:00:10. > :00:14.Tonight, so was it just News International that was at it? A
:00:14. > :00:21.Newsnight investigation uncovers new allegations of phone hacking at
:00:21. > :00:25.the Mirror Group. Mills, the former wife of Sir Paul McCarthy tells us
:00:25. > :00:35.a senior Mirror Group journalist admitted a phone hacking from a
:00:35. > :00:39.A former Mirror journalist, and an MP on the Culture Committee tell us
:00:39. > :00:43.how much further this could spread. Deposed President Mubarak on trial
:00:43. > :00:47.and on a stretcher, and as we find out, punishing their ailing
:00:47. > :00:51.President is about the only thing Egypt's aspiring politicians can
:00:51. > :00:55.agree on. The political forces that combined
:00:55. > :00:59.to oust President Mubarak are now turning against each other.
:00:59. > :01:03.I will be examining whether Egypt's revolution has derailed.
:01:03. > :01:10.Mouch money have you lost in the recession, exclusive Newsnight
:01:10. > :01:17.research puts a figure on how hard your pay packet has been hit.
:01:17. > :01:23.Coming up later on tonight's show, a special report on...a special
:01:23. > :01:27.report on... I had it a minute ago. And as the world's experts on
:01:27. > :01:37.memory gather in Britain what do we really know about it. And unlike
:01:37. > :01:38.
:01:38. > :01:42.Steve, one man who never forgets it here to be tested.
:01:42. > :01:46.From the very start it has been likely that a phone hacking scandal
:01:46. > :01:51.involved not just one reporter or one newspaper, or even one
:01:51. > :01:56.newspaper group, tonight Newsnight has new allegations involving
:01:56. > :01:59.Mirror Group newspapers, and the former wife of Beatle, Sir Paul
:01:59. > :02:04.McCarthy. Heather Mills claims a senior journalist there admitted to
:02:04. > :02:14.her in 2001 her phone had been hacked. She told us the name of the
:02:14. > :02:15.
:02:15. > :02:19.journalist, but for legal reasons You have no new message and no
:02:19. > :02:23.saved messages. After permeating News International,
:02:23. > :02:27.the phone hacking scandal seeps into the heart of the Mirror Group.
:02:27. > :02:31.Evidence provided to us by Heather Mills suggests at least one senior
:02:31. > :02:34.journalist was harvesting personal messages with a view to making the
:02:34. > :02:38.front page. Their turbulent love affair made for highly prized copy
:02:38. > :02:43.for the tabloids. But Heather Mills says after a row in early 2001, she
:02:43. > :02:48.left the UK on a trip to India. She says that Paul McCarthy left a
:02:48. > :02:54.series of highly sensitive messages on her voicemail to would her back.
:02:54. > :03:04.Shortly afterwards she received a phone call from a senior Mirror
:03:04. > :03:42.
:03:42. > :03:45.There has been much speculation about what Piers Morgan knew or
:03:45. > :03:49.didn't know at the time about hacking. He was a senior Mirror
:03:49. > :03:53.Group editor. But he was not the person who rang Mills. But his own
:03:53. > :04:03.omission n a newspaper article, he had listened to one of Heather's
:04:03. > :04:19.
:04:19. > :04:21.He wrote in a 2006 article in the Piers Morgan was editor in chief at
:04:21. > :04:26.the Mirror at the time when Heather Mills says her phone was hacked.
:04:26. > :04:30.Yet on the face of it in that 2006 Mail article, he appears to have
:04:30. > :04:33.admitted to listening to one of her private messages. He has always
:04:33. > :04:36.denied knowledge of phone hacking. Tonight he has raised questions
:04:36. > :04:41.about the credibility of Heather Mills, and once again, denied
:04:41. > :04:44.knowledge of hacking. In statement he said Heather
:04:45. > :04:49.Mills's claims are unsubstantiated, and that a High Court judge had
:04:49. > :04:52.described her as a less than candid witness. Some of his former
:04:52. > :04:57.colleagues believe hacking was widespread. He said I have never
:04:57. > :05:03.hacked a phone. I believe that. That's perfectly plausible. He said
:05:03. > :05:09.he had never asked anyone to hack a phone, that is possible as well.
:05:09. > :05:14.But what wasn't possible is the third thing, that he never
:05:14. > :05:24.published a story on a phone hack, on any of the papers he has edited.
:05:24. > :05:35.
:05:35. > :05:40.Newsnight has been told that seven individuals are consulting lawyers
:05:40. > :05:45.about taking legal action against the Mirror Group about hacking.
:05:45. > :05:55.Former England manager, Sven-Goran Eriksson, is one, today we spoke to
:05:55. > :06:11.
:06:11. > :06:16.his-partner, who believes their So how much hacking did go on at
:06:16. > :06:20.heightles owned by Trinity mirror. One of Piers Morgan aers fiercest
:06:20. > :06:25.critic, jailed for share ramping, said he would have plenty to say
:06:25. > :06:29.about it. We would have a lively debate about some of the stories he
:06:29. > :06:34.had published whilst he was there. That we would talk about some phone
:06:34. > :06:37.hacking, and I might be able to point to a few stories that he
:06:37. > :06:40.published whilst he was the editor of the paper that came from phone
:06:40. > :06:44.hacks. Arriving for his show tonight in
:06:44. > :06:47.Los Angeles, Piers Morgan had little to say. I have actually made
:06:47. > :06:57.a statement, I'm not going to add anything further to that. Thank you
:06:57. > :07:01.
:07:01. > :07:05.very much. Pressure on him and Trinity mirror is growing tonight.
:07:05. > :07:09.We have more extraordinary detail from Piers Morgan. He has been in a
:07:09. > :07:13.position where he has to give more detail. He says he has no knowledge
:07:13. > :07:20.of any executive from any other newspapers that Trinity newspapers
:07:20. > :07:26.may or may not have with Mills. Goes on to attack Heather Mills's
:07:26. > :07:31.credibility. He says he has knowledge of that Sir Paul McCarthy
:07:31. > :07:35.says that Heather Mills illegally accessed his phone messages and
:07:35. > :07:37.released those details. He then goes on to quote the judge in the
:07:37. > :07:42.divorce case, saying that Heather Mills was inconsistent and
:07:42. > :07:46.inaccurate in some of her evidence, and a less than impressive witness.
:07:46. > :07:50.But despite all of this, the question that remains tonight,
:07:50. > :07:55.which he hasn't addressed yet, is why did he write in 2006, this line
:07:55. > :08:00.about at one stage he was played a tape of a message that Paul had
:08:00. > :08:03.left for Heather on a phone. He hasn't addressed that specifically
:08:03. > :08:09.at all. He reiterates he has never hacked a phone, told anyone to hack
:08:09. > :08:14.a phone, nor, to his knowledge, published any story obtained from a
:08:14. > :08:17.phone haging. Another thing, Trinity Mirror Group said that all
:08:17. > :08:21.the journalists work within the law and the Code of Conduct. I'm joined
:08:21. > :08:24.by the Conservative MP, Therese Coffey, from the Culture Committee,
:08:24. > :08:28.investigating phone hacking, and Wensley Clarkson, a journalist
:08:28. > :08:30.formally at the Mirror and other papers, not at the time we were
:08:30. > :08:34.talking about. What do you make of the
:08:34. > :08:37.allegations? I find them very have strong in terms of Heather Mills
:08:38. > :08:42.has made these, although her credibility is attacked and has
:08:42. > :08:45.been in the past, there is no doubt she feels very much her privacy has
:08:45. > :08:48.been infringed. I'm sure everybody wishes she would have gone to the
:08:48. > :08:52.police earlier with this matter, rather than just left it at the
:08:52. > :08:57.time. The significance of this is that you and other members of the
:08:57. > :09:01.committee have always thought it wasn't one journalist or one paper,
:09:01. > :09:04.it wasn't one newspaper group this appears to back up those suspicions,
:09:04. > :09:08.at least? I'm not the only member of the committee who has made those
:09:08. > :09:11.suggestions in the past. The information commission's report
:09:11. > :09:17.from 2006 gave credibility to that. I just hope the police take the
:09:17. > :09:21.evidence and go with it, and if Mr Morgan wapbs to come back to the UK
:09:21. > :09:26.and help them with their inquiry, I don't mean being arrested or
:09:26. > :09:29.anything, I'm sure he can add light to the article he wrote in 2006.
:09:29. > :09:33.would be a good idea for him to come back and help the police?
:09:33. > :09:36.think it is, there is no point in him necessarily saying in the UK
:09:36. > :09:40.and issuing statement. It would help him, including himself and
:09:40. > :09:45.this investigation, if he was able to say more about why he wrote what
:09:45. > :09:49.he did in 2006. Does this strike you as credible? It probably is
:09:49. > :09:53.credible. There is a huge issue here, where do you draw the line.
:09:53. > :09:56.We're now on Heather Mills tonight, saying this, no doubt there will be
:09:56. > :10:02.somebody else next week. It is a shame that Heather Mills herself is
:10:02. > :10:05.not perhaps the most credible person in the world. No doubt Piers
:10:05. > :10:11.Morgan will feel that as well. He has already said that. I would
:10:11. > :10:16.point out she has had battles with the Mirror and Piers Morgan. It is
:10:16. > :10:20.a bit he said she said in that situation? The bigger issue is more
:10:20. > :10:25.important, that is where do you draw the line. For example, hacking
:10:25. > :10:31.is something that newspapers learned from Private Eyes, Private
:10:31. > :10:35.Eyes are hired and - private ayes have been hired in the past by
:10:35. > :10:38.television stations, newspapers, magazines, and were until recently
:10:38. > :10:42.used for documentaries. I recognised the voice of a private
:10:42. > :10:47.eye in the background on a documentary I watched own the BBC
:10:47. > :10:51.the other day. I have to open this, if we go after other newspapers we
:10:51. > :10:57.will have to go after them. We will have to go after David Cameron
:10:57. > :11:01.himself, who got Andy Coulson wo vet bid the Security Services, who
:11:02. > :11:05.used a freelanceer to do the vetting, he was a private
:11:05. > :11:14.investigator who would have used hacking in the past. Where do you
:11:14. > :11:17.draw the line. You draw it at legality. Then we have to go after
:11:17. > :11:21.everybody. What do you make of the point that Piers Morgan is very
:11:21. > :11:25.detailed, legalistic, it talk about the various things with the court
:11:25. > :11:30.cases. It does not redress the fact that he was writinging about this
:11:30. > :11:33.heart-breaking phone call that he apparently heard - writing about
:11:33. > :11:38.this heart-breaking phone call that he apparently heard and didn't
:11:38. > :11:42.report it at all. I guess Piers Morgan is there to be shot down,
:11:42. > :11:45.because he's a world famous personality which he hasn't back
:11:45. > :11:49.then. I would imagine every editor, I didn't work at the Mirror at that
:11:49. > :11:52.time, I must make that point, would be worried what was done in their
:11:52. > :11:56.name, whether they were aware or not is almost irrelevant, as we
:11:56. > :12:01.discovered from the fate of Rebekah Brooks. That is a fact. I will also
:12:01. > :12:04.say here and now, I'm absolutely certain not one newspaper in Fleet
:12:04. > :12:08.Street has employed these tactics for quite a number of years now,
:12:08. > :12:13.this isn't something that has suddenly happened overnight. Where
:12:13. > :12:16.do you draw the line? The grounds of illegality. Of course
:12:16. > :12:20.journalists have often used sources to break stories in the public
:12:20. > :12:23.interest. The Telegraph paid money for a disc about the expenses
:12:23. > :12:28.information, actually that was in the public interest, even though it
:12:28. > :12:31.was embarrassing for MPs, what was the right thing to do. I'm not sure
:12:31. > :12:34.going into the love life between Heather Mills and Paul McCarthy is
:12:35. > :12:40.necessarily in the public interest, it may sell papers. This is about
:12:40. > :12:43.the dark arts, this is the phrase we keep hearing, "the dark arts",
:12:43. > :12:46.that involves private investigators, journalist, and a lot of those
:12:46. > :12:52.security companies that are hired by banks, they are hired by the
:12:52. > :12:55.City, they are hired by the BBC, to investigate people. At the moment,
:12:55. > :13:00.I'm sure, security companies are being used by the BBC and all sorts
:13:00. > :13:02.of major institutions to look into people, using the very dark arts we
:13:02. > :13:06.are talking about. We will leave it there. Thank you
:13:06. > :13:12.very much. Now, for decades Hosni Mubarak was
:13:12. > :13:21.Egypt's king of kings. But today the humiliated and apparently one
:13:21. > :13:23.well former President appeared in court on a stretcher. Agreeing to
:13:23. > :13:28.get Mubarak and punish him has brought the country together. But
:13:28. > :13:32.how does the leading nation in the Arab world cope with the ambitions
:13:32. > :13:37.of nationalists, socialists, Islamists and others, all under the
:13:37. > :13:41.eyes of a powerful military. Mark Urban has returned now from Egypt.
:13:41. > :13:46.What happened today? That image of President Mubarak in the cage, is
:13:46. > :13:50.essentially what happened, along with his two sons and a former
:13:50. > :13:54.Interior Minister. The trial opened. You ask questions about whether
:13:54. > :13:57.there really is a serious dossier of evidence, connecting him and his
:13:57. > :14:01.sons and the minister to the crimes they are accused of. Because we
:14:01. > :14:05.have seen in the Hague, when leadership figures have gone on
:14:05. > :14:07.trial, these things have sometimes taken years to assemble to try to
:14:07. > :14:11.prove the responsibility of individuals for decisions to shoot
:14:11. > :14:16.demonstrator, this kind of thing. Any way, it opened, they were in
:14:16. > :14:25.the cage. The charges were read, of corruption, and of course, of
:14:25. > :14:30.complicity in the killing of demonstrators during the revolution.
:14:30. > :14:33.The TRANSLATION: The intention was to kill the biggest number of
:14:33. > :14:38.protestors possible. TRANSLATION: All the accusations I deny them all.
:14:38. > :14:42.It is a trial, but it is also, quite clearly, a show, isn't it?
:14:42. > :14:47.Absolutely. If one looks at the wider impact, I think it could be
:14:47. > :14:51.enormous, the little guy in the Middle East, seeing one of the
:14:51. > :14:55.region's strongmen brought low, kainled on his bed, sick - caged on
:14:55. > :14:59.his bed, sick. Justice, in that sense, was being done, awakens
:14:59. > :15:03.posbltsd that it might be done in their countries - possiblities that
:15:03. > :15:06.it might be done in their countries. The leaders there, we know there
:15:06. > :15:11.was pressure on the Egyptian council that runs the country from
:15:11. > :15:14.the Arab Emirates not to do this. A lot of them felt President Mubarak
:15:14. > :15:20.gave in too easily any way. It was a very tough decision. Of course,
:15:20. > :15:24.the decision to put him on trial was, in a sense, forced by the
:15:24. > :15:27.violence going Onyango the streets. The military council knew if they
:15:27. > :15:30.didn't there would be more and more trouble. Today outside the
:15:30. > :15:35.courtroom, clashes broke out between supporters of the former
:15:35. > :15:38.President, and pro-democracy activists who supported the trial.
:15:38. > :15:42.There have been running battles of this kind for weeks, with the
:15:42. > :15:45.military edging towards today, as a means of trying to buy people off.
:15:45. > :15:48.The implications of everything you have been saying is that Mubarak is
:15:48. > :15:52.the past, and this is putting a seal on that, but the future and
:15:52. > :15:56.the question of election, that is all very uncertain? That is
:15:56. > :16:00.absolutely right. The point is, in essence, this trial may well now be
:16:00. > :16:06.adjourned, or it could go in fits and starts, it could last a hell of
:16:06. > :16:09.a long time, they have played the military - the card, the military
:16:09. > :16:12.council, in terms of moving the nation forward and bringing it
:16:12. > :16:15.together. We know from all the other street battles, and
:16:16. > :16:18.demonstrations and shows of force I have been witnessing in recent days
:16:18. > :16:28.in Cairo, that the battle for political control of the country,
:16:28. > :16:54.
:16:54. > :17:04.once elections are held, has begun Egypt's transformation races on.
:17:04. > :17:05.
:17:05. > :17:09.Everyone is jockeying for advantage, and Cairo's streets are the arena.
:17:09. > :17:12.Fridays offer the country's different political forces the
:17:12. > :17:16.chance to mobilise and show how many people they can bring to
:17:16. > :17:23.Tahrir Square. But new tensions have emerged over the institution,
:17:23. > :17:27.timing of elections and the place of Islam in society. Several months
:17:27. > :17:32.after the revolution, some are talking about the need for a second
:17:32. > :17:35.revolution, one thing is clear, that the forces that combine
:17:35. > :17:45.together to topple the former President, Hosni Mubarak, are now
:17:45. > :17:51.
:17:51. > :18:01.engaged in an active competition Early morning on the Nile, and the
:18:01. > :18:03.
:18:03. > :18:06.city's troubles are a world away. These rowers belong to the Arab
:18:06. > :18:16.constructors club. It is a big building firm that is putting
:18:16. > :18:18.
:18:18. > :18:22.something back into the community. Among their first eight are an
:18:22. > :18:28.interior design he, an office manager, and the Cox is a teacher.
:18:28. > :18:33.They think Egypt is on the right course, they are in work, and as
:18:33. > :18:40.their hour's training row end, seem to trust the country's temporary
:18:40. > :18:47.military helmsmen. Is their job a bit like your job in
:18:47. > :18:51.the boat, the cox, to steer Egypt in the right direction. It will be
:18:51. > :19:01.good, we will be stable, after this situation any revolution in the
:19:01. > :19:05.
:19:05. > :19:12.world takes more time to be stable. Not everyone shares that confidence.
:19:12. > :19:16.Here a TV show was going out. Among the guests an editor from one of
:19:16. > :19:21.the top pro-democracy parties. They have been casting doubt whether the
:19:21. > :19:24.military council ruling Egypt to election also really hand over
:19:24. > :19:28.power. TRANSLATION: The election process
:19:29. > :19:32.is in danger. Civil society in Egypt is weak. The real threat is
:19:32. > :19:35.not that the military don't want to give up power, but that political
:19:35. > :19:41.parties are so disorganised that the military says it must stay in
:19:42. > :19:47.power. Downing Street about the way ahead
:19:47. > :19:50.lay behind a protestor's decision early in July to reoccupy Tahrir
:19:50. > :19:54.Square. A rainbow coalition of groups came to demand justice for
:19:54. > :19:58.the country's martyrs, and criticise the generals running the
:19:58. > :20:03.country. Some here bother the scars of a
:20:03. > :20:08.March on military headquarters that ended in violence. Among them this
:20:08. > :20:15.man. An unemployed graduate, who believes the military will not
:20:15. > :20:18.allow free elections. TRANSLATION: We don't want elections, because we
:20:18. > :20:22.don't trust the military to run them fairly. None of the demands of
:20:22. > :20:26.the original revolution have been met yet. And the military have no
:20:26. > :20:35.authority. There should be a second revolution, with a broader case
:20:35. > :20:41.base. In this city the Muslim Brotherhood has become adept at
:20:41. > :20:45.judging the mood. Founded 60 years ago, and underground for decade, it
:20:46. > :20:52.decided to get out of the protest camp and condemn those who stayed.
:20:52. > :20:59.To stay in Tahrir Square will create chaos, stopping people going
:20:59. > :21:07.to the famous buildings, marching to the army it causes criticism for
:21:07. > :21:10.it creating chaos in the street, this is dangerous. The Muslim
:21:10. > :21:14.Brotherhood and others left the democracy groups behind in the
:21:14. > :21:19.square. They are now speeding into the future, accepting that the army
:21:19. > :21:23.will bow out, and preparing to win November's elections.
:21:23. > :21:33.Those most friendly to western values meanwhile, are still trying
:21:33. > :21:35.
:21:35. > :21:41.to find traction. This event brought the social media
:21:41. > :21:44.glit rattity to a Cairo hotel, TV presenters, corporate sponsors and
:21:44. > :21:54.humam rights activists joined the blogger who calls himself
:21:54. > :21:57.
:21:57. > :22:00.Sendmonkey. They wanted to raise money via Twitter for one of
:22:00. > :22:03.Cairo's slums. Like others on this progressive wing of politics, he's
:22:03. > :22:08.already crying foul about the election. In the new election they
:22:08. > :22:16.have stated that there will be no international observers. I'm not
:22:16. > :22:18.saying that they intend to do fraud in the elections, I'm just saying
:22:18. > :22:27.that usually Governments that don't want the election monitored have
:22:27. > :22:30.something to hide. While the Twitterratie debate the
:22:30. > :22:39.timing of elections or rivalries, their relationship with the
:22:39. > :22:44.community they were helping seems to be arm's length.
:22:44. > :22:51.When we went to here, the fundraisers' organisers couldn't
:22:51. > :22:59.come with us or put us in touch with any community workers. More
:22:59. > :23:03.than 600,000 people live here, with few services. Many rely on state-
:23:03. > :23:06.subsidised bread, and times are tough because the economy has
:23:06. > :23:11.stalled since the revolution. But the issue that most concerned the
:23:11. > :23:16.people we spoke to, was the desappearance of the police.
:23:16. > :23:26.- disappearance of the police. They told me the most noticable change
:23:26. > :23:28.
:23:28. > :23:34.since the revolution was the slow response time of the police. The
:23:34. > :23:43.Muslim Brotherhood has seen the law and order vacuum as an opportunity
:23:43. > :23:48.to extend its own services. When we see the police going, our system
:23:48. > :23:54.helps people to keep their security in all towns and villages, and even
:23:54. > :23:59.the rate of crimes declined, not rose.
:23:59. > :24:03.The faltering police and faltering economy combined to produce scenes
:24:03. > :24:07.like this, most days in Cairo. Rising prices and unploil
:24:07. > :24:13.employment, key factors in triggering the revolution continue
:24:13. > :24:21.to eat away at social stability. These people are very angry because
:24:21. > :24:24.the boss of their company has sacked 1200 workers and her
:24:24. > :24:28.demonstrating at the gateway to the headquarters of the company. On
:24:28. > :24:33.this same street, if you look down here, there are dozens of
:24:33. > :24:36.ambulances, because the ambulance men are also in dispute with their
:24:36. > :24:42.employers. And at the same time people are coming through the
:24:42. > :24:46.street getting more and more angry, and this is Cairo today.
:24:46. > :24:56.The army looked on, it tries to avoid stepping in to street
:24:56. > :25:06.
:25:06. > :25:11.violence. And the generals have Insiders, meanwhile, scorned the
:25:11. > :25:17.idea that the army wants to do anything other than get back to
:25:17. > :25:20.barracks as soon as it can. TRANSLATION: I don't think the
:25:20. > :25:25.transition period will go on for much longer. It is wrong to think
:25:25. > :25:29.the military want to takeover. No- one would want that. Including the
:25:29. > :25:35.international community. The military want to hold elections as
:25:35. > :25:44.soon as possible. So if order is shaky and the army can't police,
:25:44. > :25:49.what will happen here? Down in the Al-Hussein district, the tourist
:25:49. > :25:54.market is on its knees, disorder has hit tourism hard. Some of the
:25:54. > :26:01.stall holders used to make 300 Egyptian pounds on a good day, now
:26:01. > :26:05.it is one tenth of that. business is going down, it is not
:26:05. > :26:09.going up. Some here want a military crackdown,
:26:09. > :26:17.but they know it won't happen. Instead, they pray the elections
:26:17. > :26:21.will end the country's disorder. It started so good and now it has
:26:21. > :26:29.become ridiculous. And the army is not so bad what they think, it is
:26:29. > :26:35.not so bad. So, if the stage is set for
:26:35. > :26:45.political showdown, with November's planned elections, last Friday's
:26:45. > :26:45.
:26:45. > :26:51.prayers in Tahrir Square showed one party's ability to organise. This
:26:51. > :26:56.event was dominated by Salafist, religious Muslim, must stricter
:26:56. > :27:01.than the Brotherhood in the observance they urge.
:27:01. > :27:06.There was a Wahhabi preacher holding forth in Saudi dialect, and
:27:06. > :27:12.hundreds of thousands of people had turned up. Among them the cox from
:27:13. > :27:16.the rowing club and his friends. The Islamic parties will win in the
:27:16. > :27:22.election? We hope, we aim to win. Because there are more and more
:27:22. > :27:32.people, you see, most people here, Islam is the most people in Egypt.
:27:32. > :27:38.About 77% in the last vote. We will win, I think. Egypt is an Islamic
:27:38. > :27:43.area, we are not Muslim, they want to make us liberal, we respect
:27:44. > :27:49.those people, but keep those things for you, and leave the people say
:27:49. > :27:55.what they want. If the people want to live liberally we will live with
:27:55. > :28:01.them, if people say they want Islam, we go with Islam, that is democracy.
:28:01. > :28:05.The Brotherhood does not share the Sulafist desire for a swift move to
:28:05. > :28:10.an Islamic state. What is clear is that the two Islamic parties
:28:10. > :28:15.between them may well deliver a majority of the electorate.
:28:15. > :28:25.None of the liberal-minded parties favoured by the west has brought
:28:25. > :28:25.
:28:25. > :28:29.these numbers to the square. The Sulafist produced a disciplined,
:28:29. > :28:36.impressive show of strength. It really shows the relative
:28:37. > :28:40.balance of political forces here. And the ability of the Islamists to
:28:40. > :28:44.answer people's concerns from security to economic and to
:28:44. > :28:50.mobilise their people and get their vote out.
:28:50. > :28:54.Whether or not the US or UK like what they see as Egypt careers
:28:54. > :29:00.towards the polls, there is little they can now do to influence this
:29:00. > :29:04.revolution. Elections happen as planned, then
:29:04. > :29:10.the superior organisation and ideolgical strength of the Islamist
:29:10. > :29:14.movements could easily bring them victory.
:29:14. > :29:17.We have got our memory man coming up in just a few moments. First t
:29:17. > :29:21.has been a bad Newsweek for economies, from the United States
:29:21. > :29:24.to Spain and itly the, but while the politicians talk of billions -
:29:24. > :29:30.and Italy, but while the politicians talk of billions and
:29:30. > :29:33.trillions, we wondered how the rest of us are being squeezed in pounds
:29:33. > :29:38.and pence. We have exclusive research that shows what has
:29:38. > :29:42.happened to our take-home pay since the recession hit. It is sobering
:29:42. > :29:45.stuff. Generally speaking it is on a
:29:45. > :29:51.downward spiral, small businesses have been hit as well.
:29:51. > :29:57.We are teachers, we are both on a pay freeze this year. But certainly
:29:57. > :30:02.petrol and food definitely. Eats a little more at your monthly income.
:30:02. > :30:07.Have you had pay rise lately? lately, but I'm looking for one,
:30:07. > :30:11.man. How are you finding prices and paying the bills? Getting harder
:30:11. > :30:15.right now. This is Slough, one of several
:30:15. > :30:25.candidates, along with the likes of Banbury and Northampton, for the
:30:25. > :30:30.
:30:30. > :30:34.title of "Average Town UK". The amount consumers are likely to fork
:30:34. > :30:39.out is changing. We have been hearing a lot in
:30:39. > :30:42.recent months about the squeeze on living standards, but we haven't
:30:42. > :30:46.heard much about it means in pounds and pence. We commissioned special
:30:46. > :30:51.research to find out what the effect had been on people's take
:30:51. > :31:01.home pay, we found out in the last two-and-a-half years, real take
:31:01. > :31:05.home pay has fallen for the average person by more than 12 - �1200 a
:31:05. > :31:09.year. In real terms the average construction worker is taking �86
:31:09. > :31:16.less than last year. The average retail worker, already
:31:16. > :31:22.on low pay was �25 a month worse off. And the average public sector
:31:22. > :31:28.workers' take home pay is boun by �50. This affects families like
:31:28. > :31:31.this, Guy used to run a business, but changed career to be a teacher,
:31:31. > :31:35.a move made possible by the recession. Because interest rates
:31:35. > :31:40.came down so far, our mortgage had become very, very affordable, and
:31:40. > :31:44.that meant I had little and little bit extra which allowed me to take
:31:44. > :31:48.the plunge and do my training. During the worst of the recession
:31:48. > :31:52.we were better off, as we are climbing out, so we have got more
:31:52. > :31:55.expenses, and bills are going up, inflation is going up, and we're,
:31:55. > :32:00.although I'm going to get a little bit more money, obviously it is
:32:00. > :32:04.going to get a little bit tighter in many respects. Sarah is trying
:32:04. > :32:08.to ease the squeeze on the family budget by taking on more work as a
:32:08. > :32:12.private swimming teacher. Yes we are bring anything more income now,
:32:12. > :32:15.which is fantastic, it is the expense of the family time we
:32:15. > :32:19.spending to. What happened to this family also happened to most of us.
:32:19. > :32:23.Even in the boom years, before the banking crisis, the average take
:32:23. > :32:28.home pay didn't keep up with prices. It was actually only when the
:32:28. > :32:31.global recession struck, that the cost of living fell, and we got
:32:32. > :32:35.better off. It is now that we are in recovery that the amount we can
:32:35. > :32:40.buy with our money is again slipping back.
:32:40. > :32:44.Food prices have been pushed up by a surge in demand from Asia, and
:32:44. > :32:50.the weak pound means shoppers here are squeezed harder than the UK or
:32:50. > :32:56.Europe. That pinchs particularly hard if you are a mum with mouths
:32:56. > :33:00.to feed. The day-to-day budget, clothing for instance, kids don't
:33:00. > :33:04.stay the same size, you have to buy loads of clothes. What else, I mean,
:33:04. > :33:08.taking them out, day trips, you can't just take them to the park,
:33:09. > :33:12.they get a bid bored, there might be other stuff you need money for.
:33:12. > :33:15.The trouble with the word "recovery", it is misleading if you
:33:15. > :33:18.take it to mean the consumer is getting off and feeling better. In
:33:18. > :33:23.fact we got better off in the recession and we are getting worse
:33:23. > :33:27.off now in the recovery. What's really happening here is that we
:33:27. > :33:32.are breaking our addiction to spending beyond our means. And what
:33:32. > :33:36.we don't yet know is whether this cure is going to be more painful
:33:36. > :33:41.than the disease. We are worse off now than we were
:33:41. > :33:43.in 2004, and what's driving that, according to one think-tank, is an
:33:43. > :33:46.unprecedented situation where we are competing with countries that
:33:46. > :33:51.pay their workers a tenth of what we do.
:33:51. > :33:55.I wouldn't be at all surprised if we had to cut our living standards
:33:55. > :34:00.by roundabout a quarter over a generation. And actually that's
:34:00. > :34:05.just an extrap laigs over what has happened over the last eight years.
:34:05. > :34:11.This is not predetermined and if we get ourselves the right skills so
:34:11. > :34:14.we can compete in premium areas to charge premium prices, then we
:34:14. > :34:19.don't have to cut our living standards. We will be forced to if
:34:19. > :34:29.we are simply in the same areas, and we are therefore competing in
:34:29. > :34:34.
:34:34. > :34:40.the same traditional areas that we have in the past. Our families are
:34:40. > :34:45.gaining more by step anything and doing some work in other ways, this
:34:45. > :34:50.work has brought in �100 a month. We have to step up what we are
:34:50. > :34:54.doing if our children will not be worse off than the parents.
:34:54. > :34:57.The greatest conference on memory will be held this month. Explaining
:34:58. > :35:03.how memory can be improved and impaired. We will discuss what we
:35:03. > :35:07.know, and the vast amount we still do not know about memory.
:35:07. > :35:14.Steven Smith remembered to turn up for work today, we put him to good
:35:14. > :35:18.use. Are you ready Mr Memory? I will
:35:18. > :35:23.place myself into readiness for this evening's performance, and
:35:23. > :35:27.super material. Mr Memory has been turning in unforgetable
:35:27. > :35:37.performances. Now ladies and gentlemen first question please.
:35:37. > :35:37.
:35:37. > :35:43.Yes, Sir, being beg your pardon, Sir, who won the cup in 19267.
:35:43. > :35:50.1926, the Arsenal gunners were beaten in the presence of His
:35:50. > :35:57.Majesty King George V. The great old yarn The 39 Steps, running in
:35:57. > :36:02.London, resolves around a prodigious feat of memory. It is a
:36:02. > :36:09.strange old mismemory, we are impressed by it, we know when it is
:36:09. > :36:13.working and when it isn't. When it comes to how the old grey
:36:14. > :36:18.matter actually operates, you are asking the wrong species, mate.
:36:18. > :36:21.know, as brain scientists, quite a lot what happens when we learn
:36:21. > :36:24.something, what changes take place in the brain then. What we know
:36:24. > :36:34.almost nothing about is how we actually remember, that is what
:36:34. > :36:39.
:36:39. > :36:46.goes on in the brain to enable you Memory. Andrew Lloyd Webber had it
:36:46. > :36:50.right, yet again, when he said every street light seems to beat a
:36:50. > :36:54.fatalistic warning. Technological aids are all very well, but don't
:36:54. > :36:57.lose the old skills. The status of memory has changed, because of
:36:57. > :37:00.technology. Memory is something that we don't attach as much
:37:00. > :37:04.importance to, as we used to, because we can get machines to do
:37:04. > :37:08.it for us, we don't bother to remember phone numbers any more,
:37:08. > :37:12.because we feel secure that they are stowed away in our pocket
:37:12. > :37:15.somewhere. I can still remember the phone numbers of my childhood
:37:15. > :37:25.friends, but I couldn't tell you what my wife's phone number was. We
:37:25. > :37:30.
:37:30. > :37:35.have sort of outsourced that We invited eight-times world
:37:35. > :37:38.champion memory man, Dominic O'Brien into the controlled
:37:38. > :37:46.environment of the overheating Newsnight Green Room, to show us
:37:46. > :37:51.what a trained memory can do. Is it best if I don't talk to you now, do
:37:51. > :37:58.you have to concentrate? It is up to you. Dominic said he could
:37:58. > :38:03.memorise 20 random playing cards in the right order in 30 seconds or so.
:38:03. > :38:08.Starting from the top, the cards are. The four of spades, the ace of
:38:08. > :38:14.club, the seven of diamonds, the three of hearts, it is the ace of
:38:14. > :38:19.hearts, the eight of diamond, followed by the king of spades.
:38:19. > :38:23.came up with them faster than I can shuffle them. How did you do that?
:38:23. > :38:33.I'm bringing the cards to life Madgeing them as people. And using
:38:33. > :38:37.
:38:37. > :38:41.- imagining them as people, and then a journey. Back at the 39
:38:41. > :38:45.Steps, the actor in the role has his memory tested. It is not like
:38:45. > :38:50.the actor in the role with the lines written everywhere and on
:38:50. > :38:54.your sleeve. Can we check that. For paying customers, there is nothing
:38:54. > :39:03.there. No ear pieces. Not like Marlon brand dough, you just have
:39:03. > :39:09.to learn it. What was Napoleon's horse called? It was called
:39:09. > :39:15.Balerithon, when he road at the battle of Waterloo, am I right,
:39:15. > :39:22.Sir? Quite right. Memory man, Dominic O'Brien is with
:39:22. > :39:29.us now, along with my guests. As we are talking we have challenge for
:39:29. > :39:32.Dominic, to memorise these numbers. There is 100 of them in order, by
:39:32. > :39:41.the end of the programme, in about five minutes time. I think the
:39:41. > :39:45.number also appear now. Now. While Dominic is having fun, I
:39:45. > :39:48.just want to talk but about some of the things that we think we know
:39:48. > :39:53.about memory. The first thing that strikes me is we all think that as
:39:53. > :39:58.we get older our memories get worse s is that true? It is actually an
:39:58. > :40:02.interesting idea that research hasst now revealing that there is
:40:02. > :40:07.different aspectss of memory that get better as we age - aspects of
:40:07. > :40:10.memory that get better as we age. One of them is our wisdom or our
:40:10. > :40:15.general knowledge. While we might experience things like for getting
:40:15. > :40:20.names or certain details of situations. Or car keys?
:40:20. > :40:24.getting things that have just happened to us, - forgetting things
:40:24. > :40:28.that have just happened to us. But we are getting better with age in
:40:28. > :40:31.rembering concepts and facts and general knowledge. Is there a
:40:31. > :40:34.difference between good and bad memories. Older people sometimes
:40:34. > :40:38.remember good things, but forget some of the bad things. That might
:40:38. > :40:42.be a good defence mechanism? That is actually right. We know that
:40:42. > :40:47.despite the fact that there is a lot of negative things that happen
:40:47. > :40:52.as we age, our health might be failing, our our relatives might be
:40:52. > :40:56.passing way, older adults have a very good way of regulating their
:40:56. > :41:03.emotions, in terms of focusing on positive information in their
:41:03. > :41:06.environment and rembering that. memory always useful, I would
:41:06. > :41:11.always think there are some things we would want to forget, and that
:41:11. > :41:15.is a good thing? It can sometimes be a serious problem for people who
:41:15. > :41:18.have survived traumatic or life- threatening events, these intrusive
:41:18. > :41:23.and vivid memories might come flooding back for many, many years
:41:23. > :41:27.afterwards, something we used to call shell shock, but is now known
:41:27. > :41:31.as post-traumatic stress disorder. One of the things that has been
:41:31. > :41:34.coming up at the conference we are running up, is the remarkable
:41:34. > :41:38.flexibility of memory, and the fact that we might have in the future
:41:38. > :41:42.new ways that might be able to change or reduce these kind of
:41:43. > :41:48.intrusive memory it is not always a good thing to remember. We are
:41:48. > :41:52.watching Dominic here, memorise all these numbers, do we know how
:41:52. > :41:56.memory works, we know it is like a filing cabinet and pull things out
:41:56. > :42:00.s that right, is that how it works? I think the first piece of
:42:00. > :42:03.understanding we must make clear is that there is not just one type of
:42:03. > :42:07.memory, there are many different types of memory. And they all work
:42:07. > :42:10.in different ways, and perhaps depend on different brain
:42:10. > :42:13.mechanisms that can go wrong in different ways. Dominic now is
:42:13. > :42:17.probably trying to remember these numbers as being located in
:42:17. > :42:23.different places around his house or around a familiar route, as he
:42:23. > :42:26.mentioned before. That kind of technique might enable him to use
:42:27. > :42:30.his hipercampus, a part of the brain that we use for finding our
:42:30. > :42:33.way around, but also the part used for long-term memories. This is
:42:33. > :42:37.clearly interesting, but if it we did know much more about memory and
:42:37. > :42:41.how it works, would that help us in some way, would we be able to
:42:41. > :42:45.achieve more? I think there is a number of misconception that is we
:42:45. > :42:50.actually have in our common understanding of how memory works,
:42:50. > :42:53.and so an understanding the ways in which memory can be enhanced, new
:42:53. > :42:58.research that has been done in the states has shown there is different
:42:58. > :43:02.ways in which we can study material, to better learn that material, and
:43:02. > :43:06.to have it endure for longer. And I think also understanding that
:43:06. > :43:11.memory goes beyond the past and that is something I have really
:43:11. > :43:16.been focused on. Memory goes beyond the past? I have been researching
:43:16. > :43:20.how memory is used as the building blocks to imagine the future. Even
:43:20. > :43:24.though memorys play - memories play back like videos in your mind, they
:43:24. > :43:28.are stored in different ways, as framents or details across the
:43:28. > :43:32.brain, that actually mean that is memory can be pulled apart and put
:43:32. > :43:35.together in different ways. In that sense, what is the relationship
:43:35. > :43:39.between having good memory or being intelligent and creative, they are
:43:39. > :43:44.all slightly different things, we assume people who are intelligent
:43:45. > :43:48.have good memories? Donna has raised way in which memory can help
:43:48. > :43:52.with creativity by putting together new ideas in a new imaginative way.
:43:52. > :43:56.More generally, I'm not certain there is a close relationship
:43:56. > :44:01.between all good types of memory and intelligence. Some kind of
:44:01. > :44:05.memory might allow you to continually store habits that are
:44:05. > :44:09.reinforced over and over again, you might not be able to think about
:44:09. > :44:14.those things, they come automatically to mind, I'm thinking
:44:15. > :44:22.about riding the bike and playing the piano, that is memory too but
:44:22. > :44:28.not the sort of thing we think of when we think of the word. People
:44:28. > :44:32.and me have things like false memory, things I think my parent
:44:32. > :44:37.told me, but they weren't there, that is quite important? There are
:44:37. > :44:42.ways memory can be distort or fail, we might forget the source of the
:44:42. > :44:46.information. We can't remember the context of how we encountered that.
:44:46. > :44:49.Memories are stored in these fragments, when we retrieve a
:44:50. > :44:53.memory, we have to bring together all the fragments again. It is
:44:53. > :44:57.possible we might leave certain details out, or bring in details
:44:57. > :45:01.from other experiences. I was wondering what the big thing that
:45:01. > :45:05.we could hope for in some of this would be. People will also think
:45:05. > :45:09.about Alzheimer's and loss of memory, and terrible debilltation
:45:09. > :45:15.that cause, is it possible, through studying how we remember things,
:45:15. > :45:19.that we might help in Alzheimer's and similar conditions? That is
:45:19. > :45:24.absolutely right, what Dominic is doing now seems like a bit of money,
:45:24. > :45:28.but memory is a serious business, if you lose your memory you are
:45:28. > :45:31.losing your sense of self. Alzheimer's is something to be
:45:31. > :45:34.solved and one of the most pressing issues for scientists to work on
:45:34. > :45:38.today. Dominic your time for memorising stops now.
:45:38. > :45:48.Thank you very much. We will get back to you and test you in just a
:45:48. > :46:15.
:46:15. > :46:17.second. 30 seconds after I have Back to Dominic now to see if he
:46:17. > :46:27.can give us the 100 numbers in order.
:46:27. > :46:35.
:46:35. > :46:45.You have until the credits run out. , 6331, 1, 5 7, 29, 6, 8, 3, 55, 59,
:46:45. > :46:52.
:46:52. > :47:02.3, 1, 33, 46, 437, 2, 5, 88, 7, 4 I think it is 81, 1, 4, 40 it could
:47:02. > :47:14.
:47:14. > :47:24.be 8, 7, 7430, 2, 1, 17, 2, 24, 26, 1, 9, 28, 50, 5, 28, 22, 4, 7, 8,
:47:24. > :47:24.
:47:24. > :47:27.22, 3, 5, 8, 33, 5, 1. 22, 3, 5, 8, 33, 5, 1.
:47:27. > :47:30.APPLAUSE. Good evening, the daytime heat has
:47:30. > :47:35.peaked, one more muggy night to deal with. With it outbreaks of
:47:36. > :47:39.rain pushing to the west. The wetter weather will push through
:47:39. > :47:42.areas. Rain working up other parts of eastern England. Into the
:47:42. > :47:46.afternoon brighter weather will develop for North West England, a
:47:46. > :47:49.wetter afternoon in store for eastern most parts. Particularly in
:47:49. > :47:54.East Anglia, it is East Anglia to the London area to the south where
:47:54. > :48:00.we could see minor flooding. London drying out for the second half of
:48:00. > :48:04.the day. Many will see sunshine come out through the afternoon. The
:48:04. > :48:06.temperatures will have dropped, humid and fresher in the shade. The
:48:07. > :48:10.August sunshine strong enough across Wales to make it feel
:48:10. > :48:13.reasonably warm. A brighter end to the day than we started with. For
:48:13. > :48:16.Northern Ireland brightening skies in the afternoon, temperatures in
:48:16. > :48:20.the high teens, squeezing the low 20s. For the northern half of
:48:20. > :48:25.Scotland here the rain that stafrted in the south will have
:48:25. > :48:29.pushed its way northwards and will remain wet through Thursday night.
:48:29. > :48:33.Then the changes, northern areas we have the rain predominantly on
:48:33. > :48:39.Thursday, Friday looking dryer, same further south, temperatures
:48:39. > :48:42.will climb a little bit for one or two. Not back to the heat and