:00:08. > :00:11.Not content with hacking the phones of the families of murder victims,
:00:11. > :00:15.News International also put under surveillance the lawyers seeking
:00:15. > :00:19.redress for those invasions of privacy.
:00:19. > :00:23.The two solicitors responsible for most of the cases against the
:00:23. > :00:30.disgraced media organisation, as well as their relatives, were
:00:30. > :00:34.secretly filmed and followed by private zebgtives. The ambition -
:00:34. > :00:39.zebgtives. The ambition? To discredit them.
:00:39. > :00:43.I was asked to do the work, I was not to stop doing the work, only
:00:43. > :00:48.when the News of the World closed. We will hear from one of the
:00:48. > :00:53.detectives in the cross hairs. We will hear how the News of the World
:00:53. > :00:57.tried to shield the Prime Minister's then spin doctor from
:00:57. > :01:00.any fall-out.The Government who said it would be tough on
:01:00. > :01:03.immigration found itself letting any Tom Dick or Harry into the
:01:03. > :01:06.country. Who killed off the political career
:01:06. > :01:12.of the latest Papandreou to leave Greece. A member of his cabinet
:01:12. > :01:18.might know the answer. And since the days of exorism and
:01:18. > :01:22.bedlem, we have been failing to cure mental illness, is medical
:01:22. > :01:26.science on the cusp of offering serious new hope. We are really
:01:26. > :01:36.facing a tipping point here in where we are in the research on
:01:36. > :01:41.mental illness. If it wasn't true it would take
:01:41. > :01:45.some believing, but it is true, and News of the World admit it is true.
:01:45. > :01:50.The News of the World hired a private detective to investigate
:01:50. > :01:53.lawyers representing people who had been hacked by the News of the
:01:53. > :01:58.World. This was not something that happened ages ago, but very
:01:58. > :02:02.recently. Its implications reach into Downing Street.
:02:02. > :02:07.It must have seemed the most ordinary days for the residents of
:02:07. > :02:12.this house in north Manchester last year, unknown to them they were the
:02:12. > :02:16.tart of covert surveillance. - target of covert surveillance. They
:02:16. > :02:20.were followed and filmed by a private detective in a nearby car,
:02:20. > :02:23.every move was scrutinised, they had no idea. A quick stop at Tescos,
:02:23. > :02:27.then back home, all captured on film, they were trailed every step
:02:27. > :02:30.of the way. It is terrifying to think that someone can be watching
:02:30. > :02:33.you, following you around doing your every day things and you
:02:33. > :02:36.haven't a clue they are there. If it happened then it could be
:02:36. > :02:39.happening now, I'm very scared and nervous now when I go out of the
:02:39. > :02:43.house. I'm looking around and seeing if anyone is there.
:02:43. > :02:47.woman filmed was the former wife of Mark Lewis, Manchester-based
:02:47. > :02:51.solicitor, who is leading the way in suing News of the World and its
:02:51. > :02:55.publishers for hacking phones. Mark Lewis, on the right, with
:02:55. > :03:02.papers in his hand, was become ago serious threat to Rupert Murdoch's
:03:02. > :03:06.media empire. In 2008, two years before the surveillance on his
:03:06. > :03:11.family, newsgroup paid one of his clients more than �500,000 in an
:03:11. > :03:16.out of court settlement. It looked like hush money to stop the wider
:03:16. > :03:20.story of phone hacking coming out. Newsnight has learned the identity
:03:20. > :03:24.of the private investigator who traileded Mark Lewis's family. He
:03:24. > :03:29.is called Derek Webb, a former policeman with 14 years of
:03:29. > :03:35.surveillance under his belt. He ran a company called Silent Shadow,
:03:35. > :03:42.earlier in the year he was asked by News of the World to trail
:03:42. > :03:44.Charlotte Harris and Mark Lewis. Charlotte Harris was also targeted
:03:44. > :03:48.for surveillance, News of the World believed she was having an affair.
:03:48. > :03:52.When they named the other party, they wanted me to go to his address
:03:52. > :03:59.the first night. I went to his address. It was clear he wasn't
:03:59. > :04:01.living there. So they then told me the two addresses which were
:04:01. > :04:07.solicitors firms. They basically gave me the opportunity of which
:04:07. > :04:11.one I wanted to do, but to do both of them to try to see where they
:04:11. > :04:16.would meet up. We don't know who authorised this specific
:04:16. > :04:20.surveillance operation against Mark Lewis's family. But this dossier of
:04:20. > :04:23.documents obtained by Newsnight shows on other occasions the idea
:04:23. > :04:27.of using surveillance against the two solicitors was carefully
:04:27. > :04:30.discussed. What these documents show is the idea of using private
:04:30. > :04:35.detectives to dig around into their personal lives was discussed at a
:04:35. > :04:39.very high level. But why? These documents were passed by newsgroup
:04:40. > :04:45.to the Metropolitan Police as part of their investigation into phone
:04:45. > :04:52.hacking. In return they released them to Mark Lewis late last week.
:04:52. > :05:02.Many are e-mails from the News of the World - News Corporation
:05:02. > :05:14.
:05:14. > :05:18.solicitors. I'm devastated on many level, to
:05:18. > :05:21.follow my teenage daughter is nothing short of sick.
:05:21. > :05:24.documents show that News Group newspapers showed the solicitors
:05:24. > :05:28.were in a relationship and passing confidential information to each
:05:28. > :05:31.other to help with new phone hacking cases and they were looking
:05:31. > :05:35.for evidence. Farrer & Co commissioned a firm of private
:05:35. > :05:45.detectives to look into their backgrounds. On the 6th of May last
:05:45. > :05:50.
:05:50. > :05:54.year, Julian Pike from Farrer & Co The firm of private detectives did
:05:54. > :05:58.not carry out surveillance work as far as we know, but they did write
:05:58. > :06:04.a report seen by Newsnight, which provided a lot of detail about the
:06:04. > :06:09.perm lives of Charlotte Harris and Mark Lewis. - personal lives of
:06:09. > :06:13.Charlotte Harris and Mark Lewis. There is no evidence that Farrer &
:06:13. > :06:17.Co commissioned the work, but we know News of the World did.
:06:17. > :06:27.Many say the tactic was indefensible. News International
:06:27. > :06:33.
:06:33. > :06:37.News Group's lawyers, Farrer & Co, did not instruct Derek Webb to
:06:38. > :06:40.carry out any surveillance, we wanted to ask them about the e-mail
:06:40. > :06:44.that showed they were considering surveillance. They said they
:06:44. > :06:48.couldn't comment on the matters without their client's permission,
:06:48. > :06:55.which they don't have. There is one wrinkle, it involves the former
:06:55. > :06:58.press spokesman Andy Coulsen who resigned as editor of news over
:06:58. > :07:01.phone hacking. It is thought that even after he left, his laurbs led
:07:01. > :07:04.by the Murdoch family, were sensitive about damaging his work
:07:04. > :07:09.with David Cameron around the election time. At a meeting called
:07:09. > :07:12.to discuss phone hacking six days after the election, News Group's
:07:12. > :07:17.lawyer at Farrer & Co stated he had been instructed not to do anything
:07:17. > :07:23.for three or four weeks to prevent further leaks around the election,
:07:23. > :07:33.because of the inevitable take on Andy Coulsen. Although the
:07:33. > :07:36.
:07:36. > :07:39.It seems even after he had left News of the World, Rupert Murdoch's
:07:39. > :07:45.former editor was still receiving protection from his old company.
:07:45. > :07:49.Just before we came on air I spoke to Tom Watson MP, a member of the
:07:49. > :07:53.committee investigating the scandal also to Mark Lewis, the lawyer
:07:53. > :07:57.whose family was under surveillance. Mark Lewis, were you aware that you
:07:57. > :08:02.were under surveillance? I wasn't aware of the fact, and it wouldn't
:08:02. > :08:06.have occurred to me, I wouldn't think anyone would stoop that low.
:08:06. > :08:11.Were you aware your family was? That is even worse, you know. It
:08:11. > :08:15.never occurred to me. I have my job in my office, I'm in the court, my
:08:15. > :08:21.family are well out of it. And quite rightly are out of it.
:08:21. > :08:25.what does it feel like to know you were being spied on? It is horrific,
:08:25. > :08:32.it was more horrific that it was my family, my children, my daughters,
:08:32. > :08:37.were being infiltrated, that people were watching them, taking pictures
:08:37. > :08:41.of them. It shouldn't happen, it just shouldn't happen. Tom Watson,
:08:41. > :08:51.how significant is this discovery? I think it is very significant. You
:08:51. > :08:55.
:08:55. > :09:00.know, back in the summer when we interviewed James Murdoch he said
:09:00. > :09:06.the main response to phone hacking was in 2010, now we see the hiring
:09:06. > :09:10.of private detectives to besmirch those helping the phone hacking
:09:10. > :09:14.victims. So the timing is important? It shows an utterly
:09:14. > :09:17.relentless organisation, highly politic sized who would stop at
:09:17. > :09:22.nothing to try to cover this case up. It is another revelation that
:09:22. > :09:27.will shock people when they get to know what it means. What of the
:09:27. > :09:30.remarks that indicate that there was concern about any reflection
:09:30. > :09:35.upon Andy Coulsen, David Cameron's spin doctor? I think for the
:09:35. > :09:38.political world that is clearly the most significant part of this, it
:09:38. > :09:41.shows the company were highly politicised, they were trying to
:09:41. > :09:45.close this case down, but they were also desperate to protect their man
:09:45. > :09:50.at the heart of Government. This was at the time of the coalition
:09:50. > :09:55.talks. Andy Coulsen was destined for a great and powerful job at the
:09:55. > :10:00.heart of Government, and he got there.
:10:00. > :10:05.How unusual is it, Mark, for solicitors to employ or be involved,
:10:05. > :10:10.or have knowledge of the workings of private detectives? There is a
:10:10. > :10:14.different matter between playing the ball and playing the man. You
:10:14. > :10:18.might be investigating an have reason to investigate things that
:10:18. > :10:22.are happening amongst the clients, that if it was proper to make
:10:22. > :10:27.inquiries, then you would do that. But to investigate the other side's
:10:27. > :10:31.lawyer, I have never come across that ever before. You have never
:10:31. > :10:35.come across that? Never. You shouldn't do that, lawyers should
:10:35. > :10:39.not be investigating other lawyers. Why not? It is fundamental to the
:10:39. > :10:43.principle of law. For being lawyer we are meant to be able to
:10:43. > :10:48.represent our client without fear for favour. But people are actually
:10:48. > :10:52.trying to cause you to have fear. People shouldn't be looking at my
:10:52. > :10:55.home address. People shouldn't be following my former wife, following
:10:55. > :11:00.my children. People shouldn't be looking at me to see what I did in
:11:00. > :11:02.my private life. Nothing about my private life could possibly have
:11:02. > :11:06.affected anything that I was doing at work.
:11:06. > :11:11.Well, you are familiar with what they were suggesting, we can't go
:11:11. > :11:15.into the details of it, but you are aware of what they are suggesting?
:11:15. > :11:20.I'm aware. Even if you take everything that they were trying to
:11:20. > :11:25.suggest, even if they had been able to prove anything, it made not one
:11:25. > :11:28.jot of difference to the whole case or anything. They couldn't t
:11:28. > :11:33.wouldn't make any difference. The only thing that they could do with
:11:33. > :11:37.that, was to try to use it to some sort of advantage to either
:11:37. > :11:42.intimidate me personally, or to stop me representing my client
:11:42. > :11:45.properly. They were playing the man. James Murdoch is due to be
:11:45. > :11:50.appearing before your committee again on Thursday. Does it change
:11:50. > :11:54.what you are going to ask him? think he's definitely going to have
:11:54. > :12:00.to explain why when he said the company would get to the bottom of
:12:00. > :12:04.the story the response was to hire private investigators to follow
:12:04. > :12:07.lawyers around, I would imagine he would want to answer that before
:12:07. > :12:09.the committee. He has serious questions to answer, because his
:12:09. > :12:13.original testimony has been not just contradicted by the former
:12:13. > :12:17.editor of the News of the World, but Tom Crone, the in-house lawyer,
:12:17. > :12:21.I'm sure we will want to go into great detail about how his
:12:21. > :12:26.recollection of the events delivers from a number of people who work
:12:26. > :12:30.for him. This whole fair is getting murkier and murkier? If I'm honest
:12:30. > :12:34.with you, I think this organisation is rotten to the core, and it needs
:12:34. > :12:41.dealing with. This revelation tonight, shocking though it is, is
:12:41. > :12:47.another examine of how we have not got to the facts, even now. They
:12:47. > :12:51.themselves acknowledge this was deeply inappropriate behave or, -
:12:51. > :12:58.behaviour, they have shut down the News of the World, they have
:12:58. > :13:05.changed? I heard the Murdochs telling lawyers in Los Angeles they
:13:05. > :13:11.would leave no stone unturned, what we now know they meant is we would
:13:11. > :13:19.hire private investigators to snoop on the lawyers representing the
:13:19. > :13:22.victims, including Milly Dowler's parents' lawyers. I don't think
:13:22. > :13:28.shareholders would want to hear that. These facts have been dragged
:13:28. > :13:31.out over weeks. To be fair, he said after these events? One would
:13:31. > :13:36.imagine given his personal interest in uncovering the truth, he would
:13:36. > :13:40.now know this event had taken place and at his AGM two weeks ago he
:13:40. > :13:45.would be in full knowledge that plieft investigators had been hired
:13:45. > :13:49.to snoop on solicitors. He either chose not the shareholder, or asked
:13:49. > :13:52.the right questions to get to the facts. Either way he has some
:13:52. > :13:58.explaining do. Where do you think it leaves things? There is all
:13:58. > :14:04.sorts of interesting aspects in the timing, for example. They say no
:14:04. > :14:07.current executives were involved in it, but the paper, the newspaper
:14:08. > :14:10.had the reports. He was holding on to them a long time after former
:14:10. > :14:17.executives have left, and they chose to do nothing.
:14:17. > :14:19.Thank you very much. Tomorrow, Richard Watson has some
:14:19. > :14:24.extraordinary revelations on surveillance ordered by the News of
:14:24. > :14:28.the World, over many years. Now, if you are a criminal,
:14:28. > :14:31.terrorist, or illegal immigrant intepbtd on getting into Britain,
:14:31. > :14:35.this summer - intent on getting into Britain, this summer was the
:14:35. > :14:40.time to do it. It is possible the only people who slipped into the
:14:41. > :14:44.country were visiting church choirs. We don't know, nobody knows what
:14:44. > :14:48.happened when border controls were relaxed this summer. This was not
:14:48. > :14:51.what voters understood the Conservatives to mean when they
:14:51. > :14:55.promised to get tough on illegal immigration. But the Prime Minister,
:14:55. > :14:59.apparently, has total confidence in the Home Secretary, because, she
:14:59. > :15:03.hadn't a clue what was going on! There aren't many more important
:15:03. > :15:10.functions of Government than defending our borders, but, it
:15:10. > :15:20.appears, to ease queue, at times, thorough passport checks had been
:15:20. > :15:20.
:15:20. > :15:25.all but abandoned. Passport controllers are supposed to scan
:15:25. > :15:28.passport buy and biometrics, and compare it to the warnings index.
:15:28. > :15:33.Over large parts of the summer, the Home Secretary told the Commons
:15:33. > :15:38.neither happened. The border agency, she said, had taken a limited pilot
:15:38. > :15:41.scheme to relax checks on EU arrivals, and extended it, without
:15:41. > :15:48.ministerial approval. I did not give my consent or authorisation
:15:48. > :15:54.for any of these decisions. Indeed, indeed, I told officials explicitly
:15:54. > :15:58.that the pilot was to go no further than we had agreed. As a result of
:15:58. > :16:01.these unauthorised actions, we will never know how many people entered
:16:01. > :16:06.the country who should have been prevented from doing so after being
:16:06. > :16:09.flagged by the warnings indecision. Newsnight has spoken to a serving
:16:09. > :16:14.border force official here at Heathrow. He has told us at the
:16:14. > :16:19.start of the summer there were so few staff on duty, that the whole
:16:19. > :16:23.passport control system was, "chaotic and unworkable". The order,
:16:23. > :16:29.he says, therefore, came down, relax controls, speed the queues
:16:29. > :16:33.through. However, our informant tells us that relaxation actually
:16:33. > :16:43.went far beyond what the Home Secretary has so far detailed.
:16:43. > :17:18.
:17:18. > :17:23.So why was the border agency under such apparent strain? Well,
:17:23. > :17:27.according to the PCS union, which represents many officers, too many
:17:27. > :17:33.posts have been cut. The agency is having to find savings of 20% over
:17:33. > :17:37.the next four years. Our source told us that on some occasions, 600
:17:37. > :17:41.people were queuing for just two or three officers on duty. Had they
:17:41. > :17:44.not sped them through, people could have been waiting for two or three
:17:44. > :17:54.hours. Our source told us that the
:17:54. > :18:08.
:18:08. > :18:14.instruction to relax controls was Our informant's belief that this
:18:14. > :18:18.wasn't simply a local response to local backlogs and problems here at
:18:18. > :18:21.Heathrow, seems to be shared bit Home Office. Not only has the
:18:21. > :18:25.director of border force operations here at Heathrow been suspended,
:18:25. > :18:29.but his regional boss has been suspended, and the UK head of
:18:29. > :18:35.border force has been suspended. The question is, does this scandal
:18:35. > :18:40.go any higher? Labour says ministers should
:18:40. > :18:46.certainly have known what was going on at the UK Border Agency? How on
:18:46. > :18:50.earth did ministers not know about this? How on earth could there be
:18:50. > :18:54.continual complaints, from staff, for months, and get either the
:18:54. > :18:59.immigration minister, nor the Home Secretary, knew what on earth was
:18:59. > :19:02.going on. At best they were deeply out-of-touch, at worse they were
:19:02. > :19:07.complicit in a loss of control at our borders.
:19:07. > :19:12.Britain's border problems have a long history. Way back in 2006, the
:19:12. > :19:16.then Home Secretary, John Reid, described the Immigration and
:19:16. > :19:19.Nationality Directorate as not fit for purpose. After more than a
:19:19. > :19:23.thousand foreign prisoners were released without being considered
:19:23. > :19:30.for deportation. As a result the IND was broken up, and the UK
:19:30. > :19:34.Border Agency formed, in April 2008. It too has been beset by critical
:19:34. > :19:39.reports. Just this month the Home Affairs Select Committee reported
:19:39. > :19:45.that 14,000 asylum and immigration cases had been dumped in an archive.
:19:45. > :19:48.We simply can't go on running an Immigration Service, with an agency
:19:48. > :19:54.whose senior officials appear to be acting in this way. Someone has
:19:54. > :19:58.really got to say it is time to have a fundamental root and branch
:19:58. > :20:02.look at the UK Border Agency, so that it is fit for purpose.
:20:02. > :20:06.Immigration scandals have claimed many other ministers in the past.
:20:06. > :20:11.The current Home Secretary isn't facing calls to resign, but,
:20:11. > :20:16.neither is she completely in the clear. The Home Office didn't want
:20:16. > :20:19.to put any ministers up tonight, but we have our very own David
:20:19. > :20:24.Grossman here, what has Theresa May got to explain? Tomorrow she's
:20:24. > :20:27.appearing in front of MPs and the Home Affairs Select Committee, she
:20:27. > :20:30.will be answering questions, not specifically on this, but MPs
:20:30. > :20:34.expect to be able to raise the matters. It is simple, in the
:20:34. > :20:39.Commons we heard her say emphatically she didn't authorise
:20:39. > :20:43.any relaxation, beyond the limited pilot, for EU citizens. Yet in the
:20:43. > :20:49.same Commons exchange we heart Yvette Cooper, the shadow Home
:20:49. > :20:53.Secretary, saying they had seen the interim instructions from July 2011,
:20:53. > :20:57.which said, detailing those relaxations for EU citizens, went
:20:57. > :21:03.on to say, if for whatever reason it is considered necessary to take
:21:03. > :21:07.further measures, local managers must escalate to the border force
:21:07. > :21:10.duty director to seek authority for their proposed action. If you want
:21:10. > :21:15.to go furbgts just escalate it within the border force and it is
:21:15. > :21:17.OK. Labour say it is unthinkable that ministers did not sign off on
:21:17. > :21:22.these interim operational instructions and if they didn't,
:21:22. > :21:25.when did they become aware of them, and why didn't they scream blue
:21:25. > :21:29.murder at the UK Border Agency when they found out what they were
:21:29. > :21:36.writing to staff. Where does this go next? I think among the MPs I
:21:36. > :21:39.have been speaking to there is an exasperation that political
:21:39. > :21:44.oversight by arms length agencies doing important jobs like guarding
:21:44. > :21:48.borders is not getting done. There will be a re-push, they have been
:21:48. > :21:51.going on about it for a long time, that Commons select committee
:21:51. > :22:01.should have the right to have confirmation hearings for the head
:22:01. > :22:03.
:22:03. > :22:07.of these very important agencies. Seeing 23 of the inter- the drama
:22:07. > :22:11.that is the Greek crisis, the Prime Minister resigned and the country
:22:11. > :22:15.says can we have more money. The Italian Prime Minister doesn't
:22:15. > :22:19.resign, and his country finds it costs more to borrow from banks.
:22:19. > :22:28.Finance ministers from the less feckless and bankrupt countries
:22:28. > :22:36.look on and wonder how much longer can catastrophy be avoided.
:22:36. > :22:39.Here in Athens, most respectable cemetaries - here in Athens' most
:22:39. > :22:45.respectable cemetery lie fathers and grandfathers, including the
:22:45. > :22:49.grandfather of the man who must stand out of the way, George
:22:49. > :22:53.Papandreou Junior, combined membership of this political clan,
:22:53. > :22:58.with an education so foreign it left him speaking English better
:22:58. > :23:02.than Greek. With all those gifts it was broadly believed by the urban
:23:02. > :23:06.middle-class that George possessed the qualities and values that were
:23:06. > :23:10.necessary to update and modernise the Socialist Party, which had
:23:10. > :23:16.followed a very, very populist model under his father, during the
:23:16. > :23:20.1980s. But George some how failed to effect this turn around. In any
:23:20. > :23:24.case, he failed to convince people he had a plan, that was broadly
:23:24. > :23:29.consistent with humanitarian and socialist, political ideology. And
:23:29. > :23:35.he failed to convince Europe that he had a plan to bring Greece out
:23:36. > :23:40.of chronic debt. George Papandreou embodies too many
:23:40. > :23:43.contradictions. Greeks don't mind he's a socialist from a great
:23:44. > :23:48.political dynasty. It is more that the very westernised nature of his
:23:48. > :23:52.education, manners and speech, which once made him so acceptable
:23:52. > :23:58.to an element of the middle-class here, and to the outside world,
:23:58. > :24:02.have now led him to be denounced, as distinctly unGreek.
:24:02. > :24:07.Mr Papandreou, having first disappointed the Greeks, had the
:24:07. > :24:11.French and Germans turn on him last week. Then they became a Dead Man
:24:11. > :24:17.Walking. The mauling areceived at Cannes,
:24:17. > :24:23.was a bruising illustration of now power realities, and indeed, of
:24:23. > :24:26.German leadership. We are seeing German leadership, dressed up as
:24:26. > :24:29.Franco-German leadership. President Sarkozy is very worried about the
:24:29. > :24:33.economic gap between France and Germany, the fact that the German
:24:33. > :24:37.economy is performing considerably better, and France has to pay more
:24:37. > :24:45.than a percentage point more than Germany to borrow these days. This
:24:45. > :24:48.worries the French. They see that Germany is very much the head of
:24:48. > :24:52.the two. That is why the French are hugging the Germans close, and
:24:52. > :24:57.accepting most of what the Germans want in terms of sorting out the
:24:57. > :25:00.euro mess. Negotiations continued today to form a Greek national
:25:00. > :25:05.unity Government, capable of agreeing to the EU's price for its
:25:05. > :25:08.bailout. If they don't, German and European officials insist, the deal
:25:08. > :25:14.is off. I think it is important that
:25:14. > :25:21.everyone sticks to the deal. I think that the summit has decided
:25:21. > :25:25.an agreement for this next round from the old agreement, but for the
:25:25. > :25:28.new agreement. It must be a coherent policy. You cannot take
:25:29. > :25:33.part of the programme and skip the rest, therefore, we have to explain
:25:33. > :25:37.also to our people, in our countries, that this is a project
:25:38. > :25:42.which has a chance to succeed. Today, attention turned to Italy,
:25:42. > :25:47.where the rate at which the Government borrows reached a new
:25:47. > :25:52.peak, 6.68%. The stock market rose briefly this
:25:52. > :25:56.morning, on reports their Prime Minister was about to step down.
:25:56. > :25:59.That gave some indication of the degree to which Mr Berlusconi
:26:00. > :26:03.himself is now seen as an obstacle, and the pressure is building on his
:26:04. > :26:07.country. I think Berlusconi can't last more
:26:07. > :26:14.than another few days. It is absolutely essential he's no longer
:26:14. > :26:18.running the country. The best option for Italy is President
:26:18. > :26:23.Palitano calls on a cross-party coalition of senior figures from
:26:23. > :26:26.left and right, including respectable men, such as Mario
:26:26. > :26:29.Monti, the former European Commissioner, and the former centre
:26:30. > :26:33.left Prime Minister, and others from the right and left, and gets
:26:33. > :26:38.them to form a Government of national salvation.
:26:38. > :26:43.It may be too early to confine Mr Berlusconi to the political
:26:43. > :26:48.graveyard. But Italy's crisis could become the eurozone's most severe
:26:48. > :26:52.yet. In the events of the last few days, it has been demonstrated the
:26:52. > :26:55.determination of Germany, in particular, to defend the currency.
:26:55. > :26:58.The Greek culture and tourism minister was in London today,
:26:58. > :27:03.drumming up punters to visit his country, and maybe help to balance
:27:03. > :27:10.the books a little bit while they are there. It could be a tough sell,
:27:10. > :27:14.he's here now. Are you still tourism minister? I still am.
:27:14. > :27:19.you be tomorrow? It is a question I have been asked every interview
:27:19. > :27:23.today. Until the Government resigns this is my post, and I will be
:27:23. > :27:27.representing my country and doing my best at it. Do you think the
:27:27. > :27:30.Germans have done you a favour by forcing your Prime Minister to
:27:30. > :27:35.resign and have a new Government of National Unity? I think the series
:27:35. > :27:38.of events that have led us here have been a lot more complicated
:27:38. > :27:43.than just asking George Papandreou to resign. What we have seen in the
:27:44. > :27:47.past few weeks is an accumulation of pressures, that hoos brought us
:27:47. > :27:50.to this place. The Germans - brought us to this place.
:27:50. > :27:53.Germans are calling the shoots and it is right because they are paying
:27:53. > :27:57.your bills? They are putting up a lot of the money that is
:27:57. > :28:01.guarnteeing the process as we go along. The Germans have had a huge
:28:01. > :28:05.say in this. But at the end of the day it is about the eurozone, and
:28:05. > :28:09.how that survives through this turmoil. I have to remind you that
:28:09. > :28:14.something most people don't realise is that the European has not been
:28:15. > :28:18.monitoring the Greek economy since 2009, when we saw the numbers
:28:18. > :28:22.coming out. They have been there since 2004. They made the mistake
:28:22. > :28:26.of trusting the Greek Government, and the Greek Government lied them-
:28:26. > :28:32.to-them, not once but twice? It was the previous Greek Government that
:28:32. > :28:35.brought them in. Saying we can't be trusted, you come and have a look?
:28:35. > :28:39.That is not what happened, what happened is they said we want to
:28:39. > :28:44.make sure. The previous Government did this, they said come in here
:28:44. > :28:48.and look at the numbers with us, so we have a pretty good picture of
:28:48. > :28:53.what the situation was like. Five years down the road, is for getting
:28:53. > :28:58.about the politicians for a second, is the debt was a lot bigger than
:28:58. > :29:04.was reported in that period. The question I'm putting on the table
:29:04. > :29:07.is, did the European Union know the real numbers? And did not disclose
:29:07. > :29:11.them. Or they did not know the numbers, in which case the
:29:11. > :29:16.monitoring was less. This isn't the fault of the rest of the European
:29:16. > :29:19.Union, it is the fault of the Greeks. Why is it the Greeks are so
:29:19. > :29:23.dishonest? That is an accusation that I would never accept. It is
:29:23. > :29:27.like saying right now because you have a particular scandal in
:29:27. > :29:30.British press that the British journalists are not up to the task.
:29:30. > :29:34.Your Government lied about your public finance, 95% of your
:29:34. > :29:38.population claimed to have an income of 30,000 euro as year or
:29:38. > :29:43.less, there was a survey of swimming pools in Greek, 324 people
:29:43. > :29:48.declared they have a swimming pool, the aerial survey shows 17,000,
:29:48. > :29:51.this is ram pant dishonesty from top to bottom? It is very easy to
:29:51. > :29:58.put labels on things. What would you call it? The most difficult
:29:58. > :30:01.thing to do is change the situation we have now and move it forward. We
:30:01. > :30:06.can say what happened and put our hands up in the air, that don't
:30:06. > :30:11.solve a situation. What we need to do now is create the kind of
:30:11. > :30:14.Government that can be trusted, and create the completely different
:30:15. > :30:18.relations with the people so things can move forward. It will not
:30:18. > :30:23.happen as long as there is this relationship that has been built in
:30:23. > :30:27.the past. Do you feel humiliated in any sense that the Germans have
:30:27. > :30:32.posed a new Government upon you? don't look at it as a relationship
:30:32. > :30:36.with one-nation, I say it in a completely different way. I say
:30:36. > :30:40.what Greeks are facing up to now, is the reality of the situation
:30:40. > :30:45.being built over the years. We are doing that in a very condensed
:30:45. > :30:49.period of time. Most trouble that we are in has been caused by
:30:49. > :30:52.several things that have happened wrongly in the past. Certainly in
:30:52. > :30:55.two years we are called on to correct all these things together.
:30:55. > :30:59.It is a tremendous amount of pressure. I think the real people
:30:59. > :31:04.we need to answer to is ourselves, and to make sure that the path
:31:04. > :31:08.ahead is one that we're proud of. You behaved as many people might
:31:08. > :31:17.behaved when offered free money? There was a lot of free money. That
:31:17. > :31:20.is not only a case with Greece. Part of the problem is what
:31:20. > :31:24.happened with the money is even the private sector was very much bound
:31:24. > :31:29.to the public sector. The relationship there became more and
:31:29. > :31:32.more tangled as time went by, also because of corruption. This created
:31:32. > :31:36.an economy that was not competitive. In order to get Greece back on
:31:36. > :31:39.track, we need to get the economy back to being competitive and to be
:31:39. > :31:43.able to reach out, look out and compete with the best that there is
:31:43. > :31:47.out in the world. This is not going to happen from one day to the next.
:31:47. > :31:49.And I would say that if I were to describe what is happening in
:31:49. > :31:54.Greece right now, you have one track, which has to do with the
:31:54. > :31:58.debt and the deficit. The other track has to do with the structural
:31:58. > :32:03.changes. Everybody is paying attention to the debt and the
:32:03. > :32:07.deficit, all measures being looked at is in order to lower them, the
:32:07. > :32:11.real reality is the structural changes need to be done to get
:32:11. > :32:15.Greece to become a development al economy again.
:32:15. > :32:19.- developing economy again. A bit of unalloyed good news, at some
:32:19. > :32:24.point of our lives, very large numbers of us will suffer from some
:32:24. > :32:34.form of mental illness. Unlike many physical conditions, the treatment
:32:34. > :32:34.
:32:34. > :32:39.is often imprecise, hit and miss, trial and error. This week Susan
:32:39. > :32:46.Wats brings news about promises of a revolution in the way mental
:32:46. > :32:56.illness is treated, it may promise life over death. This film contains
:32:56. > :33:13.
:33:13. > :33:18.The statistics are shocking. One in four of us will suffer some form of
:33:18. > :33:26.mental illness during our lifetime, mental I will nest costs life, one
:33:26. > :33:30.in six people with bye polar or other mental illnesses will kill
:33:30. > :33:33.themselves. Treatments sometimes work, sometimes not, and in the
:33:33. > :33:37.more severe cases we are still locking people up. But now,
:33:37. > :33:43.scientists think we are on the verge of a revolution. We are
:33:44. > :33:48.really facing a tipping point here in where we are on the research in
:33:48. > :33:58.mental illness. Answers are being found, by delving deep inside the
:33:58. > :34:08.
:34:08. > :34:14.My first major suicide attempt was in 1995. It is like this black hole.
:34:14. > :34:24.You convince your brain that you would be better off dead. Because
:34:24. > :34:27.
:34:27. > :34:31.that darkness is ...it is all encompassing.
:34:31. > :34:35.Neil Tinning, otherwise known as Twink, has been living with bye
:34:35. > :34:40.polar disorder for most of his life, the drugs help him, but he never
:34:40. > :34:44.knows when he might have another serious or potentially deadly
:34:44. > :34:48.episode. The problem of a sufferer such as myself, you are introduced
:34:48. > :34:52.to a new medication regime, and you always get that plasseel seeb bow
:34:52. > :34:56.effect, you think this time - placebo effect, you think this time
:34:56. > :34:59.it is going to work, and four weeks down the road, after you get the he
:34:59. > :35:03.havecy of the medication, and it doesn't work, and you have to come
:35:03. > :35:09.off that medication, slowly, because you can't do anything
:35:09. > :35:13.sudden, because that could push you into an episode, other meds and
:35:13. > :35:18.combinations, 16 years down the line, after starting medication, I
:35:18. > :35:21.have got to a place where I'm relatively stable, but I always
:35:21. > :35:30.hate saying that, because I never know what's going to happen
:35:30. > :35:34.tomorrow. There could be hope for people like Twink, scientists
:35:34. > :35:38.looking at mental disorders, such as serious depression, now have
:35:38. > :35:41.access to powerful new tools, made possible by advances in science and
:35:41. > :35:46.technology. By understanding the mechanisms of the brain, they are
:35:47. > :35:51.gaining an insight into our minds. Changing what happens in the clinic.
:35:52. > :35:56.And this is what it is all about, the human brain. This one came from
:35:56. > :36:02.a healthy adult female. Scientists are beginning to understand how the
:36:02. > :36:08.brain works, and what makes it go wrong.
:36:08. > :36:11.This is one of the key technologies given scientists that fresh insight.
:36:11. > :36:16.The radiographer, or clinician will inject the subject, and one would
:36:16. > :36:21.record the measurements that would emanate from the subject over a
:36:21. > :36:25.period of, maybe for these particular image, maybe an hour or
:36:25. > :36:29.so. Using the latest in brain scans, scientists have honed in on one
:36:29. > :36:33.region of the brain that becomes overactive in depression. It is
:36:33. > :36:37.called area 25. It means they can actually see what's going wrong and
:36:38. > :36:42.which drugs work best. Already these scanning technologies
:36:42. > :36:47.are having a real impact, they could significantly improve the way
:36:47. > :36:51.patients are treated. In ground-breaking research, seen
:36:51. > :36:55.by Newsnight, a London team taught computer software to recognise
:36:55. > :37:00.patterns in brain images. Those patterns predict which patients
:37:00. > :37:04.will go on to develop the most serious forms of psychosis. With
:37:04. > :37:08.this work we are showing that when people come to us w a first episode
:37:08. > :37:14.of psychosis, we can, in fact, already distinguish the people that
:37:14. > :37:19.will do better from the people who will have more severe illnesses.
:37:19. > :37:21.This will allow us to start I thising of using a different -
:37:21. > :37:31.thinking of using a different treatment for these different
:37:31. > :37:31.
:37:31. > :37:36.groups of people. It is Provera Kapur's job to analyse the results
:37:36. > :37:42.- Professor Kapur's job to analyse the results. Our research has been
:37:42. > :37:46.at a low level. A psychiatrist will look at your problems more deeply.
:37:46. > :37:50.But largely based on what your family members say about the
:37:50. > :37:54.condition, they would have to make up their mind about the diagnosis.
:37:54. > :37:59.There was no aid from clinical, laboratory tests or blood tests, in
:37:59. > :38:02.a way that has been there for the last 50 years in the rest of
:38:02. > :38:08.medicine. This is the first opportunity to take psychiatric
:38:08. > :38:17.dying know circumstance beyond the scriptive. To, in some sense, based
:38:17. > :38:23.in the deeper biology. It is not just brain imaging that is bringing
:38:23. > :38:28.about this change, it is also in the genetics lab. The world's
:38:28. > :38:32.largest genetic study of people with bipolar disorder, is taking
:38:32. > :38:39.place in Cardiff. Professor Nick Craddock is in charge. We are
:38:39. > :38:43.trying to identify genes and therefore molecule, involved in
:38:43. > :38:48.bipolar disorder. That will give as you clear and better understanding
:38:48. > :38:52.of some of the causes and triggers of bipolar disorder. One of his
:38:52. > :38:57.patients is Twink, he has returned to Cardiff to give the team an
:38:57. > :39:05.update on how he has been doing. Can you tell us how things have
:39:05. > :39:12.been going over the last four years? I think I'm starting to see
:39:12. > :39:18.the green shoots of getting better. The last four years have been
:39:18. > :39:24.challenging. At times been desperate. Some of the genetic
:39:24. > :39:29.findings, typically from family studies, help us know how to why
:39:29. > :39:33.identify people at high risk of illness, some of those things are
:39:33. > :39:37.in the clinic from day-to-day. We are already finding some of the
:39:37. > :39:44.sorts of genes that seem to be important in sue Septemberability
:39:44. > :39:48.with bipolar disorder, have a wider role, and also increase sue suss
:39:48. > :39:54.Septemberability to things like depression and schizophrenia. We
:39:55. > :40:04.are understanding why people have a complex mix of symptoms that don't
:40:05. > :40:05.
:40:05. > :40:09.fit neatly into a diagnostic box. As scientists begin to unpick the
:40:09. > :40:13.workings of the brain. The challenge is to fine more
:40:13. > :40:15.effective treatments. Up until now it is hit and miss, almost
:40:15. > :40:19.stumbling across drugs that happen to work.
:40:20. > :40:23.With new tools, such as brain scans and genetics, scientists are
:40:23. > :40:27.talking about a much more sophisticated approach, bringing
:40:27. > :40:37.the medicine of mental health, out of the dark ages and into the 21st
:40:37. > :40:40.century. At the serene country retreat of
:40:40. > :40:43.Britain's National Academy of Sciences, Professor Insel is brain
:40:44. > :40:49.storming with a select group of UK scientists.
:40:49. > :40:54.As head of a billion dollar agency in the states, his views carry some
:40:54. > :40:59.weight. Their task today, to come up with new ways to treat people.
:40:59. > :41:05.What is really intriguing is the development of new compounds. We
:41:05. > :41:10.have one as a sort of proof of concept, called ketamine, which
:41:10. > :41:14.works within three hours rather than six weeks. Is that the same
:41:14. > :41:19.ketamine used as a horse tranquilliser? It is known and
:41:19. > :41:23.around for decades, it was selected because people thought it affect
:41:23. > :41:31.add particular molecular target in the brain, that seems to change
:41:31. > :41:35.after conventional treatment with anti-depressant, people thought let
:41:35. > :41:39.- anti-depleasants, people thought let's jump over that target and see
:41:39. > :41:45.what happens. It is one example of how scientists are coming up with
:41:45. > :41:48.faster and more effective treatment, and it is that which has them
:41:48. > :41:52.excited. This is a potentially deadly illness for which you would
:41:52. > :41:54.want to have treatments that don't take six to eight weeks to work.
:41:54. > :41:59.You would like something to work more quickly. This is a game
:41:59. > :42:03.changer in that sense. It is that kind of advance, that
:42:03. > :42:07.scientists hope will change the way we all think about mental illness.
:42:07. > :42:11.That this is not something that is all in the mind, from which people
:42:11. > :42:15.should just pull themselves together. Their hope is that mental
:42:15. > :42:22.illness will one day become just like any other field of medicine.
:42:22. > :42:26.What I would foresee is over the next generation, we will move to
:42:26. > :42:32.situations where psychiatry is much more like cardiology, or other
:42:32. > :42:42.medical specialties, where we have a range of tests, imaging tests of
:42:42. > :42:42.
:42:42. > :42:47.the way the brain functions, blood tests to know suseptible factors,
:42:47. > :42:53.that will help us be direct today the diagnosis and to know more
:42:53. > :43:00.accurately how to help people. for Twink, that's the real promise
:43:00. > :43:04.of this revolution. 3,000 people this week will attempt suicide, not
:43:04. > :43:08.all are bipolar sufferers, but a large proportion of them will have
:43:08. > :43:18.some mental ill-health. If we can do something about that, then, we
:43:18. > :43:20.
:43:20. > :43:26.can save lives. It is as black and white as that. Scientists aren't
:43:26. > :43:29.saying that knowing what and where it is happening in the brain will
:43:29. > :43:32.cure all mental illness. But with these tools, science is
:43:32. > :43:41.transforming our approach. For many people that will be the difference
:43:41. > :43:48.between life and death. Before we go, Michael Jackson's
:43:49. > :43:54.doctor, Conrad Murray, has been found guilty of causing the
:43:54. > :44:02.singer's death. Jackson died in June 200, following a fatal
:44:02. > :44:06.overdose of a powerful sedative. Can you bring us up to speed?
:44:06. > :44:09.fans, the die hard Michael Jackson fans gathering outside here every
:44:10. > :44:15.day for six weeks, and screamed with tears when the verdict was
:44:15. > :44:19.announced, will not know what to do with themselves, over the next few
:44:19. > :44:23.weeks, when Conrad Murray will be sentenced, up to four years in
:44:23. > :44:27.prison for the involuntary manslaughter of Michael Jackson.
:44:27. > :44:30.The jury took less than a day-and- a-half to convict after hundreds of
:44:30. > :44:35.pieces of evidence and witnesses they had heard from. They made the
:44:35. > :44:42.decision pretty quickly, that is that Conrad Murray was responsible
:44:42. > :44:47.for Michael Jackson's death, he provided the strong anaesthetic
:44:47. > :44:51.drug that killed Michael Jackson, he didn't give him the care. He was
:44:51. > :44:55.out of the room when Michael Jackson stopped breathing. There
:44:55. > :44:58.was criticism that he didn't react properly, he didn't call the
:44:58. > :45:02.emergency service for up to 20 minutes. There were many things he
:45:02. > :45:07.did that the prosecution picked holes in and said this was not just
:45:07. > :45:17.unprofessional and unethical, but criminal negligence. And the jury,
:45:17. > :45:56.
:45:56. > :46:01.pretty quickly, decided they agreed. That's all tonight. Rugby fans will
:46:01. > :46:05.miss a treat this winter, the Ireland captain, Patrick O'Driscoll
:46:05. > :46:09.will miss the Six Nations championship, - Brian O'Driscoll
:46:10. > :46:19.will miss the Six Nations championship because of a trapped
:46:20. > :46:43.
:46:43. > :46:45.Good evening. After a chilly start to the night in Scotland and
:46:45. > :46:49.Northern Ireland. Increasing cloud will bring a lift in temperatures
:46:49. > :46:54.into the morning. A much greyer day to come compared with Monday.
:46:54. > :46:58.England and Wales essentially as you were, grey, gloomy skies
:46:58. > :47:03.overhead, producing rain and drizzle over time. Miss and hill
:47:03. > :47:07.fog over time. Winds light easterly. The rain will come and go. Heavier
:47:07. > :47:10.showers before the day is through, across the far south-east corner,
:47:10. > :47:13.particularly around the coast. At the same time we will see
:47:14. > :47:17.brightness pushing into the Isles of Scilly and western Cornwall and
:47:17. > :47:21.western fringes of Wales, brightening up a touch. Most of you
:47:21. > :47:26.will stick with the grey skies overhead. Still damp in one or two
:47:26. > :47:30.spots. Temperatures largely 11 degrees. A grey day in Northern
:47:30. > :47:34.Ireland, the breeze pick up before the day is out. Across southern
:47:34. > :47:40.Scotland much cloudier, western areas a hint of brightness, the
:47:40. > :47:50.best across the hebties, it could get to 16 in - Hebrides, it could
:47:50. > :48:00.