:00:24. > :00:33.Out. Tonight we are here in Bradford. This week, standing up for
:00:33. > :00:37.their rights. We need the employees taking on the employers failing to
:00:37. > :00:48.pay the minimum wage. —— we meet them. I found it odd that it was
:00:48. > :00:55.only £100 per week. Also, liar—liar! One of the most famous
:00:55. > :01:06.films of the region reaches the grand old age of 50. And dying
:01:06. > :01:14.heritage, the distinctive slate roofs that may end up disappearing.
:01:14. > :01:18.Tomorrow is a red letter day for over 1 million people across
:01:18. > :01:26.Britain. That is the date when the minimum wage goes up from £6 19 to
:01:26. > :01:34.£6 31 an hour. But is that enough to live on? And our employers even
:01:34. > :01:43.paying the minimum wage? That is really good. It is dearer in ASDA.
:01:43. > :01:48.Meet Shirley Scott, one of Sunderland's test shoppers. She
:01:48. > :02:00.knows the price of everything. That is 48p cheaper. What will this
:02:00. > :02:06.cost? £20. It is 1957. —— £19.57. That is amazing. I added it up. You
:02:06. > :02:12.have to know what you are doing when you are going to feed the family. I
:02:12. > :02:20.am getting two for the price of one. The reason surely's specialist
:02:21. > :02:24.subject —— the reason May's specialist subject is shopping is
:02:24. > :02:32.she is on the minimum wage. She would like the race tomorrow to be
:02:32. > :02:39.much higher. Do employers get it? No, they do not live in our world.
:02:39. > :02:45.The 12p rise will not make anyone rich but it will be
:02:45. > :02:48.many. The North East has 71,000 people paid the adult minimum wage.
:02:48. > :02:57.Yorkshire and the Humber has 139,000. The highest number is in
:02:57. > :03:00.the North West, 171,000. It is not enough for people and the cost of
:03:00. > :03:10.living has gone up massively. When even more —— we need more. There is
:03:10. > :03:13.too much of a gap between the higher earner and the lower earner. I
:03:13. > :03:20.support a living wage and most employers should head that way. What
:03:20. > :03:25.can you do with an extra 12p? That is not going to change anyone's
:03:25. > :03:30.life. When the previous covenant set up the minimum wage the idea was
:03:30. > :03:34.that was the absolute basic and employer could pay. It was the law.
:03:34. > :03:38.But in the last two years, there have been no prosecutions for
:03:38. > :03:43.breaking the rules, so you may think that everyone is playing by the
:03:43. > :03:50.book. Well, let's find out. Hello, how are you? Jump in. Karen knows
:03:50. > :03:56.these roads near Abbeytown in Cumbria well. She used to drive a
:03:56. > :04:01.minibus. We would pick up disabled children and take them to school. It
:04:01. > :04:04.was a good job. She was offered the job by a family friend, Wallace
:04:04. > :04:10.Cuthbert, and was offered £80 a week. After a while things did not
:04:10. > :04:19.add up. So you and a flat rate, the hours went up the money didn't
:04:19. > :04:24.really? No. How did that compare to wage? I dig it was a lot lower. I
:04:24. > :04:28.worked out I should be getting £135 a week. Fed up with being exploited,
:04:28. > :04:36.Karen went to an employment tribunal. What happened there? You
:04:36. > :04:40.could not afford a solicitor. No, we went on the internet and looked at
:04:40. > :04:57.everything we needed to know. And he won. Yes. —— and you won. Yes macro.
:04:57. > :05:01.The minimum wage is a good idea but needs to be enforced. Next up, a man
:05:01. > :05:10.whose early business career looked very promising. David knows all
:05:10. > :05:17.about clinching a deal. I have six appointments from BT business
:05:18. > :05:20.customers. In 2004, he was voted Yorkshire's Young Apprentice of the
:05:20. > :05:25.Year after setting up Axis Telecom and another company, Servizon, in
:05:25. > :05:29.Hull. Haps learning from his own experience, employed nearly 200
:05:29. > :05:36.staff as apprentices. —— haps learning. I found it really odd that
:05:36. > :05:45.it was only £100 a week but I kept on going because they mentioned
:05:45. > :05:48.bonuses. Allen and Lewis were taken on as apprentices. As such, they
:05:48. > :05:56.work paid well below the minimum wage. They would say £100 a week is
:05:56. > :06:00.nothing so you need to make sales to have something to live on.
:06:00. > :06:03.Eventually, both of them did come into some money but only after the
:06:03. > :06:10.company was taken to an employment tribunal. The boss was ordered to
:06:10. > :06:18.pay more than £100,000 after underpaying his staff. At the time,
:06:18. > :06:26.I was like, oh, I have won it, but really, it was my money anyway. It
:06:26. > :06:30.has made me more aware of the weight employers try to cheat you out of
:06:30. > :06:36.money and things. It was a good learning experience. David Meyers
:06:36. > :06:51.also declined to be interviewed but told me...
:06:51. > :06:58.There is one thing all these people have in common. Although the
:06:58. > :07:03.employers broke the law, the cases were brought in employment tribunal
:07:03. > :07:06.'s, not the criminal courts. So far that means there have only been
:07:07. > :07:12.eight prosecutions in England for nonpayment since the minimum wage
:07:12. > :07:16.was introduced and none in the last two years. Her Majesty 's Revenue
:07:16. > :07:21.and Customs police the system, so are they tough enough? A couple of
:07:21. > :07:30.years ago we tried to use Revenue and Customs to enforce the minimum
:07:30. > :07:36.wage but we found out that they were cumbersome, time—consuming, slow.
:07:36. > :07:44.They were reluctant to enforce it, even. Our clients found that Revenue
:07:44. > :07:48.and Customs were not doing anything. So we chose to go down the tribunal
:07:48. > :07:52.route. But that is going to get harder. Six months ago, the
:07:52. > :07:56.Government scrapped legal aid for employment advice, and there is
:07:56. > :08:01.more. Many people will now have to pay a listing fee at an employment
:08:01. > :08:06.tribunal. You are depicting and you have to pay just to have your case
:08:06. > :08:12.heard. It is absurd. —— you are the victim. And there is no guarantee
:08:12. > :08:17.that even if they win the case that they will get the tribunal feedback.
:08:18. > :08:24.So who is in charge? I am off to see Vince cable, the Business Secretary
:08:24. > :08:31.and the man who has promised action. People who... People on minimum wage
:08:31. > :08:37.are not going to be able to afford the £100 just to get to tribunal. We
:08:37. > :08:41.are looking at how we can toughen up processes to make it easier for the
:08:41. > :08:46.authorities to take action. It strikes me that for an employer who
:08:46. > :08:51.wants to get around the minimum wage it is fairly easy, because the finds
:08:51. > :08:55.are not great and the person earning below minimum wage cannot afford to
:08:55. > :08:58.take it any further. That is why I have been trying to move the system
:08:58. > :09:05.forward and in future, naming forward and in future, naming and
:09:05. > :09:10.shaming will be a much bigger part of the action. So we will see
:09:10. > :09:17.change? Oh, yes. So if an employment law firm in Liverpool is turning
:09:17. > :09:22.away hundreds of people, but does tell you there was a problem? If
:09:22. > :09:28.that is the case, why don't they bring it to the Revenue and Customs
:09:28. > :09:39.or to me on and I will try to ensure more action is taken? Programme is
:09:39. > :09:44.half an hour. Based on your salary, you have earned £32,000 during our
:09:44. > :09:52.programme. Someone on the minimum wage has earned just over £3. Is
:09:52. > :09:56.that fair? No, there are differentials. I certainly want to
:09:56. > :09:59.see upward movement in the minimum wage but we do not at the same time
:09:59. > :10:04.want to bring so much pressure on small firms, some of which have just
:10:04. > :10:11.survived through this very difficult period, and pitched them out of
:10:11. > :10:15.work. Last week the Labour Party said it would increase the £5,000
:10:15. > :10:20.fine for firms not paying minimum wage to £50,000. Vince Cable did not
:10:20. > :10:25.promised he would follow suit but he said we would see tougher action
:10:25. > :10:29.against rogue employers in future. If you have any views on that story
:10:29. > :10:36.or you know a story we should be covering, please contact us.
:10:36. > :10:43.You can do so via Facebook or Twitter. Coming up: A dying art. The
:10:43. > :10:52.distinctive slate roofs which could become a rarity in Lincolnshire.
:10:52. > :10:59.This year sees the 50th anniversary of one of the best movies ever made
:10:59. > :11:05.in Yorkshire. Filmed right here in Bradford, it starred Tom Courtenay
:11:05. > :11:11.and an up—and—coming actress at the time, Julie Christie, and it paints
:11:11. > :11:31.a picture of Bradford when the 1960s were just getting into full swing.
:11:31. > :11:36.Up you can't beat a good film, can you? And this is one of the best. It
:11:36. > :11:42.was made 50 years ago in Yorkshire. To fully understand the impact Billy
:11:42. > :11:46.Liar had, I am going to take you back to 19 six D3. The North had
:11:46. > :11:51.suddenly become fashionable. For a lot of people, this was the year the
:11:51. > :11:54.60s began. 50 years ago, Bradford was the
:11:54. > :11:57.backdrop for a film which told the story of Billy Fisher — an office
:11:57. > :12:03.boy for a local undertaker who escapes into a fantasy world far
:12:03. > :12:15.away from his everyday life. Billy was played by a young actor from
:12:15. > :12:25.Hull, Tom Courtenay. For me, it was the boy, because I was that. I was
:12:25. > :12:28.very lucky. It was very personal to me. The script was written by two
:12:28. > :12:34.writers from Leeds, Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall. And the whole film
:12:34. > :12:39.was rooted in the West Riding. The film—makers came here to Bradford.
:12:39. > :12:42.It was a city that was starting to look very different, and social
:12:42. > :12:45.attitudes were about to change as well. Times were changing, and Billy
:12:45. > :12:52.Liar's Yorkshire locations showed how the film industry was adapting
:12:52. > :12:58.too. Billy Liar very much was a movie that was made on location. It
:12:58. > :13:02.proved to be bold that you could make it outside, outside of London,
:13:02. > :13:07.in the provinces. It is also a time capsule. It shows a Bradford that
:13:07. > :13:10.does not exist any more. It shows the Victorian architecture that made
:13:10. > :13:18.the city what it was has been swept away. In many ways, in the 50 years
:13:18. > :13:24.since the movie was finished and filmed here, the city has changed
:13:25. > :13:29.absolutely. In 1963, Helen Fraser was a young actress straight out of
:13:29. > :13:38.drama school. She got the part of Barbara, who wants to marry Billy
:13:38. > :13:44.and settle down. Billy? It was very exciting, my first big film, and
:13:44. > :13:49.Bradford is not like it was today. It was a very noisy city, and we
:13:49. > :13:53.used a lot of it for the locations, including the street. Sometimes I
:13:53. > :14:03.think you are avoiding me. We are supposed to be in gauge. A lot of
:14:03. > :14:08.young men saw themselves in billy. Battalion excavation mark A section
:14:08. > :14:11.of the film was shot in Leeds — a victory procession through a
:14:11. > :14:13.demolition site in Armley. Amateur cameraman David Chapman filmed the
:14:13. > :14:16.sequence being shot, in a slum clearance area where terraces of
:14:16. > :14:25.back to back houses were being pulled down. It was very busy. There
:14:25. > :14:31.was a tremendous number of people there, and really quite exciting.
:14:31. > :14:39.Chapman got easy access to Tom Courtenay, as well as Billy Liar's
:14:39. > :14:45.director, John Schlesinger. There he was with Tom Courtenay on this horse
:14:45. > :14:49.and he was asking Tom Courtenay to make some funny faces. For Rita
:14:49. > :14:54.Mallison and Jean Jacques, it was a taste of stardom. They were extras,
:14:54. > :14:57.playing women soldiers. They answered a newspaper ad for women
:14:57. > :15:01.who were six feet tall. But they spent most of the day hanging around
:15:01. > :15:09.— Tom Courtenay had the same problem. I like filming now, I
:15:09. > :15:13.hardly do any. I like it much better than I used to do when I was
:15:13. > :15:17.younger. There was a lot of waiting around, but now that is my favourite
:15:17. > :15:20.part. When the film was released, Rita and Jean found they weren't on
:15:21. > :15:26.screen for long. The first couple of times I don't think I could even see
:15:26. > :15:33.myself. But eventually, you pin it down. It has been a talking point
:15:33. > :15:38.for years. David Chapman shot another piece of Billy Liar footage
:15:38. > :15:40.in front of Leeds Town Hall. As Tom Courtenay reviews a parade, there's
:15:40. > :15:49.a dark—haired actress beside him called Topsy Jane. At the time,
:15:49. > :15:52.Topsy Jane was riding high. In The Loneliness of the Long Distance
:15:52. > :15:59.Runner, she'd worked well with Tom Courtenay. It is nice appear. Now,
:16:00. > :16:08.the two young stars were being reunited. What are we going to do
:16:08. > :16:14.when we get back to Nottingham? Do you remember an actress called Topsy
:16:14. > :16:21.Jane? She was an earth mother type. But, after a few weeks filming,
:16:21. > :16:25.Topsy Jane dropped out. Topsy Jane became ill, she had a nervous
:16:25. > :16:31.breakdown, she had to leave the movie. And they had a real problem
:16:31. > :16:35.because they had to either cancel everything or refilled it. The part
:16:35. > :16:37.went to a newcomer who became one of the '60s' biggest stars, Julie
:16:38. > :16:41.Christie. Sections of Billy Liar had to be re—shot. Sometimes the gaps
:16:41. > :16:46.still show. When Julie Christie's character first arrives in Bradford,
:16:46. > :16:55.there's snow on the ground. But she's greeted by Courtenay in
:16:55. > :17:01.brilliant sunshine. You've got Julie Christie playing Liz, who
:17:01. > :17:05.personifies the swinging 60s. The 60s with a decade of the pill,
:17:06. > :17:10.burning your bra, sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. As soon as she is on
:17:10. > :17:16.screen, she lifts it to another level. What was your first reaction
:17:16. > :17:22.when you heard you had been awarded the winner? I don't know what
:17:22. > :17:25.happened, I had a blackout from the moment I heard Christie. Within
:17:25. > :17:28.three years, Christie would win an Oscar for her role in the film
:17:28. > :17:31.Darling, also directed by John Schlesinger. Topsy Jane never made
:17:31. > :17:35.another movie. If Julie Christie was the swinging '60s, Helen Fraser's
:17:35. > :17:41.character came from a different era. In Undercliffe Cemetery, Billy tried
:17:41. > :17:49.to talk their relationship through. I know what you mean, we must be
:17:49. > :17:55.patient. We would only regret it. Just have one more energy tablet.
:17:55. > :18:00.She was rather old—fashioned but she had the right ideas and she longed
:18:00. > :18:08.for a little cottage in the country. She was not your archetypal 60s rock
:18:08. > :18:15.chick, was she? No. There were parts in the film, they were a bit saucy.
:18:15. > :18:24.The fantasy scenes. Billy kept having dreams. We could have... One
:18:24. > :18:29.of the dreams was what he would like Barbara to be really like. I was
:18:29. > :18:36.measured for a black lace corset and a negligee and I had to walk towards
:18:36. > :18:42.swinging an orange on a ribbon. I had to shoot it three times because
:18:42. > :18:50.I could not be sexy enough. I was such an innocent little girl! 50
:18:50. > :18:53.years on, Billy Liar is still part of some people's lives. Billy's home
:18:53. > :18:56.is a real house, in a real street. And it's in Baildon. Its owners are
:18:56. > :19:09.proud that their home was part of the film. I have got to ask, do you
:19:09. > :19:13.like the film? I love it. We have got the film, I have been to the
:19:13. > :19:18.cinema to see it. That is one of the reasons I wanted the house. Your
:19:18. > :19:23.custodians of a little piece of British film history, aren't you? It
:19:23. > :19:29.is nice that you are maintaining a bit of history. We are maintaining a
:19:29. > :19:35.few things like the wallpaper, we have got 50—year—old wallpaper. It
:19:35. > :19:42.still looks really good. Do you make them sit and watch Billy liar when
:19:42. > :19:44.people come round? It is compulsory, they have to watch it.
:19:44. > :19:54.So that's Billy Liar. A film Yorkshire can be proud of — with a
:19:54. > :19:59.lot of happy memories. Here in Bradford's Little Germany,
:19:59. > :20:04.many of these 19th—century warehouses made from stone, have
:20:04. > :20:10.been preserved and restored in recent years. But over in rural
:20:10. > :20:14.Lincolnshire, there is a distinctive slate roofing material which is in
:20:14. > :20:22.danger of dying out completely. We have been finding out more.
:20:22. > :20:26.As someone who is passionate about our heritage, I have always felt you
:20:26. > :20:31.should be able to stand anywhere in the country and know what part of
:20:31. > :20:34.Britain you are in. And where Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and
:20:34. > :20:37.Lincolnshire and Rutland converge, you can do just that. It is the
:20:38. > :20:42.stone buildings that make this distinctive honey coloured
:20:42. > :20:47.landscape. I just love the building materials around here, that golden
:20:47. > :20:52.yellow limestone. Look at the roof, organic, natural looking. It really
:20:52. > :20:56.blends into the landscape. The distinctive stone slate used to make
:20:56. > :21:00.these routes, it is only found around here. This is the village
:21:00. > :21:06.that gives it its name, Collyweston. But the unique character that
:21:06. > :21:10.Collyweston slate gives the local buildings is at risk. And with it,
:21:10. > :21:14.the extraordinary heritage that has gone to make this area so special.
:21:14. > :21:19.This is the type of stone that goes to make Collyweston slate. It is
:21:19. > :21:23.just wonderful, look at the colour variation. It is really
:21:23. > :21:31.fine—grained, it has got silica sand and it. Really superb, hard wearing
:21:31. > :21:36.stuff. This stone is such a perfect roofing material that this was once
:21:36. > :21:42.home to a thriving mining industry. Hundreds of men would split their
:21:42. > :21:46.time between farming in the summer and mining in the winter. A mine
:21:46. > :21:55.shaft in the middle of an industrial estate. It is getting cold, from
:21:55. > :21:59.this height down, it is getting really cold. I am on my way down to
:21:59. > :22:09.meet mine owner and Slater Claude Smith. Follow me. This is the
:22:09. > :22:14.entrance to a closed slate mine. This is incredible, I didn't expect
:22:14. > :22:19.anything like this. This mine opened in 1846 and spreads out beneath the
:22:20. > :22:25.entire industry state. The scene of Collyweston stone is not even high
:22:25. > :22:32.enough for me to stand up in. What we are standing on is quite sandy,
:22:32. > :22:44.and it starts above this and goes up to how high? So that is the top of
:22:44. > :22:48.it? That's all it is. He showed me how the stone is mind through brute
:22:48. > :22:53.force coupled with an intimate knowledge of the stone, including
:22:53. > :22:57.the peculiar sound can make. So what about this thing I can read about
:22:57. > :23:05.that Mac this thing I have read about it clicking or talking. They
:23:05. > :23:12.used to say it talk to you. You are perfectly safe. It is estimated that
:23:12. > :23:19.there is enough Collyweston stone in this mine to roof 3000 houses. No
:23:19. > :23:24.new slate has been produced here for decades, however. The mines had all
:23:24. > :23:27.fallen into disuse by the late 1970s. They would need massive
:23:27. > :23:33.investment to bring them back into production. That lack of new slate
:23:33. > :23:38.means there is a limited supply for new buildings and repairs. Recycled
:23:38. > :23:42.slate, salvaged from demolished buildings, is used. But this supply
:23:42. > :23:48.is dwindling so there is a real danger that people will be forced to
:23:48. > :23:53.reroof with foreign materials. Here is a classic example, a lovely old
:23:53. > :24:00.barn, maybe 18th century. At some point in the past, they smack slate
:24:00. > :24:05.roof has been slipped —— stripped. You might think roofing materials
:24:05. > :24:08.are not important, but if we lose these local distinctions, everywhere
:24:08. > :24:12.just begins to look the same. We lose the skills to maintain the
:24:12. > :24:16.places we love as well. The tragedy is, when that happens, we don't just
:24:16. > :24:20.change the look of a place, we change its heritage, its history
:24:20. > :24:27.will stop the story of the miners and the slaters who built places
:24:27. > :24:31.like this. This man knows the problem only too
:24:31. > :24:38.well. He is one of an increasingly rare bleed, —— increasingly rare
:24:38. > :24:44.bleed, —— increasingly rare breed. This piece of log would have been
:24:44. > :24:46.weathered and if you look closely, you can see all the veins in the log
:24:46. > :24:55.there. chance to work on new stone like
:24:55. > :25:01.this. The biggest problem is we can't get enough new slate. If there
:25:01. > :25:07.is not enough been produced, we tend to go to reclaim. Most of it is
:25:07. > :25:12.reclaim here. We make up the shortfall is that way. We need to
:25:12. > :25:18.find a way of producing Collyweston slate again. To keep the industry
:25:18. > :25:21.going? It is not just the difficulty in mining the stone, because it
:25:21. > :25:25.might be possible to get sufficient quantities from quarries. But
:25:25. > :25:29.traditionally, once the stone was brought out, it was left outside for
:25:29. > :25:35.at least three winters so the frost could expose the natural joints.
:25:35. > :25:39.Today, that is not commercially attractive. English Heritage is
:25:39. > :25:44.working on a scientific solution. Locked away in here, we have four
:25:44. > :25:51.pallets of stone which are being artificially grown. The art —— the
:25:51. > :25:59.idea being to speed up the process. So the idea is to give nature at
:25:59. > :26:04.helping hand? Yes. The stone has been extracted from a local quarry
:26:04. > :26:09.to experiment with the idea. The stone is thoroughly saturated before
:26:09. > :26:21.going into the freezer. So how are the experiments going? I will show
:26:21. > :26:24.you over here. This is log that has been in probably once. It is all
:26:24. > :26:32.still still very thick, no noticeable
:26:32. > :26:39.heading plain showing up. If you look at the stone here, you can see
:26:39. > :26:44.very clearly that it is beginning to appear much cleaner. When we get to
:26:44. > :26:51.the slot, which has had at least three cycles, if you look at the
:26:51. > :27:00.thickness of that. So we're getting there? That's right. We have a lot
:27:00. > :27:14.of work to do. It was very successful in the lab. There is a
:27:14. > :27:18.lot more work. I hope we can find a solution to this problem, because it
:27:18. > :27:24.is absolutely unthinkable that we should lose this great tradition. I
:27:24. > :27:32.have come to meet up again with Sean, who was re—roofing are barred
:27:32. > :27:39.with Collyweston slate. This roof looks absolutely beautiful. Thank
:27:39. > :27:44.you, appreciate that. I can see how these diminishing courses work. How
:27:44. > :27:52.long does it take you to do reflect this? Two, three slaters, about six
:27:53. > :28:06.or seven weeks. We have more work going on. We have got a roof just
:28:06. > :28:13.starting that needs levels. You can have a go yourself. Can I? They sit
:28:13. > :28:20.better that way. I have got to get this right. They have got to match
:28:21. > :28:29.the bottom. Leave a little bit of a gap. Hopefully this will still be
:28:29. > :28:38.here in centuries' time. I hope they will. Let's hope so.
:28:38. > :28:45.That's all from us tonight here in Bradford. Make sure you join us next
:28:45. > :28:49.week. We will be meeting the Rugby League players suffering with health
:28:49. > :28:54.problems. Visiting an often overlooked area of the Pennines and
:28:54. > :28:59.reminding people of the super clubs of the 1960s.