:00:30. > :00:36.It is extreme, it is potentially dangerous, but it does really work.
:00:37. > :00:43.Also, prised out of the market. Why people on low incomes could find
:00:43. > :00:49.themselves unable to live in New York. It is either find an
:00:49. > :00:54.alternative place to stay in or I cannot pay the rent. And green
:00:54. > :01:04.fingers. The people using every possible scrap of land to grow
:01:04. > :01:18.
:01:18. > :01:23.Should the NHS be spending money on weight-loss surgery or should we be
:01:23. > :01:29.learning to eat less and exercise more. With one in 30 now considered
:01:29. > :01:33.to be morbidly obese, finding funding for stomach reducing
:01:33. > :01:37.surgery is increasingly difficult. We followed 16 year-old Emma Jane
:01:37. > :01:45.Money as she prepared for the operation she hopes will change her
:01:45. > :01:49.life. As a nation we're getting bigger, much bigger. Junk food and
:01:49. > :01:53.a lack of exercise means just one thing - piling on the pounds. Put
:01:53. > :02:00.simply, Yorkshire is the third worst area in the country when it
:02:00. > :02:06.comes to clinically diagnosed obese people. People who ought morbidly
:02:06. > :02:11.obese are addicted to fruit in the same way that people are addicted
:02:11. > :02:14.to smoking or drugs. People should not be desperate to have surgery,
:02:15. > :02:21.there should be desperate to change their lives around and were to lose
:02:21. > :02:30.weight. Emma Jane Money is just days away from an operation she
:02:30. > :02:38.hopes will change her life. For the past ten days she's been on a diet
:02:38. > :02:44.of low fat milk and yoghurt to prepare her for a gastric bypass.
:02:44. > :02:48.With the constant images of rip cages and bony elbows, it is hard,
:02:48. > :02:51.because people get the image that that is what we should be.
:02:52. > :03:00.mother insists the family has tried all other options to help Emma Jane
:03:00. > :03:09.lose weight. Different diets, different exercise regimes. Making
:03:09. > :03:13.sure she is always active. We do get out and about. I do find it
:03:13. > :03:18.very annoyed, because I do the weekly shop and I make sure there
:03:18. > :03:22.is no chocolate in the House, she is not tempted to go and help
:03:23. > :03:26.yourself to anything. She eats what I give her. We Emma Jane is in her
:03:26. > :03:33.GCSE year, but school has never been easy for her. With her
:03:33. > :03:41.operation looming she's learning from home. The heaviest I've ever
:03:41. > :03:47.the beam is around 21.5 stone, which is pretty much what I am now.
:03:47. > :03:50.I view had an ascetics before? an early start for Emma Jane. It's
:03:50. > :03:57.seven o'clock in the morning and she's in hospital in Sheffield. Her
:03:57. > :04:03.operation is due to begin in an hour's time. How widely appealing
:04:03. > :04:08.today? I am quite excited for afterwards, how it will open
:04:08. > :04:12.opportunities for move. In what way? I get to where all the new
:04:12. > :04:16.fashion trend with my friends and I get to go anywhere and I do not to
:04:16. > :04:19.worry about people saying things or judging me. Surrounded by her
:04:19. > :04:27.family, her consultant surgeon spells out the operation and the
:04:27. > :04:34.potential dangers associated with the procedure. There is a risk,
:04:34. > :04:38.there used to say it is around 1%. Very unlikely, but possible. She
:04:38. > :04:43.will be able to meet a lot less than she can now. She will be
:04:43. > :04:49.forced to eat a lot less. The weight loss but we would expect
:04:49. > :04:53.would be about the stone per month for the first few months. Then
:04:53. > :04:57.gradually the weight loss will plateau down. I would expect her to
:04:58. > :05:01.lose a good few stones in weight and be much healthier after this.
:05:01. > :05:08.There is a small operative risk involved today but that is balanced
:05:08. > :05:13.in the longer term, the chances of her being dead at a young age, in
:05:13. > :05:18.middle age, is much less Kishi has this done than if she does not. It
:05:18. > :05:23.is a case of balancing risks against benefits. The benefits she
:05:23. > :05:26.will get will hopefully far outweighed the risks of the surgery.
:05:26. > :05:36.An hour's drive from Emma Jane's home there's a very different
:05:36. > :05:40.
:05:40. > :05:46.approach to treating obesity. the scale of 1-10, how do you feel?
:05:46. > :05:50.One been relaxed, 10 in the tide is to have been. Mandy Bennett is put
:05:50. > :05:53.through her paces by her personal trainer, and it's on the NHS. She's
:05:53. > :06:01.one of nearly 50 patients across the East Riding on the Live Well
:06:01. > :06:10.programme. Obese patients are put on a rigorous diet and exercise
:06:10. > :06:15.regime to try and avoid the need for gastric surgery. I have lost
:06:15. > :06:19.three stone in the time I have been on the programme. I have maintain
:06:19. > :06:25.my weight for three of four months now, which is a big part of it.
:06:25. > :06:28.Learning to maintain weight is as big an issue has losing it.
:06:28. > :06:34.director of public health says East Riding's policy is not all about
:06:34. > :06:40.saving money. We have seen the number of surgical operations go
:06:41. > :06:45.down by around 80%. The levels of surgery had been increasing quite
:06:45. > :06:49.considerably and we did not have the services in place to give
:06:49. > :06:54.people the opportunity to have that dedicated six or nine months of
:06:54. > :06:57.intensive diet and physical activity. We felt it would be far
:06:57. > :07:04.better if we could put that in place rather than simply have
:07:04. > :07:09.people going for to surgery. you not come on this course, would
:07:09. > :07:15.you think you would be now? Still sat in front of the TV, probably,
:07:15. > :07:21.eating the wrong thing. Getting bigger, getting more and healthy.
:07:21. > :07:31.And probably not anywhere near as happy as I am, either. A downward
:07:31. > :07:32.
:07:32. > :07:37.spiral. Emma Jane's health authority also required her to try
:07:37. > :07:41.diet and exercise but for her it didn't work. And consultant surgeon
:07:41. > :07:51.Roger Ackroyd is about to carry out a drastic solution. He's reducing
:07:51. > :07:52.
:07:52. > :07:58.the capacity of her stomach to the size of a golf ball. This is the
:07:58. > :08:03.retractor lifting up the liver. We put the Patients on to a special
:08:03. > :08:06.diet to shrink the diet. procedure's well under way now.
:08:06. > :08:15.It's a very short operation and should only really take about 45
:08:15. > :08:23.minutes. This is the start of the small bowel. We're paid to measure
:08:23. > :08:30.down and metre. The operation is carried out via keyhole surgery.
:08:30. > :08:34.is like anything, the more that you do, the better bet you get. I do
:08:34. > :08:37.about 400 each year. A camera guides the surgeon's instruments as
:08:37. > :08:46.the delicate procedure to reduce Emma Jane's stomach capacity is
:08:46. > :08:52.carried out. The staple gun is right across the stomach. And the
:08:52. > :08:57.stomach is now divided into two. We take the stomach can act and all
:08:57. > :09:04.that remains is to close the skin, and we are done. How successful is
:09:04. > :09:08.this type of surgery? It is extreme, it is potentially changes, but it
:09:08. > :09:13.really does work. Ford expected to lose a stone among for the next few
:09:13. > :09:18.months. People say to me why are you doing this type of surgery,
:09:18. > :09:22.spending taxpayers' money treating people who, basically, all they
:09:22. > :09:27.need to do is eat less and exercise more? That is a valid argument and
:09:28. > :09:33.I think the five with that view to an extent. The only thing I would
:09:33. > :09:38.say is that she is only 16 at the moment but she will go on in time
:09:38. > :09:44.to need hip replacements, the replacements, diabetic medication,
:09:44. > :09:49.lots of other things. If we can invest in this type of surgery now,
:09:49. > :09:53.then it says the NHS money in the long term. It is just over two
:09:53. > :10:00.weeks since Emma Jane had her operation, so I have come to find
:10:00. > :10:04.out how she is getting on. I have already lost over two stones. I do
:10:04. > :10:10.think some tight it is not worth all the trouble, but it is, because
:10:10. > :10:19.I am getting my life back and it is all changing for the better. And I
:10:19. > :10:23.know that it will be easier. Coming up on the programme. Free fruit and
:10:23. > :10:33.vegetables. The city-dwellers growing their own careens in some
:10:33. > :10:35.
:10:35. > :10:39.unusual places. Historic York is one of the most desirable places to
:10:39. > :10:44.live in the country but there are real concerns that cuts to housing
:10:44. > :10:49.benefits could see some people on low incomes unable to rent in the
:10:49. > :10:59.city. Already council house waiting lists are swelling and some
:10:59. > :11:02.
:11:02. > :11:06.charities are struggling to keep up with demand.
:11:06. > :11:09.Crowned Britain's most beautiful city, the place we would most like
:11:09. > :11:17.to live, but is York rapidly becoming off-limits to people on
:11:17. > :11:21.low incomes or benefits? It is find an alternative place to stay in or
:11:21. > :11:29.I cannot pay the rent. We seem to be doing the opposite of creating a
:11:29. > :11:32.stable family home and there are consequences of that. It is
:11:32. > :11:36.somewhat ironic that here in the city of York, the concept of social
:11:36. > :11:39.housing began. In the 10th century, King Athelstone donated money to
:11:39. > :11:43.the church to build a country's first almshouse, on the spot where
:11:43. > :11:46.the Minster now stands. The aim was to provide a place of residence for
:11:46. > :11:56.the people he called poor distressed folk. Naomi Dawkins
:11:56. > :12:01.could be described as poor. have to counted out before you even
:12:01. > :12:06.get it. I have to know what I have got coming in, what is going out,
:12:06. > :12:09.what my limits are that I can spend on food. It is getting worse. Her
:12:09. > :12:13.housing benefit has never fully covered the rent on the flat she
:12:13. > :12:17.lives in with her daughter, but from April she will go �32 a month
:12:17. > :12:21.less from the state. Since she has just �200 to live on after rent and
:12:21. > :12:30.utilities, Naomi knows she will not be able to manage and she is having
:12:30. > :12:35.to move out. I cannot be there. I'm struggling as it is. When I was
:12:35. > :12:39.trying to find where I am now, that was one of the cheapest, but that
:12:39. > :12:43.is expensive. Again no way you can find somewhere cheaper. The changes
:12:43. > :12:46.to housing benefits are hitting people in York harder than almost
:12:46. > :12:49.anywhere else in the country outside of London. Here the amount
:12:49. > :12:51.available is less than in Leeds and Harrogate. The maths are
:12:51. > :13:01.complicated, but effectively it means finding somewhere affordable
:13:01. > :13:01.
:13:02. > :13:07.in York is like looking for a needle in a haystack. If we were
:13:07. > :13:11.looking for something of the new level of housing benefit, around
:13:11. > :13:19.�500 secundum months in your, could I get a house for that? It would be
:13:19. > :13:24.very difficult. The only thing we have even close to that is a house
:13:24. > :13:30.that is �515 for a two-bed Victorian terrace in poor order.
:13:30. > :13:34.The market almost starts at �600 a month for one bedroom apartment.
:13:34. > :13:40.Why do thing that rents are so high? It has been down to do last
:13:40. > :13:44.two or three years. People have been unable to buy because they
:13:44. > :13:54.cannot get deposits and perhaps they have rented instead. It has
:13:54. > :13:54.
:13:54. > :13:59.put increased demand on the rental And the waiting list for social
:13:59. > :14:03.housing is swelling, and it is not just people who are unemployed.
:14:03. > :14:09.Claire and her husband but work. They live in a council house, but
:14:10. > :14:16.it is too small for their five children. This is the master room.
:14:16. > :14:22.That is for myself, my husband, Charlie, and then I have room for
:14:22. > :14:28.the basket but not another cot. So theoretically, you could end up
:14:28. > :14:32.with four of you here. Clare, her husband and children would all
:14:32. > :14:36.squeezed into this small three- bedroom house. They need something
:14:36. > :14:40.bigger, but they have been working since last summer, as well as
:14:40. > :14:46.thousands of others. It seems impossible, but renting privately
:14:46. > :14:50.isn't an option. Looking at the rent in York, for the private
:14:50. > :14:54.sector, you are talking �1,000 a month. My husband doesn't even earn
:14:54. > :14:57.that amount, so we wouldn't be able to do it. The Government wants
:14:57. > :15:01.people to live where they can afford to live, but for Claire and
:15:01. > :15:06.her family that would mean leaving behind precious jobs at a time when
:15:06. > :15:11.work is hard to come by, effectively adding two more people
:15:11. > :15:16.to the breadline. It is not in the equation to move out of York. I
:15:16. > :15:21.need my job to provide for my kids, and my husband works in and around
:15:21. > :15:25.York, and covers a wide area, so we need to be in York to be able to
:15:25. > :15:29.provide a roof over their heads. The Chartered Institute of Housing
:15:29. > :15:34.said within a generation, some towns and cities will be off-limits
:15:34. > :15:39.to those on lower incomes. Without its low-paid workers, York would
:15:39. > :15:44.grind to a halt, pills would not be manned, bars wouldn't be serving
:15:44. > :15:49.and pavement would not be gritted. It is a prospect that has already
:15:49. > :15:54.caused concern at council level. What we will have is our whole area
:15:54. > :16:01.of employment in York where we will find it difficult to fill those
:16:01. > :16:06.vacancies. Because even if you move out to some of the cheaper towns
:16:06. > :16:11.that surrounded York, you then have transport costs. Bus fares are not
:16:11. > :16:15.cheap, petrol is going up all the time. This woman is responsible for
:16:15. > :16:18.housing in York. I meet up with her at one of the last remaining
:16:18. > :16:22.council estates in the City. difficulty now is the government
:16:22. > :16:26.are still promoting the right-to- buy scheme but I now saying they
:16:26. > :16:30.want to give people even larger discounts. The issue is that
:16:30. > :16:36.they're saying that with the money they will be able to build one for
:16:36. > :16:43.every one sold. But we are going to get at a small amount back, �22,000
:16:43. > :16:48.back, you cannot buy land and build a house for that. You cannot even
:16:48. > :16:54.build a flat for that. So they are saying that they are putting
:16:54. > :16:58.initiatives in place to help, and is doing the a opposite. More
:16:58. > :17:02.cheaper homes are needed. At Derwenthorpe on the outskirts of
:17:02. > :17:07.York, that is happening. The Joseph Rowntree model will see Ford is
:17:07. > :17:12.under the new bills he up for rent at affordable levels, but is built
:17:12. > :17:20.has not been cheap, and is a drop in the ocean. -- this build has not
:17:20. > :17:27.been cheap. There is an argument that says, to get the standard,
:17:27. > :17:31.just build cheap and in bulk. But we have done that and the past.
:17:31. > :17:36.There are estates all over the country, and I have managed a few
:17:36. > :17:43.of them, where cheap and cheerful was used, and those are the estates
:17:43. > :17:46.that are being torn down, costing us a fortune. In terms of probation
:17:47. > :17:50.and modernisation. It is about building a reasonable homes at
:17:50. > :17:58.reasonable prices, but it is only possible because a charity is
:17:58. > :18:07.involved. If we increase the rents, we know that we will effectively be
:18:07. > :18:11.reducing access to those people who are working, and bizarrely, making
:18:12. > :18:17.them only places where people on for benefits can afford. And once
:18:17. > :18:21.they are there, they will be paying much higher rents, and therefore,
:18:21. > :18:25.won't be able to get off benefits. That is the trap Naomi is in.
:18:25. > :18:31.Forced to give up her job because of spiralling childcare costs, she
:18:31. > :18:34.is stuck claiming benefits. She is now waiting to find out if she can
:18:34. > :18:38.get a council house, otherwise you'll be forced to move back in
:18:38. > :18:43.with her parents. It is quite embarrassing, because you are
:18:43. > :18:46.taking money from the state, and you are claiming benefits. And I
:18:46. > :18:51.don't like seeing myself as that cup of person. It is an national
:18:51. > :18:54.dilemma, but one that has come to a head in York. The government is
:18:54. > :18:58.trying to stop it by cutting benefits and forcing down private
:18:58. > :19:02.rents, but with demand so high, achieving this seems impossible,
:19:02. > :19:09.and many more people will find themselves out of their homes, on
:19:09. > :19:13.waiting-lists and on the street before the balance is pound. -- are
:19:13. > :19:19.found. With food prices soaring, how would
:19:19. > :19:28.you feel bad Gooding of fruit and vegetable free? Some people are now
:19:28. > :19:35.using unlucky scraps of land for that.
:19:35. > :19:38.When we think of food production, we like to imagine the Rolling
:19:38. > :19:40.greed -- green fields of the countryside, but there is an
:19:40. > :19:46.increasing number of people who think we need to look closer to
:19:46. > :19:50.home. Urban areas are now being looked at for what they can produce.
:19:50. > :19:56.So, armed with my trusty basket, I'm hoping to find enough
:19:56. > :20:02.delicacies in Leeds centre to help rustle up a tasty meal. First port
:20:02. > :20:10.of call is Hyde Park in one of the City's most populated areas to meet
:20:10. > :20:16.Leah Jenson. -- Ellen Robottom. What have we got set up here?
:20:16. > :20:21.the moment, I have got a row of spinach, spring onions at the back.
:20:21. > :20:25.But a different crops all the way down here. We have purple sprouting
:20:25. > :20:29.broccoli. What provoked you to do this? I came to understand that it
:20:29. > :20:34.was absolutely essential for us to be growing much more of our own
:20:34. > :20:38.food locally, because it is simply not sustainable to have it flown in
:20:38. > :20:42.from thousands of miles away. did you get everybody on board?
:20:42. > :20:46.just knocked on the door and said, you don't seem to be doing anything,
:20:47. > :20:50.you mind if I sticks and cabbages in it? They don't have time for
:20:51. > :20:55.gardening, they are working, they have children. As I was doing that,
:20:55. > :20:59.other neighbours got curious and it became obvious that there was space
:20:59. > :21:02.to extend it. The vegetables are there for anyone to help themselves,
:21:02. > :21:07.the surplus gets taken to a community centre, nothing gets
:21:07. > :21:13.wasted. Even in the depths of winter, there is plenty to choose
:21:13. > :21:18.from. Right, I'm looking for some food. Anything I can take with me?
:21:18. > :21:24.We have got leaks that are virtually ready to pick. Round the
:21:24. > :21:29.back we have some turnips as well. If you get a few of those... These
:21:29. > :21:32.have been more successful than I have thought. I have only just
:21:32. > :21:39.started and I have already got three of my five portions of fruit
:21:39. > :21:45.and veg a day. I have got much turnips, leeks, and I'm going to go
:21:45. > :21:50.and see what else. Next up on my culinary tour is the Woodhouse
:21:50. > :21:54.Community Forest garden. Here, volunteers are busy turning a
:21:54. > :22:03.wasteland into a free orchard were people can come and picked -- pick
:22:03. > :22:07.their own. Here, we have two apple trees. The orchard is being created
:22:07. > :22:11.on land the city council owned but had become neglected. Once mature,
:22:11. > :22:16.it will need minimal maintenance. What was the land like when you
:22:16. > :22:22.came here? All this side was completely overgrown, and this bit
:22:22. > :22:28.was more grassy. What we're trying to do is to demonstrate that it is
:22:28. > :22:32.possible to plant as space, a garden, that is open access, that
:22:32. > :22:37.is beautiful and production -- productive. I got here a bit early
:22:37. > :22:44.for the fridge, but Kenny gardening means that is not that is on offer.
:22:44. > :22:52.You mentioned I could have some parsley? Yes, here it is. Leaving
:22:52. > :22:56.the orchard behind, it is off to another project -- predict where a
:22:56. > :23:01.former wasteland is being put to good use. This area used to be an
:23:01. > :23:05.eyesore, and residents decided to take matters into their own hands.
:23:05. > :23:09.No one cares what you do with it, which is why it was so full of
:23:09. > :23:15.rubbish. We are kind of proving that even with a small bit of land,
:23:16. > :23:18.you can get a lot of benefit out of it, food, community, There are six
:23:18. > :23:22.family to talk to each other on a regular basis in the summer and
:23:22. > :23:27.spring. For me, it is about getting on and doing things that are good
:23:27. > :23:35.beer and other people, not necessarily having to cope three
:23:35. > :23:41.bureaucratic things. -- go through bureaucratic things. If we had, it
:23:41. > :23:46.wouldn't be here now, and it is a long process. Local residents are
:23:46. > :23:52.as keen to see the Community growth. I'm glad I have got this little
:23:52. > :23:57.space. I like it now. What is good about eating food you have grown?
:23:57. > :24:04.It takes -- tastes better, if you ask me. The shop staff is mass
:24:04. > :24:09.produced. I don't know how they produce it. Here, we know, the rain,
:24:09. > :24:16.we water it if it gets drier. ingredient can a rustle up here?
:24:16. > :24:22.Here, we have got some turnips. Pete has also brought some veg from
:24:22. > :24:26.one of his community allotments, so there is plenty to choose from. It
:24:26. > :24:30.is not just the changing attitudes, it is about edible produce that
:24:30. > :24:33.would otherwise go to waste. In a back garden that could be countless
:24:33. > :24:38.others across the country, the autumn leaves may be losing their
:24:38. > :24:42.grip, but the apples are hanging on for dear life. Normally they would
:24:42. > :24:47.fall to the floor and right, but this crop -- crop will not go to
:24:48. > :24:53.waste. Mainly it is about asking permission, and here, we have so
:24:53. > :24:58.many apple trees. It is asking volunteers to spot the apple trees,
:24:58. > :25:04.add them to our database. Then we look at that table based --
:25:04. > :25:08.database and pick the apples. There is the idea of minimising food
:25:08. > :25:17.waste, the idea of food being free and it visible to anyone, and then
:25:17. > :25:23.the health the idea of having front -- a free and accessible. At score
:25:23. > :25:30.macro near by, -- at Bracken Edge primary school near by, members of
:25:31. > :25:37.the garden Club are turning some of the harvesters nearby into liquid
:25:37. > :25:43.gold. It is nice, it is quite sweet. It is not a sugary as some of the
:25:43. > :25:49.ones you get from a supermarket. thought it would be green, but it
:25:49. > :25:52.is golden, kind of brown. Here it is about educating the next
:25:52. > :25:56.generation of growers. It is good for them to see the process
:25:56. > :26:00.involved, rather than just getting it in a box or a bag from a
:26:00. > :26:04.supermarket. They are really enthusiastic about it. So with some
:26:04. > :26:10.fruit added to my veg and something to drink, I'm starting to feel a
:26:10. > :26:16.bit peckish. Now my basket is full, it is time to put it to the test.
:26:16. > :26:22.Let's see what it tastes like. I am off to the Mint Hotel in Leeds to
:26:22. > :26:27.meet head chef Leah Jenson. Hopefully she can put my produced
:26:27. > :26:31.two good use. Here is what I have got for you. Amazing! I think we're
:26:31. > :26:38.going to use some pork loin, incorporate the apples, the leaks,
:26:38. > :26:41.make an nice apple sauce. I think we have got a great dish. For many
:26:41. > :26:45.restaurant, proving your local credentials has become increasingly
:26:45. > :26:51.important. It is quite fashionable to be eating sustainable food.
:26:51. > :26:56.There is not as much packaging, saving on our carbon for print, but
:26:56. > :27:00.your prices are astronomical at the moment. -- carbon footprint. So if
:27:00. > :27:05.we are buying local, we are saving on that as well, so everyone is a
:27:05. > :27:12.winner. That is enough of the theory - time to see how she brings
:27:12. > :27:17.it all together. The port is in the oven, now time to get on the apples.
:27:17. > :27:20.It smells so good already! We will put them straight into the pan,
:27:21. > :27:25.season them, I'm not going to add any sugar because it has its
:27:25. > :27:29.natural juices in the apple juice. We are just going to bring that
:27:29. > :27:35.down to. Little by little, are open fruit and veg are starting to look
:27:35. > :27:42.a whole lot more open -- appetising. And nice, generous portion of
:27:42. > :27:50.potatoes. Let's give the poor client a chance to rest. So it is
:27:50. > :27:58.doubly and tender. And nice, pink piece. Season that slightly. Pretty
:27:58. > :28:03.soon, I'm almost ready to tuck in! It looks amazing. And do think it
:28:03. > :28:08.has all come from within a few miles! Today's has to be might not
:28:08. > :28:14.be allowed card, but our ingredients are certainly stepping
:28:14. > :28:18.up to the plate. This looks and smells amazing. Growing food in a
:28:18. > :28:24.built-up areas might not yet feed the masses, but this is an
:28:24. > :28:29.appetising example of what the future might hold.
:28:29. > :28:39.If you want to contact us about any of the night's stories, you can do
:28:39. > :28:43.through our Facebook page. That is all from us. Join us next week.
:28:43. > :28:48.We will find that the lengths some landlords are going to to avoid