:00:06. > :00:10.by the BBC's school report. You can catch him again of them.
:00:10. > :00:14.-- catch him again then. Tonight on Newsnight Scotland, the
:00:14. > :00:17.Crown Office says the police are once again on the case of the
:00:17. > :00:21.World's End murders. We'll ask if what they call "new, compelling
:00:21. > :00:24.evidence of guilt" is on the way this time round, after 34 years.
:00:24. > :00:28.Unemployment is still getting worse. Can governments do anything
:00:28. > :00:31.meaningful to avoid a lost generation of youth?
:00:31. > :00:34.And minimum pricing is on the way, but the Canadian example suggests
:00:34. > :00:39.there's still more to do to resolve the nation's problems with booze
:00:39. > :00:43.once and for all. Good evening. First tonight, a
:00:43. > :00:46.story which only a few years ago would have been quite impossible.
:00:46. > :00:48.This afternoon, the Crown Office confirmed that it has instructed
:00:48. > :00:51.Lothian and Borders Police to carry out new investigations into the
:00:51. > :00:56.murders of Christine Eadie and Helen Scott, which took place in
:00:56. > :01:01.1977. A man called Angus Sinclair, a convicted killer, was acquitted
:01:01. > :01:08.of their murder in 2007. I'm joined by our investigations correspondent
:01:08. > :01:15.Mark Daly. He broke the story today. First of
:01:15. > :01:20.all, remind us about this case. This is a case that resonated in
:01:20. > :01:26.Scotland. Christine Eadie and Hama were innocent teenage girls,
:01:26. > :01:32.enjoying a Saturday night in World's End pub in 19 is under
:01:32. > :01:35.seven. They left the pub at 11pm. They were accompanied by two
:01:35. > :01:40.unidentified male's. They were never seen alive again but found
:01:40. > :01:45.murdered the next day. They had been strangled using items of their
:01:45. > :01:50.own clothing and there began a murder hunt spanning decades and
:01:50. > :01:56.what became one of Scotland's most notorious double murders. It took
:01:56. > :02:04.30 years before his suspect was identified. That was Angus Sinclair.
:02:04. > :02:09.He stood trial, as we heard, in 2007, but the case collapsed. There
:02:09. > :02:14.is bitter recriminations about how it was handled, the case. As the
:02:14. > :02:19.law stood back then, there was a chance he could be brought back to
:02:19. > :02:26.trial. If there is growing to be a retrial, what is your understanding
:02:26. > :02:31.of the new evidence? Firstly, it might be useful to say how it might
:02:31. > :02:34.come about with the double jeopardy law. Before, somebody could never
:02:34. > :02:39.be tried twice for the same crime but that changed in November last
:02:39. > :02:44.year. If there is new and compelling evidence of a crime
:02:44. > :02:48.which was not available at the time of the original trial, a new
:02:48. > :02:54.prosecution can be brought. It is my understanding that in this case,
:02:54. > :03:02.this is a case the police and Crown have looked at closely since the
:03:02. > :03:07.failure and embarrassing failure of the prosecution in 2007. I know
:03:07. > :03:12.they have used the latest forensic techniques, they have sent all the
:03:12. > :03:18.exhibits away and they have come up with brand new evidence. That
:03:18. > :03:23.evidence is new DNA. I understand Angus Sinclair's DNA, which has
:03:23. > :03:28.been found on the ligatures which were used to strangle the girls,
:03:28. > :03:33.the Crown will hope this will count as new and compelling evidence and
:03:33. > :03:36.will get it back to trials. should stress the compelling thing,
:03:36. > :03:44.because you cannot under this double jeopardy law, you cannot be
:03:44. > :03:48.tried again unless it goes to the Appeal Court. Explain that.
:03:48. > :03:54.process is that once the Crown has the evidence, it is satisfied with
:03:54. > :03:59.it, it must vent Llodra application to the Court of Appeal. The judges
:03:59. > :04:03.will look. It will almost be like a mini trial before the trial. They
:04:03. > :04:07.will look to see whether the evidence is compelling. My
:04:07. > :04:12.understanding is that application will be lodged within the next few
:04:12. > :04:17.weeks. Then we will know whether the appeal court judges have deemed
:04:17. > :04:22.it sufficient to put it forward for a retrial. Angus Sinclair, who is
:04:22. > :04:26.already a convicted killer and sex offender, he is in prison for an
:04:26. > :04:36.unconnected murder, but he has always denied the World's End
:04:36. > :04:36.
:04:36. > :04:42.killings. This has resonance because the double jeopardy rule,
:04:42. > :04:50.which might allow a retrial, was itself brought into law partly
:04:50. > :04:54.because of what happened in the original trial of. In 2007, many
:04:54. > :04:59.believe there was sufficient evidence to successfully prosecute
:04:59. > :05:05.Angus Sinclair. His seamen was found on the girls. But what his
:05:05. > :05:10.defence did was claimed that got there through consensual sex. There
:05:10. > :05:14.was additional DNA evidence which the prosecutor decided not to run
:05:14. > :05:18.and it was for that reason that many people believe the crown was
:05:18. > :05:23.at fault. It came out fighting after the failure of that
:05:23. > :05:27.prosecution, it provoked a furious row between the Crown and the judge
:05:27. > :05:33.between that case, Lord Hamilton. Failings in this case run very
:05:33. > :05:38.deeply. This is unfinished business as far as the crown is concerned.
:05:38. > :05:45.What do they say about this? Tonight, they would not talk about
:05:45. > :05:48.the detail of this new evidence, which we have revealed tonight, but
:05:48. > :05:52.they would confirm a new investigation was under way. They
:05:52. > :05:57.said they were committed to using these new powers under the double
:05:57. > :06:01.jeopardy legislation and were unable to comment on the status of
:06:01. > :06:04.the case. Thank you. Now, unemployment figures out today
:06:04. > :06:06.paint a continuing gloomy picture, if perhaps not as gloomy as
:06:06. > :06:09.expected. Scotland's unemployment increased at a slightly worse rate
:06:09. > :06:12.than the UK, but the percentage of people in work in Scotland remains
:06:12. > :06:16.higher than the UK. The most worrying of all statistics, north
:06:16. > :06:19.and south, is the rate of youth unemployment. The Scottish and UK
:06:19. > :06:29.governments are holding what they call a "youth jobs summit" in
:06:29. > :06:32.
:06:32. > :06:36.Dundee tomorrow to try to conjure That you at the Jobcentre has
:06:36. > :06:43.lengthened. The latest figures showed people looking for work rose
:06:43. > :06:51.by 6,000. UK unemployment stands at 8.4%, Scottish unemployment is 8.7%.
:06:51. > :06:54.The gap has widened slightly. The Scottish Government points out
:06:54. > :06:58.unemployment here is still not as bad as most other UK regions and
:06:58. > :07:03.nations but they have demanded more action from the Chancellor in next
:07:03. > :07:11.week's budget. The statistics also show the public sector employment
:07:11. > :07:15.has taken the brunt of the kit. They shrank by 3.9% up over a year,
:07:15. > :07:23.including the Royal Bank Of Scotland. The private sector also
:07:23. > :07:28.feels the need of support. Private sector jobs fell by 16,000 over the
:07:28. > :07:35.course of 2011. Private sector jobs grew by about under a 1,000 in that
:07:35. > :07:39.period. That disparity is worrying. -- under a 1,000. It reveals the
:07:40. > :07:47.private sector is where jobs are being created. We need to build on
:07:48. > :07:53.that growth. The Conservatives and Lib Dems hit out at the SNP is
:07:53. > :07:57.saying the so-called Plan B wasn't working. Labour said the First
:07:57. > :08:00.Minister was complacent and drew attention to the disproportionately
:08:00. > :08:03.large increase in unemployment among women.
:08:03. > :08:11.I'm joined now by the economist Professor David Bell, who
:08:11. > :08:14.specialises in employment matters. You have a theory, haven't you,
:08:14. > :08:18.that the performance of the Labour market in Scotland is rather worse
:08:19. > :08:22.than it would appear just by looking at the relative
:08:22. > :08:27.unemployment figures between Scotland and the UK. Explain that.
:08:28. > :08:33.The difference between Scotland and the rest of the UK is quite small
:08:33. > :08:37.but what has happened since the start of the recession is that
:08:37. > :08:41.employment has fallen more in Scotland and there has been more of
:08:41. > :08:45.an increase in part-time employment in Scotland. So the number of hours
:08:45. > :08:50.worked in Scotland has fallen proportionately more than in the
:08:50. > :08:55.rest of the UK but prison population has been growing less
:08:55. > :08:59.fast, -- but our population has been growing less fast. We have had
:08:59. > :09:04.a rapid increase in inactivity, people going out of the Labour
:09:04. > :09:07.market altogether. The unemployment rate actually is not the true
:09:07. > :09:12.measure of the state of the Labour market because there are other
:09:12. > :09:18.things going on, like the change in employment, which seems to be worse
:09:18. > :09:22.than in the rest of the UK. always compare Scotland with the
:09:22. > :09:26.rest of the UK. If you took out London and the South East of
:09:26. > :09:33.England, and compared Scotland with other regions of the UK, you might
:09:33. > :09:37.find it is not a typical. That is true. In terms of the unemployment
:09:37. > :09:41.rate, Scotland is pretty much around the middle, if you take all
:09:41. > :09:46.the nine regions of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland is
:09:46. > :09:52.in the middle of a. There is a particular worry about youth
:09:52. > :09:58.unemployment and there isn't any good news. No, there isn't. 100,000
:09:58. > :10:04.people unemployed, young people, almost one in four. It is not as
:10:04. > :10:09.bad as some places in Europe, but it is a very disturbing situation,
:10:09. > :10:15.in the sense there is no obvious solution that has come to light the
:10:15. > :10:20.thus far. You say there is no obvious solution because if you
:10:20. > :10:24.meet a minister from either the government in London or Edinburgh,
:10:24. > :10:28.they will produce from their pocket a plan to do something wonderful
:10:28. > :10:32.about youth unemployment. I am curious because we have had so many
:10:33. > :10:37.of these things over the years, and we have so many proposed and there
:10:37. > :10:45.will be more in drawled Osborne's budget, will they ever have any
:10:45. > :10:49.effect. If you look at the policies that ran during the 80s and 90s,
:10:49. > :10:57.the international consensus is that pretty much they achieved nothing.
:10:57. > :11:02.Nothing? No. No increase in jobs as a result of all the interventions
:11:02. > :11:09.that there was. The Nobel prizewinners, they take that fear.
:11:09. > :11:13.We may have got better -- they take that view. We may have gotten
:11:13. > :11:17.better and sophisticated, but unemployment in the UK and in
:11:17. > :11:23.Scotland has risen less in this recession than you would have
:11:23. > :11:28.expected. Given the fairly catastrophic in output. Whether
:11:28. > :11:34.this is because the government has got better at providing policies to
:11:34. > :11:39.help unemployed people back into work or is it because employers and
:11:39. > :11:46.employees are working better together to make sure that
:11:46. > :11:51.redundancies are avoided. That hasn't been resolved. There is also
:11:51. > :11:56.a possibility which is they have kept on Labour rather than laying
:11:56. > :12:02.it off because they thought it might be a quick recovery. Isn't it
:12:03. > :12:09.possible we might see, as with bankruptcy is, there will be a
:12:09. > :12:14.sharp jump in unemployment. That is possible. There is certainly a lot
:12:14. > :12:19.of slack. There has been a big drop in the number of hours worked. When
:12:19. > :12:29.the economy does pick up, there is no guarantee there will be a drop
:12:29. > :12:33.
:12:33. > :12:39.in unemployment. Maybe people work I want to come back to this thing
:12:39. > :12:44.about you employment. They were a defining characteristic of Tony
:12:44. > :12:48.Blair's Government. Gordon Brown would never go anywhere without a
:12:48. > :12:55.plan to create more jobs. You were saying there is no evidence of any
:12:55. > :13:00.of these having any effect. Is it because you effectively don't want
:13:00. > :13:06.to do the economic base, this demand in the economy so you come
:13:06. > :13:11.up with alternatives to it which is fiddling about on the edges? There
:13:11. > :13:17.are lots of seemingly commendable plans to increase apprentices for
:13:17. > :13:22.example. That will increase their human capital in the economy. But
:13:23. > :13:26.if there isn't any demand for the products the apprentices produced,
:13:26. > :13:34.then they are trained but there isn't necessarily any demand for
:13:34. > :13:39.them in a job. So these micro economics, way you Taylor, let's
:13:39. > :13:47.get young people into jobs, and a CD of the micro economics to do the
:13:47. > :13:52.demand for those people at the other end, are pretty hopeless?
:13:52. > :13:56.problem of unemployment in the last few years hasn't been caused by
:13:56. > :14:00.these micro-economic issues getting it wrong. There are supply problems
:14:00. > :14:05.with the economy but they did not cause the drop in output and they
:14:05. > :14:10.had not caused the increase in unemployment. Can I ask you about
:14:10. > :14:18.statistics? I am curious about the margin of error in all of these
:14:18. > :14:23.figures. A lot of them are based on samples. Can we really...
:14:23. > :14:30.Politicians say it is getting worse in Scotland because it is the SNP's
:14:30. > :14:34.fault. When you take the margins of Errors into account, can we say
:14:34. > :14:39.anything much more than probably unemployment has gone up a bit more
:14:39. > :14:45.in Britain and it may not all may have gone up a bit faster in
:14:45. > :14:51.Scotland and the rest of the UK but the analysis is a bit hit or miss?
:14:51. > :14:56.Ministers love to comment on small changes in these numbers. But, the
:14:57. > :15:02.fact is you have got around 80,000 people who are samples each quarter
:15:02. > :15:08.in the whole of the UK, out of a working population of 25 million.
:15:08. > :15:13.You have got to base your guess as to what is happening to the 20th at
:15:13. > :15:22.-- 25 million on the 25,000 you sample. So there are margins of
:15:22. > :15:27.error. So this conference between the Scottish and UK governments to
:15:27. > :15:32.create more jobs, your message is, don't hold your breath? There is
:15:32. > :15:37.always a point in making an searching for the solution. But,
:15:37. > :15:40.don't be surprised if it's still a long way away.
:15:40. > :15:43.Now, it's been a long time coming, but the Scottish Parliament today
:15:43. > :15:46.voted to support the government's bill on minimum pricing for alcohol.
:15:46. > :15:48.86 votes to zero, to be exact. There's still a fair bit of
:15:48. > :15:52.parliamentary procedure to come but minimum pricing looks like a
:15:52. > :15:55.certainty now and those who support it, and even those who didn't, are
:15:55. > :15:57.now looking ahead to see what else might be done to improve what's
:15:57. > :16:01.often called the nation's uncomfortable relationship with
:16:01. > :16:04.alcohol. What can we learn from the way other democracies have
:16:04. > :16:13.approached the problem? David Allison's report looks at Canada's
:16:13. > :16:20.recent experience of minimum pricing.
:16:20. > :16:25.Canada, a land of great open spaces and likes Godman, a difficult
:16:25. > :16:31.relationship with alcohol. Minimum pricing has been introduced and the
:16:31. > :16:36.signs are it has helped. There has been in direct evidence that if the
:16:36. > :16:41.whole population consumption goes down, all the related arms go down.
:16:41. > :16:47.But we have looked at alcohol related debts and hospital
:16:47. > :16:52.admissions and they have gone down. Significantly each time the minimum
:16:52. > :17:01.prices have been increased. Who is to say that what works in Canada
:17:01. > :17:07.will work here, and even certain kinds of alcohol are concerned with
:17:07. > :17:13.their own type of problems. There is a real concern this is a
:17:13. > :17:20.distraction, the wider story is as much, if not more of a problem.
:17:20. > :17:24.Today at Holyrood, MSPs with Labour abstaining, agreed to back the
:17:24. > :17:29.plans for minimum pricing. Scottish Government is not against
:17:29. > :17:34.alcohol, we're not against drinking, but we are very much against the
:17:34. > :17:40.problems associated with excessive consumption of alcohol. The hard
:17:40. > :17:46.fact is, over the years, Scotland's relationship with alcohol has got
:17:46. > :17:51.out of kilter and it needs to be re balanced. I think everybody accepts
:17:51. > :17:56.price is a fact. Even Labour accepts price is a factor and we
:17:56. > :18:01.are debating who gets the financial benefits. The debate is moving on
:18:01. > :18:06.to what next. We hope wants minimum pricing is resolved we can move the
:18:06. > :18:10.debate on further in changing culture. This is why we must not
:18:10. > :18:17.you minimum pricing in isolation, but a building block in a wider
:18:17. > :18:25.range of initiatives. We tried to amend the bill at that time about
:18:25. > :18:30.premixed alcohol, and America's ban was subsequent to that debate. And
:18:31. > :18:35.the support of other health specialists. A number of countries
:18:35. > :18:40.are concerned about the impact of alcohol and caffeine together.
:18:40. > :18:45.Caffeine acts as a stimulant while alcohol acts as a suppressant and
:18:45. > :18:49.leave you unaware of what level of intoxication you have. Canada has
:18:49. > :18:53.introduced labels so a so called energy drink like Red Bull over
:18:53. > :18:58.there will have a warning label saying don't mix this with alcohol.
:18:58. > :19:03.Sweden has gone down the same road. MSPs might be disappointed with
:19:03. > :19:08.results from Canada. The particular thing of putting the label on, it
:19:08. > :19:15.is a tiny step in the right direction. It hardly touch is the
:19:15. > :19:22.major problem, which is at parties and bars, people buy these products
:19:22. > :19:27.and mix them anyway. Or they don't read the labels. Riots in Vancouver
:19:27. > :19:31.after the local team lost in the Stanley Cup last June, showed
:19:31. > :19:34.Canada's difficult relationship with alcohol continues, even though
:19:34. > :19:42.they have gone further than Scotland by extending minimum
:19:42. > :19:49.pricing to pubs and bars. It tended to be at the low end, which was up
:19:49. > :19:59.to $3 for a standard Serb. So a glass of wine or a shot of spirits.
:19:59. > :19:59.
:19:59. > :20:05.In the bars, you get it for about �2. Unlike Scotland, there is no
:20:05. > :20:09.sunset clause in Canada's pricing experiment. And with some success
:20:09. > :20:19.and a few failures, they have plenty to teach us.
:20:19. > :20:20.
:20:20. > :20:30.Now a quick look at tomorrow's The Scotsman has the story about
:20:30. > :20:31.
:20:31. > :20:41.the world's end murders. A picture of Camilla or on the front.
:20:41. > :20:42.
:20:42. > :20:52.The Herald, Scots College facing foreign tuition.
:20:52. > :20:54.