:00:14. > :00:18.The weeks of exhileration, the weeks of pleasure, and let's be
:00:18. > :00:24.frank, the weeks of pride are over. What, if anything, has changed as a
:00:24. > :00:28.result of the Olympics. Mo Farah for Great Britain, it's gold.
:00:28. > :00:31.this some summertime indulgence on which even the weather seemed to
:00:31. > :00:35.shine, or is it possible the politicians might be right in
:00:35. > :00:42.saying it marked a profound shift in how we think about ourselves, a
:00:42. > :00:47.fling or a transformation? Cleverer minds than most of us certainly see
:00:47. > :00:53.some things have changed. The great success of the Paralympics has
:00:53. > :00:57.shown that disabled athletes are just like any other athletes, and
:00:57. > :01:02.should lead to disabled people being accepted as full members of
:01:02. > :01:08.society. We will have a 13-minute time trial of the effect of the
:01:08. > :01:10.Olympics and Paralympics. Welsh teenagers are to have some of their
:01:10. > :01:15.GCSEs regraded. Why aren't English teenagers entitled to expect the
:01:15. > :01:18.same. And speaking of the Olympics, we
:01:19. > :01:22.know why these people were winners, but can you trust the Business
:01:22. > :01:32.Secretary and his friends to choose which will be the companies that
:01:32. > :01:36.tax-payers should back. There were hundreds of thousands on
:01:36. > :01:39.the streets of London today, cheering on the prosession of
:01:40. > :01:45.vehicles carrying British athletes through the streets of the capital.
:01:45. > :01:48.At the end of the Paralympics. They, thanked the crowd and various
:01:48. > :01:53.politicians turned up, hoping to bask in the reflected glory. David
:01:53. > :01:58.Cameron believes the summer of 2012 will linger in the public
:01:59. > :02:03.imagination like 1966, the year England won the football World Cup.
:02:03. > :02:08.Maybe. Everyone agrees the Olympics were bri brilliantly staged, and to
:02:08. > :02:16.use the devalued word "awesome", then with �9 billion to spend, they
:02:16. > :02:26.ought to have been. Is this talk of legacy and some lasting impact
:02:26. > :02:28.
:02:28. > :02:34.worth paying heed to. Before that we have this.
:02:34. > :02:38.Summer is over, the schools are back, and for the first time in
:02:38. > :02:42.weeks and weeks there isn't someone in red, white and blue trying to
:02:42. > :02:47.win a medal on the tele. This was one last chance to bunk off work
:02:47. > :02:53.and play hooky. Of course there was a lot more to the victory parade
:02:53. > :02:58.than that. For the 800 athletes who took part in it, for the volunteer
:02:58. > :03:05.games makers, and for a great many who turned out to line the route
:03:05. > :03:09.through central London. When Britain won the games, we, or at
:03:09. > :03:13.least the Government, promised to make the country a world leader in
:03:13. > :03:16.sport. To transform the East End of London, and to inspire a generation
:03:16. > :03:21.of young people. They also said they would make the Olympic Park a
:03:21. > :03:27.model for sustainable living, and show that the UK is a creative,
:03:27. > :03:31.inclusive and welcoming place to live, visit and do business.
:03:31. > :03:36.So how has that been going then? Is it true, as some maintain, that
:03:36. > :03:40.this summer of sport marks a sea change in our attitudes. You have
:03:40. > :03:44.noticed the change in people's attitudes over the last summer. Me,
:03:44. > :03:47.personally, I would like to see that continue. Are you nice to
:03:47. > :03:57.other people? I'm always nice to other people. I have been raised to
:03:57. > :04:01.be that way. I like your look, are they from Specsavers? They should!
:04:01. > :04:06.Do you think this is a good turning point in the country? I hope so.
:04:06. > :04:09.People have short memories, don't they? I'm afraid, when I was at the
:04:09. > :04:13.station coming this morning, instead of thanking us, people were
:04:13. > :04:19.clearing their throats, how embarrassing. Some people are
:04:19. > :04:25.talking a bit fancifully about this being a sea change in the country?
:04:25. > :04:31.About time. Is it true? It is up to the media to report positive news.
:04:31. > :04:37.Shoot the message injure? You can report positive -- Messenger?
:04:37. > :04:43.you report positive as well as negative stuff. Within ten minutes
:04:44. > :04:46.you weren't looking at disabled athletes but athletes. That has
:04:46. > :04:50.carried on. You are more aware of people with disabilities, because
:04:50. > :04:56.it is in the press, in a positive way. You glance at someone in a
:04:56. > :05:02.wheel chai, you think, cool. That's a bit weird. The Mayor of London
:05:02. > :05:07.credited the GB athletes with uniting the country. And making the
:05:07. > :05:12.host city a friendlier place. was your achievement. You brought
:05:12. > :05:20.this country together in a way we never expected. You routed the
:05:20. > :05:25.doubters, and you scattered the gloomsters, and the first time in
:05:25. > :05:28.living memory, you made Tube passengers break into spontaneous
:05:28. > :05:37.conversation with their neighbours about subjects other than their
:05:37. > :05:43.trod-on toes. That all seemed to go rather well,
:05:43. > :05:47.didn't it. But will there be a long and lasting legacy? The "L" word. I
:05:47. > :05:57.have been speaking to somebody who has had a very prominent role
:05:57. > :05:59.during this summer of sport. Ever since the dawn of civilisation,
:05:59. > :06:02.people have craved for an understanding of the underlying
:06:02. > :06:07.order of the world. Professor Stephen Hawking was an inspired,
:06:07. > :06:11.and inspirational booking for the opening night of the Paralympics.
:06:11. > :06:18.Newsnight met him on the roof of his office at Cambridge University.
:06:18. > :06:26.As the games were drawing to a close. My more books in the offing?
:06:26. > :06:31.Maybe. Yes. Good. I began by asking him about society's view of people
:06:31. > :06:39.with disabilities, and if the Paralympics had made a difference?
:06:39. > :06:46.Disability used to be regarded as a sign of a curse by God. It was
:06:46. > :06:51.shameful and to be hidden away. This is still the attitude in many
:06:51. > :06:56.countries, but I'm glad to say that in western Europe and America,
:06:56. > :07:05.people have come to realise that the disabled are normal people, who
:07:05. > :07:09.just happen to have certain special difficulties. The great success of
:07:09. > :07:14.the Paralympics, has shown that disabled athletes are just like any
:07:14. > :07:18.other athletes and should lead to disabled people being accepted as
:07:18. > :07:24.full members of society. Do you think this country is becoming
:07:24. > :07:31.better or worse for people with disability to live in? This country
:07:31. > :07:35.is now much better for disabled people than it used to be.
:07:35. > :07:41.Buildings to which the public have access, now have lifts and disabled
:07:41. > :07:45.toilets and the kerb has been lowered in many places. This
:07:45. > :07:51.country is not yet as good for disabled people as the United
:07:51. > :07:55.States, but it is improving. Paralympics has been a rare
:07:55. > :08:00.platform for showing what people with disability can do. And what
:08:00. > :08:08.science and technology can do for them. I believe science should do
:08:08. > :08:14.everything possible to prevent or cure disability. No-one wants to be
:08:14. > :08:19.disabled if it can be avoided. weren't expected to live very long
:08:19. > :08:24.with your condition. Is there one single thing, you think, that has
:08:24. > :08:33.helped you more than anything else to enjoy the life that you have
:08:33. > :08:37.had? I was diagnosed with motor neurone disease at the age of 21.
:08:38. > :08:42.This is a condition for which there is, as yet, no cure, and which
:08:42. > :08:48.usually kills its victim in two or three years. That I'm still alive
:08:48. > :08:56.at the age of 70 is due, in large part, to the excellent care I have
:08:56. > :09:05.received. It has also helped that I have been successful in my
:09:05. > :09:12.scientific career. This has kept me active, and I travel a lot,
:09:12. > :09:20.although I'm almost paralised. I hope my example will give
:09:20. > :09:23.encouragement and hope to others in similar situations, never give up.
:09:24. > :09:27.Let's talk about some of the consequences, or absence of
:09:28. > :09:31.consequences of the Olympics and Paralympics with Jodie Cundy, who
:09:31. > :09:35.first competed in the Paralympic Games in 1996. He has switched
:09:35. > :09:38.sports from swimming to cycling, and secured a bronze last week.
:09:38. > :09:43.Anne Watkinss won an Olympic gold in the women's double skulls rowing,
:09:43. > :09:50.also here is the novelist and gold medal come muj I don't know, Will
:09:50. > :09:54.Self, and the actor and musician Mat Fraser, who you might have seen
:09:54. > :09:57.playing drums with Coldplay in the closing ceremony. Before we talk
:09:58. > :10:02.about Paralympics and disability, the general effect, do you think it
:10:02. > :10:06.has had an effect on us, what effect? It has definitely had an
:10:06. > :10:10.effect. One of the reasons I was beaming from ear-to-ear as I was
:10:10. > :10:15.drumming last night, although it is a great pleasure to play with
:10:15. > :10:19.Coldplay, is I was looking around at 70,000 people cheering it on in
:10:19. > :10:26.this great frothy feeling of he can sub regins that has accumulated
:10:26. > :10:31.over the weeks -- exuburance, that has accumulated over the weeks. It
:10:31. > :10:35.has certainly "normalised" Paralympic sport and brought it up
:10:35. > :10:39.to equal. You used the word "frothy", if it is all just froth,
:10:39. > :10:43.Cameron is talking nonsense when he's talking about lasting legacy.
:10:43. > :10:47.Do you get the sense of some lasting impact of this summer of
:10:47. > :10:50.sport? For the Paralympic side of things, there is a huge lasting
:10:50. > :10:56.legacy for the first time the Paralympics has been in people's
:10:56. > :11:02.front rooms, and you have athletes and disabilities on show. There is
:11:02. > :11:05.so many people who have seen the Paralympics, and can be inspired by
:11:05. > :11:10.what abilities the paralympians have and they have shown the world.
:11:10. > :11:15.You also want to talk about the Paralympics, we might as well start
:11:15. > :11:20.talking about the impact upon how we view disability. There actually
:11:20. > :11:28.is, you are a paralympian, you are an olympian, the difference between
:11:28. > :11:31.the two of you, and me, or Will, is not that you are called disabled
:11:31. > :11:36.and you are not disabled, it is that you are both athletes and we
:11:36. > :11:41.are not. That's the difference isn't it, surely that's it?
:11:41. > :11:47.elite athletes. I like to think of myself as an athlete of sorts, I'm
:11:48. > :11:51.just not an elite athlete. It is a non-trifleian point. I mean it was,
:11:51. > :11:56.you know, great to hear Stephen Hawking speaking, let's be blunt
:11:56. > :12:00.about this, the reason he's still travelling internationally at the
:12:00. > :12:04.age of 70 is because he's the greatest living Theoretical
:12:04. > :12:14.Physicist, if you put that into the balance t seems to me arguably
:12:14. > :12:15.
:12:15. > :12:20.still more profound than the motor neurone disease. The reason he can
:12:20. > :12:23.say that conditions are better in the United States is because he's a
:12:23. > :12:26.socioeconomic position to experience it. If you go to Chicago
:12:26. > :12:29.you see a lot of people with disabilities with no health
:12:29. > :12:35.insurance pushing shopping trolleys. That is a point that unfortunately
:12:35. > :12:41.has to be paid. Picking up on that, also, we are, the three of us,
:12:41. > :12:45.gentlemen, ordinary watchers of sport, and these guys are the
:12:45. > :12:49.superhuman logo tag that you have given them. They are unbelievable
:12:49. > :12:53.gold medal winners. Most disabled people, like most non-disabled
:12:53. > :12:59.people, want to sit at home and watch it on tele. They don't want
:12:59. > :13:05.to go through what you guys have gone through to obtain those levels.
:13:05. > :13:09.If the conversation is has it made Britain a more understanding place
:13:09. > :13:15.of disability? Yeah, as long as we are not all expected kill ourselves
:13:15. > :13:18.getting a gold medal. Do you worry about that? That we now look at
:13:18. > :13:24.disabled paralympians differently, perhaps to the way some people look
:13:24. > :13:27.to them beforehand, but most disabled people aren't
:13:27. > :13:32.paralympians? As a paralympian, that is what we have been striving
:13:32. > :13:36.for, that recognition that we are elite athletes first and foremost.
:13:36. > :13:40.And we do the same job the olympians do and get the same
:13:40. > :13:45.credit for it, we may be missing legs or can't use them, or missing
:13:45. > :13:50.arms. That is just the part of it. Do you think that attitudes to
:13:50. > :13:53.disability have been profoundly and lastingly changed this summer?
:13:53. > :13:59.hope so. How much the Paralympics has been in the public eye, whether
:13:59. > :14:03.in the press, on the TV, it's highlighted disability out to the
:14:03. > :14:08.world. I mean people almost shy away from these things. To have it
:14:08. > :14:12.in your front screen, every night, at prime time, that's a perfect
:14:12. > :14:16.platform for us to show the world, and go out there.
:14:16. > :14:21.Will Self? I think the kind of prime time moment that will stay
:14:21. > :14:25.with me from the Paralympics, along, not that I saw a lot of it. I
:14:25. > :14:28.caught this, was George Osborne being resolutely booed at an
:14:28. > :14:32.awards-giving ceremony. That is because an awful lot of people
:14:32. > :14:37.sitting in the stands are either carers or people who are disabled
:14:37. > :14:41.themselves who understand that one of the corporate sponsors of the
:14:41. > :14:49.Paralympics is the company involved in really quite punitively docking
:14:49. > :14:53.disabled people's allowances at the moment. So there was an enormous
:14:53. > :14:57.mental conflict going on with people there. It's always an
:14:57. > :15:01.invidious comparison to make, and my friends who are disabled
:15:01. > :15:06.activists and my friends from ethnic minorities dislike it, but
:15:06. > :15:12.it needs to be made, if there was a seminal moment in the games in
:15:13. > :15:18.terms of the Black Power movement that was in Mexico in 1968 and made
:15:18. > :15:23.the Black Power slut. Our Osborne moment at the Paralympics -- salute,
:15:23. > :15:31.or Osborne moment at the Paralympics was when Osborne was
:15:31. > :15:36.booed. I think there was a strong understanding that kind of
:15:36. > :15:41.acceptance does not equal disabled people being treated to economic or
:15:41. > :15:49.social justice. I totally agree. Further to that,
:15:49. > :15:52.excuse me, is that the major experience of disability, by most
:15:52. > :15:56.non-disabled people, is through the media. Unless the media start
:15:56. > :15:59.reframing the way that we are represented, and not always it
:15:59. > :16:03.being a problem, and we are just people who live lives, and are
:16:04. > :16:08.equal. As we have seen, over the last few weeks. But they have to
:16:08. > :16:14.continue that, we have to see disabled people in dramas, in all
:16:14. > :16:18.sorts of output, as equals, as we are. As we have proved we are, at a
:16:18. > :16:24.sporting level. I think that will be the true test of it, as well as,
:16:24. > :16:28.quite rightly, what Will has said. I think it has come across strongly
:16:28. > :16:31.through the Paralympics, the way Paralympic athletes have been
:16:31. > :16:34.presented is through their personalities. Yes, there is
:16:34. > :16:38.stories that involve inevitable hardship to do with disabilities,
:16:39. > :16:41.but other aspects of their life. The thing that has come through
:16:41. > :16:46.more strongly than what particular disability they have to cope with,
:16:46. > :16:50.is who they are at people. I think it is that reframing that will
:16:50. > :16:54.transform the way people see that. Let's broaden it out, we are told
:16:54. > :16:57.by David Cameron, and various other politicians, that this was a great
:16:57. > :17:01.moment in the redefining of Britishness. You saw people walking
:17:01. > :17:04.around proudly with the Union Jack, which in other circumstances has
:17:04. > :17:08.been the preserve, for example, of the extreme right. Has something
:17:08. > :17:12.changed in the way we think about ourselves, do you think? I think
:17:12. > :17:17.there's an understanding of what it means to be British. Whether that
:17:17. > :17:21.actually changes how people go on to behave, remains to be seen. But,
:17:21. > :17:24.I think going back to the Second World War, people knew what the
:17:24. > :17:27.British spirit was, we have lost that, and we have got it back.
:17:27. > :17:31.Whether we behave like that, we don't know, we behaved like that
:17:31. > :17:34.for two weeks during the Olympics and like that during the
:17:34. > :17:38.Paralympics. This is an instinctive thing. It is perhaps unfair to ask
:17:38. > :17:43.you to define it, have you thought about it? I think that people have
:17:43. > :17:47.seen that as a public we can be generous with our time, we can
:17:47. > :17:51.volunteer, we can make things happen for other people that
:17:51. > :17:56.doesn't necessarily benefit ourselves directly, and we can see
:17:56. > :17:59.the impact of that on society as a whole and it does benefit everybody.
:17:59. > :18:03.That has been demonstrated quite strongly perhaps that is an example
:18:03. > :18:06.people will want to follow in the future. How did it strike you?
:18:06. > :18:11.most significant moment for me in the coverage I saw in the last few
:18:11. > :18:17.days was a man who had worked as a volunteer, in the Olympic Park, and
:18:17. > :18:22.he was saying what a great sense of spirit among the people who have
:18:22. > :18:26.worked as volunteers and they were so sad that now the Paralympics was
:18:26. > :18:30.ending, they would, in many cases, would be going on to the dole, and
:18:30. > :18:37.it was sad that they had no jobs to go to. If you are what you are
:18:37. > :18:41.talking about, Anna, is true, there should be an enormous upsurge in
:18:41. > :18:45.this country of the trying to address the needs of the less well-
:18:45. > :18:51.off, and an enormous acceptance that wealth doesn't trickle down
:18:51. > :18:55.like a kas said to those who are well-off. I don't necessarily get a
:18:55. > :18:58.feeling about that. I don't discount for a minute that
:18:58. > :19:03.psychologically there has been a real lift, how long it will last.
:19:03. > :19:10.This is �9 billion that could have been spent a whole lot better?
:19:10. > :19:17.is pointless to say that now, I absented myself. We were not
:19:17. > :19:22.welcome at the court of King Coe! I don't think the legacy, the lasting
:19:22. > :19:26.legacy of the games will prove, I wish it would, would prove to be a
:19:26. > :19:30.great spirit of inclusiveness and grit. Surely there will be more
:19:30. > :19:34.volunteering in the future. People have seen, the volunteers we have
:19:34. > :19:38.spoken to today have said these were the best years of their lives?
:19:38. > :19:42.You expect theingen to volunteering. People have to work for a leaving.
:19:42. > :19:46.But I think that the volunteers in sport that I come across, that
:19:46. > :19:50.coach kids, they have seen how wonderful that's been. What about
:19:50. > :19:54.the legacy in sport itself? That is a no-brainer, there are people
:19:54. > :19:58.queuing up, we can't cope with them in rowing at the moment. The amount
:19:58. > :20:02.of messages I have had of saying that I have inspired people to go
:20:02. > :20:06.and do something, go out and jump on their bike, get in a swimming
:20:06. > :20:10.pool. Purely because we competed at the games and showed the world what
:20:10. > :20:15.we can do. Just from that, that's already getting people doing
:20:15. > :20:21.sufficient is it. If that is -- stuff, if that is one or two people
:20:21. > :20:27.going swim organise a ride. That inspiration d swimming or a ride,
:20:27. > :20:33.that understand pier -- going swimming or a ride, the inspiration
:20:33. > :20:38.of people means the whole system will build on itself. There is only
:20:38. > :20:42.a limited number of people who will get to the elite levels you guys
:20:42. > :20:45.are at. For most people enjoyment of sport is something completely
:20:45. > :20:50.different? I think there is more enjoyment in sport when you don't
:20:50. > :20:53.do it to the level we do it at. That is a very telling thing to say.
:20:53. > :20:57.I think elite athletics is a very, very interesting thing,
:20:57. > :21:02.psychologically. What it does to people. It seems to me, and I don't
:21:02. > :21:05.mean no disrespect to what you do, that it seems to me to be curiously
:21:05. > :21:08.similar to our obsession with competitiveness and elite
:21:08. > :21:12.performance in other areas of national life, like financial
:21:12. > :21:16.services, for example. There seems to be an absolute preoccupation
:21:16. > :21:20.with winning and securing victories in that way. And how about a little
:21:20. > :21:23.more co-operation rather than competition. Travelling in a rowing
:21:23. > :21:28.boat will teach you about co- operation. I concur with everything
:21:28. > :21:32.that's been said, I think the sporting aspect is a no-brainer,
:21:32. > :21:36.but I also agree with Will. What about the broader point about
:21:36. > :21:38.whether, the suggestion, it doesn't matter whether it is Boris Johnson
:21:39. > :21:42.or David Cameron, all sorts of people are saying now it is a
:21:42. > :21:46.different kind of country, is it? It certainly feels like it at the
:21:46. > :21:52.moment. I'm a Londoner, and London feels really happy at the moment.
:21:52. > :21:56.Slightly more so than usual. I wonder if when I'm slogging away on
:21:56. > :22:01.tour in the autumn, whether more people will come to my shows,
:22:01. > :22:04.because they are less scared of the image that disabled people present
:22:04. > :22:11.in entertainment, which is my sphere. That's how I will feel the
:22:11. > :22:16.change. If there are more bums on seats, you know. I very much, for
:22:16. > :22:20.me I'm just going to return to Dr Paul Dark said it is all about the
:22:20. > :22:23.image and media. If we see more inclusion of disabled people as
:22:23. > :22:28.equals n this industry, the television and film industry, we
:22:28. > :22:35.will be able to say things are going to be better. Lord Coe said
:22:35. > :22:42.last night that, he had had a phrase, "now it's up to you" in a
:22:42. > :22:47.rather patronising, in a doubtless, perfectly meant way? Me personally?
:22:47. > :22:51.No all of us really! I accept what Matt says, I accept the point about
:22:51. > :22:56.people signing up for sport. Who would deny that is a good thing.
:22:56. > :23:02.London, London was out of recession a while back. If you carve off
:23:02. > :23:05.tower hamlets and forest Hill and the -- Forest Hill, and the bits of
:23:05. > :23:10.the East End slightly below the Olympic Park. Tell it to them in
:23:10. > :23:13.the north-east. I wonder what the atmosphere is like in Tyneside or
:23:13. > :23:19.South Shields and in Merseyside, whether people are walking about
:23:19. > :23:23.with a bounce in their step? I was up for the weekend to Staffordshire,
:23:23. > :23:27.there is a golden post box, and there is a definite spring in their
:23:27. > :23:31.step. It could be your presence. You could be having a bubble
:23:31. > :23:38.effect? I do think, because Olympic athletes come from all over the
:23:38. > :23:41.country, it has reached out in a way I didn't expect it to. Leaving
:23:41. > :23:47.your own experience aside, can you imagine this summer without the
:23:47. > :23:50.Olympics and the Paralympics? don't think I could. We had the
:23:50. > :23:55.Diamond Jubilee, which was a massive celebration of being
:23:55. > :24:00.British, but I can't imagine what it would have been like with no
:24:00. > :24:05.Olympics, no Paralympics, and no show to the world. Thank you all
:24:06. > :24:09.very much. Oh to be Welsh, it is not often you
:24:09. > :24:13.hear that in England or Northern Ireland, but if you were one of the
:24:13. > :24:17.young people who sat their GCSE in English this year, you might well
:24:17. > :24:21.feel that way. The Education Minister and the principality has
:24:21. > :24:25.asked for papers to be regraded, after it became clear, that between
:24:25. > :24:29.last winter and this summer it got harder for pupils to achieve higher
:24:29. > :24:34.grades. The same situation applies in England. But there is to be no
:24:34. > :24:43.regrading for the many more people affected there. Sanchia Berg is
:24:43. > :24:45.with us now. Just explain briefly what is happening? What is
:24:46. > :24:50.happening, Newsnight has been following closely since the results
:24:50. > :24:54.qaim out. On the day results came out, you will remember that they
:24:54. > :24:58.were lower than people expected in English or predicted. That was
:24:58. > :25:03.especially the case in Wales. The minister for education, Leighton
:25:03. > :25:07.Andrews, asked the ministers to hold an inquiry, and he got the
:25:07. > :25:17.results this week. Today he recommended that the exams sat by
:25:17. > :25:17.
:25:17. > :25:21.students in Wales be regraded. I asked him why? We had a detailed
:25:22. > :25:26.report from our regulatory official, which looked at why grades had
:25:26. > :25:31.fallen 3.9% over the previous year. And bear in mind when changes to
:25:31. > :25:35.exam qualifications take place over GCSE, they are meant to have
:25:35. > :25:39.comparable outcomes year on year. They haven't. We went into it in
:25:39. > :25:44.considerable detail, it is a dry, sober and technical report T
:25:44. > :25:51.concludes that the results this year were unjustifiable and unfair
:25:51. > :25:56.to students. Does this just apply to Wales? Counterintuitively, it
:25:57. > :26:01.turns out that the Welsh Exam Board is the second-biggest provider of
:26:01. > :26:06.GCSE grading in England. Thousands of students in England have sat the
:26:06. > :26:11.same exam, they are not covered by the Welsh decision, Ofqual has said
:26:11. > :26:16.there will be no regrading. You have this position of students in
:26:16. > :26:20.England and Wales sitting the same exam on the same day, getting the
:26:20. > :26:22.same marks, but because they are in a different country, getting a
:26:22. > :26:25.different grade. There is to be a Select Committee investigation?
:26:25. > :26:29.and they will be starting hearings tomorrow. They will be aware of the
:26:29. > :26:35.Welsh decision, but also of a story that is developing now, which is
:26:35. > :26:38.being published in the Times Educational Supplement On-line.
:26:38. > :26:42.They have obtained leaked correspondence, between Ofqual, and
:26:42. > :26:46.one of the exam boards, which dates from two weeks before the results
:26:46. > :26:49.are published. It shows how Ofqual was putting pressure on the Exam
:26:49. > :26:54.Boards to change the grade boundaries, right at the last
:26:54. > :26:59.minute. It is interesting, because I had had spoken to Ofqual a couple
:26:59. > :27:02.of weeks ago, and they said, no, we don't get involved in the detail of
:27:02. > :27:06.where to set the grade boundaries N this case they appear to have done
:27:06. > :27:11.it. And they did it, so fewer students would get that grade C.
:27:11. > :27:16.What are Ofqual going to do now, here, in England? They have said
:27:16. > :27:22.that students can resit. They have said that students who sat the exam
:27:22. > :27:26.in January, just got a lucky break. The Times Educational Supplement,
:27:26. > :27:31.put this leaked correspondence to them. They said in that case they
:27:31. > :27:36.had behaved properly, and they are entitled to challenge the Exam
:27:36. > :27:39.Boards and intervene if they think standards are not being met. But
:27:39. > :27:43.former member of the governing board of Ofqual has said that he
:27:43. > :27:47.thinks that's not a sustainable position, and that the position of
:27:47. > :27:49.the Chief Regulator is untenable. She will be, I think, one of the
:27:49. > :27:53.first witnesses at the Select Committee tomorrow.
:27:53. > :27:57.Now the Business Secretary is going to revolutionise this country by
:27:57. > :28:01.setting enterprise free. He didn't put it quite as grandiloquently,
:28:02. > :28:05.that is not his style. But he is going to appropriate the Olympics
:28:05. > :28:08.tomorrow, to talk about how the Government will transform the
:28:08. > :28:11.economy. They are apparently going to back businesses with great
:28:12. > :28:15.prospect. But that was, of course, a promise made when they took
:28:15. > :28:25.office. Which rather raises the question of why it has taken over
:28:25. > :28:25.
:28:25. > :28:33.two years to get round to it. Allegra Stratton reports.
:28:33. > :28:38.The Prime Minister as wife loves LF Lowry, she even put one inside
:28:38. > :28:44.Number Ten. Everyone loves him, match stick cats and dogs. But now
:28:44. > :28:47.a rather too match stick industry base. Few discernable champions for
:28:47. > :28:51.manufacturing over the last few years, politicians or painter.
:28:51. > :28:56.Tomorrow we get an industrial strategy, even though the two words
:28:56. > :28:59.send a shiver down the spine of many free marketeers. Industrial
:28:59. > :29:05.strategy equals British Leyland, the motor company that successive
:29:05. > :29:09.Governments poured money into in the 1970s to no avail. Now the
:29:09. > :29:13.Liberal Democrat Business Secretary wants one, and because the Tory
:29:13. > :29:17.backbenchers have backed him, he will get one. You would think the
:29:17. > :29:20.politicians know better than to appropriate the Olympic Games for a
:29:20. > :29:24.political argument. This passing bandwagon was too good to resist,
:29:24. > :29:27.planning, investment, clear ambitious vision, the Olympics had
:29:27. > :29:31.it all. Tomorrow Vince Cable will say industrial policy should have
:29:31. > :29:37.it too. There will be a small business bank to help lend to small
:29:37. > :29:38.businesses, a long-held Cable wish. Sectors like Aerospace and cars,
:29:39. > :29:42.requiring long-term strategic investment in research and
:29:42. > :29:46.development from Government, will get it. And a little unfamiliar to
:29:46. > :29:51.the match stick factory workers, the knowledge industry gets support
:29:51. > :29:53.too. Cable pledges support from the Government will support risky,
:29:53. > :29:57.ground-breaking technologies, that futurologists believe will be key
:29:57. > :30:03.in the next 20 years. The Business Secretary felt some hostility in
:30:03. > :30:06.the Commons today. I hate to say this to the secretary for business,
:30:06. > :30:10.but there isn't cross-party support from this particular position. That
:30:10. > :30:15.sounded to me like a statement that any Labour minister could have made
:30:15. > :30:21.in the previous administration. It talked about state intervention,
:30:21. > :30:26.picking winners, and nothing about cutting red tape and regulation.
:30:26. > :30:32.For some, neither history nor geography back Peter Bone up.
:30:32. > :30:35.countries like France, Japan, southyia, famous for successful
:30:36. > :30:42.industry policy, industry policy is the policy of the centre right
:30:42. > :30:45.parties. So that it is a British peculiarly that the centre right
:30:45. > :30:50.party doesn't believe in Government involvement with industry. And also
:30:50. > :30:59.that few people know it, but actually Britain is the country
:30:59. > :31:05.that more or less invented the modern industry policy, because all
:31:05. > :31:11.this belief practised by Walpole was a version of industrial policy
:31:11. > :31:15.that transformed from the British economy to a raw material exporter,
:31:15. > :31:18.reliant on wool, into a manufacturing nation. The story MP,
:31:18. > :31:22.George Freeman is the MP for mid- Norfolk, that includes Cambridge
:31:22. > :31:29.University, he's also the Government as life science adviser,
:31:29. > :31:34.and a pros thigheser. We are setting out the industries where
:31:34. > :31:39.Britain punching well above their weight, areas like life sciences,
:31:39. > :31:45.and the automotive sector, we rebuilt that sector, it was the
:31:45. > :31:48.best of failed industrial policy in the 1970s, we rebuilt it on
:31:48. > :31:52.technology, and what we do best, through that and focus on Formula
:31:52. > :31:55.One we have rebuilt it. We have become a net importer of cars this
:31:55. > :31:58.week. Are you saying this wouldn't help without Government help?
:31:58. > :32:03.about looking at where we spend every Government pound, can we use
:32:03. > :32:09.it better to support growth. There remain niggling doubts, can even
:32:09. > :32:13.the most far-sighted futurologistings pick winners. They
:32:13. > :32:17.won't pick winners Leyland-style, they will be smarter? I have a
:32:17. > :32:20.problem with that, technology will be a good sector, but what does it
:32:20. > :32:24.mean. We saw in recent years that everybody thought mobile phones
:32:24. > :32:28.were a great sector to be in, they thought the winning formula was
:32:28. > :32:32.about carrying phone calls. It was mobile phone companies handling
:32:32. > :32:38.phone call, it turns out that is a ufillity business, all the value,
:32:38. > :32:42.worth and jobs, will be -- utility business, all the value will be
:32:42. > :32:46.worth jobs in handsets. They should be laying conditions for the
:32:46. > :32:51.overall economy to be more competitive, more conducive to job
:32:51. > :32:56.creation and entreprenurial business. They should let a flowers
:32:56. > :33:00.boom and let companies innovate and great work. There is picking
:33:00. > :33:06.winners, losers and downright troublemakers. Since the reshuffle,
:33:06. > :33:11.the Lib Dems and the Conservatives have their economic bover boys.
:33:11. > :33:15.They all enjoy intervening before breakfast, lunch and dinner, and
:33:15. > :33:19.possibly in each other's portfolios. Since then they have all won prizes,
:33:19. > :33:23.the Lib Dems have won their industrial strategy, and the Tories
:33:23. > :33:27.on deregulation. They will want to go further, that will probably
:33:27. > :33:30.require an industrial effort. Vince Cable used to call for his
:33:30. > :33:35.department, the department for Trade and Industry, as it was then
:33:35. > :33:38.known, to be dismantled, the Conservatives used to dismantle the
:33:38. > :33:41.concept of industrial strategy. But today's economy requires all hands
:33:41. > :33:48.to the pump. For the time being, the two sides are pulling together,
:33:48. > :33:53.not pulling apart. The new Business Minister, Matthew Hancock is here,
:33:53. > :33:57.and in Brighton, where he has been attending the Trades Union Congress
:33:57. > :34:02.is Chuka Umunna. This isn't a million miles away from what you do
:34:02. > :34:05.is it? I have been arguing for us to have a proper comprehensive
:34:05. > :34:09.industrial strategy, that doesn't only involve creating the
:34:09. > :34:13.conditions for the private sector to flourish, but also involves us
:34:13. > :34:16.thinking about stragically where we are strong. Frankly, we admitted
:34:16. > :34:21.during our time in Government, and Peter Mandelson has said the
:34:21. > :34:25.approach he took to this, in his first stint he is DTI, was very
:34:25. > :34:29.different from the second. The first was very nervous about having
:34:29. > :34:33.an activist Government policy, where you actually work stragically
:34:33. > :34:36.with sectors to grow them. Having spent a decent amount of time in
:34:36. > :34:40.Europe as Trade Commissioner, and seeing what happens happening
:34:40. > :34:43.around the world. He started very much to prosecute an active
:34:43. > :34:48.industrial strategy, because it was clear with the growing demand
:34:48. > :34:53.coming from the east, as a global middle-class balloons from 1.8
:34:53. > :34:57.billion to over 5 billion. We need to think stragically, how to grow
:34:57. > :35:01.the sectors where we have a competitive edge, and advantage to
:35:01. > :35:06.meet the demand. Keith thing is this, left to its own devices, the
:35:06. > :35:10.market don't do that. I wouldn't necessarily advocate returning to a
:35:10. > :35:14.1970s version of picking winning companies. But I certainly think we
:35:14. > :35:19.do need to look at picking winning sectors. The key thing is this,
:35:19. > :35:24.Peter was able to prosecute this strategy in Government, crucially,
:35:24. > :35:29.because the Treasury and Number Ten bought into the strategy. Nobody
:35:29. > :35:32.really believes that this is something that George Osborne, and
:35:32. > :35:36.it will be probably talked about, buys into. They think the best
:35:36. > :35:42.thing can you do now is deregulate. Let's find out. You have the full
:35:42. > :35:46.support of the Chancellor in this, have you? Of course, Chuka says,
:35:46. > :35:50.nobody really believes they buy into it. I believe they buy into it.
:35:50. > :35:56.I know they do. I will explain why. It is very straight forward. It is
:35:56. > :36:01.about finding the places that Britain is good at. And not only
:36:01. > :36:06.celebrating them, but supporting the sectors that we have done very
:36:06. > :36:09.well at. Why has it taken two years to get around to it? That is an
:36:09. > :36:13.exaggeration. For a start, this has been going on since the Government
:36:13. > :36:17.came to office, improving the competitiveness of Britain has been
:36:18. > :36:22.on the agenda, all the time. For instance, you know, we have gone up
:36:22. > :36:26.the competitiveness rankings, and there is nine, hold on, 900,000 new
:36:26. > :36:32.jobs in the business This policy statement that your boss, Vince
:36:32. > :36:36.Cable, is making tomorrow. This is something he could have said at any
:36:36. > :36:39.time in the last two years, it is not a new policy, then? What he's
:36:40. > :36:43.doing is putting meat on the bones. I wonder why he's bothering to make
:36:43. > :36:47.the speech, that's all? It is very straight forward. He has been
:36:47. > :36:51.working on this for a couple of years. You saw George Freeman, he
:36:51. > :36:56.has been working on the life science element of it. When this
:36:56. > :37:02.Government came to office, there was very little of the work on this
:37:02. > :37:08.done. There is a key area that is also being announced this week, and
:37:08. > :37:10.was announced today by the Government. That is making sure,
:37:10. > :37:15.where the Government helps, we need to be there, but where the
:37:15. > :37:19.Government gets in the way and has regulation that is are unhelpful,
:37:19. > :37:25.they have to be taken away. It has taken you two years to realise
:37:25. > :37:30.that? When we arrived in office, it took a long time to work out what
:37:30. > :37:35.regulations hit business. Because the Government simply didn't know.
:37:35. > :37:42.This is ridiculous, we set up the better regulation executive, and
:37:42. > :37:46.the regulatory policy committee to work and lessen the regulatory
:37:46. > :37:50.budget as much as possible. There are three problems in the way they
:37:51. > :37:55.have sought to prosecute industrial strategy since they came to office.
:37:55. > :38:02.First, they have singularly failed to back various sectors. They have
:38:02. > :38:06.said in the defence industry we are buying off the shelf in the US. In
:38:06. > :38:11.the other industries they haven't taken into account in procurement
:38:11. > :38:14.to take into account problems like the French and Germans do. You have
:38:14. > :38:17.to have the institutional architecture, that is why we have
:38:17. > :38:22.argued for a British investment bank. Not something rebadging of
:38:22. > :38:27.existing schemes, we say there is a case for proper badges. This is the
:38:27. > :38:31.main complaint I get from businesses, this is something that
:38:31. > :38:34.Matthew will get day in day out, when he meets with them. They need
:38:34. > :38:37.policy certainty to make long-term investment decisions. There has
:38:37. > :38:44.been a huge amount of policy uncertainty created by the
:38:44. > :38:52.Government. Whether it is renewables, even planning
:38:52. > :38:56.announcements. Chuka Umunna mentions specific things there. He
:38:56. > :39:01.mentions renewables, trains and so on. Give us some specifics of the
:39:01. > :39:06.sort of industries that you now plan to back, to choose to back?
:39:06. > :39:11.Let me give you one very clear example in automotive. Before that
:39:11. > :39:15.make a broader point. Chuka Umunna started by saying it was all a good
:39:15. > :39:19.idea. The tone of this debate will be far better if it were
:39:19. > :39:26.constructive, rather than picking on particular points. Let me answer
:39:26. > :39:30.the question. Give us the example? Tomorrow, I will be announcing,
:39:30. > :39:34.that one of the things we need to do, is make sure that the skills
:39:34. > :39:39.that we build in this country, and the apprenticeships, are better
:39:39. > :39:46.directed by what business needs, rather than by providers or by
:39:46. > :39:54.Government. So Nissan, and Rolls- Royce, will now be designing their
:39:54. > :39:58.own course is as, within apprentice -- Corsas, within apprenticeships,
:39:58. > :40:08.so people without skills and they will provide the skills they need.
:40:08. > :40:10.
:40:10. > :40:16.We know the most productive automaticive -- automotive factory
:40:16. > :40:22.in the world. When we talk about the automotive industry, where we
:40:22. > :40:26.starteded in Government. You want a long-term plan. You want a long-
:40:26. > :40:29.term proposal, I'm putting forward a plan. That has led to the results
:40:29. > :40:34.we are seeing now, that is something Vince Cable has admitted
:40:34. > :40:38.to. He has mentioned specific examples, do you support the action
:40:38. > :40:43.that the Government proposes to take there or not? We haven't seen
:40:43. > :40:48.the detail, because Vince Cable said he would spell it out tot
:40:48. > :40:55.tomorrow. I welcome the broad approach. In terms of using the
:40:55. > :40:59.larger companies to help broker a present tisship -- apprenticeships,
:40:59. > :41:03.I have been arguing for that for many months now. You think it is a
:41:03. > :41:07.good idea? I said it is in the House of Commons today, I think an
:41:07. > :41:10.industrial strategy is very important, you have to deliver it.
:41:10. > :41:16.Another example is there will be a state-backed, small business
:41:16. > :41:20.investment bank, to make sure that money get to the small businesses,
:41:20. > :41:24.who we know there is a big credit problem. We hope the Labour Party
:41:24. > :41:29.will back that. There is another specific. With respect, we have
:41:29. > :41:32.been arguing looking at the skraigs of a investment business bank for a
:41:32. > :41:38.-- creation of an investment business bank for a long time now.
:41:38. > :41:42.Let's see the detail, in so far as the stuff the Chancellor said about
:41:43. > :41:46.this is concerned, at the moment the British chambers of commerce
:41:46. > :41:48.are saying, they are simply seeking to put together a range of
:41:48. > :41:53.different financial schemes that already exist, and rebadge that a
:41:53. > :42:01.bank. That would not be a bank. That would not suffice. One more
:42:01. > :42:05.example, we want to make sure that procurement benefits British
:42:05. > :42:11.companies particularly. And Government buys about one seventh
:42:11. > :42:16.of the stuff we produce, we should think stragically and about the
:42:16. > :42:20.sectors we are good at and support British business there. You are
:42:20. > :42:24.against British justice? There is wriggle room and we make the most
:42:24. > :42:28.of it. They haven't done that. Look at the train situation, Bombardier,
:42:28. > :42:35.and defence, you will have defence ministers saying we will buy off
:42:35. > :42:43.the shelf in the US. The rules for the bombardia contract are changed
:42:43. > :42:46.under Labour, and we are changing the results for that reason.
:42:46. > :42:51.During the London Games, one politician in particular has been
:42:51. > :42:54.basking in the glow of the Olympic Flame. Here is London mayor, Boris
:42:54. > :42:58.Johnson, addressing athletes and volunteers at the parade at the end
:42:58. > :43:05.of the games. Showed every child in this country that success is not
:43:05. > :43:11.just about talent and luck, but about grit and guts and hard work.
:43:11. > :43:17.And coming back from defeat. By the way you showed fantastic grace and
:43:17. > :43:22.victory, and amazing courage in defeat. Speaking as a spectator,
:43:22. > :43:25.you produced such parrotisms of tears and joy on the sofas of
:43:25. > :43:35.Britain. That you probably not only inspired a generation, but helped
:43:35. > :43:35.
:43:35. > :43:40.to create one as well. I can get away with that! When you compare
:43:40. > :43:44.that, Allegra Stratton, has just joined us. When you compare that
:43:44. > :43:51.with the booing that George Osborne got, what do you conclude? Somebody
:43:51. > :43:55.looks more likely to be the next story Prime Minister. From the
:43:55. > :43:59.Business Minister -- can business ministers fighting just now, to
:44:00. > :44:08.Bill Clinton, at the Democratic National Convention. But this is
:44:08. > :44:12.London, and not the Tory faithful. The problem for us oven the summer
:44:12. > :44:16.is begin we are doing things about Boris's popularity, now you have
:44:16. > :44:19.the Boris show going on even if the Olympics finish tomorrow evening.
:44:19. > :44:22.You have conference shortly, where he will give a speech. Then you
:44:22. > :44:28.have the possibility looming over David Cameron's head, for however
:44:28. > :44:35.long, he could come back and fight a by-election over Heathrow. He is
:44:35. > :44:41.hoving into view rather rather than away from view. There was a
:44:41. > :44:49.correspondent from other TV situation poo pooing that Boris
:44:49. > :44:54.Johnson is being talked about as leader. But if you see how popular
:44:54. > :44:57.he is with people who cast votes. Does he stand for anything, apart
:44:57. > :45:02.from hisself? If you go through his colleagues and what he talks about,
:45:02. > :45:08.you can say it is London politics, but he stands for something on
:45:08. > :45:12.Europe and welfare cut, something on transport and something on
:45:12. > :45:22.infrastruck stuer. Given his position, the mayor's powers are
:45:22. > :45:25.imlimited. What surprised some of us over the summer, is it isn't
:45:25. > :45:29.just a metropolitan thing, if you look at the polling across the
:45:29. > :45:34.country, people do quite like him. There is a question, do you like
:45:34. > :45:37.him, do you want to, did you respect him? Yes, but David Cameron
:45:37. > :45:41.does better when he says who would you like to be Prime Minister.
:45:41. > :45:44.There is a massive debate now between people who think he should
:45:44. > :45:50.be taken seriously and not to be taken seriously. If you look at how
:45:50. > :45:54.he goes down with a massive cloud. David Cameron became the warm-up
:45:54. > :46:04.act this evening. act this evening.
:46:04. > :46:33.
:46:33. > :46:43.That's all from nice night tonight, I will be back tomorrow, until then,
:46:43. > :46:46.
:46:46. > :46:49.good night. We had quite a bit of cloud ayes
:46:49. > :46:53.cross the country on Monday. Still managed 24 degrees in Kent. That is
:46:53. > :46:57.all change for tomorrow. As we see the rain clearing away first thing
:46:57. > :47:01.in the morning. A much cooler- feeling day with a mixture of
:47:02. > :47:05.sunshine and showers. Quite a few showers across northern and eastern
:47:05. > :47:10.parts of the country. There could be heavy downpours into
:47:10. > :47:16.Lincolnshire. Not too many showers across the south coast, fine and
:47:16. > :47:19.dry at 4.00. That brisk north- westerly breeze making it feel
:47:19. > :47:25.cooler than it has done. Not too many showers here throughout the
:47:25. > :47:32.afternoon. Most places you would be dry and fiep, sunshine around, one
:47:32. > :47:37.or two across North Wales. Temperatures struggling in Northern
:47:37. > :47:43.Ireland, 12, 13. In Scotland most of the clouds towards the west.
:47:43. > :47:48.On the whole, here the best of the dry, bright weather, it remains
:47:48. > :47:51.that way in Edinburgh through Tuesday and Wednesday, temperatures
:47:51. > :47:55.around 13-14. Further south we will see sunshine, a few showers at
:47:55. > :47:59.times. But the cloud then begins to increase through the day on