:00:14. > :00:21.Welcome to Inside Out. This week, we investigate the naturist
:00:21. > :00:24.websites selling DVDs involving naked children. All we ask parents
:00:24. > :00:30.and experts if they consider it the thumbs as innocent as they seem on
:00:30. > :00:35.the cover. Some people will use it for paedophile purposes. They will
:00:35. > :00:39.look on it as child pornography. Or so tonight, a tale of espionage.
:00:39. > :00:45.We retrace the story of a Cormac man who was jailed for spying 100
:00:45. > :00:51.years ago. From what I worth -- what I can gather, he was well
:00:51. > :00:56.aware of the risks he was taking. And to the lions of Doncaster. We
:00:56. > :01:00.find out how these big cats behave that night. If the L probably
:01:00. > :01:10.looking at me right now as a tasty snack -- they are probably looking
:01:10. > :01:22.
:01:22. > :01:26.There is a long tradition of naturism in this country, although
:01:27. > :01:31.it is fair to say it is not everyone's cup of tea. We have
:01:31. > :01:35.found out one of the country's old as publications is selling DVDs
:01:35. > :01:39.that featured naked children. Are these naturist films or something
:01:39. > :01:43.more sinister? We have been investigating.
:01:43. > :01:47.Naturism in Britain is decades old. And there's nothing new about
:01:47. > :01:50.pictures of those naturists being taken and even being sold. But how
:01:50. > :01:54.different is it if those images are not of adults, but of naked
:01:54. > :01:57.children? If paedophiles got hold of this material, they'd be
:01:57. > :02:02.watching it for quite the wrong reasons. We've been investigating
:02:02. > :02:06.if these DVDs are legal. There's a strong possibility that type of
:02:06. > :02:11.image would be regarded as an indecent image. And if these films
:02:11. > :02:15.should be being sold by a company right on our doorstep. We should be
:02:15. > :02:17.able to control where it's being distributed in the UK. It should be
:02:17. > :02:22.banned. This unassuming building is home to
:02:22. > :02:24.a company called New Freedom Publications Ltd. And from this
:02:24. > :02:31.small office in Goole in East Yorkshire, the company runs a
:02:32. > :02:36.website, selling naturist DVDs. The website's affiliated to the long-
:02:36. > :02:38.running naturist magazine Health and Efficiency. And among the
:02:38. > :02:44.dozens of DVDs it sells, those which clearly feature young
:02:44. > :02:49.children. With just a few clicks, these DVDs are available to buy
:02:49. > :02:54.online. We're going to order a couple and take a look.
:02:54. > :02:57.Each DVD costs �40. And it's obvious what material is being sold.
:02:57. > :03:01.I've already managed to find at least half a dozen DVDs which
:03:01. > :03:05.explicitly mention children or have pictures of them on the front cover.
:03:05. > :03:08.So when you order this material, you're in no doubt at all what that
:03:08. > :03:14.you're going to get is images of naked children.
:03:14. > :03:18.All the DVDs we ordered were filmed by a company in the Czech Republic.
:03:18. > :03:22.VOICEOVER: It is every child's dream to be at a cottage with Mum.
:03:22. > :03:27.And the dream has come true for two little girls this weekend.
:03:27. > :03:29.They all show naked children playing outside. But while climbing
:03:29. > :03:33.rope ladders and coming down a water slide, their genitals are
:03:33. > :03:38.exposed. We showed the films to Professor of Law, Richard Stone and
:03:38. > :03:42.asked if they are indecent. courts take the view that simple
:03:42. > :03:49.nakedness is not indecent. If the pictures are showing genitals then
:03:49. > :03:55.that becomes more likely to be regarded as indecent. So would you
:03:55. > :03:58.consider this DVD to be indecent? think certain bits of it,
:03:58. > :04:03.particularly where the focus is on the genitals, could be regarded as
:04:03. > :04:06.indecent, yes. But the test is one for either magistrates or for a
:04:06. > :04:13.jury to decide in the end whether a particular picture is indecent or
:04:13. > :04:16.not. This one has a water slide, the camera is at the bottom angled
:04:16. > :04:23.upwards so you can see the young girls coming down the slide, often
:04:23. > :04:25.with their legs apart. The coming down the slide with their legs
:04:25. > :04:35.apart inevitably focuses on that particular area and the more that
:04:35. > :04:38.
:04:38. > :04:41.is done, the greater the risk it is The company that made the films,
:04:41. > :04:48.Naturist Freedom, says all the children's parents sign a contract
:04:48. > :04:53.before filming allowing these pictures to be sold. It also sent
:04:53. > :04:55.us a copy of this document. The company says it's from a court
:04:55. > :05:02.appointed expert from Prague, who's watched all the footage filmed -
:05:02. > :05:06.and certifies the DVDs legal and moral undefectiveness. It also says
:05:06. > :05:10.it believes the footage is done in a very sensitive way. But some
:05:10. > :05:13.who've seen the DVDs don't agree. We spoke to parents and
:05:13. > :05:17.grandparents at a toddler group just a few miles from where these
:05:17. > :05:22.DVDs are being distributed. All with children of their own, they
:05:22. > :05:25.were alarmed by the films' content. We don't find any sexual
:05:25. > :05:31.connotation to this whatsoever, it's just what you do on a sunny
:05:31. > :05:34.day in your garden with your own children. But because there is no
:05:34. > :05:38.say-so on who purchases these and therefore what they're used for,
:05:38. > :05:42.there are going to be people who get a sexual kick out of this.
:05:42. > :05:50.could be aimed at paedophiles, it could be aimed at anybody. I'm
:05:50. > :05:55.sorry I don't think it's acceptable. It's not called for. The fact that
:05:55. > :05:59.this has even been produced is not acceptable. I'm not sure we can
:05:59. > :06:08.control where it has been filmed, but we can control where it is
:06:08. > :06:11.distributed and it should be banned. When we asked the film company
:06:11. > :06:13.Naturist Freedom about distribution, it said it only sells the films to
:06:13. > :06:17.people who make their business selling naturist videos to other
:06:17. > :06:26.naturists. It adds that it is quite common to share the way of life
:06:26. > :06:33.with other naturists. For almost 60 years, British naturism has been
:06:33. > :06:35.representing naturist groups across the country. And in recent years,
:06:36. > :06:38.police have asked the group's research officer Malcolm Boura to
:06:39. > :06:41.help them decide if naturist films are indecent. We asked him how
:06:41. > :06:44.unusual it is to film naked children. That would be very
:06:44. > :06:47.unusual, at least in part because the law is so vague that nobody
:06:47. > :06:50.actually knows for certain what it's legal to film. I have had
:06:50. > :06:52.conversations with quite a lot of naturist families where they've
:06:52. > :06:55.complained bitterly that they're not allowed to have photographs -
:06:55. > :06:59.or they don't feel they're allowed - to have photographs of their
:06:59. > :07:01.children doing ordinary everyday childish things in the same way as
:07:01. > :07:04.non-naturist families are. For fear of how they might be interpreted?
:07:04. > :07:11.Yes. As an organisation, would British Naturism prefer it if these
:07:11. > :07:16.types of DVDs weren't on sale? does raise us concerns in that the
:07:16. > :07:20.motivation behind them is questionable. Some people will be
:07:20. > :07:24.using it for paedophile purposes. They will be looking upon it as
:07:24. > :07:27.being child pornography. Health and Efficiency didn't want
:07:27. > :07:32.to speak to us on camera, but their parent company New Freedom
:07:32. > :07:35.Publications gave us a statement. It said the company vets all DVDS
:07:35. > :07:40.for suitability before supplying them and has rejected some that it
:07:40. > :07:48.felt were inappropriate. It says there's nothing inherently indecent,
:07:48. > :07:52.immoral, illegal or harmful about naturist videos. It added that
:07:52. > :07:57.whether or not a DVD is indecent is open to interpretation and, in its
:07:57. > :08:01.opinion, it has not sold DVDs that are indecent.
:08:01. > :08:03.And one photo of a naked child - on show at this gallery in Gateshead -
:08:03. > :08:09.showed images of naked children with no sexual content aren't
:08:09. > :08:15.indecent. The photo, owned by Elton John, prompted complaints to the
:08:15. > :08:17.police. But there were no charges and no prosecution. And one high
:08:17. > :08:22.profile campaigner thinks there's little wrong with these naturist
:08:22. > :08:25.DVDs either. Esther Rantzen has spent 21 years
:08:25. > :08:31.campaigning for better child protection, after setting up the
:08:31. > :08:35.Childline charity and helpline. But she says she's not troubled by the
:08:35. > :08:38.sale of these images of naked children.
:08:38. > :08:44.If I were a judge looking at this material, I think for the sake of
:08:44. > :08:47.common sense, I would probably not ban it. I don't think the camera
:08:47. > :08:55.work is salacious, I don't think they dwell on children's private
:08:55. > :08:59.parts. I don't think it has a nasty feel about it. So I would allow it
:08:59. > :09:02.for sale, I think, if I were a judge. But thank heavens I'm not a
:09:02. > :09:07.judge because I would also know that if paedophiles got hold of
:09:07. > :09:10.this material, they'd be watching it for quite the wrong reasons.
:09:10. > :09:16.you think that raises problems in that it could be used for illicit
:09:16. > :09:18.purposes? I feel very concerned about a slippery slope that ends up
:09:18. > :09:20.with grandmothers being prevented from photographing their children
:09:20. > :09:27.in a nativity play or mothers getting prosecuted for having
:09:27. > :09:30.photographs of themselves in the bath with their babies. I think we
:09:30. > :09:36.have to recognise that children aren't born with clothes on and a
:09:36. > :09:38.naked child is not an indecent image.
:09:38. > :09:44.But regardless of their content, there's another issue with these
:09:44. > :09:48.DVDs. None of them has ever been shown to the British Board of Film
:09:48. > :09:51.Classification. It told us it has passed some similar material, but
:09:51. > :09:57.others have been cut when there has been an undue focus on naked
:09:57. > :10:04.children in a manner that might raise concern. And what's more,
:10:04. > :10:07.selling unclassified DVDs can be a criminal offence. If it's a
:10:07. > :10:14.documentary, so it's a purely factual video, then it doesn't need
:10:14. > :10:16.to have a classification. But that exception doesn't apply if the
:10:16. > :10:23.video shows to any significant extent amongst other things the
:10:23. > :10:28.genital areas. And if a judge and jury found them indecent, then the
:10:28. > :10:35.punishments are even harsher. that situation, a prison sentence
:10:35. > :10:38.of two-to-three years may well be the appropriate penalty.
:10:38. > :10:42.But whether these DVDs break the rules is for the authorities to
:10:43. > :10:49.decide. East Yorkshire's Trading Standards department is now
:10:49. > :10:52.investigating if these titles should have age certificates. And
:10:52. > :11:02.we've handed the material over to Humberside Police, for them to
:11:02. > :11:08.
:11:08. > :11:13.decide if these DVDs of naked Coming up on Inside Out: but called
:11:13. > :11:19.the Wild. We find out whether the lions of Doncaster or behave like
:11:19. > :11:29.their African cousins at night. is an eerie feeling it, just us and
:11:29. > :11:34.A few years before the start of the First World War, a man from here in
:11:34. > :11:44.Hull was jailed in Germany for spying, but he still managed to
:11:44. > :12:01.
:12:01. > :12:04.Molly Megson knows there was something special about her
:12:05. > :12:07.grandfather - but it's been a as a spy. Molly Megson knows there
:12:07. > :12:13.was something special about her grandfather, but it's been a hidden
:12:13. > :12:19.part of her family's past. These are some photographs. He was born
:12:19. > :12:24.in England, and his parents were German. I knew that he was
:12:24. > :12:28.something to do with Germany, and something happened, but it was not
:12:28. > :12:31.talked about in the family. Schultz was jailed in Germany as a
:12:31. > :12:34.British spy 100 years ago, and managed to smuggle an extraordinary
:12:34. > :12:42.secret message out of his prison cell. Now, Molly wants to find out
:12:43. > :12:48.more. I would love to get to know the answers of so many things that
:12:48. > :12:51.have happened in his life. I vaguely know about them, but nobody
:12:51. > :13:01.seems to know any answers. Here's the starting point for her journey.
:13:01. > :13:03.
:13:03. > :13:08.During his jail sentence, Max built an elaborate model of a boat.
:13:08. > :13:18.was made by him in prison in Germany. What intrigues me, the
:13:18. > :13:18.
:13:18. > :13:24.level of detail. Looking at it, getting closer, one of the minute
:13:24. > :13:28.little holes. I can only imagine the conditions in which he would
:13:28. > :13:35.have made it, I do not know where he would have got the materials or
:13:35. > :13:40.tiles from. Others looking at the finals, the tiny hooks, all the way
:13:40. > :13:48.round. Hidden in the middle of the boat was a secret message,
:13:48. > :13:57.handwritten by Max. This is what my grandfather wrote. It is such a
:13:57. > :14:02.wonderful thing, to have this in my hand. The model is built to scale.
:14:02. > :14:09.With very odd and rough talks. Despise it not on account of
:14:09. > :14:17.roughness. It is a labour of love. It is a note to the outside world,
:14:17. > :14:27.a message in a bottle, telling him he is 2 1/2 years into his sentence.
:14:27. > :14:31.I am an Englishman and a shipowner, residing in Hull, Yorkshire.
:14:31. > :14:39.who was Max Schultz and why was he in a German jail? We've come to
:14:39. > :14:45.Coltman Street, where Max was part of the German community in Hull.
:14:45. > :14:48.Hull had a strong link with Germany. There is a strong community here.
:14:48. > :14:57.Max was born in 1879, the son of an immigrant. By the early 20th
:14:58. > :15:07.century, he was a successful ship dealer. This is where he lived.
:15:08. > :15:09.
:15:09. > :15:12.This is it, behind you. This is it. This is number 82? Yes. Max made a
:15:12. > :15:14.good living, buying and selling yachts. But tension was growing in
:15:14. > :15:23.Europe. Relations between Germany and Britain were getting worse, so
:15:23. > :15:29.the British Secret Service recruited him as a spy. People like
:15:29. > :15:33.him did not just have German linguistic skills and knowledge of
:15:33. > :15:39.Germany, but they also had naval and shipbuilding skills, that would
:15:39. > :15:44.be able to detect accurate information. When Max died in 1924,
:15:44. > :15:54.he'd dropped his German surname. He was to pay a heavy price for going
:15:54. > :16:03.
:16:03. > :16:08.on a secret mission to his father's His secret almost died with him, so
:16:08. > :16:11.how did he end up a prisoner in Hamburg? Max's story would have
:16:11. > :16:15.been forgotten if it hadn't been for a chance discovery at this
:16:15. > :16:20.Hamburg flea market. A shopper was browsing round the stalls when he
:16:20. > :16:30.spotted a model boat. It was old and shabby, and the sellers had
:16:30. > :16:32.
:16:32. > :16:41.found it on a skip. Put out for rubbish? On the shriek. -- on the
:16:41. > :16:48.shrieked. On a container. My family are so great for, and I would like
:16:48. > :16:54.to shake your hand. Can I give you a herd of? Thank you so much.
:16:54. > :16:57.model was passed to a marine historian, Peter Bluhm. He
:16:57. > :17:01.discovered it was an exact replica of a luxury German ship, the
:17:01. > :17:03.Imperator, the largest liner in the world, launched in Hamburg in 1913.
:17:03. > :17:13.During restoration work, he removed the front funnel and made an
:17:13. > :17:16.
:17:16. > :17:26.astonishing find. I began to put down the first formal, and I saw
:17:26. > :17:34.paper. Like this size. In my opinion, it was a special model,
:17:34. > :17:39.and he was a special man. How lucky we are that you found it. If you
:17:39. > :17:44.find it a model I notice, you want to know more and more. You want to
:17:44. > :17:47.know, what is that for? What has he done? Peter Bluhm has investigated
:17:47. > :17:57.Max's spying mission. Max came here in 1911 to get information about
:17:57. > :17:58.
:17:58. > :18:05.Germany's latest invention, a new engine for submarines. He was
:18:05. > :18:15.interested in the engine, the submarine boats. The engineers from
:18:15. > :18:19.the shipyard found a new system, so that the engine is not so loud.
:18:19. > :18:22.was searching for military secrets, but it was dangerous, and it was
:18:22. > :18:30.not going to We're at Hamburg railway station to meet Barbara,
:18:30. > :18:33.one of Molly's cousins, who's researched the story. She is here!
:18:33. > :18:37.Barbara lives in Germany. She and Molly have only met once before.
:18:37. > :18:47.She says Max recruited two Germans to help him get naval plans, but he
:18:47. > :18:50.
:18:50. > :18:53.knew he was being followed. He made up his mind to leave Germany, but
:18:53. > :19:01.it was too late. Max was arrested outside the railway station, and
:19:01. > :19:07.sentenced as a spy. He was well aware of the risk that he was
:19:07. > :19:13.taking. And of the consequences of the fact that, if he was caught, he
:19:13. > :19:17.was going to be a life of his family. He was to spend the next
:19:18. > :19:25.seven years in jail, and this is where he ended up, the prison where
:19:25. > :19:28.he wrote his secret message. This is Fuhlsbuttlel jail, on the
:19:28. > :19:31.outskirts of Hamburg. Molly's reached the end of her journey.
:19:31. > :19:38.We're in an old cell. Max's would have been much smaller. He spent
:19:38. > :19:43.the whole of his sentence in solitary confinement. We read that
:19:43. > :19:50.he was incarcerated for seven years, and you pass that it and read on.
:19:50. > :19:54.This is it, this is the seven years. It is a culmination of everything
:19:54. > :20:04.we knew about him, it is bringing to life the story. It has all been
:20:04. > :20:12.
:20:12. > :20:17.a better the revelation. A moving Last year, we brought you the story
:20:17. > :20:24.of lions that were brought from a dilapidated Romanian Suter
:20:24. > :20:27.Doncaster. Thousands of visitors have seen them at their new home at
:20:27. > :20:30.the Yorkshire Wildlife Park, but no-one has seen what they get up to
:20:31. > :20:35.when they're at their most active, at night. Until now, that is, when
:20:35. > :20:39.we sent our own night owl Mike Dilger to investigate.
:20:39. > :20:42.That's it, it's just after 5pm and the last of the visitors have gone,
:20:42. > :20:52.but for the animals here, life continues, but without the gaze of
:20:52. > :20:53.
:20:53. > :20:58.For most of the day, these lions have been doing what most cats do,
:20:58. > :21:02.and that's been getting in plenty of sleep. Although lions can be
:21:02. > :21:05.active at any time, research in the wild shows that they have peaks of
:21:05. > :21:14.activity at dusk and dawn, what's known as being crepuscular, and we
:21:14. > :21:18.know that out in Africa, lions do But few have ever studied what
:21:18. > :21:27.captive lions do when its dark, and I'd like to know whether the years
:21:27. > :21:34.spent behind bars in Romania have dulled their wild streak. You live
:21:34. > :21:41.here, you hear them all the time. They wake me up, 2am, 3am, which is
:21:41. > :21:46.great! It is fantastic to wake up to a Lions they get up to something,
:21:46. > :21:49.but what, your guess is as good as mine. Top-quality beef! The
:21:49. > :21:51.Doncaster lions are kept in three separate prides, which mirrors
:21:51. > :21:54.their family groups in Romania. There's a definite hierarchy, and
:21:55. > :22:03.just like any family, there are plenty of times when they seem to
:22:03. > :22:08.be rubbing each other up the wrong Now, lions might be the most social
:22:08. > :22:11.of the big cats, but interpreting their behaviour is no easy task. So
:22:11. > :22:20.it's time to call in someone who spends much of her time studying
:22:20. > :22:26.these animals out in the African savannah. Dusk is just around the
:22:26. > :22:31.corner, any idea what we will see? Normally, roaring. We have already
:22:31. > :22:36.heard bits and pieces, and now that it is getting dusk, early morning,
:22:37. > :22:41.that is when they will roll, the air is Calder, so it is lighter,
:22:41. > :22:48.and the sound will travel a lot further, up to eight kilometres.
:22:48. > :22:54.They all going out once. They are letting each other know, we are
:22:54. > :23:00.here, how are you? People think of the line as an animal that is
:23:00. > :23:05.common across Africa, but they are struggling at the moment. Yes, and
:23:06. > :23:12.people are not aware of their plight. We have seen a decline
:23:12. > :23:20.since the mid- 70s of 80 to 90%, a huge decline. This is how we're
:23:20. > :23:25.going to film the lions. It will be so dark, normal cameras will not be
:23:25. > :23:30.able to cope. But we have got our hands on this piece of equipment.
:23:30. > :23:34.This is an image intensifier, which takes every scrap of light from the
:23:34. > :23:38.atmosphere, from the moon and the stars, which means, even though
:23:38. > :23:48.physically we cannot see a thing, the camera should be able to record
:23:48. > :23:51.
:23:51. > :23:58.Rae and myself set up camp close to the lion enclosures, waiting for
:23:58. > :24:02.the action to unfold on our monitor. It is eyrie, just us and them. I
:24:02. > :24:07.have total faith in the fences behind me. But rather than during
:24:07. > :24:11.the day, when they are largely to sleep, they are much more active at
:24:11. > :24:17.night, and they are probably looking at me right now, like I am
:24:17. > :24:24.a tasty snack. They get a lot of stick for being lazy, but really, I
:24:24. > :24:29.like to think of it, they are just energy efficient, intelligent. On
:24:29. > :24:33.average, 21 hours a day, sleep, which is a lot, but when they are
:24:33. > :24:39.exerting their energy, they are to link energetic behaviour, defending
:24:39. > :24:45.their territory, patrolling huge territories, hunting, which could
:24:45. > :24:52.go on for hours, and planed. If you can sleep, you might as well make
:24:52. > :24:59.the most of it, conserve your energy for when you have to exerted.
:24:59. > :25:03.We are seeing a lion conserving his energy! With the good folk of
:25:03. > :25:06.Doncaster safely tucked up in their beds, it seems the lions have also
:25:06. > :25:16.decided to call it a day. But just as we're beginning to lose hope, it
:25:16. > :25:16.
:25:16. > :25:24.all starts kicking off. All of a seven, activity. They are chasing.
:25:24. > :25:34.The two females. The three Lionesses together. Hitting each
:25:34. > :25:38.other around the head. I can confirm that these Lions do not
:25:38. > :25:41.sleep all night. Despite the darkness, these night-vision shots
:25:41. > :25:50.are certainly illuminating, but it's time to put our lions to the
:25:50. > :25:54.test. We are going to try experiment. We have got some
:25:54. > :25:59.recordings of lions from Zimbabwe, and we will play them and see what
:25:59. > :26:05.reaction they get from these three prides. We have no idea whatsoever
:26:05. > :26:09.what will happen. Let's give it a go. The plan is to see how the
:26:09. > :26:16.Doncaster lions react to the sound of another new pride of five lions.
:26:16. > :26:23.Will they treat them as friend or foe? This has brought the Lions'
:26:24. > :26:29.right up to the fence. They are about 20 metres away, they are not
:26:29. > :26:34.responding, but they are fascinated. They are figuring it out. This is
:26:34. > :26:41.what we want to see, territorial defence. Who argue, where are you
:26:42. > :26:46.coming from? They are always patrolling. If the fences were down,
:26:46. > :26:53.there would have lions here. They would be coming up to the speakers.
:26:53. > :26:57.Studies in Africa have shown that lions can actually count. They'll
:26:57. > :27:00.listen to the roars of a new pride and work out whether the numbers
:27:00. > :27:04.are in their favour. Too many lions, and it's time to quietly melt away,
:27:04. > :27:14.but if there's more of you, there's no need to intimidated. And having
:27:14. > :27:21.
:27:21. > :27:25.done their sums, the Doncaster That is probably them now,
:27:25. > :27:32.assessing. They have not ruled for a while, let's give it some, let's
:27:32. > :27:38.tell them we are coming. Brilliant. They were not sure for five minutes,
:27:38. > :27:45.then they said, it is time to reassert our dominance. Looking at
:27:45. > :27:51.these images, it is difficult to tell we are in Doncaster! Abedin a
:27:51. > :27:56.Samara all the Serengeti! I and so impressed. What have I learned
:27:56. > :28:03.about the Lions? They do not sleep all night. They run around a lot
:28:03. > :28:10.and they make an awful lot of noise. And, at fax to this analysis, there
:28:10. > :28:20.is the most enormous amount going on in terms of hierarchy, play,
:28:20. > :28:23.
:28:23. > :28:28.fighting, it is just a jungle out If you want to contact us about any
:28:28. > :28:36.of tonight's stories, you can do through our Facebook page or
:28:36. > :28:41.through Twitter. That is all from here in Hull. Join us next week. We