:00:09. > :00:18.Will come to a new series of Inside Out from Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
:00:18. > :00:24.Here is what is coming up. The hidden misery of the baby-boom
:00:24. > :00:30.generation. Who am I going to be when I retire, and what I am I
:00:30. > :00:34.going to do? The future can be quite frightening. We investigate
:00:34. > :00:38.why the problem of depression in older people is being taught.
:00:38. > :00:43.people are suffering unnecessarily from something that is at treatable
:00:43. > :00:49.condition in most cases. A also tonight, who is going to pay for
:00:49. > :00:55.your care when you get old? And the spiralling costs of an ageing
:00:55. > :01:02.population, and how it needs radical solutions. And the untold
:01:02. > :01:12.story of Lincolnshire's role in the Cuban missile crisis. The tension
:01:12. > :01:24.
:01:25. > :01:28.built up and we really did not know what was going to happen. Now,
:01:28. > :01:33.we're all living longer but instead of looking forward to a happy
:01:33. > :01:37.retirement many of us are facing decays of misery and our twilight
:01:37. > :01:42.years. It is estimated one in four older people suffers anxiety or
:01:42. > :01:51.depression. I have been looking at what is being done to tackle this
:01:51. > :01:57.hidden problem. They are supposed to be the golden years but, for
:01:57. > :02:03.people like Christine Cook, ring Auld has failed to provide a silver
:02:03. > :02:09.lining. It's was 18 months before I retired, it was looming large, and
:02:09. > :02:14.I got quite anxious and depressed about it, when you are going to
:02:14. > :02:19.work full time, you have a persona, so it was the thought, I don't know
:02:19. > :02:24.who I am, who am I going to be when I retire and what a might want to
:02:24. > :02:27.do? To do not have enough research to understand how much of their
:02:27. > :02:31.need is around being an older person and how much is a round
:02:31. > :02:34.mentor of conditions. There is a big unmet need, and people are
:02:34. > :02:43.suffering unnecessarily from something that is essentially a
:02:43. > :02:47.treatable condition in most cases. From the outside, Christine's life
:02:47. > :02:53.looks positive, but as have a starter to make up so did her
:02:53. > :03:03.worries. There are three main wants, the first is help issues. The other
:03:03. > :03:03.
:03:03. > :03:08.is money. And the third is loneliness, really. If you combine
:03:08. > :03:12.all those three, the future can be quite frightening. Christine might
:03:12. > :03:16.feel isolated but she is far from alone. According to some estimates,
:03:16. > :03:20.as many as one in four elderly people could be suffering from
:03:20. > :03:27.anxiety or depression. And that figure could be just the tip of the
:03:27. > :03:31.expert. Depression amongst older people is very common and a
:03:31. > :03:34.substantial proportion of older people, that depression will not be
:03:34. > :03:39.recognised or picked up by the general practitioner so we think
:03:39. > :03:43.that in about 50% of cases of people with depression it will not
:03:44. > :03:47.be receiving any treatment at all. According to mental health
:03:47. > :03:51.charities looking after the emotional needs of the elderly is
:03:51. > :03:55.costing the NHS millions and unless steps are taken to tackle the
:03:55. > :04:04.problem then the cost and the impact on society in general is
:04:04. > :04:10.when to get worse. As people get older they access health services
:04:10. > :04:15.more because of they get high incidences of chronic disease, and
:04:15. > :04:18.they are more likely to develop depression as a consequence and it
:04:18. > :04:23.is the consequence of physical disease and depression that can
:04:23. > :04:27.make it harder to diagnose as people get older. Worrying about
:04:27. > :04:31.the mental health of the elderly is a relatively new phenomenon.
:04:31. > :04:36.Grandparents who survived the Second World War were seen as
:04:36. > :04:40.people who could grin and bear it. But that might have massed the real
:04:40. > :04:44.story. Figures from the Mental Health Foundation show that people
:04:44. > :04:49.between the ages of 55-65 are twice as likely to seek help for
:04:49. > :04:55.depression and anxiety as those beyond retirement age. The baby-
:04:55. > :04:59.boomers are going to need help. transition from the routines of
:04:59. > :05:05.working, to actually not having those routines is quite difficult
:05:05. > :05:10.for people, and many people look forward to their retirement, so
:05:10. > :05:17.sometimes their expectations are not met. Opportunities to travel,
:05:17. > :05:24.socialise, go on holiday and all the things you perhaps dream about
:05:24. > :05:28.and that you have worked towards, then you realise, reality strikes
:05:28. > :05:35.home and you realise you're not won to be able to do any of these
:05:35. > :05:38.things. At the University of York, the UK's biggest ever study into
:05:38. > :05:45.the mental health of the elderly is under way. It is a five-year
:05:45. > :05:49.project, costing �2.5 million. It is trying to find answers. Older
:05:49. > :05:53.people with depression have had very few treatments available to
:05:53. > :05:57.them well looked after by their general practitioner, other than
:05:57. > :06:00.the prescription of anti-depressant medication. There is a sense that
:06:00. > :06:07.people have not appreciated how important depression is up until
:06:07. > :06:11.more recently. Talking therapy over the phone is being trial. What we
:06:11. > :06:16.talked about last time was talking about one of the things you
:06:16. > :06:20.mentioned that help you to stay well. As part of research, 1,000
:06:21. > :06:26.case studies will develop a model of psychotherapy support that it is
:06:26. > :06:32.hoped will influence future NHS policy to deal with depression in
:06:32. > :06:37.the elderly. The focus is on changing attitudes and expectations.
:06:37. > :06:43.They say they feel comfortable working over the telephone and can
:06:43. > :06:47.discuss with me things in as much debt as if I saw them face-to-face.
:06:47. > :06:52.But there are things they are not able to do any more, they might
:06:52. > :06:59.talk about what they got out of doing that activity, what
:06:59. > :07:04.activities they could do that would give them an alternative. A study
:07:04. > :07:11.by the LSE put the cost the country of depression of �23 billion. In
:07:11. > :07:15.terms of benefit costs and lost working days. My until health
:07:15. > :07:19.services hoping to move people on at 60-65, into older people's
:07:19. > :07:24.services, but people do not retire from having mentally of difficulty
:07:24. > :07:27.and losing the support you have had an going into a generic older
:07:27. > :07:33.person's service with no specialist support can be a hugely difficult
:07:33. > :07:38.and confusing time. Charities say that with health care spending
:07:38. > :07:43.unlikely to rise in the future, watching out for the medley of of
:07:43. > :07:48.older people is a responsibility that we must all bear. Isolation is
:07:48. > :07:54.one of the most common causes of anxiety and, for Christine, keeping
:07:54. > :07:58.busy has been a key part of a recovery. I have been through the
:07:58. > :08:01.talking therapy, the anti- depressants and the tranquillisers
:08:01. > :08:05.and all that sort of thing and it got to the stage where I would be
:08:05. > :08:11.well for a period of time then I would relax and go back again, but
:08:11. > :08:17.I found that when I was well and doing something, an art project or
:08:17. > :08:20.I was involved in something, then I felt much better. Helping out at a
:08:20. > :08:28.local mental guilt trip Arts and Crafts Centre provides to we
:08:28. > :08:33.support. I need a focus a ready, so my diary is full. I found that I
:08:33. > :08:37.need that so that I have got a reason to get up in the morning.
:08:37. > :08:47.For people like Christine lack of a co-ordinated approach -- approach
:08:47. > :08:48.
:08:49. > :08:52.has led to a finding her own solution. We think we're doing
:08:52. > :08:58.important research that has the potential to transform her care for
:08:58. > :09:02.depression in the NHS and to ensure that there is a wider range of
:09:02. > :09:05.treatment options available for people with depression and, to
:09:06. > :09:09.ensure that people with depression received treatment, because that is
:09:09. > :09:13.not happening at the moment. Findings might come too late to
:09:13. > :09:17.have a significant impact for Christine, but for the time being
:09:17. > :09:21.she is happy doing all she can to help herself and others through an
:09:21. > :09:26.increasingly problematic area of mental health, which many feel has
:09:26. > :09:30.been neglected for far too long. has made a big difference. When I
:09:31. > :09:36.was retired I was scared about being at home on my own, died in,
:09:36. > :09:40.day out, so coming year, it means that I can use my skills, so it
:09:41. > :09:46.makes me feel useful and contributing to something and,
:09:46. > :09:56.hopefully, my experience of having mental health problems makes me
:09:56. > :09:58.
:09:58. > :10:08.sympathetic and empathetic to So will to come, the Secret Cold
:10:08. > :10:14.
:10:14. > :10:17.War Plan to launch nuclear bombs A very Council now has less money
:10:18. > :10:22.to spend and that means tough decisions as to who gets what care
:10:22. > :10:27.as we get older - should we rely on the state to look after us ordinary
:10:27. > :10:32.have to find new, imaginative ways to look after the order -- the
:10:32. > :10:35.elderly, and should we be looking for new ways to liberalise. BBC
:10:36. > :10:45.Home Affairs Editor Mark Easton has been honoured journey across
:10:46. > :10:47.
:10:47. > :10:50.England to find out. I wonder what it's like to be 80. If I live that
:10:50. > :10:53.long, who's going to be there to care for me when I can't manage?
:10:53. > :10:57.And who is going to pay the bill? They're questions we all ask,
:10:57. > :11:00.because none of us can know how much it's all going to cost and you
:11:00. > :11:03.can spend almost everything before the state steps in. But I'm here in
:11:03. > :11:11.York because in this city, some of the elderly have clubbed together
:11:11. > :11:15.to share the risk. It's a simple idea. Before you get too decrepit,
:11:15. > :11:17.you can apply to live out your days at Hartrigg Oaks a community run by
:11:18. > :11:20.the Joseph Rowntree Foundation where residents know that if or
:11:21. > :11:26.when they need nursing care, it's available on site at no extra
:11:26. > :11:29.charge. It's not easy to get in, though. You have to pass a medical.
:11:29. > :11:39.And one of the leasehold bungalows needs to be vacant. It pays to
:11:39. > :11:42.
:11:42. > :11:52.apply early. I'm 53. You make a decision to come here at the age of
:11:52. > :12:09.
:12:09. > :12:13.The residents paid into a communal pot. In return, they can be
:12:13. > :12:22.confident that whatever happens to them, they will not be hit with
:12:22. > :12:29.these they cannot afford. It covers your care however much you need.
:12:29. > :12:34.When you are 50, you are paying over the odds, but when you are
:12:35. > :12:38.older, you don't pay any more and when you need it. We know where we
:12:38. > :12:48.will die probably and four meek that is great, we can get on with
:12:48. > :12:49.
:12:49. > :12:54.It seems to me this is a local solution to what many would argue
:12:54. > :13:01.should be a national state responsibility, paying for the care
:13:01. > :13:06.of the elderly, but at the time of public services, the politicians
:13:06. > :13:13.cannot agree on where to find the money, so the politicians keep
:13:13. > :13:23.going round in circles. Despite the recession, Britain is still many
:13:23. > :13:24.
:13:24. > :13:26.times a richer than it was when today's pensioners were born. We
:13:26. > :13:29.can afford to look after them, but in Westminster, seasoned
:13:29. > :13:32.politicians will tell you that priorities lie elsewhere. Is it
:13:32. > :13:36.just too ridiculous to imagine that the answer to this is just to put
:13:36. > :13:39.taxes up so we can actually pay to look after our elderly?
:13:39. > :13:42.It isn't ridiculous to suggest that we should use the tax system
:13:42. > :13:45.progressively to look after and care for people in old age. It's
:13:45. > :13:48.ridiculous politically because nobody will touch it with a barge
:13:48. > :13:52.pole. Why not? Because people are scared of
:13:52. > :13:55.arguing about tax and spend. They're scared of the consequences
:13:55. > :14:01.at the moment of the economic impact of course in terms of
:14:01. > :14:04.further depression of our economy. So with taxpayers apparently unable
:14:04. > :14:07.or unwilling to pay for the increasing care demands of the
:14:07. > :14:13.elderly, the search is on for ways to provide help without the need
:14:13. > :14:17.for large amounts of public money. I've come to Wickford in Essex to
:14:17. > :14:20.see one of the country's hundred or so home-shares in action, an idea
:14:21. > :14:25.already very popular on the continent. My husband died in 2002.
:14:25. > :14:30.I've had rheumatoid for about 20 years. And then gradually I found I
:14:30. > :14:35.was getting worse. My daughter did some research and
:14:35. > :14:39.came up with Share and Care. She rang up one day and said "how would
:14:39. > :14:45.you feel about a man?". And I thought, "A man? A man?". Well, why
:14:45. > :14:51.not!? 80-year-old Iona was matched with 45-year-old Graham, an NHS
:14:51. > :14:56.worker. Crikey. What's the next one, it'll
:14:56. > :15:02.come to me. Liberace! For the last two years they've
:15:02. > :15:04.lived alongside each other here in Iona's home. The deal is that he
:15:04. > :15:08.lives rent-free in return for spending around ten hours a week
:15:08. > :15:11.helping out. You see the advert and it says, OK,
:15:11. > :15:16.this is not going to be a flat- share with another NHS worker. This
:15:16. > :15:18.is going to be living with an older person. Live-in carer, taking care
:15:19. > :15:21.of the chickens, doing some shopping, mowing the lawn, a few
:15:21. > :15:27.repairs and bits and bobs, a bit of company.
:15:27. > :15:31.It's allowed you to stay here in your own home? Well, exactly. I
:15:31. > :15:40.desperately wanted to stay here. I love my house, I intend to be
:15:40. > :15:45.carried out in my coffin from here. You don't have a, it is free board
:15:45. > :15:51.and lodging in return from some chores? You are friends. We are
:15:51. > :15:55.friends. He has been absolutely amazing. He's given me my life. My
:15:55. > :15:58.quality of life has risen like that. We laugh, he makes me roar with
:15:58. > :16:04.laughter. And sometimes I make you roar with laughter. Yeah, when you
:16:04. > :16:07.tell dirty jokes! You know, it's so nice when you see
:16:07. > :16:15.something that clearly works as well as that does. It's not for
:16:15. > :16:19.everybody. Clearly the older person needs to have a spare room and
:16:19. > :16:22.their needs, I think, can't be too severe and thirdly and perhaps most
:16:22. > :16:28.importantly the characters have to be right to get that kind of
:16:28. > :16:30.special relationship. So it is an answer, but it's not the answer.
:16:30. > :16:32.need an imaginative, joined-up holistic answer that mobilises and
:16:32. > :16:35.supports families with caring, that gets the community involved, that
:16:35. > :16:41.gets younger older people who are still active as part of the
:16:41. > :16:45.solution. And over on the Isle of Wight, there's a unique social
:16:45. > :16:53.experiment being piloted that aims to do just that. It's called "Care
:16:53. > :16:58.4 Care" and, again, the idea is simple. For every hour of voluntary
:16:58. > :17:02.care that people put in for their elderly neighbours. They build up
:17:02. > :17:06.an hour's worth of care credit that they can keep in a time bank and
:17:06. > :17:11.then use for their own care later in life. Hello, Pearl. How are you
:17:11. > :17:14.today? One of the youngest of the 150 or so members who've signed up
:17:14. > :17:21.for the pilot scheme is 36-year-old Lewis, who's been helping out 87-
:17:21. > :17:24.year-old Pearl. I've been coming to see Pearl for about six months now.
:17:24. > :17:27.I've notched up 20 hours and I would like to think that those
:17:27. > :17:33.hours are banked to go towards either helping my mother or helping
:17:33. > :17:36.myself if and when I need it. It can encourage you so much to
:17:36. > :17:39.actually get out there and do something.
:17:39. > :17:48.The thing is my fingers, the top joint doesn't go over, so therefore
:17:48. > :17:52.I can't pick up things properly. I spend quite a lot of time talking
:17:52. > :17:57.to him and he talks to me, but that's a big help to me because
:17:57. > :18:03.people don't come. Care 4 Care is the brainchild of Professor Heinz
:18:03. > :18:07.Woolf, who hopes it will play a key part in solving the care crisis.
:18:07. > :18:16.hope that over the next three years or so, we will build it into quite
:18:16. > :18:19.a large national scheme. I hope there might be a million members.
:18:19. > :18:22.The problem is whether the next generation is sufficiently keen to
:18:22. > :18:29.ensure safety in the own age to invest the hours which would buy
:18:29. > :18:32.them their care pension. Here in Westminster of course, the talk is
:18:32. > :18:38.all about cuts and austerity, not spending billions more caring for
:18:38. > :18:41.our elderly. So the responsibility falls on wider society. On
:18:41. > :18:51.communities, on neighbourhoods, on families, to fill that gap and help
:18:51. > :18:59.
:18:59. > :19:03.all of us feel more confident about Go 50 years ago this week, at the
:19:03. > :19:08.height of the Cold War, the Russians started building missiles
:19:08. > :19:14.in Cuba. The Americans reacted and for a few weeks, the world was on
:19:14. > :19:19.the brink of nuclear war. It was caught the Cuban missile crisis.
:19:19. > :19:26.But if what all three had begun, it could have started in Lincolnshire,
:19:26. > :19:32.not in Cuba! It is a summer's day at RAF
:19:32. > :19:38.Waddington and the crowds are out for the station's annual aviation
:19:38. > :19:45.showcase. In October 1962, it was home to the Vulcan bombers of the
:19:45. > :19:55.RAF's V sauce. Today it is hosting the air show. We would have had
:19:55. > :19:58.
:19:58. > :20:03.none of this if events 50 years ago Within the past week, unmistakable
:20:03. > :20:08.evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missiles
:20:08. > :20:13.sides is now in preparation... Cuban missile crisis was the
:20:13. > :20:17.nearest we ever got Duke World War Three. Russia placed nuclear
:20:17. > :20:22.weapons in Cuba and aimed them at America, and they were not scared
:20:22. > :20:27.off by the Americas setting offers a blockade. There seemed only one
:20:27. > :20:30.conclusion. We were potentially minutes away from nuclear war and
:20:30. > :20:35.the first bomb of this conflict could have been launched not from
:20:36. > :20:40.Cuba, but from Lincolnshire. In 1962, if we had launched a nuclear
:20:40. > :20:44.bomb towards Russia, the weapon would have begun its journey in the
:20:44. > :20:49.east of England. Lincolnshire was very important for deterrent
:20:49. > :20:53.purposes in the Cold War and of course, the V bombers carried the
:20:53. > :20:59.nuclear-weapons, and you also had the Thor missile complexes that
:20:59. > :21:06.would applied from 1958 onwards -- that were deployed. It was getting
:21:06. > :21:09.very hot towards the time of the Cuban missile crisis. A group of
:21:09. > :21:13.aviation historians in Lincolnshire, collecting first-hand accounts of
:21:13. > :21:21.the Cuba crisis, are finding that some of them do not quite match the
:21:21. > :21:25.version on file. In the official record that Bomber Command were put
:21:25. > :21:29.up to alert condition three at 1pm on Saturday afternoon, but people
:21:29. > :21:36.say they can remember on the Thursday before, things were
:21:36. > :21:42.already happening on the station. Attention, attention. It does not
:21:42. > :21:49.quite tally that some of the time line seems to not go with the
:21:49. > :21:54.official version. We are so the record say we went on alert on
:21:54. > :21:59.Saturday but did we actually do this much earlier? We have come to
:21:59. > :22:09.another old airfield, Newark, looking for a crew who were on duty
:22:09. > :22:10.
:22:11. > :22:14.that week in 1962. We are at a reunion of the V force. We were
:22:14. > :22:18.watching television. A shadow across the windows. The knock on
:22:18. > :22:24.the door and it was the village policeman. He was sent back RAF
:22:24. > :22:33.Waddington to hoist me out and told me to go to work. I said, what for,
:22:33. > :22:37.constable? He said, if you don't know, I can't tell you. The ground
:22:37. > :22:44.crew were generating a their crews as fast as they could comic loading
:22:44. > :22:49.weapons on to the aircraft, and... I quickly got dressed in uniform, I
:22:49. > :22:56.kissed my wife and I said, if you hear us take off, you go, take
:22:56. > :23:01.wickets and go. And then I left. -- take the children. The UK official
:23:01. > :23:05.accounts say Saturday but American records say two days earlier,
:23:05. > :23:12.American ballistic weapons were being made ready in the east of
:23:12. > :23:16.England on RAF bases. This was once Ari of Hampton in Northamptonshire.
:23:16. > :23:23.This and Lincolnshire are the only places in the UK where there are
:23:23. > :23:28.visible remains of the Thor nuclear missile -- RAF Harrington. These
:23:28. > :23:36.huge blast also protected the equipment and personnel from the
:23:36. > :23:44.actual launch, go and down here, on this concrete pad, there were some
:23:44. > :23:52.hangars, it run on rails, and when the missile was at risk, as it were,
:23:52. > :23:57.it lay in the hangouts. A -- hang there. The RAF controls the firing
:23:57. > :24:02.but it cannot be blasted us without the agreement of the British and US
:24:02. > :24:06.governments. This was a line of first defence for America. Indeed,
:24:06. > :24:13.one of the only ways at that stage they could target missiles at
:24:13. > :24:17.Russia. It made us very vulnerable here. Because Thor was jointly
:24:17. > :24:26.controlled by Britain and America, when America went on alert, so did
:24:26. > :24:34.we. Kennedy ordered the Strategic Air Command took two stages below
:24:34. > :24:39.war, and this was without knowledge of the British public. Britain was
:24:39. > :24:43.not consulted by President Kennedy, but my bet their ministers nor the
:24:43. > :24:48.Premier would let that stand in their way of the statesmanlike
:24:48. > :24:51.assessment of a crisis. By the Saturday, two days on, it was
:24:51. > :24:57.deadlock between the Americans and the Russians and we officially went
:24:57. > :25:03.on alert. Unbeknown to the general public, threw up the east of
:25:03. > :25:11.England Thor and the V bomber crews were ready to 0 at five minutes'
:25:11. > :25:15.notice. Bath attention, attention, this is the bomber Controller.
:25:15. > :25:20.Every time the station Tannoy a wind, it would switch a bit because
:25:20. > :25:25.the Tannoy it would click, "attention, attention, this is the
:25:25. > :25:29.bomber controlled". We studied the targets, we knew what we had to do,
:25:30. > :25:36.we knew that if we did have to scramble, if we did have to go to
:25:36. > :25:40.war, the politicians would have lost control of the situation.
:25:40. > :25:44.rejoined the aircraft to fly and I wanted to be in the Red Arrows, and
:25:44. > :25:49.there I was in the wind and the rain arming a nuclear weapon, which
:25:49. > :25:57.was slightly different! We were sitting quietly chatting and my
:25:57. > :26:01.dear friend Paul got, in the V bomber, he suddenly got up and
:26:01. > :26:09.ambled over towards the aircraft, pulled a pencil from his flying
:26:09. > :26:14.suit pocket and go at eight CND badge on the side of the bomb, and
:26:14. > :26:24.we said, what did you do that for? And he said, but if we have to drop
:26:24. > :26:26.
:26:26. > :26:30.that Barber, those BEEP... The goal British people were worried about
:26:31. > :26:35.the crisis in Cuba but still had been told nothing of how war
:26:35. > :26:42.preparations had been made at Thames. This was a deliberate ploy
:26:42. > :26:46.by the Prime Minister. Mick million was concerned that any overt
:26:46. > :26:50.mobilisation would lead to walk -- Harold Macmillan. He was concerned
:26:50. > :26:55.that the British public should not panic and therefore, although the
:26:55. > :26:59.UK was demonstrably very vulnerable at this point, I think Harold
:26:59. > :27:03.Macmillan felt he wanted to keep the country on the sidelines,
:27:03. > :27:07.whereas in fact many people would have thought it really was on the
:27:07. > :27:13.frontline. Do you think he got it right? In the event, he could argue
:27:13. > :27:17.that he did, but had things gone desperately wrong, I am not sure
:27:17. > :27:22.those people of the British public would have banned him for it.
:27:22. > :27:29.the event, the gamble worked. The Russian ships were turned back and
:27:29. > :27:33.normal court or relations were resumed between the two superpowers.
:27:33. > :27:37.When we heard the ships had stopped and turned back, there was a very
:27:37. > :27:40.big sigh of relief because the tension had really built up to a
:27:40. > :27:49.big peak because we really did not know what was going to happen and
:27:49. > :27:56.neither did the rest of the world, really. And after the Cuban missile
:27:56. > :28:02.crisis, we rewrote the UK more books. The Thor places are already
:28:02. > :28:06.earmarked for closure. Never again will we brought back the same level
:28:06. > :28:11.of alert. But it is the first hand accounts of these men that will
:28:11. > :28:21.remind us of just how close we came to war. Look at that! That is
:28:21. > :28:30.
:28:30. > :28:36.That is all from me in Sheffield. If you have missed anything, you
:28:36. > :28:40.can catch it on the Via player. Find it on the website. And make