:00:00. > :00:00.Tonight, an extraordinary peek into the hidden
:00:00. > :00:09.It's just like a normal relationship except I get
:00:10. > :00:19.I don't see it as exploitative because for the students there is no
:00:20. > :00:31.anticipated sexual relationship. I've never opened it until today, I
:00:32. > :00:34.am now ready to find out about Grandad. Shall we open the box?
:00:35. > :00:52.How far would you go to raise a few extra quid?
:00:53. > :00:55.For many students, debt has become a way of life and more and more
:00:56. > :00:58.of them are turning to sex work like pole dancing and stripping
:00:59. > :01:09.And now there's something new, sugar dating.
:01:10. > :01:13.We've used it for years to sweeten the unpalatable.
:01:14. > :01:21.The language implies it's something sweet and lovely, fluffy.
:01:22. > :01:25.The world of sugar dating has arrived in the West.
:01:26. > :01:30.It's a world where women are called Sugar Babies and men Sugar Daddies.
:01:31. > :01:44.I think at one end of the scale it's bordering on prostitution
:01:45. > :01:46.at the other it can be genuinely philanthropic.
:01:47. > :01:50.It started in America as a way for students to pay off their debt.
:01:51. > :01:56.You don't want to be in debt for life, this is the Greek Cilic
:01:57. > :01:59.quickest and easiest way for most people.
:02:00. > :02:03.prostitution bad for students' health?
:02:04. > :02:06.When I was at university I didn't know of anyone who worked
:02:07. > :02:12.But go online now and it's very different.
:02:13. > :02:15.There are a number of websites where students advertise
:02:16. > :02:23.They's a type of online dating site with one big difference.
:02:24. > :02:25.The man pays the woman for her company.
:02:26. > :02:28.If I'm to find a student who does this, it seems a good place
:02:29. > :02:45.I contact more than 300 people by e-mail.
:02:46. > :03:03.Finally someone agrees to go on camera.
:03:04. > :03:06.Coco lives in a bedsit in Gloucester.
:03:07. > :03:08.She dropped out of her college course last year because she
:03:09. > :03:12.She now works two jobs as well as sugar dating
:03:13. > :03:14.and is saving up to go back to her studies.
:03:15. > :03:19.I work as a carer as well as a stripper and then
:03:20. > :03:25.It's quite fun, it's all different things in one go.
:03:26. > :03:31.It seems a world away from her student life and I wonder
:03:32. > :03:37.We're going back to her old college, it's a chance to find out more.
:03:38. > :03:45.How long have you been a sugar baby for?
:03:46. > :03:57.Yeah, I do sometimes, but sometimes I can't be bothered.
:03:58. > :04:04.You know when you're like in a mood when you don't want to see anyone,
:04:05. > :04:12.trying to like, make someone happy even if you're not happy.
:04:13. > :04:19.So what does being a sugar baby actually involve?
:04:20. > :04:21.I see it more of a relationship slash arrangement
:04:22. > :04:24.where you get a certain amount of money involved and you get it
:04:25. > :04:27.like weekly or monthly and it depends on the arrangements and also
:04:28. > :04:31.And what about your sugar daddy, tell me about him.
:04:32. > :04:34.I don't really know much when it comes to his personal life
:04:35. > :04:37.but other things like his job and what he likes and what he
:04:38. > :04:40.doesn't like, that I know, I just try not to get involved
:04:41. > :04:52.When I don't get to see him I get ?500 a month,
:04:53. > :04:56.or when I do see him I get ?1,000 a month and maybe treats too.
:04:57. > :05:02.It's for being with him really, spending time
:05:03. > :05:05.Coco is one of a growing number of young people
:05:06. > :05:08.who are funding their education in this way.
:05:09. > :05:11.A recent study by Swansea University found that 4.8% of UK students
:05:12. > :05:18.So who would pay someone for a sugar relationship and why?
:05:19. > :05:20.For months now I've been trawling the internet,
:05:21. > :05:25.contacting dozens of men who advertise online
:05:26. > :05:30.Finally one of them has agreed to meet me
:05:31. > :05:32.on condition we protect his identity.
:05:33. > :05:34.This is "Darren", that's not his real name and this
:05:35. > :05:42.Something along the lines of '40 something businessman
:05:43. > :05:50.with his own hair and teeth would like to meet
:05:51. > :05:52.female for sugar daddy friendship and relationship.
:05:53. > :05:55.If there is money changing hands and sex did you see it
:05:56. > :06:19.Is that not innocents exploiting women who are really in need?
:06:20. > :06:21.I wouldn't know where else to go other than sitting night
:06:22. > :06:29.I would not know how to meet these people otherwise.
:06:30. > :06:32.I don't see it as exploitative because for the students there's no
:06:33. > :06:43.How would you feel if one of your daughters wanted to be a sugar baby
:06:44. > :06:49.when they were at university to help support them through their studies?
:06:50. > :06:53.I would be distraught, because that should be my role, not as a sugar
:06:54. > :07:00.daddy, it should be my role to support them through university.
:07:01. > :07:01.Darren's left me with more questions.
:07:02. > :07:03.He maintains not every sugar relationship involves sex,
:07:04. > :07:08.Is there an expectation that you will have sex at some point
:07:09. > :07:16.Yeah I mean for me it's just like a normal relationship, the only
:07:17. > :07:25.And it is guaranteed that I get money, you can't say no to me when
:07:26. > :07:32.it comes to money. Maybe I want to go on holiday once in a while, I
:07:33. > :07:33.need to pay my bills, if they say no, I'll keep searching, that's not
:07:34. > :07:36.what I want. Is it dangerous to make them
:07:37. > :07:38.think they're in control It's very dangerous, trust me,
:07:39. > :07:44.you've no idea some things It's very dangerous,
:07:45. > :07:48.they think you're their slave, you're their pet, so they can
:07:49. > :07:50.do whatever they want. The leading website for sugar
:07:51. > :07:56.dating claims to have more 160,000 of these, it says,
:07:57. > :08:03.are students in the UK. With average student debt now
:08:04. > :08:07.running at ?44,000 it's easy to see why some turn to sugar dating
:08:08. > :08:10.as a way to earn money. But what psychological effect
:08:11. > :08:13.could that have on them? I'm meeting a psychologist
:08:14. > :08:15.who's been researching the effect of student debt
:08:16. > :08:19.for the last 20 years. How have things changed over
:08:20. > :08:24.that period of time? Well, certainly, as debt
:08:25. > :08:26.has mushroomed so has the proportion of people who now
:08:27. > :08:28.openly admit to working What do you think of websites
:08:29. > :08:33.that may entice students Clearly they're preying
:08:34. > :08:50.on a vulnerable population and like throughout the whole
:08:51. > :08:52.history of the world, the rich and powerful prey on the weak,
:08:53. > :09:07.the poor and the vulnerable and this Language implies that it is
:09:08. > :09:12.something sweet and lovely, language has a great ability to disguise what
:09:13. > :09:16.is going on, it is exchanging services for money.
:09:17. > :09:20.And what's the response been by universities to that?
:09:21. > :09:23.It's been really, I would even go as far as to say,
:09:24. > :09:27.ignore it, to try and brush it under the carpet, take no notice of it,
:09:28. > :09:31.But there's good reason to think enough exposure to the sex industry
:09:32. > :09:33.is generally not good for people's mental health at that
:09:34. > :09:35.level alone there should be at the very least,
:09:36. > :09:37.advice, guidance, help, sources of support sexual
:09:38. > :09:41.We contacted all five universities in the West Country to find out
:09:42. > :09:50.if they offered any help or advice for students involved in this.
:09:51. > :09:53.Only one acknowledged that students are working in the sex industry
:09:54. > :09:57.and none had any support available for those that are.
:09:58. > :10:01.Tuition fees are set to rise this year, and so the temptation of sugar
:10:02. > :10:03.dating, with its promise of easy money, may be hard for some
:10:04. > :10:14.As Coco gets ready to go out and spend some
:10:15. > :10:17.of her hard earned cash, she reveals there is a price.
:10:18. > :10:22.It does make me feel really down sometimes,
:10:23. > :10:29.being a sugar baby gives you like a stigma.
:10:30. > :10:31.People call you names, people look at you differently,
:10:32. > :10:45.its selling yourself but for more people it's more like prostitution.
:10:46. > :10:48.David Garmston knew his grandfather fought in the First World War
:10:49. > :10:51.but the details are sketchy and he has few memories
:10:52. > :10:55.Then the time came to find out more and it all started
:10:56. > :11:09.Frederick West collapsed in the dock as the murder charges were read.
:11:10. > :11:12.Born and bred in Bristol David Garmston has reported on the biggest
:11:13. > :11:19.stories in the West for more than 30 years. Having made several TV pieces
:11:20. > :11:23.marking the centenary of the First World War David wanted to learn more
:11:24. > :11:29.about wartime experiences of his grandfather, George dear bold. War
:11:30. > :11:32.has affected hundreds of thousands of families, I knew that my
:11:33. > :11:37.grandfather went to war and my dad did but my grandfather died when I
:11:38. > :11:42.was a teenager so I only knew him as an elderly man. He didn't talk about
:11:43. > :11:44.the war and now sadly they are gone, perhaps it's time to look back, to
:11:45. > :11:53.find out about the sacrifices they have made. David's anti-choice
:11:54. > :11:59.remembers George well. They are meeting to look at a collection of
:12:00. > :12:04.artefacts from George's life. Anti-choice, we are going on an
:12:05. > :12:09.adventure today, looking through grandpa's stuff. This is the tin, I
:12:10. > :12:13.got it just after mum died and I didn't want to do any memories, I've
:12:14. > :12:15.never opened it until today. I'm ready now to find out about grandpa.
:12:16. > :12:23.Shall we open the box? Yes. Right, Shall we open the box? Yes. Right,
:12:24. > :12:32.in uniform? Smart, wasn't he? He was in uniform? Smart, wasn't he? He was
:12:33. > :12:35.a nice chap. I remember he always had a dent in his chin. That's where
:12:36. > :12:41.he was shot. This picture somewhere he was shot. This picture somewhere
:12:42. > :12:47.of him with a bandage. At the Somme? Another inch and I would not have
:12:48. > :12:53.been here! True. He never said a word. A very unassuming type of
:12:54. > :13:01.person. Also limiting is George's birth certificate which has thrown
:13:02. > :13:04.up intriguing facts. His dad was Jacob, and he's got, rancour or
:13:05. > :13:12.profession of father, street musician. Did you know that? Ask --
:13:13. > :13:17.rank or profession. I am rather proud of that. Next time I pass a
:13:18. > :13:21.busker I've got to give some money! That's not the only revelation about
:13:22. > :13:33.David 's ancestry. I'm told that his dad was German. And 2-mac you kept
:13:34. > :13:40.that quiet, anti-choice. So his dad was German and grandpa was fighting
:13:41. > :13:44.the Germans. It happens. Wow. I didn't know that. David 's
:13:45. > :13:50.grandfather was a part-time soldier in one of the two Bristol
:13:51. > :13:55.territorial units, the Fourth Gloucesters. This archive footage
:13:56. > :13:58.which probably features George, shows the unit at Temple Meads
:13:59. > :14:04.station the day before war was declared. And early the following
:14:05. > :14:13.year he was posted to Belgium where David is beginning his journey. This
:14:14. > :14:19.is Lancashire cottage Cemetery in Flood Street and we are probably 400
:14:20. > :14:23.metres behind the front line services where your grandfather
:14:24. > :14:32.to June. A long way from Bristol. to June. A long way from Bristol.
:14:33. > :14:37.Very different. And here we have some folk Gloucester Regiment. These
:14:38. > :14:43.are men from the same battalion as a grandfather. So he knew them. I want
:14:44. > :14:48.to talk about this young man, you can see he's young, 17. I have a
:14:49. > :14:54.battalion war diary, each unit kept a diary of what happened day-to-day.
:14:55. > :15:00.Two rifle grenades fell in A company's trenches. Private badman
:15:01. > :15:04.died in the night. I would say that your grandfather would have
:15:05. > :15:09.certainly known him. He lived in Alma Street, 200 yards from where
:15:10. > :15:14.your grandfather lived. He might have seen this young lad playing in
:15:15. > :15:21.the road as a kid. Bristol is a small place now so a hundred years
:15:22. > :15:26.ago it was much smaller. Sure. He may well even have attended his
:15:27. > :15:34.funeral. Sobering, isn't it? Poor Oliver. So having been a Saturday
:15:35. > :15:40.soldier at home this is where it goes from being the game to being
:15:41. > :15:44.reality. After this introduction to the front line, over the next three
:15:45. > :15:48.years, George and the Gloucesters would be in some of the bloodiest
:15:49. > :15:50.battles of the conflict. David and Jeremy are following the trail south
:15:51. > :16:04.into France. Jeremy, you've found the most does
:16:05. > :16:11.little that of France. This is luxury compared to how it was a
:16:12. > :16:14.hundred years ago! Where are we? We are about 15 miles east of the
:16:15. > :16:20.battlefield of the Somme, the main battlefield. Jeremy, describe how
:16:21. > :16:27.this might have looked in April 1917? In many ways, pretty similar.
:16:28. > :16:33.I have an error still taken from a couple of months later, just one
:16:34. > :16:39.line of trenches, -- and aerial picture. All of these fields are
:16:40. > :16:46.pretty much blood soaked with British loss, something you couldn't
:16:47. > :16:54.imagine. In the heart of the Somme battlefield is the memorial. This
:16:55. > :17:04.commemorates over 72,000 men, the missing of the Somme with no known
:17:05. > :17:07.grave. Jeremy is showing David the panels of the Gloucestershire
:17:08. > :17:24.Regiment, which includes a familiar surname. Theobald. A. Bunker this is
:17:25. > :17:28.George's brother, Arthur. He was killed close to the spot where David
:17:29. > :17:35.just visited, he was 23 and his body was never found. He's one of the
:17:36. > :17:42.missing of the Somme. Sergeant Major. You should be proud. Clearly
:17:43. > :17:46.a leader of men who pretty much passed through where we are
:17:47. > :17:55.standing. I wonder what impact that would have had on my grandad. He
:17:56. > :18:01.talked about his loathing of the Germans,. Well he was fighting them
:18:02. > :18:09.and also they killed his younger brother, so it's no wonder, really.
:18:10. > :18:15.He never said. And you had no idea? I had absolutely no idea he'd lost
:18:16. > :18:23.younger brother. Poor devil. I do feel quite emotional, a great uncle
:18:24. > :18:27.of mine is one of the ones unlucky enough to get killed, unlucky enough
:18:28. > :18:34.not to have a proper burial, out there somewhere. I do feel proud
:18:35. > :18:39.that at 23 he'd reached the rank that he did, Company Sergeant Major.
:18:40. > :18:44.Not an officer, nothing posh, but somebody who would have been
:18:45. > :18:48.respected. Although his brother did not survive the war, George made it
:18:49. > :18:59.home and returned to civilian life in Bristol. David is finishing his
:19:00. > :19:03.journey at the gate in Ypres close to where his grandfather fought to
:19:04. > :19:07.reflect on his family's Second World War experiences- First World War
:19:08. > :19:12.experiences. I think what hits you sure it is just the scale of it, it
:19:13. > :19:19.has been fascinating following in the footsteps of my grandpa on his
:19:20. > :19:23.wartime journey. But this is for people, the names on the wall here,
:19:24. > :19:27.55,000 of them, boys who didn't get home like my great uncle, Arthur,
:19:28. > :19:34.who didn't become fathers and grandfathers. And these people are
:19:35. > :19:37.saying, don't forget what we went through, don't make the same
:19:38. > :19:51.mistakes again. Remember our sacrifice.
:19:52. > :20:07.If David's inspired you to trace your own ancestors' war stories,
:20:08. > :20:11.Jeremy Banning's top tips to getting started
:20:12. > :20:16.Jeremy Banning's top tips to getting started are on our Facebook page.
:20:17. > :20:19.Bats, how is it they can fly in the pitch dark,
:20:20. > :20:21.at ridiculous speeds, and never collide?
:20:22. > :20:24.Well, if we can find the answer to that
:20:25. > :20:28.it could have huge implications for the future of robotics.
:20:29. > :20:50.I'm in Long Ashton just outside Bristol on a lovely warm summer's
:20:51. > :20:54.evening. I've been told to look for a pond a bit further down this path
:20:55. > :21:02.and I've been told to get there just before it gets dark. I'm meeting
:21:03. > :21:09.Professor Mark Holder Reid, a biologist at the University of
:21:10. > :21:19.Bristol. Hi mark-up. Wow, look at all this. It's a perfect evening for
:21:20. > :21:24.bats tonight, lots of insects out already. Mark is carrying out a
:21:25. > :21:28.unique survey of bad behaviour, studying them while they are on the
:21:29. > :21:35.wing, hunting for insects. This research will then be used to
:21:36. > :21:37.programme robots. To capture this mark has placed super-sensitive
:21:38. > :21:44.recording equipment around the pond which will locate the bats as they
:21:45. > :21:53.navigate their way in the dark. And I am hoping to film it. As the light
:21:54. > :22:03.comes down, insects begin to congregate over the surface of the
:22:04. > :22:09.water, perfect conditions for bats. Listen to this, beautiful. What we
:22:10. > :22:15.are hearing other pulses of noise which bats emit by listening to the
:22:16. > :22:27.echo of these sounds, they build up a map of their own surroundings.
:22:28. > :22:32.That was almost following a rhythm. You can see when it speeds up, it's
:22:33. > :22:40.approaching an insect. I don't think we've heard a capture yet. The
:22:41. > :22:45.rhythm is the wing beat. The pauses between the calls of the time it
:22:46. > :22:54.takes for this Arteta to produce one wing beat. -- for this bat. To
:22:55. > :23:02.capture the best bat action I am switching my camera to infrared. Now
:23:03. > :23:09.I look like that! And with high-powered infrared floodlights I
:23:10. > :23:15.can now see the pond quite clearly. There it is! Right in front of us.
:23:16. > :23:29.Starting just above the surface of the water, a Daubenton's bat looking
:23:30. > :23:33.for a midday meal. What Mark is hoping for our two bats flying close
:23:34. > :23:42.together, following the same flight path. We are here tonight because
:23:43. > :23:48.the activity of bats is really high and that allows us to understand
:23:49. > :23:53.their swarm movement rules come innocence, their traffic rules, how
:23:54. > :23:59.they avoid crashing into each other. Like bats all animals that move
:24:00. > :24:03.together in flocks, Hertz, or shoals, use something called swarm
:24:04. > :24:12.intelligence. And whether it is ants or fish, its behaviour follows some
:24:13. > :24:19.sort of pattern. But unlike these animals the swarm intelligence of
:24:20. > :24:23.bats is much harder to read. One has to keep in mind that that is not the
:24:24. > :24:30.standard flock of birds that flies from capital a to B and just needs
:24:31. > :24:33.to avoid visions. They forage, they look for insects on the water
:24:34. > :24:44.surface, they all do it at the same time but in a very different search
:24:45. > :24:53.pattern. Then we see it. Two bats following each other in close
:24:54. > :24:58.formation at high speed. So has Mark's that listening equipment
:24:59. > :25:06.managed to record the same action I've seen on camera? The results are
:25:07. > :25:11.fascinating. Bear in mind this is just four seconds of bat flights
:25:12. > :25:16.slowed down. There's one here and another flying in parallel, the
:25:17. > :25:21.steep turn, the other one copied that with the delay of about one
:25:22. > :25:28.fifth of the second. The one following, in this case the light
:25:29. > :25:31.blue bat, this one is in front, this one will respond to and over this
:25:32. > :25:41.guy is doing by copying it. Sometimes they swap leader. In this
:25:42. > :25:46.sequence, at that point, the blue one turns first and then the pink
:25:47. > :25:51.one follows, so somewhere in this midsection they swap roles, leader-
:25:52. > :25:55.follow what roles. These findings are completely new. The idea of
:25:56. > :26:04.follow my leader, swarm intelligence. Eight months later I'm
:26:05. > :26:11.at the Bristol Robotics lab, a partnership between the city's two
:26:12. > :26:22.universities, to see Mark's research programmed into robots. Professor
:26:23. > :26:28.Alan Winfield, a specialist in swarm intelligence, explains how it works.
:26:29. > :26:32.The work that Mark and I are planning to do is essentially to
:26:33. > :26:36.programme the rules that he's discovered in these robots, see if
:26:37. > :26:44.we can make and model of bad behaviour with these robots. -- of
:26:45. > :26:47.bat behaviour. These robots programmed with simple rules, one is
:26:48. > :26:55.obstacle avoidance and the other is try to follow the leader. What
:26:56. > :26:59.happens if I put hand in? The robot would probably avoid your hand. If
:27:00. > :27:03.you make a little cave it can probably come out of the cave.
:27:04. > :27:07.That's the obstacle avoidance behaviour. But if you look at the
:27:08. > :27:15.tail lights at the back of the robot, another robot will try to see
:27:16. > :27:22.the tail light, and if it does, it will move towards that robot and try
:27:23. > :27:31.to follow it. Research like this is already being put to use in the
:27:32. > :27:37.development of driverless cars. Will we see bat behaviour taking that
:27:38. > :27:41.technology forward? There is no doubt that driverless cars will need
:27:42. > :27:46.rules just in the same way that you and I have to obey the rules of the
:27:47. > :27:49.road. But when you have a lot of driverless cars perhaps in the
:27:50. > :27:55.further future interacting with each other, then there will have to be
:27:56. > :28:00.rules that decide how they do that safely and effectively, perhaps
:28:01. > :28:01.buoyant. And maybe, just maybe, we can help to find those rules with
:28:02. > :28:21.this kind of experimental work. So what started out as a study of
:28:22. > :28:28.bats and is being developed with the help of cupcake robots could soon be
:28:29. > :28:29.transforming our lives. Not bad for a creature that weighs just 11
:28:30. > :28:34.grams. Don't forget to check out Facebook
:28:35. > :28:40.and Twitter for more Next week, Chloe on her first ever
:28:41. > :28:59.night out with her mates. I feel like a kid at Christmas, I've
:29:00. > :29:05.been skydiving and competed in International archery but
:29:06. > :29:07.Hello, I'm Riz Lateef with your 90-second update.
:29:08. > :29:10.It's been described as the worst blunder in Oscars history -
:29:11. > :29:12.when the wrong winner for best film was announced.
:29:13. > :29:14.The stars of LaLa Land were accepting the award
:29:15. > :29:18.when they were told the winner was actually Moonlight.
:29:19. > :29:21.There's a warning that insuring your car could cost a lot
:29:22. > :29:24.The changes mean higher compensation pay-outs.
:29:25. > :29:28.But insurers say, in return, premiums will rise.
:29:29. > :29:30.2.5 years after it was set up - the independent inquiry
:29:31. > :29:34.into child sex abuse has begun its first public hearings.
:29:35. > :29:38.Today its focus was the abuse of children sent to Australia