:00:00. > :00:14.Can this city really be as polluted as Beijing?
:00:15. > :00:24.Do you know what, it's quite tight on the chest, isn't it? It is, have
:00:25. > :00:26.you felt it? Yes, I can definitely feel that.
:00:27. > :00:29.We see how Chloe gets on as she goes out on the tiles
:00:30. > :00:36.All of the blue cabs in Bristol are supposed to be accessible, but we
:00:37. > :00:40.have heard that that isn't the case. We're going to find out.
:00:41. > :00:49.And the dramatic life and death of Bristol's forgotten playwright.
:00:50. > :00:53.This is Bath - absolutely clogged with traffic, most of the time.
:00:54. > :00:57.Not a great image to send the city's many tourists home with.
:00:58. > :01:08.But spare a thought for the people who live here all the time.
:01:09. > :01:16.It's one of the greatest cities in England, but I think the air here is
:01:17. > :01:19.no good, it's no good. The World Health Organisation estimated that
:01:20. > :01:23.over 3 million deaths worldwide could be attributed to air
:01:24. > :01:31.pollution. Why are these people prepared to sit in it to you after
:01:32. > :01:35.Cuba -- in Q after Q only going 100m?
:01:36. > :01:37.Air quality is a huge problem for those living
:01:38. > :01:41.So Inside Out is asking two people who live in Bath,
:01:42. > :01:43.a cyclist and a taxi driver, to carry around one
:01:44. > :01:55.of these and find out who's breathing the worst air.
:01:56. > :01:58.This is Adam Reynolds - a self-confessed bike fanatic
:01:59. > :02:04.so concerned about the poor air he's breathing he's agreed
:02:05. > :02:30.Since then, I've been able to get down to one car in the family. Can
:02:31. > :02:35.you tell the level of congestion has gone up over the years? Going out on
:02:36. > :02:39.the roads, it feels like there are too many people sitting, waiting and
:02:40. > :02:42.not really getting anywhere. Some of those roots have a lot of air
:02:43. > :02:48.pollution as well. They stink, it's really uncomfortable.
:02:49. > :02:49.Adam will be measuring the air for pollutants
:02:50. > :02:53.on his commute to and from work - a mixture of quiet and busy roads.
:02:54. > :02:56.And we've attached a GPS tracker so we know where he is.
:02:57. > :03:03.We'll find out how he gets on shortly.
:03:04. > :03:09.For now, I'm in the city centre looking for a taxi.
:03:10. > :03:13.Khalil Zekkari has been driving around Bath for the last 11 years,
:03:14. > :03:21.and is putting one of our air monitors in the back of his cab.
:03:22. > :03:24.What do you think about the air quality?
:03:25. > :03:37.We don't have any big factories or anything.
:03:38. > :03:41.But the volume of the traffic is giving this place more dirty air.
:03:42. > :03:43.How have you noticed that? Talking to people, they say
:03:44. > :03:46.they cannot breathe proper air. If you want fresh air,
:03:47. > :03:49.don't come to the city centre. You can't, you just have to go to
:03:50. > :03:54.out side of Bath. Khalil isn't wrong about the poor
:03:55. > :03:57.air he's breathing driving Immediately, the air monitor we've
:03:58. > :04:04.given him records very high levels of small particles called PM-10s
:04:05. > :04:12.and PM-2.5s, found in diesel fumes. PM-10s go in through your
:04:13. > :04:32.nose into our lungs It can cause respiratory complaints.
:04:33. > :04:36.The second particle is even smaller, it can permeate through the lungs
:04:37. > :04:41.into the bloodstream, it has been shown to be associated with not just
:04:42. > :04:45.respiratory conditions but actually Codjo of the conditions such as
:04:46. > :04:47.stroke and heart attacks. -- cardiovascular conditions.
:04:48. > :04:50.Meanwhile, the data from Adam's monitor shows the problem for him
:04:51. > :04:52.isn't small particles - it's Nitrogen Dioxide, or NO2,
:04:53. > :04:59.Every time he hits a busy road, the levels soar.
:05:00. > :05:03.NO2 is bad because when we breathe it in, it inflames our respiratory
:05:04. > :05:10.system, it can cause asthma and can cause other respiratory diseases.
:05:11. > :05:21.Khalil is taking me to one of the city's most congested roads.
:05:22. > :05:31.The road is stationary most of the time.
:05:32. > :05:40.On a daytime, yes. The traffic. From 8am until about 8pm. You can
:05:41. > :05:45.imagine, 12 hours, the core, stop, start the smoke is coming out of the
:05:46. > :05:46.car. Where does that smoke go, it's not going nowhere, it's just staying
:05:47. > :05:50.there for to breathe it. We've moved about 20
:05:51. > :06:00.metres in 10 minutes. It's not great, is it? Note. And
:06:01. > :06:10.this is just solid traffic, isn't it? You know, it is quite tight on
:06:11. > :06:16.the chest, isn't it? It is, have you felt it? You can definitely feel
:06:17. > :06:19.that. There is a machine which measures the air pollution, but I
:06:20. > :06:22.think it keeps looking down all the time!
:06:23. > :06:24.During our survey, Khalil makes several more journeys along
:06:25. > :06:27.London Road, including one in which the pollution in his taxi
:06:28. > :06:43.After 10 days of monitoring, it's time to show Adam
:06:44. > :06:49.Who's been breathing in the worst air?
:06:50. > :06:58.So - cyclist, taxi driver, who takes in the most?
:06:59. > :07:03.Adam, the air that you are breathing, obviously depended on the
:07:04. > :07:11.time of day and the routes you took to work, your levels are minuscule.
:07:12. > :07:14.Cool, that looks good. You are a cyclist! No, that's good!
:07:15. > :07:15.Despite some occasional high levels, Adam's overall score
:07:16. > :07:31.The green one needs to be below 25. And the grey- Blackwell needs to be
:07:32. > :07:35.below 50. But for six out of ten days, they were higher. You are well
:07:36. > :07:46.above the World Health Organisation standards. I'm speechless, I do know
:07:47. > :07:50.what to say. Looking gap that, -- looking at that, the big particles,
:07:51. > :07:54.the tie-up articles, you are breathing a lot of that stuff in.
:07:55. > :07:59.How do you guys feel, looking at that? I feel really good about mine,
:08:00. > :08:02.I'm slightly worried about Kahlil. Mine is bad. I feel sorry for any
:08:03. > :08:04.driver, not just taxi drivers. Why is Khalil's air quality
:08:05. > :08:06.so much worse than Adam's? Surely as a driver
:08:07. > :08:08.he's more protected? Being in a car is not
:08:09. > :08:16.like being in a sealed box. Winding up your windows may give you
:08:17. > :08:20.the perception that the area in coming through the windows and that
:08:21. > :08:24.you might have reduced your exposure to air pollution, but the intake so
:08:25. > :08:29.the carp's air system or at the front of the car. The problem is,
:08:30. > :08:30.they are generally at the level of the exhaust pipe of the car in front
:08:31. > :08:32.of you. In fact, the answer for Khalil might
:08:33. > :08:35.be to switch off his fan As for Adam, even on the same
:08:36. > :08:38.busy roads as Khalil, The advantage of cycling is that
:08:39. > :08:50.you're getting excercise. You are getting health benefits from
:08:51. > :08:55.having exercise. It has been shown that that without we the harm that
:08:56. > :09:00.would be caused by breathing in bad air. Thank you very much for taking
:09:01. > :09:04.part in the experiment. I really hope your results haven't scared you
:09:05. > :09:09.too much. I feel it has vindicated what I'm doing, which is avoiding
:09:10. > :09:16.being on major roads. I am scared, and I'm more worried what that
:09:17. > :09:21.showed me, my breathing and my chest, I may have cancer, I don't
:09:22. > :09:30.know. For the health side of it, I really urge people, please, don't
:09:31. > :09:33.use cars in Bath. That has been a real eye-opener, looking at the poor
:09:34. > :09:35.air quality in the city. Perhaps it's really time that they did
:09:36. > :09:41.something about it. Coming up: Remembering my
:09:42. > :09:47.brother, Alfred Fagon. The first anniversary of his death
:09:48. > :09:55.by his friends. Unlike most 20-year-olds,
:09:56. > :09:57.Chloe Ball-Hopkins has never been She uses a wheelchair and worries
:09:58. > :10:03.that it will be too difficult, even though, by law,
:10:04. > :10:05.pubs, clubs and taxis should I've never been one
:10:06. > :10:19.to live a quiet life, I work every day, I've done
:10:20. > :10:22.a skydive, I've competed internationally in archery -
:10:23. > :10:25.but I've never been on a night out, so tonight's going to be
:10:26. > :10:30.a massive milestone. The more I say it the more
:10:31. > :10:32.excited I get, I'm like I was diagnosed with muscular
:10:33. > :10:40.dystrophy when I was four years old, and growing up,
:10:41. > :10:47.bit by bit, I've had to use a wheelchair more and more
:10:48. > :10:50.because my muscles have got weaker. I think, considering my 21st isn't
:10:51. > :10:53.far round the corner, if tonight's a success,
:10:54. > :10:55.we'll definitely be doing I missed out on my 18th,
:10:56. > :11:06.but it doesn't mean I have It's a quick dry, so it should be
:11:07. > :11:08.fine, it'll be tried before we go. Should we put another coat on?
:11:09. > :11:11.This is Harriet, she's been my best friend since we were about three
:11:12. > :11:14.or four years old, but I think the last time we were out
:11:15. > :11:16.dancing was probably our primary school disco.
:11:17. > :11:18.So how come you haven't been out before?
:11:19. > :11:21.I think, to be honest, when you guys first started going out,
:11:22. > :11:25.Then by the time I'd finished, all I heard was you guys
:11:26. > :11:27.saying there's steps here, there's steps there.
:11:28. > :11:30.And it put me off, and it's not been until recently when I've thought
:11:31. > :11:33.it would be quite nice to have an element
:11:34. > :11:38.The idea of going out for the first time is
:11:39. > :11:47.a little bit scary - but also exciting.
:11:48. > :11:50.I don't want to get out there and find I get
:11:51. > :12:06.I don't enjoy the night, but I don't think that'll be
:12:07. > :12:09.Tonight is about having fun - but there's also a serious side.
:12:10. > :12:11.Just how accessible are Bristol's bars and taxis?
:12:12. > :12:16.And he helps me navigate all sorts of obstacles that you only notice
:12:17. > :12:39.Right, so there's a step here, but there's a flight inside,
:12:40. > :12:42.so I think it's worth just going on to the next place.
:12:43. > :12:44.So there's another step here, so I think it's just
:12:45. > :12:49.It's not going great so far - some of the older places are probably
:12:50. > :12:52.struggling to get accessible, but in some places, all it
:12:53. > :12:59.Are you looking for somewhere to get in?
:13:00. > :13:18.Now we're heading to a bar that's part of a big national chain -
:13:19. > :13:20.which should have the resources to make it accessible.
:13:21. > :13:31.If I go somewhere where there isn't a lot of drop kerbs,
:13:32. > :13:33.and I was on my own, I'd be stuck.
:13:34. > :13:48.I've been going out with Dom for just over a year.
:13:49. > :13:51.I notice quite a few people have a glance at me,
:13:52. > :13:58.I don't know if it's a disapproving look,
:13:59. > :14:05.I think Dom notices more when people are looking at me than I do.
:14:06. > :14:08.I've grown up like this for 20 years now, whereas for Dom,
:14:09. > :14:10.it's a slightly newer obstacle, you could say.
:14:11. > :14:13.There is a lot of challenges out there, but if there's someone
:14:14. > :14:16.with you, it's a bit easier, but if you're by yourself,
:14:17. > :14:24.You can't just say, "Let's go to this place."
:14:25. > :14:26.You have to scope it out first to see if there's
:14:27. > :14:30.And that's a shame in some ways, cos it would be nice
:14:31. > :14:34.to feel that one morning, if I just wanted to get up and go
:14:35. > :14:39.This time we've got a doorbell, and it says "For assisted access,
:14:40. > :14:43.please ring bell," so let's see who comes.
:14:44. > :15:08.Waiting for somebody is a regular occurrence.
:15:09. > :15:11.People do what they need to do inside first then come to you,
:15:12. > :15:51.It's a very cold night, and we decide to take
:15:52. > :15:55.All the blue cabs in Bristol are supposed to be accessible,
:15:56. > :15:57.but we've heard this isn't always the case, so we're
:15:58. > :16:15.I'm wearing a hidden camera to see how the drivers respond.
:16:16. > :16:27.The first driver should be able to take me, but says he can't.
:16:28. > :16:30.He tries to help by asking the second cab in the line
:16:31. > :16:40.A group of people who arrived after me get into the second
:16:41. > :16:48.The first driver comes back and is very cross.
:16:49. > :16:50.The third driver in the line agrees to take me.
:16:51. > :16:53.He attaches two ramps to the side of the cab.
:16:54. > :16:59.The ramp is very steep, and three people have to help me in.
:17:00. > :17:01.Considering all blue taxis are supposed to be accessible,
:17:02. > :17:10.I know we had heard rumours that some of the cabs around here weren't
:17:11. > :17:15.disabled friendly. the case, that we'd get
:17:16. > :17:19.in and out really easily. But actually, tonight,
:17:20. > :17:21.it's proven that some people just It's not necessarily that you can't
:17:22. > :17:26.get into the cab with a wheelchair, it's that people don't want to help
:17:27. > :17:28.you with the ramps. We've made it to our final
:17:29. > :17:37.destination for the night. If you go to the side, we will open
:17:38. > :17:39.the fire exit for you. Thank you very much.
:17:40. > :17:43.Several said I couldn't get in because of flights of stairs.
:17:44. > :17:46.A couple of the bigger clubs say they're accessible, but wouldn't let
:17:47. > :18:01.I will follow their advice for the my first time, vodka lemonade.
:18:02. > :18:10.Are we going to the booth? Don't get comfy yet. If I go backwards, come
:18:11. > :18:11.to the front and make sure the front stays up and then you pull from the
:18:12. > :18:14.back. Luckily, I have a very light chair
:18:15. > :18:25.- and strong friends. Go up one step at the time. Can't we
:18:26. > :18:31.just lifted all at once? Go on, then. Cheers. And then drink.
:18:32. > :18:36.Only half the bars we tried to get into were accessible.
:18:37. > :18:40.And only one out of three taxi drivers would take me.
:18:41. > :18:47.Probably enough to put some people off - but not me.
:18:48. > :18:56.Now I know where I can and can't go, we'd be able to minimise
:18:57. > :18:57.You wouldn't go on a night like this without your friends,
:18:58. > :19:05.And instead of hearing them come back and say we did this,
:19:06. > :19:07.Alfred Fagon was a playwright who made Bristol his home for many
:19:08. > :19:09.years, but I bet you've never heard of him.
:19:10. > :19:12.I've been retracing the drama of his life and the shocking
:19:13. > :19:20.circumstances behind his untimely death.
:19:21. > :19:26.His pen feed his friends
:19:27. > :19:29.He Count his blessings with every word
:19:30. > :19:42.His voice was wonderful, it kind of enveloped you in a most wonderful
:19:43. > :19:47.way. He could be very strong but he could be very gentle and charming.
:19:48. > :19:51.Alfred Fagon was the first black person to have a statue put up
:19:52. > :19:55.in his name in Bristol - but his life remains
:19:56. > :19:57.But for someone who has an award named after him
:19:58. > :20:07.and has written so many plays, why is he not better known?
:20:08. > :20:15.The third of nine brothers and two sisters -
:20:16. > :20:39.Aged 18, Alfred came to England and worked on the railways -
:20:40. > :20:46.And even became their champion boxer for a time.
:20:47. > :20:50.In the 1960s, he moved to Bristol to work as a welder,
:20:51. > :20:59.but the city was to spark off a very different path for him.
:21:00. > :21:03.It was in Bristol he found his talent for acting and writing,
:21:04. > :21:09.So he had a great reason to embed in Bristol and made great friends in
:21:10. > :21:15.the artistic committee and that took into London, where his work really
:21:16. > :21:18.flourished. He was auditioning for Black Pieces and Alfred took one
:21:19. > :21:22.look at the script and said, I didn't know people can write like
:21:23. > :21:26.this. If he can write like that, I can write like that, because it was
:21:27. > :21:32.patois. And then he realised, of course, that he could ride. If he
:21:33. > :21:34.wasn't the first he was one of the first writers to portray the
:21:35. > :21:37.experience in this country are people who had come from the
:21:38. > :21:41.Caribbean and were living here and settling down roots here, so he
:21:42. > :21:44.would base the plays in Bristol or London, rather than stories back
:21:45. > :21:46.home, and that is what makes him ahead of some of the writers of that
:21:47. > :21:50.time. Some of the good Jamaicans have died
:21:51. > :21:53.Like unwanted abandoned dogs in this But what is life with no
:21:54. > :22:00.pleasure somewhere else? Don't tempt me with your
:22:01. > :22:02.dangling sympathy. in Bristol that he began writing
:22:03. > :22:11.plays, but here at the Bristol Art Centre - now the Cube - where
:22:12. > :22:21.he first tried his hand at acting. Briony acted alongside
:22:22. > :22:23.Fagon 40 years ago No Soldiers in St Paul's explored
:22:24. > :22:28.social tensions between the police and the black community in 1970s
:22:29. > :22:42.Bristol. The play was entirely cast for black
:22:43. > :22:46.people and black characters, not for a white woman, so I partly
:22:47. > :22:53.questioned in my mind why he was even auditioning me. But he felt
:22:54. > :22:59.quite comfortable about the fact that I could, in time, get the
:23:00. > :23:03.Jamaican accent and I would be OK. It was a landmark production in Art
:23:04. > :23:08.Centre terms, because the whole audience would be full of black
:23:09. > :23:11.people, many of whom had never been to the theatre before, they
:23:12. > :23:12.certainly haven't been to the arts Centre, so it was a print experience
:23:13. > :23:15.for everybody. While very few pictures
:23:16. > :23:17.exist of Alfred on stage, his friends have kept precious
:23:18. > :23:46.archives of his work - and have even There was one in it called Indian
:23:47. > :23:52.Phones Panorama. No one had ever heard of it. There is Indian, half
:23:53. > :23:58.Indian and B. That is the catalyst! It is a great name, Indian Phones
:23:59. > :24:06.Panorama. I'd never even heard of that one. What was he like? I think
:24:07. > :24:11.he was troubled and I think some of his trouble got communicated and
:24:12. > :24:16.expressed in his creativity. I think he was extremely creative, but
:24:17. > :24:21.almost too creative for this world. But he gave out great energy into
:24:22. > :24:28.things as well. Even, I think, a kind of wisdom and understanding of
:24:29. > :24:32.the nuances of people's lives. Why do you think his work never got the
:24:33. > :24:36.recognition it deserved? I don't think it is surprising he wasn't
:24:37. > :24:40.applauded them, really, because we are talking about a certain period
:24:41. > :24:46.of time when there was a lot of racism around and I think a lot of
:24:47. > :24:51.his plays are very challenging to white people, and to black people.
:24:52. > :24:53.But in London, he started going places.
:24:54. > :24:56.Alfred's plays began to be performed across the city, and he landed roles
:24:57. > :25:08.Led me take you to eat some soul food and black Europe and give you a
:25:09. > :25:12.bowl. -- you up. Then in 1973, the BBC dramatized his
:25:13. > :25:15.play Shakespeare Country. But the good times
:25:16. > :25:28.were not destined to last. His appearance in the BBC's
:25:29. > :25:30.Fighting Back - filmed in his old home of St Paul's -
:25:31. > :25:39.would be his final acting role. Hey, that was years ago. 15. You
:25:40. > :25:44.have changed. On the morning of 28th August 1986,
:25:45. > :25:47.Alfred went out for his daily jog and died suddenly of a heart attack
:25:48. > :25:51.outside his flat in Camberwell. At the time, the police claimed
:25:52. > :26:05.they were unable to identify him. He was cremated after five days. He
:26:06. > :26:07.was in the hospital morgue and the hospital said, right, nobody has
:26:08. > :26:15.come forward to claim him and his ashes were strewn in the South
:26:16. > :26:23.London crematorium, known to us as T91. How terrible is that? I think
:26:24. > :26:28.the whole family were shocked, horrified and they are still shocked
:26:29. > :26:30.and horrified by it, it hasn't been completely... I don't know if you
:26:31. > :26:32.can ever digester something like that.
:26:33. > :26:33.After his untimely death, Alfred's friends created
:26:34. > :26:40.Many winners have gone on to shake up the theatre in this country.
:26:41. > :26:48.The Alfred Fagon award has become a launch pad for talent, firmly
:26:49. > :26:49.embedding into our industry names like Roy Williams and Rachel
:26:50. > :26:51.Delahaye. And so each year, Alfred's loved
:26:52. > :26:54.ones come to the awards to celebrate new talent
:26:55. > :26:56.and remember their And in 2013, the Old Vic put
:26:57. > :27:17.on a retrospective of his work - It is a chance to really open at his
:27:18. > :27:19.notebook again and see what is in his imagination and it is mixed with
:27:20. > :27:23.sadness that you can't see the next part of that story.
:27:24. > :27:26.But the story does go on and, 30 years after his death,
:27:27. > :27:29.his his brother and nephew have flown in from Canada to visit
:27:30. > :27:33.Let's give a toast. Long-lived Alfred Fagon.
:27:34. > :27:38.And to visit the memorial in St Paul's for the first time.
:27:39. > :27:49.The first anniversary of his death, by the friends of Fagon. This has
:27:50. > :27:55.been emotional for me, I'm not even an emotional person. I hate to cry,
:27:56. > :27:59.I hate somebody seeing me cry but to see this, it is an inspiration. It's
:28:00. > :28:02.not something you see everyday, especially for someone to be a part
:28:03. > :28:11.of your family. You come out here, it motivates you. This is more than
:28:12. > :28:19.an honour, words cannot... It is all emotions. I guess the true cliche is
:28:20. > :28:25.you are bigger than yourself after you die and this is a true testament
:28:26. > :28:36.to the legacy of Alfred Fagon. Remember, as always,
:28:37. > :28:38.there's plenty more to see We're not on air next week - we're
:28:39. > :28:52.back the week after. But in the meantime,
:28:53. > :28:54.you can catch our film about Massive Attack on BBC 4
:28:55. > :28:57.at 11pm on Friday night.