:00:04. > :00:14.less important than the prosperity -- prosperity borne by this strange
:00:14. > :00:17.
:00:17. > :00:20.mixture of communism and capitalism. On Newsnight Scotland: Is the sense
:00:20. > :00:22.of Britishness in decline? A report out today suggests talk of
:00:22. > :00:25.Scotland's constitutional future is creating a stronger sense of
:00:25. > :00:28.English identity, and increasing demands for England to have its own
:00:28. > :00:38.parliament. So what do people in England think of Scottish
:00:38. > :00:49.
:00:49. > :00:52.We've been asking the people of Cornwall to find out. Good evening.
:00:52. > :00:54.Until now you'd be forgiven for thinking all eyes have been fixed
:00:54. > :00:57.on the arguments over an independence referendum in Scotland.
:00:57. > :00:59.Today the focus shifted to a wider consequence of the debate over our
:00:59. > :01:02.constitutional future. A report from the Institute for Public
:01:02. > :01:05.Policy Research has found evidence of a growing sense of English
:01:05. > :01:12.identity, with more and more people south of the border feeling the
:01:12. > :01:17.current devolved set-up is leaving them short changed. England learned
:01:17. > :01:22.the hard way at the South African World Cup in 2010 that things do
:01:22. > :01:28.not always turn out as you want. Their exit at the hands of Germany
:01:28. > :01:31.was clearly a painful experience. It is not just on the pitch and
:01:31. > :01:39.terraces that people are questioning themselves, they have
:01:40. > :01:46.been doing soul-searching on the political front as well. With
:01:46. > :01:54.devolution an issue for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland for
:01:54. > :01:58.over a decade perhaps now it is their turn. Scotland remember how
:01:58. > :02:04.painful the ups and downs of national identity can be. As
:02:04. > :02:10.Scotland prepares for an independence referendum many in
:02:10. > :02:15.England are asking what this should mean for them. Attitudes towards
:02:15. > :02:19.Englishness is the subject of a report. The work carried out in
:02:19. > :02:25.England last summer found that a new angle British identity was
:02:25. > :02:35.emerging. The current UK structure of Government is deemed unfair and
:02:35. > :02:40.that an English dimension to the governance of England is needed. If
:02:40. > :02:45.Englishness in a cultural sense did simultaneously link with both the
:02:45. > :02:51.Rolling Stones and Morris dancing, what might Englishness in a
:02:51. > :02:55.political sense mean? The deputy leader of the Lib Dems says an
:02:55. > :03:01.English parliament would be a start because the current system has
:03:01. > :03:07.become unjust to England and should not continue. His boss, the Deputy
:03:07. > :03:13.Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, is not amused. You deputy has called for
:03:13. > :03:19.an English parliament, do you agree? I do not agree with that. He
:03:19. > :03:24.has had these used for many years. Do you think England are under-
:03:24. > :03:28.represented in the system? I think when the argument is about
:03:28. > :03:35.wrenching Scotland out of the system, let's focus on that debate
:03:35. > :03:45.and get the SNP to provide basic answers. As we in Scotland prepare
:03:45. > :03:47.
:03:47. > :03:52.to celebrate our Bard this week, in a country where independence is a
:03:52. > :03:56.possibility Englishness and Britishness can no longer be passed
:03:56. > :04:02.off as the same thing. I'm joined now from Cardiff by one of the
:04:03. > :04:08.authors of the report, Professor Richard Wyn Jones. What do you
:04:08. > :04:13.think is behind this increasing sense of Englishness? I think there
:04:13. > :04:19.are a variety of factors at work. Some clearly is a response to the
:04:19. > :04:25.perceived unfairness of the devolution settlement anomalies.
:04:25. > :04:29.English voters are clearly very unhappy, increasingly unhappy with
:04:29. > :04:35.the so-called West Lothian question scenario. There is an increasing
:04:35. > :04:43.sense among English voters that Scotland and Wales do very well out
:04:43. > :04:51.of devolution, unfairly well. There is more than that. I think sport is
:04:51. > :04:58.part of it. National identity as we in Wales and Scotland know is part
:04:58. > :05:03.of a bigger phenomenon. There are also deeper seated cultural changes
:05:03. > :05:08.at work at the popular level. One of the fascinating things about
:05:08. > :05:14.what is a occurring in England is that it is occurring at the popular
:05:14. > :05:18.level. Very few politicians are comfortable with this. It was
:05:18. > :05:24.probably being en Nick Clegg's comments, it is not something he is
:05:24. > :05:29.comfortable dealing with. But is an increasing sense of English
:05:29. > :05:34.identity the same as an increasing sense of English nationalism?
:05:34. > :05:39.is an interesting question. What we find in England is that similar to
:05:39. > :05:44.Scotland and here in Wales most people still have an overlapping
:05:44. > :05:49.sense of English and British identity. The English dimension of
:05:49. > :05:53.that is strengthening and crucially, the more English you feel, the more
:05:53. > :05:57.you feel that the present arrangements are not fear and the
:05:57. > :06:07.more you want to see what has been called an English dimension to your
:06:07. > :06:20.
:06:20. > :06:24.politics. -- not fear. -- fare. I am joined now from London by the
:06:24. > :06:27.Conservative MP John Redwood, who is author of the book The Death of
:06:27. > :06:30.Britain. It argued that devolution would fuel nationalist movements in
:06:30. > :06:36.Wales and Scotland. He is one of the party's leading Euro-sceptics.
:06:36. > :06:42.With identity, do you see yourself as the English or British? Like
:06:42. > :06:48.many English people, my sense of loyalty is moving. If you asked me
:06:48. > :06:52.ten years ago, I would not have hesitated by saying British,
:06:52. > :06:58.belonging to the United Kingdom, proud of my united country. The
:06:59. > :07:03.more devolution changes the country, the more we say we are English.
:07:03. > :07:10.Some of my constituents, more and more severe English identity as
:07:10. > :07:15.being more important than British identity. -- more and more seek
:07:16. > :07:23.their English identity. A lot of this is connected to the European
:07:23. > :07:31.Union. It is based on a dislike of an intrusive European Government.
:07:31. > :07:39.Argue in favour of an English parliament? I favour English boats
:07:39. > :07:44.bought English issues. -- votes. I would like Scotland to stay within
:07:45. > :07:50.the Union, but that is for the Scottish people to decide. Some
:07:50. > :07:55.people within England would like a vote themselves. I do not like
:07:55. > :07:59.bureaucracy and politicians, there are enough already. I want to see
:07:59. > :08:07.the English Parliament and United Kingdom Parliament co-existing in
:08:07. > :08:13.Westminster and English MPs making decisions for devolved England that
:08:13. > :08:19.MSPs will make in Edinburgh. That will require certification for each
:08:19. > :08:23.bill and is not as simple as it might seem. Could that then create
:08:23. > :08:30.different classes of MPs and drive wedges between different parts of
:08:30. > :08:35.the United Kingdom? I always thought the devolution settlement
:08:35. > :08:40.would not be permanent, it was always to unstable. That is that
:08:40. > :08:45.English and Welsh peoples would want increasing power, so it was a
:08:45. > :08:51.journey at not a settlement, then it could be followed by an English
:08:51. > :09:00.backlash. People in England would say, we want to make those
:09:00. > :09:09.decisions as well. Is there an English backlash? Clearly, in this
:09:09. > :09:14.latest polling, you can see people wanting English votes for English
:09:14. > :09:23.issues, the same devolution or England as Scotland already has.
:09:23. > :09:29.You can test which Bill is which, looking at what can be settled for
:09:29. > :09:37.England or Scotland. Do you think that independence for Scotland is
:09:37. > :09:42.inevitable? I do not think so. It will be an interesting debate. The
:09:42. > :09:48.latest polling tells me that it Scotland voted today on it,
:09:48. > :09:53.Scotland will vote to state in the Union. He said that devolution is
:09:53. > :09:58.usually a step towards breaking up the Union. That is the danger and
:09:58. > :10:03.it is what I have argued. Devolution has not proved to be a
:10:03. > :10:07.settlement, it is a journey and the Scottish nationalists are now in
:10:07. > :10:11.office in Edinburgh and wished to use their power base over an
:10:11. > :10:17.extended period of months to campaign for independence and
:10:17. > :10:21.honestly think, if the vote is delayed and campaigning is subtle,
:10:21. > :10:26.then the Scottish people can be persuaded to vote for independence.
:10:26. > :10:30.I believe that is why other parties in the union would like an early
:10:30. > :10:37.vote, whilst polling shows the Scottish people by a majority wish
:10:37. > :10:44.to state in the Union. You are in Westminster. Your Government could
:10:44. > :10:48.call its own vote. It could, but that would be better advised for
:10:48. > :10:52.the Government to do what it is doing, trying to negotiate with
:10:52. > :10:56.Alex Salmond and the Scottish Government for mutual agreement.
:10:56. > :11:01.The legal power lies with the parliament of the union, no one can
:11:01. > :11:07.deny that, but understanding the legal and political position, most
:11:07. > :11:12.of us agreed that the main interest is in Scotland and we are happy for
:11:12. > :11:18.Scottish votes to decide the future of Scotland within the Union. It
:11:18. > :11:24.then makes sense to me go see it that with Alex Salmond. -- to
:11:25. > :11:32.discuss that with Alex Salmond. Many of the people in Scotland who
:11:32. > :11:39.do not vote for the SNP, those people would also like to influence
:11:39. > :11:45.the question as Alex Salmond would. Why do you want to see the UK to
:11:45. > :11:49.stay intact? I am a traditionalist and conservative and on the whole
:11:49. > :11:53.it has been successful. It is only in recent years that it has become
:11:53. > :11:58.more ragged because of how devolution was handled, not
:11:58. > :12:03.offering enough to the Scots to satisfy Scottish ambition, not
:12:03. > :12:09.thinking about the English problem, and also connected with the gross
:12:09. > :12:14.intrusion of the European Union into our affairs. But its got and
:12:14. > :12:20.left the UK, or why would the rest of the UK be a less good place as a
:12:20. > :12:25.result? I think we have been stronger together in the past and
:12:25. > :12:29.could be in the future. There will be a lot of things to a scramble
:12:29. > :12:34.that will be difficult. But it is ultimately for the Scottish people
:12:34. > :12:39.to decide. You will not let me discuss what matters to England.
:12:39. > :12:44.England once votes on English issues, so we can make our own
:12:44. > :12:49.decisions, but England deeply resents the European Union's
:12:49. > :12:54.attempts to break-up England into a series of mock regions we do not
:12:54. > :12:59.recognise and do not reflect her mac identities. Scotland and Wales
:12:59. > :13:04.has a single identity as separate regions. We in England are being
:13:04. > :13:12.attacked, as we see it, by the European Union, but this England
:13:12. > :13:16.cannot speak its name. That is fuelling the resentment in England.
:13:16. > :13:25.Some people in your party think that there should be a vote across
:13:25. > :13:29.the United Kingdom on the future of Scotland. Are you in that camp?
:13:29. > :13:36.I am not. This is in their interests of the Scottish people
:13:36. > :13:38.and it would be happy for Scotland to make her own decision. If you
:13:38. > :13:44.want to break-up the union, looking at current bowling, it would be
:13:44. > :13:51.wise to have more English people voting, because Scottish
:13:51. > :13:54.independence seems to be more popular in England. John Redwood,
:13:54. > :13:58.life at Westminster, thank you very much.
:13:58. > :14:04.One part of England that has seen repeated calls for a shift in
:14:04. > :14:08.powers from Westminster to its own assembly is Cornwall. In the first
:14:08. > :14:10.of a series on how the English see us, Ian Hamilton has been to the
:14:10. > :14:14.Cornish capital Truro to gauge the strength of feeling for devolution
:14:14. > :14:24.there. And to find out what they think of the prospect of Scottish
:14:24. > :14:38.
:14:38. > :14:48.We look to our celtic cousins to support us in our aspirations and
:14:48. > :14:52.we will support them. Cornwall feels like a long way away.
:14:52. > :14:57.Compared with Scotland, it is warm or at this time of year. It has a
:14:57. > :15:02.lot in common with the other Celtic nations. Unlike Scotland, Northern
:15:02. > :15:09.Ireland and Wales, -- and like Scotland, Northern Ireland and
:15:09. > :15:13.Wales, there are calls on its own Scottish Government. Mebyon Kernow
:15:13. > :15:18.is a small and growing presence and the equivalent of the Scottish
:15:18. > :15:24.National Party. They can only fantasise about the electoral
:15:24. > :15:30.success the SNP are currently enjoying. We are currently listen
:15:30. > :15:35.to more by Europe than Westminster. People understand our issues in
:15:35. > :15:39.Scotland and Wales than in central London. We are a rural, dispersed
:15:39. > :15:44.community with a range of issues that relate to that and relates to
:15:44. > :15:47.the fact we are far from the centres of power and governance, so
:15:47. > :15:53.people in Wales and Scotland will understand that more than people in
:15:53. > :15:59.London. The Cornish nationalists had a keen eye on what is happening
:15:59. > :16:04.north of the border. But are locals as interested in nationalism as
:16:04. > :16:09.politicians? I up come to the Cornish capital of Truro teach you
:16:09. > :16:13.what people think of Scottish independence. It Scotland can
:16:13. > :16:20.support themselves independently without inputs from England and
:16:20. > :16:24.Wales' financially, then Scotland has a good reason to go independent.
:16:24. > :16:31.I would be concerned about Scotland's economic stability on
:16:31. > :16:40.its own and funding the NHS. Scotland wants to be separate, I
:16:40. > :16:45.have no problem with that. This does not exactly have attention of
:16:46. > :16:55.Scotland against England. This is Cornwell against the English Ladies
:16:56. > :17:01.
:17:01. > :17:08.of Devon. There is a lot of rivalry. But it is friendly. At you but deep
:17:08. > :17:14.in any sport is out to win. -- anybody in any sport is out to win.
:17:14. > :17:20.When it comes to the Scottish referendum on independence, what do
:17:20. > :17:24.the trick will happen? If the Scottish people want to be
:17:24. > :17:30.independent, as long as certain things can be sorted, I see no
:17:30. > :17:34.reason why not. There were discussions years ago about having
:17:34. > :17:38.a home rule for Cornwall, but we did not have the number of the
:17:38. > :17:43.population to be able to sustain that. We still rely on the rest of
:17:43. > :17:48.England to support Cornwall and I think it is the same in Scotland,
:17:48. > :17:53.there will be a lot of English support to keep them going. Do you
:17:53. > :17:59.think there is a lot of demand in Cornwall for local support for the
:17:59. > :18:03.people in Cornwall? I do not think it is as strong as it is dealt in
:18:03. > :18:07.Scotland. To say the locals are not interested would be an
:18:08. > :18:13.understatement. What seems to exercise them the most is what we
:18:14. > :18:19.get bird three mac, such as university education, care probably
:18:19. > :18:26.elderly and the any case, which they do not get here. -- what they
:18:26. > :18:31.get or free. Could up at the day exploited by those who want to see
:18:32. > :18:38.changed to out the UK? incidence of climate change will we
:18:38. > :18:44.invigorate rural life, and I think that will enforce or strongly
:18:44. > :18:49.influence a renegotiation of relationships. The days of the
:18:49. > :18:54.English empire are numbered. I was constantly told that neither
:18:54. > :18:58.Scotland or Cornwall were big enough to sustain themselves. But
:18:58. > :19:06.what drives self-determination? A sense of place and being? The
:19:06. > :19:12.ability to make local decisions? Or is it purely down to economics?
:19:12. > :19:21.Now a quick look at tomorrow's front pages. The Scotsman looks at
:19:21. > :19:26.the benefit cap. The same story in the Guardian. And Harry and
:19:26. > :19:36.Redknapp in court there. That is all for now. You can see us again
:19:36. > :19:36.
:19:37. > :19:40.on iPlayer. Goodbye. -- Harry Critical and some snow in the
:19:40. > :19:48.morning across the hills of southern Scotland and northern
:19:48. > :19:56.England. Some snow as far south as East Anglia and Lincolnshire. A
:19:56. > :19:59.cold and -- a cold and grey day across the East. For the South East,
:19:59. > :20:03.expect dull and wet conditions through the afternoon. While there
:20:03. > :20:09.further west, temperatures into double figures, but still greet
:20:09. > :20:16.with some mist across the coasts and hills. Damp conditions across
:20:16. > :20:22.west Wales throughout the day, but milder here and in Northern Ireland.
:20:22. > :20:28.The West coast of Scotland also grey and damp. There could be some
:20:28. > :20:34.snow in the East. The weather milder for all places. That is by
:20:34. > :20:37.Wednesday, but still a lot of cloud and rain. That is particularly
:20:37. > :20:43.across Scotland and Northern Ireland. The rain creeping into
:20:44. > :20:49.parts of England and Wales, but much dry but dull. Eastern areas
:20:49. > :20:53.Maxine higher temperatures on Wednesday. The rain across western