > :18:56.White regarded the brimstone as being the harbinger of spring and
:18:57. > :19:03.even today it is a butterfly which people diligently look out for on
:19:04. > :19:06.the first warm days of spring. There are other familiar butterflies. We
:19:07. > :19:17.may not know all of their names but we know them for what they are. The
:19:18. > :19:25.souls of summer hours. I'm talking about garden butterflies like the
:19:26. > :19:28.peacocks, small daughter -- tortoiseshell. Many of them are
:19:29. > :19:37.specialists of central southern England. The dazzling names and
:19:38. > :19:40.belonged to strange named families like the skippers, which are fiery
:19:41. > :19:53.darts that was around at great speed. A rather elusive one. On the
:19:54. > :20:02.Downs there are the exquisite blues, beautiful blue butterflies. And in
:20:03. > :20:07.the woods, the big, bold and brassy ones. Many of these butterflies are
:20:08. > :20:12.really quite rare and restricted to certain places due to their specific
:20:13. > :20:17.needs and some of those places have become our nature preserves. Just
:20:18. > :20:24.outside the village of Selbourne is this nature reserve, which is one of
:20:25. > :20:29.the richest and best loved butterfly localities in the British Isles. No
:20:30. > :20:34.less than 46 of the 50 species of butterfly that have recorded
:20:35. > :20:46.regularly in the UK have been found here within the last 40 years. That
:20:47. > :20:51.is mega. Butterflies love hot sunny weather in spring and summer. 40
:20:52. > :20:57.years ago of course it was the long hot summer of 1976 and be briefly
:20:58. > :21:01.experienced the Mediterranean climate. The butterflies that year
:21:02. > :21:07.and found it. They are creatures of the sun. One particular sun loving
:21:08. > :21:15.speciality is stand-up Nortel during the spring. Grace, the Duke of
:21:16. > :21:18.Burgundy. I've spent many years studying this little butterfly. It
:21:19. > :21:23.is a bug and a bully boy but it is one of my favourites. If you spend
:21:24. > :21:30.carefully you may find the chick and carefully you may find the chick and
:21:31. > :21:35.the Duchess together. As soon as she is ready to fly, the Duchess of
:21:36. > :21:41.Burgundy will gravitate into a male territory. There she will be
:21:42. > :21:47.ardently and instantly mated. There is no courtship in this species
:21:48. > :21:54.whatsoever. Crucially, each species of butterfly needs a certain plants
:21:55. > :22:10.PCs on which to latex. And how Grace needs cowslips and primroses. Here
:22:11. > :22:15.in the Forest, the Duke of Burgundy became extinct three or four decades
:22:16. > :22:22.ago but for about 150 years, the new Forest was the Premier locality in
:22:23. > :22:26.Britain for butterfly collecting. And the old collectors during the
:22:27. > :22:31.Victorian and Edwardian era is in particular and way into the 1950s
:22:32. > :22:38.and early 1960s, used to come here in droves. Particularly in July.
:22:39. > :22:48.the silver washed to Tillery and the the silver washed to Tillery and the
:22:49. > :22:59.cream-coloured ones. And they collected draw. The Cabinet. And
:23:00. > :23:05.they reside still in museums today. Servicing the collecting obsession
:23:06. > :23:11.was a major local industry in the forest for about 150 years in terms
:23:12. > :23:18.of providing board and lodging, food and drink, transport and guides and
:23:19. > :23:28.also dealers and breeders who sold unusual specimens dead or alive too
:23:29. > :23:32.often rather gullible collectors. In bygone days, many of the new Forest
:23:33. > :23:43.Woods looked like this. Butterfly paradise.
:23:44. > :23:50.After the First World War, many of the new Forest Oak Woods were felled
:23:51. > :23:56.and be placed with fast-growing non-native conifers in their
:23:57. > :23:59.glorious cultural experiment of which have butterflies were
:24:00. > :24:07.unscheduled victims. The coroner for woods are too shady and otherwise
:24:08. > :24:12.unsuitable for most butterflies. National policy has now changed,
:24:13. > :24:17.gloriously. The policy to restore broad leave woodland long-term and
:24:18. > :24:24.also to remove altogether some conifer plantations and restore the
:24:25. > :24:33.land to open heathland. The open eaves of the new Forest are renowned
:24:34. > :24:38.for their specialist flora and fauna which includes the exquisite
:24:39. > :24:43.minuscule silver studded blue a South park jewel of a little
:24:44. > :24:51.butterfly. There is much we can do to help our garden butterflies.
:24:52. > :24:56.These are highly mobile creatures that drift around the countryside
:24:57. > :25:00.and the towns constantly seeking new places in which to breed and it is
:25:01. > :25:06.really important to give them feeding stations along their way.
:25:07. > :25:13.And there is no better way of doing it than by grabbing but he is.
:25:14. > :25:23.Growing this type of flower. There are even tiny patio varieties and
:25:24. > :25:28.they work. They attract butterflies and at night, moths. Mobility is
:25:29. > :25:29.everything to butterflies and wildlife friendly gardening really
:25:30. > :25:48.does help that. Butterfly populations boom and bust
:25:49. > :25:53.and ebb and flow according to the weather. But if we have learned
:25:54. > :25:58.anything about butterflies, if the last 250 years, it is that we love
:25:59. > :26:03.them, we care deeply about them. We value them for their beauty, for the
:26:04. > :26:20.special places they take us to and as symbols of freedom. Butterflies
:26:21. > :26:25.need us and we need them. Feels like spring is finally here.
:26:26. > :26:28.Just before we go time for an update on some of the stories we have
:26:29. > :26:35.brought you recently. I remember the intensive care unit.
:26:36. > :26:39.Inside Out cameras were there when Inside Out cameras were there when
:26:40. > :26:43.Meg Williamson came face to face with the driver who killed her
:26:44. > :26:49.boyfriend. Lewis Stratford crashed through the central reservation
:26:50. > :26:53.whilst on his mobile phone. Earlier this month, Stratford, who had
:26:54. > :26:56.pleaded guilty to causing death by dangerous driving, was sentenced to
:26:57. > :27:02.three years and eight months in prison. He was banned from driving
:27:03. > :27:06.for nearly five years. Two weeks ago we revealed how some park home
:27:07. > :27:12.owners were paying extra for maintenance charges because of
:27:13. > :27:15.illegal the poll. -- a legal loophole. Last week that was a
:27:16. > :27:19.they have to pay 10% commission to they have to pay 10% commission to
:27:20. > :27:25.their site owner when they sell their home.
:27:26. > :27:30.We have retired people. We shouldn't have to pay all this money out.
:27:31. > :27:35.The results of a recent meeting between MPs and the Housing Minister
:27:36. > :27:40.about possible changes to the law will be published soon. In January,
:27:41. > :27:44.Professor Gray was on a mission to get us walking our way back to
:27:45. > :27:49.health. He is convinced regular daily exercise will also reduce
:27:50. > :27:52.pressures on the NHS. Call centre worker Dave was one of the
:27:53. > :27:57.volunteers to accept a challenge. The man's son he is still walking.
:27:58. > :28:03.He has lost barely two stone in weight and is loving his new
:28:04. > :28:09.healthier lifestyle. And finally, remember the former circus tiger?
:28:10. > :28:13.Last yet we followed her as she was brought over from a Belgian rescue
:28:14. > :28:18.centre. She settled in and put on weight. Carolyn is one of the team
:28:19. > :28:22.at the zoo. She has been doing really well. Her
:28:23. > :28:27.personality is really starting to show now and we're getting to know
:28:28. > :28:33.every unique cat. Complete the difference to the cat but arrived.
:28:34. > :28:39.That is it for now and indeed for the series. We are back on BBC One
:28:40. > :28:45.in the autumn. Until then, goodbye. Do not forget, get in touch via
:28:46. > :28:49.e-mail or twitter if there is something you would like us to look
:28:50. > :28:57.into. The details are on the screen. We are already out and about across
:28:58. > :29:00.the South building for -- filming for the new series and it is always
:29:01. > :29:02.great to hear from you.