:00:12. > :00:16.He said he was willing to do whatever it takes to save the euro,
:00:16. > :00:23.but not just yet. The President of the European Central Bank's words
:00:23. > :00:27.can make markets leap and crash. While Mr Draghi was speaking, the
:00:27. > :00:30.Spanish stock market lost 5% of its value, and the interest rates that
:00:30. > :00:33.Spain and Italy have to pay on debts spiked up.
:00:33. > :00:41.Another great day for British cycling, Chris Hoy gets his fifth
:00:41. > :00:45.gold medal and sets a new world record. Kofi Annan quits his role
:00:45. > :00:52.as Syria mediator, frustrated by his lack of progress. At a time
:00:52. > :00:56.when we need, when the Syrian people desperately need action,
:00:56. > :00:59.there continues to be finger pointing and name calling in the
:00:59. > :01:06.Security Council. Thousands are fleeing Syria, but neighbouring
:01:06. > :01:14.countries can no longer cope. Doucet does reports from -- Lyse
:01:14. > :01:23.Doucet reports from a struggling border. Black and ethnic minority
:01:24. > :01:29.groups could hold the keys to Downing Street. I have been told to
:01:29. > :01:34.vote Labour all my life, to have another man from another party in
:01:34. > :01:37.my room is like the police force. If it wasn't so serious it would be
:01:37. > :01:44.quite funny, Mario Draghi, head of the European Central Bank, spoke
:01:44. > :01:47.today of his plans to save Spain and Italy. With comedy timing,
:01:47. > :01:51.their Stock Exchanges simultaneously took a dive as he
:01:51. > :01:56.talked, the Spanish market losing 5% of its value during his press
:01:56. > :02:01.conference. A week after promising to do "whatever it takes", the ECB
:02:01. > :02:08.chief seems to have quietly added the world, "not just yet", has he
:02:08. > :02:11.set out a Road Map for the out As the crisis swirls, Mario Draghi
:02:11. > :02:16.has become, inadvertantly, the most powerful man in the world. He has
:02:16. > :02:21.the power to save the euro, or let it sink. And last week he said,
:02:21. > :02:31.watch this, I'm about to do something really big. Today, he
:02:31. > :02:34.started with big talk. Related to fears of the stability of the euro
:02:34. > :02:41.are unacceptable, and need to be addressed in a fundamental manner.
:02:41. > :02:46.The euro is irreversible. But, then, Mario Draghi boldy went where, well,
:02:46. > :02:51.every other European policy maker has already gone, round in circles.
:02:51. > :02:56.The governing council may consider undertaking further, non-standard,
:02:56. > :03:03.monetary policy measures, according to what is required to repair
:03:03. > :03:09.monetary policy transmission. Over the coming weeks, we will design
:03:09. > :03:13.the appropriate modalities for such policy measures. Brief translation,
:03:13. > :03:17.nothing happening. Mario Draghi couldn't have been clearer, the ECB,
:03:17. > :03:21.he said, will save the euro, by going to the markets and buying up
:03:21. > :03:26.the bonds of Italy and Spain. But, only when those two countries
:03:26. > :03:31.accept a massive bail out, and the austerity that goes with it. The
:03:31. > :03:34.markets are wrong, he said, to doubt the survival of the euro, and
:03:34. > :03:40.this is what the markets thought of that.
:03:40. > :03:44.The euro plunged, the Italian stock market also plunged, and Spain's
:03:44. > :03:48.cost of borrowing spiked. I think the ECB is now essentially saying
:03:48. > :03:51.wait five weeks until the next ECB meeting, and we will have developed
:03:51. > :03:55.plans further by then. I'm not sure if the markets will wait five weeks,
:03:55. > :03:59.when they are in a pattern of crises in the eurozone kicking off
:03:59. > :04:04.in the August time. I can easily see Spanish yields under pressure
:04:04. > :04:06.for the next few week, Italian yields under pressure. Meanwhile
:04:06. > :04:10.the Italian and Spanish economies are starting to contract, they are
:04:10. > :04:15.in recession. The longer the ECB takes to deal with this, the longer
:04:15. > :04:18.the pain goes on in southern Europe. Not just southern Europe. Draghi
:04:19. > :04:21.confirmed what the market surveys have already signalled, the entire
:04:21. > :04:26.eurozone economy is in trouble. This graph, just one of many
:04:26. > :04:32.signals a slowdown in the autumn, and beneath the surface, the very
:04:32. > :04:41.fabric of the eurozone is under strain. Just 20% of loans in Europe
:04:41. > :04:46.use cross-border collateral now, compared with 50% years -- six
:04:46. > :04:50.years ago. Across the eurozone, is a huge
:04:50. > :04:55.level of Government indebtedness, combined with extremely slow growth.
:04:55. > :04:59.Whilst r whilst the countries within the periphery remain within
:04:59. > :05:03.the euro, there is no prospect of these countries growing their way
:05:03. > :05:07.out of the debt problem. There are huge fiscal head winds to come,
:05:07. > :05:12.with ageing populations and so on. I think the markets are correctly
:05:12. > :05:17.pricing the credit risk in the periphery of the eurozone, I think
:05:17. > :05:22.they are underestimating risk in other countries. All eyes now are
:05:22. > :05:30.on Spain, already simmering with protests and political rouse. It is
:05:30. > :05:33.just pledging to make 65 billion euros worth of tax rises and cuts.
:05:33. > :05:39.Draghi effectively told them to take a much bigger bail out for the
:05:39. > :05:43.entire economy. The implication of that, more cuts, and more protests.
:05:43. > :05:50.So the prime ministers of Italy and Spain met today and plerpblged,
:05:50. > :05:53.well, about the same -- pledged the same as Mr Draghi, to think about
:05:53. > :05:57.stuff. There is no sign they are about to seek a bail out. The
:05:57. > :06:00.European Central Bank has always been the key to saving the euro, it
:06:00. > :06:04.can unleash bail outs en massive scale, outstripping what the
:06:04. > :06:07.Governments and the IMF can do, because it can print money and just
:06:07. > :06:15.lend it. The problem has always been Germany, and today it was
:06:15. > :06:19.still gerl. -- Germany. This man is Germany's representative at the ECB.
:06:19. > :06:22.He was the only one, today, not to vote for action. There wasn't
:06:22. > :06:26.really much action. The stakes are huge, we have already seen bail
:06:26. > :06:31.outs in Greece, we have seen bail outs in Portugal, in Ireland, but
:06:31. > :06:34.all of those countries are small fry compared to Spain or Italy.
:06:34. > :06:37.These are two huge economies, they have banking sectors, particularly
:06:37. > :06:43.in Spain, which are in trouble. We have rising unemployment and the
:06:43. > :06:48.potential for a really nasty crash in the eurozone, far worse than
:06:48. > :06:52.anything we have seen so far. next? It is a giant game of chicken,
:06:52. > :06:56.if Draghi can get the measures promised and force a massive bail
:06:56. > :06:59.out and keep Greece from going bust, the euro is saved, if not, it is
:06:59. > :07:03.not. Paul's here for bait more on that
:07:03. > :07:07.giant game of chicken. This time last week, Paul, a lot of people
:07:07. > :07:11.getting very excited by the words "we will do whatever it takes". He
:07:11. > :07:16.meant without any action? He said, "we will do whatever it takes,
:07:16. > :07:21.believe me, it will be enough". What he should have probably said
:07:21. > :07:25.was, "hang on lads, I've got a great idea", that famous line from
:07:25. > :07:29.the Italian Job. It is a great idea what he has done today is to spell
:07:29. > :07:35.it out. Since October, the European Union and the euro zone have been
:07:35. > :07:39.trapped between almost two types of solution. One solution is, you
:07:39. > :07:42.unleash about 500 billion worth of bail out from the IMF and European
:07:42. > :07:47.states, and you save Europe that way. The other way, always
:07:47. > :07:53.preferred, the ECB has money on tap, it can just do it. Its future money,
:07:53. > :07:58.it is not taken from treasures now. I think what drag -- treasuries now.
:07:58. > :08:02.Draghi pulled the debate firmly back to how the ECB could be the
:08:02. > :08:06.ultimate solution. And it is Italy and Spain take a bail out, take a
:08:06. > :08:10.lot more austerity, then they get money from the bail out fund, and
:08:10. > :08:13.then the taps are turned on T would work, if, of course, the markets
:08:13. > :08:18.don't crash the entire thing between now and when they get round
:08:18. > :08:22.to designing it. Is the sequencing enough to take us through the
:08:22. > :08:29.summer. Can it stave off disaster until October? The eurocrisis does
:08:29. > :08:33.have a remarkable ability to go quiet at the exact moment of the
:08:33. > :08:37.European Mediterranean yachting season. It did it last year, and it
:08:37. > :08:40.probably will do again. We were only talking, this is a big game of
:08:40. > :08:44.chicken between states and markets. If the states, I would put my money
:08:44. > :08:48.on the IMF, the EU, the eurozone, actually doing this, and the
:08:48. > :08:52.markets losing money, who are betting on a clop. If it were only
:08:52. > :08:55.the case of the two -- collapse. If it were the case of only two in the
:08:55. > :09:00.game. There is a third set of people in the game, the European
:09:00. > :09:04.people. Every week that goes by, it is dawning on the Spanish and
:09:04. > :09:08.Italian people, that they will get the Greek treatment. Those of us
:09:08. > :09:12.who know the politics and social demo graphy of those countries, are
:09:12. > :09:16.pretty unconvinced nel go through what Greece did -- they will go
:09:16. > :09:21.through what Greece did, without some earlier political battles.
:09:21. > :09:25.They got Greece wrong? They already know they got Greece wrong, they
:09:25. > :09:28.are not doing it to Spain, they are letting Spain set the terms of the
:09:28. > :09:37.bail out. Greece is weeks away from the final renegotiation before they
:09:37. > :09:42.give up the ghost on that country. Between 3.30 and around 3.37
:09:42. > :09:46.Britain suddenly went bonkers. Team GB claimed a gold in canoeing, a
:09:46. > :09:50.silver in canoeing, a gold in shooting and silver in Judo. It was
:09:50. > :09:55.later matched with the cyclist Chris Hoy breaking a world record
:09:55. > :10:00.and claiming his memorable fifth gold medal. The disappointment lay
:10:00. > :10:10.with the women's cycling duo, with Victoria Pendleton, they were
:10:10. > :10:23.
:10:23. > :10:28.denied a medal with a takeover They say the Olympics shouldn't be
:10:28. > :10:32.about medals. That's df infinitely true when you start the day a --
:10:32. > :10:37.that's definitely true when you Stuart the day in 11th in the medal
:10:37. > :10:40.table. Suddenly we started to move up. Suddenly a close silver in the
:10:40. > :10:48.canoeing had the whole Newsnight office screaming.
:10:48. > :10:54.There was gold and silver in the canoe slam lem. -- slalom. Then our
:10:54. > :11:00.first Judo medal in 12 years. All right, so we might not be talking
:11:00. > :11:04.about the 100m final here. But a gold is a gold. Just ask Pete
:11:04. > :11:09.Wilson in the double trap shooting. You are an Olympic gold medallist?
:11:09. > :11:14.I am, that is weird to say. That I'm an Olympic gold medallist. Dad!
:11:14. > :11:17.It didn't all go our way, Britain's women broke the world record but
:11:17. > :11:22.were punished for an early changover, and lost out on the
:11:22. > :11:25.chance of a medal. It is one of those things, really. Now and again
:11:25. > :11:30.rubbish things happen, and this is one of those days.
:11:30. > :11:34.Even more pressure, then, on Sir Chris Hoy and his team-mates. But
:11:34. > :11:44.they delivered. A world record and a gold to take Britain up to fifth
:11:44. > :11:44.
:11:44. > :11:51.in the medal table. With me now the cycling legend and
:11:51. > :11:56.1992 Olympic gold medallists Chris Boardman. Talk us through it, why
:11:56. > :12:01.are we so good at cycling, it started with your era, 1992? It did,
:12:01. > :12:05.the real changing bouyant was lottery funding, lot hery funding
:12:05. > :12:11.and talent. There was a gold medal in 2000, the lottery funding came
:12:11. > :12:13.on stream. What we were doing back in the 1990s was able to expand.
:12:13. > :12:18.What happens is you have one individual who gets a gold medal,
:12:18. > :12:22.the others who train with them say that is a bridgeable gap, and that
:12:22. > :12:28.spreads out and a whole system of built from there. It has slowly
:12:28. > :12:34.spread out across discipline. important is the money in terms of,
:12:34. > :12:39.it came to cycling, it could have gone somewhere else? It has made a
:12:39. > :12:43.big difference. Cycling is a venue sport, everything is built around
:12:43. > :12:47.the velodrome in Manchester. Road cycling is well supported, there is
:12:47. > :12:52.millions in that. Track cycling isn't, the finances made a huge
:12:52. > :12:56.difference. Lizzie Armistead, when she claimed that brilliant silver
:12:56. > :13:00.medal, made the point quickly that women had felt left out or second
:13:00. > :13:03.rate in a lot of sports. Is that something you recognise? There is a
:13:03. > :13:09.ways to go at the moment, certainly in the Olympic sport, there was a
:13:09. > :13:12.disparity in the amount of the events of the Olympic events. They
:13:12. > :13:15.have equal events now. On the professional side it is still very
:13:15. > :13:21.different, there is still differences in the Olympic events
:13:21. > :13:27.in distance, the women might ride a 500m timetable, the men a kilometer,
:13:27. > :13:32.why the difference? There is still a way to go. If you look at the duo
:13:32. > :13:37.today, the British response, rubbish days happen. That is an
:13:37. > :13:41.absolutely guting moment for the duo there. But something, I guess,
:13:41. > :13:44.every athlete comes very close to? When you are pushing it to the
:13:44. > :13:48.limit, sometimes you cross that particular threshold, that happened
:13:48. > :13:53.today. They just mistimed the takeover? It is a bit like changing
:13:53. > :13:57.over a baton, you changover outside the zone that is the end. To push
:13:57. > :13:59.the limits you have to be right on the edge, pushing it to the edge of
:13:59. > :14:02.the zone. That is what happened today. They got the call wrong. It
:14:02. > :14:06.is so tragic, particularly for Jessica Varnish, this was her
:14:06. > :14:10.Olympic shot at a medal, four years of work she had put into it for one
:14:10. > :14:15.lap of the track. That was it. So close, world record time, they were
:14:15. > :14:20.really on track for it. That is the way it works. Chris, a lot of the
:14:20. > :14:25.Olympic sports are things that we admire, we look at, but we know we
:14:25. > :14:29.will not attempt. You will not pick up a javelin or go canoeing every
:14:30. > :14:36.weekend, cycling is something very close to the British character. Do
:14:36. > :14:40.you think that, you know, we are embracing that because we see it in
:14:40. > :14:43.ourselves. Is that because everyone's on the road now? It is a
:14:43. > :14:49.wonderfully accessible tool for transport. It is something you can
:14:49. > :14:54.do from 8-089, and either side of that. Unlike running you can free-
:14:54. > :14:58.wheel and shoos your speed. It is massively accessible, I hope it is
:14:58. > :15:03.a massive advert for the sport, and it will ripple out and we will see
:15:03. > :15:08.it as a tool for transport. The implications of success here could
:15:08. > :15:13.be huge. In overturning the way our cities are run. Bradley Wiggins
:15:13. > :15:17.made the point, after the tragic death of the cyclist in London,
:15:18. > :15:23.that he felt helmets, not speaking directly about the young man who
:15:23. > :15:25.died, that helmets should be enforcible by law. I'm not sure
:15:25. > :15:29.about that, statistics don't necessarily support it either. It
:15:29. > :15:33.is a tool for transport, and helmets are a tool that are used
:15:33. > :15:37.when required. I think really the question is why do we need helmets
:15:37. > :15:41.now and we didn't hen years ago. I -- ten years ago. They can distract
:15:41. > :15:44.from the real argument, which is why don't we make an environment
:15:44. > :15:47.that lets this activities take place. It so was so many problems
:15:47. > :15:53.with pollution, health and congestion, why don't we invest in
:15:53. > :15:57.it. What is that, you have a Mayor of London a keen cyclist, throwing
:15:57. > :16:01.money at it with the Boris bikes? There is a finite amount of road
:16:01. > :16:03.space, we are at a juncture now where you have to make a choice,
:16:03. > :16:06.that is politically difficult, somebody has to pavement at the
:16:06. > :16:09.moment road design is very much, for a cyclist, is get the cyclist
:16:09. > :16:13.out of the way of the car safely, rather than let's move the car out
:16:13. > :16:17.of the way of the cyclist. That is a big call for a politician to make.
:16:17. > :16:21.You don't think anyone will do that? I think things like we are
:16:21. > :16:24.seeing right now in the Olympics is the focus on this sport, along with
:16:24. > :16:27.the upswell, the amount of people cycling in London, in what is, let
:16:27. > :16:35.as say a challenging environment, now is a good time to make a call
:16:36. > :16:41.like that. Thank you. With ill- concealed frustration, Kofi Annan
:16:41. > :16:44.announced he would quit his post as mediator to Syria at the end of the
:16:44. > :16:47.month. Speaking of the name-calling and finger-pointing within the
:16:47. > :16:51.United Nations Security Council. The former head of the UN was
:16:51. > :16:54.scathing in his criticism of world powers to stop the escalating
:16:54. > :16:58.violence. As fight anything Syria intensifies, thousands are fleeing
:16:58. > :17:01.to neighbouring countries, Jordan has seen nearly 40,000 refugees
:17:01. > :17:10.cross its border and decided this to take action.
:17:10. > :17:14.Lyse Doucet is there for us now. The Kofi Annan peace process has
:17:14. > :17:18.added new pessimism right across the region, ever since he took on
:17:18. > :17:21.what he called a "difficult" assignment. Many across the region
:17:22. > :17:25.said it simply wouldn't work. There is a truism across the region as
:17:25. > :17:29.well, no matter how much trouble his plan was in, there was no Plan
:17:29. > :17:35.B, there was simply no other plan. Now that there is no Kofi Annan as
:17:35. > :17:38.mediator, it means, not only is his plan in trouble, but Syria is in
:17:38. > :17:42.greater trouble, and all that is left is the violence. The violence
:17:42. > :17:45.is growing, which means not only is there a crisis inside Syria, there
:17:45. > :17:52.is a growing crisis on all of its borders, underlining, yet again,
:17:53. > :17:58.that this conflict has the capacity to reek havoc ayes cross the region.
:17:58. > :18:04.The most runnable -- across the nation. The most vulnerable is the
:18:04. > :18:08.tiny poor kingdom of Jordan. It has always been battered by neighbours'
:18:08. > :18:12.crises, and always taken in waves of refugees. In recent weeks, as
:18:12. > :18:15.the number of Syrians crossing into Jordan reached 2,000, the
:18:15. > :18:20.Government decided it had to take action.
:18:20. > :18:27.After months of living in war, moments of peace and quiet in this
:18:27. > :18:32.transit camp in Jordan. But kink Abdullah Park isn't the kind of
:18:32. > :18:38.place where children normal low play. The Syrians here are still
:18:38. > :18:41.scared, most don't want their faces shown. Ahmed was studying English
:18:42. > :18:45.literature until the fighting was too much toe bear. Even the
:18:45. > :18:54.fighting on the way out was dangerous. It was so dangerous, it
:18:54. > :18:59.was seven miles walking. We can't make any sound on the road. Because
:18:59. > :19:05.the regime army, if they discovered that we are snaking to Jordan, he
:19:05. > :19:12.will kill us. Do you feel safe in Jordan? Safe,
:19:12. > :19:17.yes, but comfort, no. There is a different struggle now.
:19:17. > :19:22.Hand-outs are stressful. Even if everyone is getting enough water
:19:22. > :19:28.and food, but this camp was set up for 800 people, 8,000 have come
:19:28. > :19:31.here. Forcing Jordan to re-think its response. Syrians had been
:19:31. > :19:38.allowed to leave these temporary centres to stay with relatives or
:19:39. > :19:43.friend. Not any more. Security forces guard all the exits. Jordan
:19:43. > :19:50.is also shutting other transit camps. Months ago, when dozens
:19:50. > :19:54.crossed the border daily, this facility could handle the influx.
:19:54. > :19:58.It looks like the Syrians who lived here had to leave in a hurry. They
:19:58. > :20:04.probably did. The authorities in Jordan are struggling to keep pace
:20:04. > :20:07.with the intensity of the Syrian crisis. These were meant to be
:20:07. > :20:11.temporary transit camp, but they became so overcrowded, the
:20:11. > :20:16.Jordanians have had to find other places for the Syrians to stay.
:20:16. > :20:22.This is where they are being moved. A tented city in the desert, about
:20:22. > :20:28.15 miles from the Syrian border. It is big enough, eventually, to give
:20:28. > :20:33.refuge, to 100,000 Syrians. The UN raced to put up tents in this first
:20:33. > :20:41.official camp, mark Agnew phase, and sending a message, -- marking a
:20:41. > :20:47.new phase, and sending a message. There is a strain on the economy,
:20:47. > :20:52.it is taking its toll on our education, health, energy and water.
:20:52. > :20:58.We have had to play the balance, first to shoulder our response
:20:58. > :21:02.toblgts Syrian brothers, and on -- to our Syrian brothers, and on the
:21:02. > :21:08.other hand our people. Most of the strain is crossings across from
:21:08. > :21:11.Syria, on a border like this, exports have all but stop. It is
:21:11. > :21:19.only brave traders bringing in produce. This small kingdom has
:21:19. > :21:22.always been battered by its neighbours' crises, Jordan is under
:21:22. > :21:27.unprecedented pressure, with the king under pressure for reform.
:21:27. > :21:32.Of this the Deputy Prime Minister under the Iraq crisis a decade ago.
:21:33. > :21:37.There are two kind of fears, one is a refugee problem that might spill
:21:37. > :21:42.over to Jordan. We have gone through this before in the first
:21:42. > :21:47.and second gulf crises. More importantly, also, are the
:21:47. > :21:51.political reprecussions of the fall of the Syrian regime. Maybe an
:21:51. > :21:55.emboldenment of the opposition, particularly the Brotherhood, and a
:21:55. > :21:59.concern in Jordan this might spill over domestically, as far as the
:21:59. > :22:04.political reform process is concerned. In a region riven with
:22:04. > :22:08.conflict, threats cross frontiers. Jordan is being extra vigilent, it
:22:08. > :22:12.has already detained one Syrian group bringing in weapons.
:22:12. > :22:18.We used to be able to film much closer to the Syrian-Jordanian
:22:19. > :22:21.border. Now the military is so concerned about the possibility of
:22:21. > :22:25.violence spilling across this border, they have pushed us back.
:22:26. > :22:35.Even from here you can see Syria and the military bases just on the
:22:36. > :22:37.
:22:37. > :22:43.other side. Both sides are opening fire almost every day.
:22:43. > :22:48.This six-year-old of the first Syrian child to die in the exodus.
:22:48. > :22:54.Killed by Syrian troops as his family fled. Jordanian soldiers
:22:54. > :23:01.responded with covering fire. I went to visit his mother, in the
:23:01. > :23:04.border down of Ramfah. She and her two boys are living with another
:23:04. > :23:08.Syrian family. They are all too scared to show their faces.
:23:08. > :23:11.TRANSLATION: There were 31 of us, and we reach the area between the
:23:12. > :23:15.Jordanian and Syrian borders, when we got there, suddenly we were
:23:15. > :23:20.fired on, Bilal and I were at the back of the group, suddenly I saw
:23:20. > :23:25.him on the ground. He fell down after the first shot. The drawings
:23:25. > :23:32.of children, living in this house, tell terrible stories of violence
:23:32. > :23:35.they left behind. But Basma, whose family fled months ago, tells me
:23:35. > :23:39.she won't go and live in the tented city.
:23:39. > :23:43.TRANSLATION: I will never live there, I will go back to die under
:23:44. > :23:50.gunfire, rather than living in a tent. It is too dusty there, we
:23:50. > :23:56.will be breathing dust, not air, this is no life, no life at all.
:23:56. > :24:02.Even the UN admits no-one would choose to live here. Many refugees
:24:02. > :24:06.we met in transit centres are refusing to move in. Syrians are
:24:06. > :24:11.still welcome, but this country realises their visitors could be
:24:11. > :24:17.here for years. So Jordan now says, Jordan must
:24:18. > :24:23.come first. Jordan's response there clearly
:24:23. > :24:29.accepting that this is going to be a long-term problem, and Kofi
:24:29. > :24:32.Annan's move today suggesting he doesn't have a solution? Indeed.
:24:32. > :24:36.And if Kofi Annan doesn't have a solution, who does? In his
:24:36. > :24:40.statement to the Security Council he talked about an intransigent
:24:40. > :24:44.Syrian Government, a violent opposition increasing, and a
:24:44. > :24:48.Security Council that was in disarray. Now he has a checkered
:24:48. > :24:52.and controversial history as a senior UN official, but Kofi Annan
:24:52. > :24:56.has been known as a very patient, soft-spoken mediator. A man who
:24:56. > :25:00.could go to every capital, from Washington to Tehran, from Beijing
:25:00. > :25:04.to Moscow, the doors were open to him. He also brought together a
:25:04. > :25:07.very good team of people inside and outside the UN system, that he had
:25:07. > :25:11.had worked for. I spent time with them on the ground in Damascus. Not
:25:11. > :25:13.only were they trying to work at the top, to achieve what did seem
:25:13. > :25:18.impossible, to bring the opposition and the Government, the divided
:25:18. > :25:22.opposition and the Government to the same table. But also they were
:25:22. > :25:25.working town-by-town, city-by-city, forensically, to try to achieve
:25:26. > :25:31.local ceasefires, to see if they could bring peace from the bottom
:25:31. > :25:35.up. When General Mood who left at the head of these observers
:25:35. > :25:39.recently, who said it was only a matter of time before the Assad
:25:39. > :25:45.regime would fall. You knew something was about to change with
:25:45. > :25:48.the Annan team. As he said, to pursue his sacred duty to pursue
:25:48. > :25:53.peace, it is another to be a midwife to a violent end of a
:25:53. > :25:57.conflict. Baroness Amos, the UN's spokes
:25:57. > :26:01.wofpl on humanitarian affairs -- spokeswoman on humanitarian affairs,
:26:01. > :26:08.told me she wasn't surprised by Kofi Annan's departure, asked was
:26:08. > :26:12.it an admission that he couldn't get the job done? I'm sure he was
:26:12. > :26:16.hugely frustrated. Mediation is a very difficult thing to do. We have
:26:16. > :26:20.seen an international community not united on Syria. This makes it
:26:20. > :26:24.extraordinarily difficult to get to a point where the kinds of
:26:24. > :26:29.political things that we need to see, to make sure we have a
:26:29. > :26:35.ceasefire, and then to have some kind of process, that ends with the
:26:35. > :26:39.will of the Syrian people, this is a process that is lengthy and you
:26:39. > :26:43.need a united international community to make it happen. He has
:26:43. > :26:46.talked about the finger-pointing and the name-calling and the fact
:26:46. > :26:52.he didn't receive the support the cause deserved, and the fact that
:26:52. > :26:56.the international community of not united. I mean, that sounds like
:26:56. > :27:02.defeat? I don't think it is defeat, I think it is an admission that he
:27:02. > :27:07.has got as far as he can. He was very clear today, that perhaps,
:27:07. > :27:10.having someone else, might help the process. Sometimes that happens. He
:27:11. > :27:15.talked about the possibility of someone else being able to unite
:27:15. > :27:20.those in the region, and unite the broader international community.
:27:20. > :27:23.Who would that be in your mind? That's not for me to say, as I said,
:27:23. > :27:29.the Secretary of State general of the United Nations, with the
:27:29. > :27:34.secretary-general of league of Arab states, will come up with names and
:27:34. > :27:41.talk to people and come up with the right person to take this on.
:27:41. > :27:45.you empathise with the he expression today, you visited Syria,
:27:45. > :27:49.you were not made welcome, where does that leave your next trip?
:27:49. > :27:52.Actually, I'm talking to -- I'm talking to the Syrian authorities
:27:52. > :27:57.now about making another trip as soon as possible. My concerns have
:27:57. > :28:01.always been about the people caught up in this violence. You have
:28:02. > :28:06.called, very clearly, for a humanitarian corridor, you won't
:28:06. > :28:09.get that without a resolution from the Security Council? I haven't, in
:28:09. > :28:15.fact, called for a humanitarian corridor, I have expressed my
:28:15. > :28:18.concerns that those who are calling for a humanitarian corridor, or a
:28:18. > :28:23.safe zone, do not appreciate that if you are going to call for that,
:28:23. > :28:28.you have to be able to make them secure. I think the most important
:28:28. > :28:32.thing now, given that we have not got a ceasefire, is that we need
:28:32. > :28:36.some kind of humanitarian pause, for those who are affect the by
:28:37. > :28:41.this violence, who are not able to get out, who are caught up, perhaps
:28:41. > :28:46.can't get access to medical supplies, can't get access to food.
:28:46. > :28:49.We need a humanitarian pause. does that mean? It means a top in
:28:49. > :28:55.the fighting. Both side agree to stop the fighting for a period of
:28:55. > :29:00.time, so that, for example, the ICRC, the Syrian Arab Red Crescent
:29:00. > :29:03.and others can go on. We have seen those calls for ceasefire for the
:29:04. > :29:07.last two months, call it a pause or a ceasefire, it clearly doesn't
:29:07. > :29:11.work, we are seeing a country ravaged by civil war now?
:29:11. > :29:17.doesn't mean that you cannot continue to try to hold all sides
:29:17. > :29:21.to account. You have Government, you have an opposition, who have to
:29:21. > :29:27.appreciate and understand that the action that they are taking is
:29:27. > :29:29.having a serious impact on ordinary men, women and children. The bottom
:29:30. > :29:32.line is, without the Security Council, what you are saying now is
:29:32. > :29:37.we can't do it with the Security Council, we have to find ways
:29:37. > :29:41.without them? First of all, a ceasefire was called for in the
:29:41. > :29:46.six-point plan, Kofi Annan's six- point plan, it has not happened. In
:29:46. > :29:49.the absence of a permanent ceasefire, we have to have some
:29:49. > :29:53.kind of humanitarian pause, because of what is happening to ordinary
:29:53. > :29:57.people on the ground. And this is now a long-term problem that needs
:29:57. > :30:01.a long-term solution. How long do you think this will go on for?
:30:01. > :30:05.has been going on for more than a year. We know that these kinds of
:30:05. > :30:11.situations, where you have civil conflict, where you have this kind
:30:11. > :30:13.of internal war, can go on for a very, very long time. What would be
:30:13. > :30:20.your estimate? I don't have an estimate. The dialogue and
:30:20. > :30:22.discussion has to continue. We have to continue to try to get a
:30:22. > :30:28.diplomatic solution. The United Nations was created because we
:30:28. > :30:32.wanted to put a stop to violence and conflict. We have to continue
:30:32. > :30:37.to press the diplomatic channels to try to make them work. Thank you
:30:37. > :30:41.very much. What would it take for the Tories
:30:41. > :30:45.to win a majority at the next election. Could it be the votes of
:30:45. > :30:49.black and ethnic minority voters. At the 2010 general election, only
:30:49. > :30:54.16% voted for the Conservatives, more than two thirds voted Labour.
:30:54. > :30:58.Conservative Party reverge has suggested these -- research has
:30:59. > :31:04.suggested these voters are well represented in target seats, but
:31:04. > :31:12.can they be wonover? We have been trying to find out.
:31:12. > :31:17.This is Sam, he's an MP, a Conservative MP. This is James,
:31:17. > :31:22.he's a champion, and he's not a Tory.
:31:22. > :31:26.Sam thinks James could be a Tory, he just don't know it yet. James
:31:26. > :31:30.disagrees. This is Hackney, and you are trying
:31:30. > :31:35.to change me. We brought the Prime Minister's
:31:35. > :31:38.adviser on ethnic minorities to a boxing ring, no ordinary boxing
:31:38. > :31:41.ring, it is the one Mr and Mrs Cameron visited during the election,
:31:41. > :31:47.and pledged fundraising help. They haven't visited since. It might be
:31:47. > :31:54.a problem. He tricked me. Come on. I'm not
:31:54. > :31:57.having any of you guys tricking me again. Sam Gyimah turned up here,
:31:57. > :32:02.and before Newsnight knew it, he was in borrowed kit, it was meant
:32:02. > :32:07.to be a fact-finding mission, not a punch-up, but Gyimahh was quickly
:32:07. > :32:11.presented with the problem, for many their vote is an historical
:32:11. > :32:19.allegiance. Coming to London, the first thing my mum said, is vote
:32:19. > :32:24.Labour. Now I have a Conservative in front of me. How can we get you
:32:24. > :32:28.to vote Conservative? In 2010 the Prime Minister and his
:32:28. > :32:32.wife visited this boxing club. But in that election the Tories didn't
:32:32. > :32:35.win this seat, in fact, the Labour candidate got four-times the number
:32:35. > :32:40.of votes. The worry for the Conservatives is that is replicated
:32:40. > :32:44.in seats across inner cities in the UK. This is a two-fold problem, it
:32:44. > :32:47.is a problem if the conditions want to win in the general election, it
:32:47. > :32:53.is also another problem f they want to represent the UK, they need to
:32:53. > :32:57.learn to win in places like this. So concerned were they, the
:32:57. > :33:05.Conservative's former Deputy Chairman, Lord Ashcroft, conducted
:33:05. > :33:15.a 12,000-strong poll. He created broad catagories from the census
:33:15. > :33:44.
:33:44. > :33:47.We have got to pay down the country's debts and reduce the
:33:47. > :33:50.deficit. What we are looking to do is find ways of supporting
:33:50. > :33:55.organisations like this. But it may not come from the Government. As it
:33:55. > :33:58.has in the past. As I said to you...Gyimah Believes that on
:33:58. > :34:01.thrift, education standards, family values, a number of things, his
:34:01. > :34:06.party is the natural party for minorities. The Conservatives just
:34:06. > :34:10.need to sell their wares better. You said earlier, my mum said
:34:10. > :34:15.always vote Labour? What I'm saying, his argument is good, his argument
:34:15. > :34:19.is positive. I like his argument. You know. You are just saying that
:34:19. > :34:25.because he's here in front of me? like his argument, it is up to him.
:34:25. > :34:29.He is the one who brings the arguments. Gyimah is swapping notes
:34:29. > :34:34.with Simon, a British Indian who stood for the Conservatives in this
:34:34. > :34:37.seat the last election. I used to call it my tale of two cities, the
:34:37. > :34:41.southern part of the seats is filled with wine bar, it is close
:34:41. > :34:44.to the city, the northern part of the city is filled with a terrible
:34:44. > :34:48.degree of deprivation. It will almost certainly become a
:34:49. > :34:53.Conservative seat within 25-30 years, possibly sooner. I think the
:34:53. > :34:57.real thing here is connecting with our value. And there are two aspect
:34:57. > :35:02.of that, Conservatives need to make it very clear to people in places
:35:02. > :35:05.like this, what our values are. We also need to get people to
:35:05. > :35:11.recognise that the Conservative Party is not the same old
:35:11. > :35:15.Conservative Party, in other words, modern Britain has got to identify
:35:15. > :35:21.what the Conservative Party is, and that had ath has changed.
:35:21. > :35:27.Up to Birmingham, and a church service to celebrate 50 years of
:35:27. > :35:31.the Jamaican diaspora. Gyimah meets British Joe Aldery, someone who
:35:31. > :35:35.devotes himself to further political engagment. Historically
:35:35. > :35:37.it has been that the British Conservative Party is some what
:35:37. > :35:41.hostile towards black people. That comes through in their immigration
:35:41. > :35:48.policies, it comes through in statements made famous by the like
:35:48. > :35:50.of Enoch Powell. It comes through ...That Is a long time ago? That is
:35:50. > :35:54.the history. That is where it is coming from, people have long
:35:54. > :35:57.memories. A lot of our values are similar. I have been looking at
:35:57. > :36:02.some of the stuff you have been saying around family, parenting,
:36:02. > :36:06.the sense that you can't really outsource parent to go the state.
:36:06. > :36:10.Training a child starts at home, if we want to deal with some of the
:36:10. > :36:13.challenges we have, anti-social behaviour, young people, you know,
:36:13. > :36:18.and moulding them to be the adults we want them to be, all that starts
:36:18. > :36:21.in the home. I would have thought that's pretty Conservative in
:36:21. > :36:25.outlook. You wouldn't necessarily align those values with the modern,
:36:25. > :36:28.present-day Conservative Party, any more than any other party. Would
:36:28. > :36:35.you? I certainly wouldn't, I don't think many of the people within a
:36:35. > :36:38.church like this would. Why not? you look at some of the policies
:36:38. > :36:43.the Conservative Party is now pursuing, around gay marriage, for
:36:43. > :36:49.example, which many people within a church like this would see as not
:36:49. > :36:54.something that is traditionally Tory. Sam, Joe just said he didn't
:36:54. > :36:58.like Cameron's speech about multiculturalism being dead? That
:36:58. > :37:01.specific speech was made at the Munich security conference against
:37:01. > :37:05.a different backdrop. There is a sense that people have to integrate
:37:05. > :37:12.into this country, and the sense of having lots of different cultures
:37:12. > :37:16.that don't integrate isn't right. We probably share that view. A lot
:37:16. > :37:23.of people received that speech about multiculturalism being dead,
:37:23. > :37:29.as a signal of a return to a monocultural Britain. Where
:37:29. > :37:37.minorities must buy into mainstream, lose their distinctiveness.
:37:37. > :37:43.They also didn't like a tweet sent by a Tory MP that the Olympic
:37:43. > :37:49.Opening Ceremony was multicultural crap. The preacher here calls for a
:37:49. > :37:54.bail out for Jamaica. Language not far from Gyimah's party, but in a
:37:54. > :37:57.secular setting. But the barriers remain. Pollsters reveal that one
:37:57. > :38:01.of the specific reason someone weent vote Conservative, is if they
:38:01. > :38:08.are not white. This is one of the reasons why the Conservatives can't
:38:08. > :38:12.form a Government on their own. Lots to discuss there. Sam Gyimah
:38:12. > :38:17.who advises David Cameron on cultural issues. And Sadiq Khan,
:38:17. > :38:21.welcome to you both. Sam let's take you back to the boxing ring, you
:38:21. > :38:26.saw the action of James's glove, he would love to hit a story. That
:38:26. > :38:33.shows us, I think, the scale of the challenge that you face, doesn't
:38:33. > :38:40.it? Yes. It is a big challenge. As bishop Aldery says, memories are
:38:40. > :38:45.long. There are people with deep memories of where the Conservative
:38:45. > :38:47.Party was circa 197 -- 1970, what we need to recognise is the
:38:47. > :38:50.Conservative Party today is different to the Conservative Party
:38:50. > :38:56.of 1970, firstly, so modern Britain needs to recognise that. The
:38:56. > :39:00.Conservative Party needs to make it very clear what the values are. To
:39:00. > :39:04.be able to forge a connection with modern Britain. Certainly what is
:39:04. > :39:08.not the case, which is the assumption of a lot of people, is
:39:08. > :39:16.that some how it is a white, rural party that cannot connect with
:39:16. > :39:21.Britain. A lot of our values. We have been celebrating this week the
:39:21. > :39:27.genius, the creative genius of Danny Boyle. If we look at his life
:39:27. > :39:33.story, not an immigrant story, but not dissimilar, northern class
:39:33. > :39:36.family. Some of us have been celebrating Sadiq Khan's Opening
:39:36. > :39:40.Ceremony, others clearly haven't from your party. What you said,
:39:40. > :39:46.nobody can disagree with, you evidenced your values by your
:39:46. > :39:49.policies. If you look at the last two-and-a-half years, your policies,
:39:49. > :39:56.cutting education maintenance allowance, closing Sure Start,
:39:56. > :40:00.having policies that discriminate proportionally against women a
:40:00. > :40:05.disproportionate of black and ethnic minorities work in the
:40:05. > :40:08.public sector and use its services, the Government has had a
:40:08. > :40:11.disproportionate affect on them. It is OK going to visit these people,
:40:12. > :40:15.but evidence your values by your policies. The number of times I
:40:15. > :40:19.have been in debated with Labour MPs, who proudly say to me, I
:40:19. > :40:24.represent one of the poorest parts of Britain, which has lots of black
:40:24. > :40:28.and ethnic minority people in it. I have to say you were in power for
:40:28. > :40:32.13 years, what happened to those communities when you were in power.
:40:32. > :40:37.That measure, which is about the kind of policies you are
:40:37. > :40:40.introducing, disproportionately affecting the voters you are trying
:40:40. > :40:44.to target? Most ethnic minorities, my parents are immigrant, I have
:40:44. > :40:48.brought up by a single mother, and they would say to you, one of the
:40:48. > :40:57.things they want most for their children is to have a better life
:40:57. > :41:00.than themselves. There is nothing Moraitis important in that context,.
:41:00. > :41:04.You can make people feel good when there is a lot of money to spend
:41:04. > :41:07.around. There isn't. Do you accept the Labour Party also has a problem
:41:07. > :41:12.with complacency, this is something that can be levelled very easily at
:41:12. > :41:15.you? Yes. What are you doing about that? We mustn't be complacent.
:41:15. > :41:19.gave you that line, what are you doing? We mustn't take it for
:41:19. > :41:24.granted that the black and Asian minority vote will come walking to
:41:24. > :41:27.us. It is walk ago I way from you? If you look at George Galloway and
:41:27. > :41:33.Bradford West and how surprised your leader was about that by-
:41:33. > :41:37.election. It was the kick up the back side we needed. We will make
:41:37. > :41:43.sure our party rep the parties and country. We were in Government for
:41:43. > :41:49.13 years, what we sought to do was to provide more ladders for people
:41:49. > :41:53.like Sam's family and mine to prosper. Giving young people good
:41:53. > :41:57.nursery facilities, Sure Start was very important. Iain Duncan Smith
:41:57. > :42:01.thought so, you are closing them down. The Education Maintenance
:42:01. > :42:05.Allowance, keeping people in my constituency, maybe not Sam's, in
:42:05. > :42:08.further education. What your party did before Tony Blair won in 1997,
:42:08. > :42:12.was to pose as someone with Conservative values. The moment
:42:12. > :42:17.they got into power they levelled down rather than up. We have grant-
:42:17. > :42:23.maintained schools. You don't believe that. If we are looking,
:42:23. > :42:27.amongst the diverse communities, at a tranche of religious, religious
:42:27. > :42:32.African, small business owners, who might be Asian. This is very
:42:32. > :42:36.clearly an area where you ought to be appealing to people in your
:42:36. > :42:39.traditional Conservative value, yet your liberal value, things like gay
:42:39. > :42:44.marriage, is a real turn off to a lot of these communities? I think
:42:44. > :42:47.it shouldn't be. One of the things. But it is? One of the clips that
:42:47. > :42:51.wasn't shown in the conversation with Bishop Aldery, is all ethnic
:42:51. > :42:55.minorities have to understand, whatever their religious persuasion,
:42:55. > :43:00.if we want toll reasons and inclusion, you can't say on the one
:43:00. > :43:04.hand, tolerate and include you, but don't tolerate people who are not
:43:04. > :43:07.like us, it cut both ways. It is more important to stick to the
:43:07. > :43:12.policy sis, even if it means isolating the people you wanton
:43:12. > :43:15.board? It is about communicating the policies veryle W one of the
:43:15. > :43:20.policies we don't shout about, our development work. When the
:43:20. > :43:25.Pakistani floods happened, it was British tax-payers. Don't patronise
:43:25. > :43:32.the voters. It is not an b aesthetics. It really isn't -- it
:43:32. > :43:36.is not about as this theics. say our poll -- Aesthetics. You say
:43:36. > :43:40.our policies are alienating people, this is a policy that is supportive
:43:40. > :43:44.of the communities. By you replicating Labour's policy on
:43:44. > :43:49.development is not going to win voters, nor will aesthetics and PR.
:43:49. > :43:53.You have to look at your policies and your party, and ask why is it
:43:53. > :43:59.in 2010, after 13 years of Labour failure, ethnic minorities still
:43:59. > :44:04.reason away from the Conservative Party. I think ethnic minorities
:44:04. > :44:08.have to do is put a price on the vote and not assume Labour is their
:44:08. > :44:18.natural home. Whisking you through tomorrow's papers. The financial
:44:18. > :44:55.
:44:55. > :45:00., that's all from Newsnight, we will be here tomorrow night, with
:45:00. > :45:10.all the news fit to broadcast, from you will of as you tonight, good --
:45:10. > :45:29.
:45:29. > :45:33.all of us tonight, good night. Good evening, mostly daytime
:45:33. > :45:36.showers are easing to leave a dryer night, a dryer start to Friday,
:45:36. > :45:41.showers will get going quickly. Some close to southern coastal
:45:41. > :45:45.counties, and more prolonged showery rain towards the west,
:45:45. > :45:48.working wards and eastwards through the day. Some heavy and thundery,
:45:48. > :45:51.better breaks between the showers across part of central and eastern
:45:51. > :45:54.England, some staying dry. The south-east corner and parts of East
:45:54. > :45:58.Anglia, most likely to see the showers between the morning and
:45:58. > :46:02.early afternoon, in the sunshine, temperatures up to 22 degrees.
:46:02. > :46:06.Expect showers on and off throughout, across the south west
:46:06. > :46:09.of England, merging to longer spells of rain in Wales. Heavy rain
:46:09. > :46:11.wherever you are, gusty around the showers. The wettest spell of
:46:11. > :46:14.weather through Northern Ireland will be through the morning.
:46:14. > :46:18.Brighter into the afternoon. A cluster of showers around, some of
:46:18. > :46:22.those again could be on the thundery side, and the wetter side
:46:22. > :46:26.will be spreading into Scotland. The re- of Scotland, brightening up
:46:26. > :46:29.a touch, a reasonable day, just a few showers to speak of. From
:46:29. > :46:32.Friday into Saturday, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and northern
:46:32. > :46:36.England, the showers will be back and they will be a bit more
:46:36. > :46:39.plentiful supply, as there will be across many parts of England and
:46:39. > :46:42.Wales. Low pressure will take dominance across the UK this
:46:42. > :46:46.weekend, expect showers just about wherever you are, initially across