:00:12. > :00:16.The shocking facts about our healthcare. We lag way behind the
:00:16. > :00:22.best of Europe in treating sick children. Where you live determines
:00:22. > :00:26.what your child gets from the NHS, and lives are being lost.
:00:26. > :00:29.Can it be improved, while the NHS is being organised and money is
:00:29. > :00:32.tight. We will be asking the children's
:00:32. > :00:36.Health Minister to tell us his plans.
:00:36. > :00:39.Also tonight, Greece's ever-longer lines of those seeking asylum, and
:00:39. > :00:44.how the authorities make it very clear they are definitely not
:00:44. > :00:48.wanted. The men who still live here, just
:00:48. > :00:55.yards from the ferry port say that the police raid here almost every
:00:55. > :00:59.night, and it is nearly time for that moment now. So time to leave.
:00:59. > :01:03.This building in Shanghai, is believed to be where the world's
:01:03. > :01:10.most organised and ruthless cyberhackers, working for the
:01:11. > :01:13.Chinese military, are stealing secrets. Or, should we believe
:01:13. > :01:17.Beijing's denials. This is in the Guinness Book of Records, it is my
:01:17. > :01:20.electric shoe. He created one of the most successful British
:01:20. > :01:30.inventions, the wind-up radio, among other things. Now Trevor
:01:30. > :01:36.
:01:36. > :01:40.Baylis is strapped for cash. Do we fail to protect clever ideas.
:01:40. > :01:44.Good evening, it is a shocking fact that child mortality in Britain is
:01:44. > :01:48.the worst when compared to similar European countries. There is
:01:48. > :01:53.unacceptable variation across the country in the quality of care for
:01:53. > :01:57.children. For example, in the treatment of asthma and diabetes.
:01:57. > :02:01.The words of the Health Minister, Daniel Poulter, who will explain
:02:01. > :02:04.what he intends to do about the shocking fact in a moment. It comes
:02:04. > :02:08.as the Government announced a national pledge aimed at improving
:02:08. > :02:14.the care of children within the NHS, while preparing for wide scale
:02:14. > :02:18.reforms to the service. Diaz Brockhouse has type I, the
:02:18. > :02:22.more dangerous type, of diabetes. She was diagnosed two years ago,
:02:23. > :02:26.when she was just 11.. I did think I was going to die when I was
:02:26. > :02:30.diagnosed with diabetes. I didn't know what it was. All I knew was
:02:30. > :02:34.that there was a type of diabetes that people got when they were
:02:34. > :02:38.overweight. I thought I'm not overweight, how has this happened
:02:38. > :02:45.to me. I was really, really scared. She has to check her blood sugar
:02:45. > :02:48.level several times a day, and take insulin accordingly. Even though
:02:48. > :02:52.she and her parents watch it closely sometimes the levels do
:02:52. > :02:58.rise too far and too fast. Local specialist nurses are expert in
:02:58. > :03:00.this condition, according to the family, some hospital doctors less
:03:00. > :03:05.so. If we have problems out of hours, during the night or the
:03:05. > :03:08.weekends, we have to ring the hospital, and they will bleep the
:03:08. > :03:12.paediatric registrar. We have found that they have really no idea, to
:03:12. > :03:16.be honest. We have conflicting ideas and advice from them. When we
:03:16. > :03:19.talk to the nurses on Monday or Tuesday, they say it shouldn't be
:03:19. > :03:26.done like that. Sometimes they don't know what we are talking
:03:26. > :03:32.about. Once I injected a fast-rate insulin, and we were panicked it
:03:32. > :03:37.could have sent me really low and into a comb ma. We rang up the
:03:37. > :03:44.Regis trairs and they said eat -- registrars and they said eat a lot
:03:44. > :03:48.of cashes, but we asked the nurses and they said, no. I don't want to
:03:48. > :03:51.ring the Regis trars, because I don't trust them. We don't ring any
:03:51. > :03:55.more. We speak to friends, we have a support group speaking to other
:03:55. > :03:59.mothers. Through our own information and our own seeking of
:03:59. > :04:05.information we have learned how to do it ourselves. Their experience
:04:05. > :04:11.shows even at a local level advice can be inconsistent. According to
:04:11. > :04:14.the charity, Diabetes UK, across the country there is inconsistency
:04:14. > :04:19.in the quality of treatment for children with diabetes. We know
:04:19. > :04:23.type I diabetes is a growing problem in children and young
:04:23. > :04:28.people. They need expert care to manage it. That care comes from
:04:28. > :04:31.specialists. We have seen specialist posts being cut and
:04:31. > :04:35.children finding it difficult getting access to them. That is
:04:35. > :04:39.something that really needs to change. In recent years, the health
:04:39. > :04:49.outcomes of British children have been improving. But not as fast as
:04:49. > :04:50.
:04:50. > :04:55.in other, northern European Today the Health Minister has
:04:55. > :05:00.announced a national pledge to reduce child deaths, more expert
:05:00. > :05:03.treatment is essential. But the ever-leaner Children's Hospital --
:05:03. > :05:07.in the Evelina Children's Hospital Hospital in south London, doctors
:05:07. > :05:12.provide expert care in many areas. They are planning to spread their
:05:12. > :05:15.expertise, by working more closely in future with other hospitals and
:05:15. > :05:20.GPs. London suffers from fragmentation, that is right. It is
:05:20. > :05:27.something we all acknowledge and want to put right. That's across
:05:27. > :05:31.specialist services. But in our own community, also. -- that is also
:05:31. > :05:35.something we feel passionately about this, in our own community,
:05:35. > :05:43.and bringing the richness we have in our tergsry services here into
:05:43. > :05:48.the kind of -- tertiary services here to other children.
:05:48. > :05:51.In some parts of the country paediatric child health, up to 50%
:05:51. > :05:55.of family doctors had no specialist training in this area. This
:05:55. > :06:00.initiative is intended to put children at the heart of the NHS.
:06:00. > :06:06.By improving information, improving treatment, the aim is to cut child
:06:06. > :06:10.mortality. But it comes at a time when the entire NHS is itself being
:06:10. > :06:16.reformed and restructured. At the same time, the NHS is trying
:06:16. > :06:20.to improve productivity, so it can cope with rising demand.
:06:20. > :06:24.The NHS is a large organisation, but there is only so much change it
:06:24. > :06:27.can cope with at any one time. Having said that, quality is number
:06:27. > :06:29.one, therefore all eyes will be on trying to improve the quality of
:06:29. > :06:36.care across the board for all groups of patients, children as
:06:36. > :06:40.well as adults. Today's pledge is intended to encourage all parts of
:06:40. > :06:44.the NHS to work together to improve children's health. Not only to make
:06:44. > :06:48.care better, but to investigate variations in survival rates across
:06:48. > :06:51.the country. It has been welcomed by some, but others wonder whether
:06:52. > :06:57.it will have an impact everywhere, given the other changes under way
:06:57. > :07:02.in the NHS. Shortly before we came on air I
:07:02. > :07:05.spoke to the Health Minister, Dr Daniel Poulter, from our Ipswich
:07:05. > :07:09.studio. Dr Poulter, if British healthcare
:07:09. > :07:14.for children were really up with the best in Europe, how many lives
:07:14. > :07:18.do you think we could save every year? I think you are absolutely
:07:18. > :07:22.right to point out the fact that in this country there has been for too
:07:22. > :07:25.long an unacceptable variation in the quality of healthcare provided
:07:25. > :07:30.for many children. In some parts of the country we do it very well, in
:07:30. > :07:36.other parts of the country we don't. That's unacceptable, we need to
:07:36. > :07:40.have high standards everywhere. It could be many tens of lives every
:07:40. > :07:46.year that actually we could potentially save, if we did things
:07:46. > :07:51.better in the NHS. Around a quarter of child deaths showed, I'm quoting
:07:51. > :07:56.here, "identifiable failure in the child's direct care". Yet your
:07:56. > :07:59.solution appears to be people signing a pledge, there should be a
:07:59. > :08:03.review and better use of the data. Parents all over the country will
:08:03. > :08:07.think that's not good enough? is a lot more to it than that.
:08:07. > :08:10.First of all, it is about making sure we get sign-up, not just from
:08:10. > :08:14.Government and the NHS, but local authorities, who play a key role in
:08:14. > :08:17.making sure that we look after children and give every child the
:08:17. > :08:20.best start in life. It is also about building on some of the
:08:20. > :08:23.things we have already done since we have been in Government, in
:08:23. > :08:26.particular focusing on the early years, which is is so important in
:08:26. > :08:30.children's health and development. It is also about making sure we put
:08:30. > :08:35.the money into the right place. From April this year, money for all
:08:35. > :08:41.of the NHS will be going into the community. So that actually we can
:08:41. > :08:44.focus on the important preventive care measures, and keep children,
:08:44. > :08:48.in particular those with long-term conditions, like asthma and
:08:48. > :08:51.diabetes, well in their own homes and supported in their communities.
:08:51. > :08:55.We will come on to asthma and diabetes in a moment. Many parents
:08:55. > :08:59.will find it absolutely shocking that up to quarter of all patients
:08:59. > :09:03.are children, but The Royal College of Paediatrics Al-Saadi in many
:09:03. > :09:07.parts of the country, half of GPs have no paediatric health training.
:09:07. > :09:11.That sounds extraordinary, what will do about that? This is exactly
:09:11. > :09:18.why we have to have a system-wide approach to this. It is about The
:09:18. > :09:23.Royal College of GPs, working to improve GPs' training, and looking
:09:23. > :09:27.closely at how to extend GPs' training at the moment. And
:09:27. > :09:32.ensuring there will be mandatory train anything paediatric.
:09:32. > :09:36.mentioned diabetes, in some areas around 6% of children with diabetes
:09:36. > :09:41.are unnecessarily referred to hospitals, in other areas it is
:09:41. > :09:44.seven-times as much, 46%. Why does that happen? It is the fact that in
:09:44. > :09:48.some parts of the country, Newcastle for example, there is a
:09:48. > :09:52.service which is geared up to community-based care, and
:09:52. > :09:57.preventive care. About 1500 young people a year, who don't need to be
:09:57. > :10:01.in hospital, are better supported in the community. Their diabetes is
:10:01. > :10:05.better managed and they are better cared for. Other illnesses, long-
:10:05. > :10:09.term illnesses like asthma, they are better supported within the
:10:09. > :10:13.community. It is not that people don't want to be wicked or bad to
:10:13. > :10:16.our children, there is not people in the NHS deliberately trying to
:10:16. > :10:21.subvert things. Why don't other places follow the best practice,
:10:21. > :10:24.even in Britain, never mind Europe? This is exactly the point that we
:10:24. > :10:28.have made and why we have brought it into focus today, through the
:10:28. > :10:32.pledge we have put across. It is unacceptable that there is that
:10:32. > :10:37.variation in care. And it is about making sure that across the health
:10:37. > :10:41.service we recognise that variation is unacceptable, and we put, for
:10:41. > :10:47.the first time, an at last in place, that shows where care is good and
:10:47. > :10:52.not so good. This comes, of course, after the mess in Staffordshire,
:10:52. > :10:56.also comes with 14 hospital trusts facing investigation. We have the
:10:56. > :11:00.stories about a whistleblower not being listened to because of
:11:00. > :11:06.bureaucracy would rather shut him up. I wonder how serious is the
:11:06. > :11:10.reputational damage to the NHS putting all this together? I'm a
:11:10. > :11:13.doctor, and a Health Minister, I care and love the NHS, that is why
:11:14. > :11:17.I chose to work in it. But it is also about having a grown-up
:11:17. > :11:21.conversation, and saying that because we love the NHS we have to
:11:21. > :11:24.recognise where things need to be better. It is about system-wide
:11:24. > :11:28.change, to prioritise children's health. That is exactly what we are
:11:28. > :11:31.doing through this. It is also about making sure we don't just
:11:31. > :11:33.focus on the community-based cautious but also on the crucial
:11:33. > :11:36.early years, which is why we are putting so much money and
:11:36. > :11:39.investment into increasing the number of health visitors to
:11:39. > :11:43.support young mums and families get the best start in life. It would be
:11:43. > :11:50.very difficult for you, as a health minister even though you love the
:11:50. > :11:55.NHS to tell the people of Britain tonight that the NHS is envy of the
:11:55. > :11:59.world? The NHS is imitated and admired throughout the world. It
:11:59. > :12:02.doesn't matter how much we love the NHS, there is always things that
:12:02. > :12:07.could be done better. We have to be honest about that and face up to
:12:07. > :12:09.the fact if we want to keep the NHS as the envy of the world, if things
:12:10. > :12:13.go wrong we have to put them right. We heard the Prime Minister
:12:13. > :12:18.yesterday saying it was not acceptable for no senior figure in
:12:18. > :12:22.the NHS to take responsibility for the unnecessary deaths in
:12:22. > :12:25.Staffordshire. Is it time for the chief executive of the NHS, David
:12:25. > :12:31.Nicholson to resign. You are the Health Minister, he's the Prime
:12:31. > :12:34.Minister, clearly you are unhappy? The Prime Minister made clear when
:12:34. > :12:39.he made the statement about Staffordshire immediately
:12:39. > :12:42.afterwards, it wasn't about picking one or two scapegoat, but it was
:12:42. > :12:46.about learning systematic lessons. David Nicholson can consider his
:12:46. > :12:49.own position. But at the moment we accept the fact that he, like many
:12:49. > :12:53.other people, has made an apology for what he has done. We now need
:12:53. > :12:59.to move on and make sure we never let another Mid Staffordshire
:12:59. > :13:04.Hospital happen again. That have the Health Minister.
:13:04. > :13:08.In a moment, the latest Greek crisis, unwanted migrants, and the
:13:08. > :13:14.inventor of the clockwork radio, and why patent protection laws are
:13:14. > :13:19.a wind up. I thought don't worry, you'll get your money back, and did
:13:19. > :13:22.I? No. When it comes to refugees and
:13:22. > :13:26.migrants Greece is the front door of Europe. At one point last year
:13:26. > :13:32.300 people a day were crossing Greece's land border with Turkey
:13:32. > :13:35.illegally. Now there is a crackdown, a mass round up has seen 77,000
:13:35. > :13:39.picked up off the streets in six months. These are the figures, but
:13:39. > :13:43.behind them countless human stories. Paul Mason has been to Greece to
:13:43. > :13:50.hear one man's account of his journey through the system. A
:13:50. > :13:56.system which, as you will hear, is in dire need of reform.
:13:56. > :14:03.Once this was the biggest textile factory in Greece. Today is lies
:14:03. > :14:08.abandoned, and is famous for something else.
:14:08. > :14:12.When I filmed here a year ago, hundreds of migrants were squatting
:14:12. > :14:15.in the factory, desperate to get out of Greece, and scathing about
:14:15. > :14:20.the way this country treats them. This is not Europe. It doesn't feel
:14:20. > :14:28.like Europe, why? I used to live London, this is not Europe. Then my
:14:28. > :14:38.guide was this man, Mohammed in red, a Moroccan, living in the factory.
:14:38. > :14:38.
:14:38. > :14:45.Back then, as we left the place, I never expected to see him again.
:14:45. > :14:50.Today the factory looks quiet, deserted. There has been a big
:14:50. > :14:57.police round up of the migrants, and the whole place, at first sight,
:14:57. > :15:04.looks empty. So what's happened to the men who lived here? Well,
:15:04. > :15:08.thanks to luck and Facebook, I'm about to find out. Mohammed, the
:15:08. > :15:18.man who took me in here a year ago has tracked me down from inside a
:15:18. > :15:23.prison cell. Now, he wants to tell his story.
:15:23. > :15:30.The story of one man on a journey from Africa to Europe via a country
:15:30. > :15:36.in crisis. How did so many men end up living
:15:36. > :15:39.in that factory at the port? TRANSLATION: They couldn't find
:15:39. > :15:44.anywhere else to stay, the factory was empty, we started going in
:15:44. > :15:50.there to sleep. We slept in the suers, because the police came --
:15:50. > :15:53.sewers, because the police came and looked for us every day. The mice
:15:53. > :16:00.and rats used to run over us. But life in the abandoned factory
:16:00. > :16:04.was soon to end. Two months after we filmed there, it came under
:16:04. > :16:09.attack by local people and busloads of protestors from the far right
:16:09. > :16:17.party, Golden Dawn. Only the riot police stood between
:16:17. > :16:21.them and the migrants. TRANSLATION: They hit people, we thought if they
:16:21. > :16:24.find one of us they will kill them, because they are fascists. The
:16:24. > :16:27.police had to stop them coming in. My friends were afraid. But
:16:27. > :16:31.immigrants don't really understand what is going on around them. They
:16:31. > :16:35.have only one thing on their mind, that is to leave Greece. They are
:16:35. > :16:39.not interested in Golden Dawn. With hostility to the migrants
:16:39. > :16:45.growing, last August the Government launched a sustained police
:16:45. > :16:53.operation to find and detain those with no right to be here.
:16:53. > :16:59.Is it called Operation Xenios Zeus, this is how it works.
:16:59. > :17:03.The Greek police have given us access to an Operation Xenios Zeus
:17:04. > :17:08.raid into the square, one of the main squares of Athens. The police
:17:08. > :17:13.invited us along, on condition we masked the faces of all involved.
:17:13. > :17:18.They stopped people on the streets, checked their papers. This man has
:17:18. > :17:23.the vital pink card, saying he's claimed asylum. But it is only a
:17:23. > :17:30.photocopy. In this, one of the poorest areas in Athens, the wider
:17:30. > :17:36.impact is to create tension. This is why many migrants choose to
:17:36. > :17:39.stay at home as much as possible. Why is he being stopped? He tells
:17:39. > :17:44.me he's from Bangladesh, he has been here eight months, and lives
:17:44. > :17:52.nearby. The police have destained 77,000
:17:52. > :18:01.people, like this, in the past six months. And sent 4,000 to detention
:18:01. > :18:05.centres to await deportation. Mohammed was one of them.
:18:05. > :18:10.TRANSLATION: I was asleep when they came in, 20 or 30 policemen to pick
:18:10. > :18:14.up five migrants. With so many, you are afraid. They take to you the
:18:14. > :18:17.police station, then the court, and transport you directly to the camp.
:18:17. > :18:24.There was no hearing? TRANSLATION: There was no justice. I didn't
:18:24. > :18:32.understand anything, from the police to the camp. Why? They took
:18:32. > :18:38.him to a detention centre, a former military camp in Corinth. "death or
:18:38. > :18:43.the fatherland" says the far right graffiti on the wall. This is the
:18:43. > :18:48.camp in Corinth where he was taken. Filming is not allowed at the
:18:48. > :18:51.perimeter. The idea was by rounding up immigrants en masse and
:18:51. > :18:56.detaining them like this, it would deter others. There is evidence
:18:56. > :19:00.that it has worked, but not on the scale it would need to solve
:19:00. > :19:05.Greece's problem with migration. No journalists have been allowed to
:19:05. > :19:09.film inside, but while Mohammed was there, a visitor secretly took
:19:09. > :19:15.these shots. TRANSLATION: conditions are very bad. The meals
:19:15. > :19:21.were not good. There were no blankets, no hot showers, only cold
:19:21. > :19:27.water. I went two month without a shower. They played with our state
:19:27. > :19:34.of minds to make us leave the country. We started a hunger strike,
:19:34. > :19:38.but it was ended because they hit us, they didn't let us continue.
:19:38. > :19:46.At refugee centres across Greece, the impact of Operation Xenios Zeus
:19:46. > :19:51.was clear. Many people are not coming as often as they used to,
:19:51. > :19:54.because they are afraid of leaving their houses. The impression that I
:19:54. > :20:00.have is Greek authorities are trying to deliver a message, and
:20:00. > :20:04.the message is do not come here, you are not welcome.
:20:04. > :20:09.But, if that is the message, it is not getting through. These ferry
:20:09. > :20:12.boats to Italy and beyond are like a magnet to illegal migrants trying
:20:12. > :20:21.to enter the rest of Europe, and to the criminal gangs who take them
:20:21. > :20:24.there. Mohammed has managed to lodge an
:20:24. > :20:29.asylum claim, but back at the factory, which is supposed to be
:20:29. > :20:36.secured, it didn't take him long to help us find the men still living
:20:36. > :20:46.there illegally. Where are you from? Brazil. Where are you going?
:20:46. > :20:46.
:20:46. > :20:56.The ship. Turkey. Next, where next are you going? Britannia.
:20:56. > :21:01.
:21:02. > :21:09.Glasgow. Why Glasgow? Bonita La viva. As I was about to find out,
:21:09. > :21:17.the numbers are being swelled by new conflicts. How are you? Guys,
:21:17. > :21:23.can we come in? OK, where are you from? Syria. Can you just speak
:21:23. > :21:29.Arabic to this guy, where are you from in Syria, which city? Aleppo.
:21:29. > :21:38.Because of the war. What about this guy, where are you from? Algeria.
:21:38. > :21:48.How long have you been here? Eight or nine months. Where do you want
:21:48. > :21:52.
:21:52. > :21:58.The men who sleep here know the ferry timetable off by heart. They
:21:58. > :22:05.told us they had each paid 3,000- 4,000 euros to get this far.
:22:05. > :22:09.The men who still live here just yarbdz from the ferry -- yards from
:22:09. > :22:17.the ferry port say the police raid here almost every night. It is
:22:17. > :22:25.nearly time for that moment now, so, time to leave.
:22:25. > :22:28.Every migrant has a different story. Mohammed has a degree, and he has
:22:28. > :22:33.left Morocco because he wants to live a secular lifestyle there and
:22:33. > :22:39.claims he can't. TRANSLATION: It took four-and-a-
:22:39. > :22:48.half hours of flying, Morocco to Turkey, kas blan ka to Istanbul.
:22:48. > :22:51.From Turkey he made four attempts to cross the Evros River into
:22:51. > :22:57.Greece. TRANSLATION: There were me and Afghans in the boat, after ten
:22:57. > :23:03.minutes the boat capsized, we had to swim for it. The boat turned
:23:04. > :23:07.over? TRANSLATION: Three of the Afghans couldn't swim and they
:23:07. > :23:14.drowned. We have no way of verifying that claim, just as we
:23:14. > :23:20.can't verify the stories of thousands of others. But for now,
:23:20. > :23:24.he's in limbo, his asylum claim entitles him to stay in Greece. For
:23:24. > :23:29.the rest he's entitled on volunteers like this woman who runs
:23:29. > :23:36.a volunteer language school. What is happening about the asylum
:23:36. > :23:41.procedure is that only one organisation is charged with the
:23:41. > :23:46.responsibility to help people to provide the legal assistance to
:23:46. > :23:51.apply for asylum. But actually the police only gives one appointment
:23:51. > :23:55.per week to the Red Cross. So you can imagine that we have a big list
:23:55. > :24:02.of hundreds of people who want to apply for asylum, but, in fact,
:24:02. > :24:10.they can't, because one appointment per week is so little, it is like
:24:10. > :24:15.nothing. In fact, in Greece, it is almost
:24:16. > :24:21.impossible to claim asylum. Here is why. In Athens, every Friday night,
:24:21. > :24:26.a queue of migrants forms. Some of these men have been here since
:24:26. > :24:35.Wednesday. Only at this one place in the city can you actually claim
:24:36. > :24:38.asylum. But the police take only 20 claims a week. The selection
:24:38. > :24:43.process has been described as abitary, the police say it is
:24:43. > :24:51.improved. We were ordered to leave before it took place, and told they
:24:51. > :24:54.would be kept here until we did. With 200 migrants queuing, and 20
:24:54. > :24:59.let in, once per week, that is a one in ten chance. It doesn't stop
:24:59. > :25:03.people coming. We asked to speak to a minister,
:25:03. > :25:06.and to the police spokesperson about the allegations of
:25:06. > :25:11.mistreatment inside the Corinth camp, and about the deficiencies of
:25:11. > :25:15.the system. The Greek Government declined our request.
:25:15. > :25:20.The they directed us to speak to this woman, the head of a new
:25:20. > :25:26.asylum service, a service that as yet has no powers. The experience
:25:26. > :25:31.we have had, following one guy through the asylum system, reveals
:25:31. > :25:36.to us just one fundamental problem, it doesn't work. Do you accept that
:25:36. > :25:40.the present system doesn't work? Let me put it this way, the asylum
:25:40. > :25:44.system in Greece hasn't worked for many years. For a number of
:25:44. > :25:48.different reasons we don't have to go into now. In 2011, the Greek
:25:48. > :25:51.Government was found to have breached the European Convention on
:25:51. > :25:55.Human Rights, over the conditions migrants were being detained in. It
:25:55. > :25:59.pledged to change. It is two years on from the
:25:59. > :26:04.judgment, it is two years on from the action plan, and still we find
:26:04. > :26:08.out in the port we were in, 300, 200 asylum seekers, in the freezing
:26:08. > :26:16.cold, lying on the ground, 20 people only selected. That can't be
:26:16. > :26:19.right. You are not fulfiling their human rights? Well, as I just said
:26:19. > :26:23.this is one of the problems, difficult access to the asylum
:26:23. > :26:29.procedure in Greece, which the new asylum service is supposed to
:26:29. > :26:34.address. We are gearing up for that. We are recruiting many people. We
:26:34. > :26:38.expect to have upwards of 250 new staff members for the asylum
:26:38. > :26:43.service. This is a very big investment, and it is very new.
:26:43. > :26:46.for Mohammed, and men like him, she has this message. They may have to
:26:46. > :26:51.be in an illegal situation for years and years and years, and
:26:51. > :26:54.there is a big price for that. People have to really think and
:26:54. > :26:59.take the right information before they make this sort of decision for
:26:59. > :27:03.their lives. Greece, however, seems to have the illusion, that the
:27:03. > :27:08.harsher they are treated and the more ignored they are, the more
:27:08. > :27:11.likely it was they would stop, that didn't work, did it? That is why
:27:11. > :27:17.things are changing. Mohammed has now moved to this abandoned
:27:17. > :27:21.farmhouse, miles away from Patris, when I meet him he has news. This
:27:21. > :27:27.is my house. After our first interview, he was again detained by
:27:27. > :27:31.the police, he told me the police said his clothes were too new. It
:27:31. > :27:37.was only for one night, but he and his friend do their best to stay
:27:38. > :27:44.out of sight and out of trouble. You are sleeping there? Me and my
:27:44. > :27:49.friend. All four of you sleep here? Why do so many men choose to live
:27:49. > :27:56.in conditions like this, it is just a hard life. Travelling, being
:27:56. > :28:00.lifted by the police, always insecure, why? TRANSLATION: It is
:28:00. > :28:07.because we have an objective, we don't stay here just to kill time.
:28:07. > :28:12.Whether it's here or on the road, our objective is to leave.
:28:12. > :28:16.You just want to go. This is the objective. I want to go.
:28:16. > :28:22.There is no chance that they can stop the flow of migrants into
:28:22. > :28:28.Europe. No. With TRANSLATION: they want Europe. They want to come.
:28:28. > :28:34.It is a hope, it is an objective. For some, Europe is a paradise. You
:28:34. > :28:39.have to reach it. That is one man's story, he told me some of those I
:28:39. > :28:43.met in the factory a year ago have already made it to northern Europe.
:28:43. > :28:47.It is the possibility of getting there that makes men like Mohammed
:28:47. > :28:53.keep on coming. Because, though he's biding his time now, northern
:28:53. > :28:57.Europe is where he intends to finish up.
:28:57. > :28:59.A highly secretive branch of the Chinese military is behind the
:28:59. > :29:03.hacking of information from the computers of organisations around
:29:03. > :29:07.the world. That's the view of Mandiant, an American cybersecurity
:29:07. > :29:13.firm, working for the New York Times, who were themselves hacked.
:29:13. > :29:16.They called the Chinese hackers probably one of the world's most
:29:16. > :29:23.prolific cyberespionage groups. Who exactly are these people, and what
:29:23. > :29:26.are they offer? What did the New York Times reveal?
:29:26. > :29:31.They published details of this report by this company, as you say,
:29:31. > :29:34.a private enterprise company. So far this issue of Chinese cyber-
:29:34. > :29:38.warfare, or intelligence-gathering, has been plaged with claim and
:29:38. > :29:43.counter claim. It has been rather insubstantial, frankly, an awful
:29:43. > :29:48.lot of allegations made. China, of course, denying them, as you would
:29:48. > :29:51.expect. This is homing in, and it shows a way in which, more broadly,
:29:51. > :29:55.this is becoming a much more difficult issue for Governments
:29:55. > :30:00.like the US and UK, we will talk about them in a moment, to handle.
:30:00. > :30:05.What Mandiant did, they tracked 140 cyber-attacks forensically. They
:30:05. > :30:11.got past the normal re-routing and things that hackers do, and tracked
:30:11. > :30:15.them. What did they find. If we look at the map they found that 90%
:30:15. > :30:21.of those 140 attacks that they looked into came from Shanghai. And
:30:21. > :30:27.n fact, when they went right in there to Pudong, the new city part
:30:27. > :30:30.of the financial area of Shanghai, it was a specific area of Pudong,
:30:30. > :30:37.this building, or the area immediately around this building,
:30:37. > :30:40.which is known to house unit 61398, or part of it, which is part of the
:30:40. > :30:45.Chinese military service. Mandiant says that 3,000 different IP
:30:45. > :30:53.addresses can be traced to this building or the very near
:30:53. > :30:59.neighbourhood of this building. Some foot ablg -- footage of it t
:30:59. > :31:03.and the symbol of the people's Chinese state. They are pinpointing
:31:03. > :31:07.the Chinese state in a way we haven't seen before. Does that mean
:31:07. > :31:10.the case is proved against China or not? Of course, China today has
:31:10. > :31:14.denied these new charges, saying they are unprofessional, and it is
:31:14. > :31:21.a frame-up, if you like. But, as far as the US Government is
:31:21. > :31:24.concerned, it does seem to be proven. This is now, of course,
:31:24. > :31:28.generating pressure for action. Questions tonight at the White
:31:28. > :31:33.House, leading the White House spokesman to say they have raised
:31:33. > :31:36.the question repeatedly with the Chinese authorities. Report of s of
:31:36. > :31:43.findings by the President last week to share intelligence about where
:31:43. > :31:45.the Chinese attacks are coming from, not just IP addresses, with
:31:45. > :31:50.internet service providers to protect themselves better against
:31:50. > :31:53.this type of threat. It is crystalising into a more solid
:31:53. > :31:57.issue in relations between China and other states. Where does
:31:57. > :32:01.Britain figure in this? Are we a target, as far as we know? It is
:32:01. > :32:05.definitely the case that the UK is also a target. Once again, there
:32:05. > :32:09.have been these issues. Is this being done by commercial entities
:32:09. > :32:13.in China for commercial gain, in which case that is industrial
:32:13. > :32:18.espionage that is going on for a long time. Or is this directed by
:32:18. > :32:21.elements of the Chinese state, like the cyber-warfare unit they were
:32:21. > :32:25.referring to earlier. There has been some reporting that there is a
:32:25. > :32:32.split in the cabinet between William Hague and Mr Clegg on the
:32:33. > :32:37.one hand, and Mr Cameron and Osbourne on the other hand. The
:32:37. > :32:40.Clegg-William Hague tendency is confront more directly, the others
:32:40. > :32:44.allegedly not. I'm told the issue has been intensively discussed in
:32:44. > :32:48.the cabinet, and one of the key issues is not the vulgar one of
:32:48. > :32:54.what commercial gain would be lost if Britain made more of a fuss. But
:32:54. > :32:56.if we reveal to the Chinese exactly what we know about cyber-attacks,
:32:56. > :33:00.especially in Government organisations, eminating from
:33:00. > :33:03.places like, that will we blow our own defence. That is beginning to
:33:03. > :33:07.field like quite a Cold War argument. The need to protect
:33:07. > :33:10.sources and methods of intelligence, beginning to condition the
:33:10. > :33:15.diplomacy. Before the end of the programme we
:33:15. > :33:19.will have tomorrow morning's front pages. But first, when it comes to
:33:19. > :33:23.winning Nobel Prizes, Britain comes second only to the United States.
:33:23. > :33:26.And yet this country's reputation for genius has often been
:33:26. > :33:30.undermined by the failure to make money from any of these great ideas.
:33:30. > :33:35.As part of the potential solution, today a new Patent Court was set up,
:33:35. > :33:38.working for the whole of the EU, but based in London. One long-time
:33:38. > :33:42.campaigner on the issue is Trevor Baylis, who created the clockwork
:33:42. > :33:48.radio, hailed as one of the top 50 British inventions ever. He would
:33:48. > :33:54.like to see, not just an EU-wide, but a universal patent system. And
:33:54. > :34:01.thinks patent infringement should be a criminal rather than civil
:34:01. > :34:11.crime. Mr Baylis this week revealed that far from being rich, he may
:34:11. > :34:13.
:34:13. > :34:17.have to sell up his home in Eel Pie Island,. It is an intention of my
:34:17. > :34:22.electric shoe, when you put your foot down, a little tweak of
:34:22. > :34:28.electricity comes through and is injected into our mobile phone
:34:28. > :34:32.battery, in the side pack. My name is Trevor Baylis, I call
:34:32. > :34:38.myself an inventor. This workshop is where it all began. This is the
:34:38. > :34:43.graveyard of a thousand domestic appliances.
:34:43. > :34:53.I'm known, I guess, for making the clockwork radio. That's how I wound
:34:53. > :34:57.it up. Let's see if it still works? I was watching a programme about
:34:57. > :35:01.the spread of HIV and AIDS in Africa, they said the only way to
:35:01. > :35:05.stop the dreadful disease cutting its way to all those places was
:35:05. > :35:09.through the radio, a means of communication. But there was a
:35:09. > :35:15.problem, most people in Africa didn't have electricity. And the
:35:15. > :35:18.only other form of electricity was in the form of batteries, which
:35:18. > :35:24.were horrendously expensive. I was thinking to myself, hang on, all
:35:24. > :35:28.those years ago I can see myself with an old fashioned gramophone. I
:35:28. > :35:35.thought you wind this thing up, and you can get all that noise by
:35:35. > :35:39.dragging a rusty nail around a piece of old bak-o-lite as it were,
:35:39. > :35:46.and that produces sound. There must be enough energy in the
:35:46. > :35:51.spring to drive the radio, I thought.
:35:51. > :35:58.There is only one arm, there is the bottle, that gois there.
:35:58. > :36:03.Now -- Goes there. Now you can undo the top, or tighten it up. Then it
:36:03. > :36:11.undoes it for you, here we are. Everybody's doing their own version
:36:11. > :36:15.of a wind-up torch, radio, so on. What they do is circumnavigate your
:36:15. > :36:21.invention. Like the handle turns this way, they make it so it goes
:36:21. > :36:26.the other way, it is different to yours. They can play very dodgy
:36:26. > :36:30.manoeuvres in order to claim it to be theirs. Because theirs is
:36:30. > :36:35.subtley different. If I put that on there and point it towards the
:36:35. > :36:39.camera, wherever I take my chariot the sign looks at you. That is
:36:40. > :36:45.Meccano, we are not talking high- tech, high-tech, we are talking low
:36:45. > :36:49.tech, low tech. You only have to look back through time, the United
:36:49. > :36:52.Kingdom, the empire it was. The empire of steam, steam engines and
:36:52. > :36:56.locomotives went all around the world. There are so many things we
:36:56. > :37:01.have created and done over the years. We are great at inventing,
:37:01. > :37:08.but alas now, the people that are supposed to run our innovation
:37:08. > :37:17.units, or look after the inventors treat me, amongst other people,
:37:17. > :37:21.like dirt. In other words, don't invent! Most of us don't have all
:37:21. > :37:26.the skills we need to bring a product to market. You have to
:37:26. > :37:29.appreciate that some people have the most amazing ability to change
:37:29. > :37:34.all our lives socially and commercially. For instance, we have
:37:34. > :37:39.all got paper clips, right. How many of us actually know who made
:37:39. > :37:42.the paper clip? And yet these people that change all our lives,
:37:42. > :37:46.we don't even know who they are. That is disgusting, really. Because
:37:46. > :37:53.we have got to encourage this nation to literally get off its
:37:53. > :37:58.back side and have a gone, and we have to make sure that UK Plc will
:37:58. > :38:02.stand behind the lone inventor. I have no problem with products being
:38:02. > :38:07.made in China, Timbuktu, India, they will make a profit, fine, but
:38:07. > :38:12.the most important thing is the British economy doesn't suffer as a
:38:12. > :38:16.result of it. That the inventor, he or she, are not kicked out of the
:38:17. > :38:20.equation. Now, if we do it that way, and we make the theft of
:38:20. > :38:25.intellectual property a white collar crime, it could be an
:38:25. > :38:29.everybody wins situation. We have to try to get the patent system to
:38:29. > :38:33.be a universal thing. We don't want to go to a country and they say,
:38:33. > :38:40.sorry mate, we don't do it this way. Because there is no point in having
:38:40. > :38:46.a patent office if it is not a universal system. The irrepressible
:38:46. > :38:53.Trevor Baylis there. Nicola Dagg leads the intellectual
:38:53. > :38:57.property practice, and the author of a book about this. How much of a
:38:57. > :39:01.problem is this where inventors and authors feel some of their best
:39:01. > :39:06.stuff is being stolen by people? is an on going problem, to put the
:39:06. > :39:10.other side of the equation, in the UK we have a sophisticated regime
:39:10. > :39:13.for protecting intellectual property. We have a full range of
:39:13. > :39:17.intellectual property rights. Patents are in the news today. They
:39:17. > :39:22.are a very important tool. We have a very sophisticated and highly-
:39:22. > :39:27.regarded patents court, and today we have the news of a new patent
:39:27. > :39:31.regime for Europe that's simpler and more cost effective. Is this
:39:31. > :39:35.something that the big companies can do because they can afford
:39:35. > :39:39.lawyers like yourself? Where as the bloke in the shed can't do it or
:39:39. > :39:43.isn't interested in doing it, so he can't really protect himself?
:39:43. > :39:48.not as black and white as that. At one end of the spectrum we have the
:39:48. > :39:52.big corporates who are very sophisticated consumers and who
:39:52. > :39:57.will need to invest at both protection stage and the
:39:57. > :40:00.enforcement stage to protect the Crown Jewels. But we see different
:40:01. > :40:06.arrays of intellectual property rights being used. At the other end
:40:06. > :40:10.of the spectrum we have design rights, trade mark, copyright, less
:40:10. > :40:14.expensive. So it is a case of the flexibility in the system in terms
:40:14. > :40:17.of the different rights, and going forward the flexibility in the
:40:17. > :40:21.courts system. When you listen to Trevor Baylis, did that seem
:40:21. > :40:25.familiar to you, that people who invent things, perhaps are not the
:40:25. > :40:30.best business people in the world, and perhaps don't feel they get the
:40:30. > :40:36.reward for what they do? Correct, I'm not in my workshop. Lots of
:40:36. > :40:42.people aren't. There is a new breed of entrepeneur, and not really
:40:42. > :40:46.using the word "inventor", more "creative", with two clicks you can
:40:46. > :40:51.find a factory in China to make anything. That is exceptionally
:40:51. > :40:54.exciting and empowering. How do you protect what you have come up with,
:40:54. > :40:57.your great new idea. How do you stop, if you are not a big company,
:40:57. > :41:02.how do you stop other people nicking it? It is tough, and the
:41:02. > :41:05.Government needs to invest more in encouraging people and showing them
:41:05. > :41:09.how to protect things in many different ways, like Nicola said.
:41:09. > :41:13.You don't have to patent something. Actually you can only patent
:41:13. > :41:19.something if it has an inventive step. The ideas I come up with, and
:41:19. > :41:23.many other people who, Susie, the housewife comes up with an idea in
:41:23. > :41:29.the bath, she might not come up with the water engine, but comes up
:41:29. > :41:33.with a great idea of the product. You can patent that and it gives
:41:33. > :41:40.you some degree of protection. about the question of shouldn't it
:41:40. > :41:44.just be EU wide but universal, that would be simpler, that would imply
:41:44. > :41:47.everybody signing up to it, that would be some what tricky I would
:41:47. > :41:53.suspect? There is some appetite for going there. Today we see major
:41:53. > :42:00.advancements in terms of getting a pan-European, a one-stop-shop for
:42:00. > :42:04.patents in Europe. A single and unity patent for Europe, and one
:42:04. > :42:08.court for pat continuitys in Europe. That is major progress. There is
:42:08. > :42:11.international treaties in place, where some things are already
:42:11. > :42:15.harmonised, including an entry point for patent applications, that
:42:15. > :42:20.can grow into a collection of patent rights across the world. It
:42:20. > :42:25.is not ideal, but step by step, at least we are driving it forward in
:42:25. > :42:29.Europe at the moment. Does Britain have an image of itself as a nation
:42:29. > :42:32.of inventors, we like eccentrics and people who come up with whacky
:42:32. > :42:39.things, but we are not particularly good at Monday advertising it, to
:42:39. > :42:43.use that horrible -- monetising it, to use that horrible word, making
:42:43. > :42:47.cash out of it? I would rather go away from someone tinkering in the
:42:47. > :42:51.shed, to someone in the pub who comes up with a great idea for a
:42:51. > :42:57.greeting card, or a new novelty product, and then find an expert
:42:57. > :43:00.with just a couple of clicks. That's really fantastic and easy to
:43:00. > :43:04.do. You don't have to be an engineer to do that, because you
:43:04. > :43:08.can find someone to help you very easily. But that's true, you don't
:43:08. > :43:12.have to be an engineer to do that. But many of these inventions,
:43:12. > :43:17.Trevor Baylis was talking about if you just make a slight modification
:43:17. > :43:22.then the patent, perhaps, may no longer apply. In other words you
:43:22. > :43:27.lose most of what you have thought of, your originality? Yes, you have
:43:27. > :43:33.to be very careful about going into that whole process, it is expensive
:43:33. > :43:38.and lengthy. If you are a big form suit kal company, then I see a --
:43:38. > :43:42.pharmaceutical company, I see a reason to protect your drug. I
:43:42. > :43:45.don't relate to that, I relate to somebody in their flat thinking up
:43:46. > :43:50.a concept. I would say to them, don't be scared about protecting
:43:50. > :43:55.your idea, do it best, do it fast, do it now, and do it well. That
:43:55. > :44:00.will give you some degree of protection. You suggested, you seem
:44:00. > :44:03.to be optimistic that this would get better. But bringing in a new
:44:03. > :44:10.Europe-wide system, there will be a lot of bumps over the next few
:44:10. > :44:15.years? That is fair. I think we will see the benefit of the system
:44:15. > :44:20.once it is bedded down. Once we see a set of high-quality judges in
:44:20. > :44:23.place and we can begin to predict their decisions, we get more legal
:44:23. > :44:26.certainty. Once we see the decisions being upheld, and the
:44:27. > :44:30.users of the court system become familiar with it. A bumpy ride to
:44:30. > :44:40.start, but the structure is there. Thank you very much.
:44:40. > :44:40.
:44:40. > :45:30.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 50 seconds
:45:30. > :45:36.A quick look at tomorrow morning's That's all for tonight, I will be
:45:36. > :45:40.back with more tomorrow. We wanted to leave you with the news that
:45:41. > :45:43.Derek Beattie, the host of Mr and Mrs has died. A little bit of TV
:45:44. > :45:51.history. # Things of the future
:45:51. > :45:58.# And all you are hoping for # Be nice to each other
:45:58. > :46:08.# Mr and Mrs # Sharing each day forever more
:46:08. > :46:14.
:46:14. > :46:18.Good evening. Changes are afoot, tonight most of you go from clear
:46:18. > :46:24.to cloudy, a greyer start to tomorrow. Best of the sunshine in
:46:24. > :46:28.the west, but a widespread frost and dense fog to begin with. Patchy
:46:28. > :46:32.light rain, sleet, icey for a time across the Pennines and the
:46:32. > :46:37.mountains of Scotland. Conditions will brighten up, especially to the
:46:37. > :46:42.Pennines in the afternoon. A little bit of sunshine can'ting ruled out.
:46:42. > :46:46.Breaks in the sunshine in the east. The wind picking up as well. It
:46:46. > :46:51.will feel significantly colder A lovely bright start across Devon,
:46:51. > :46:54.Cornwall and west Wales. Clouding over here. Spots of light rain and
:46:55. > :47:00.sleet over the hills not completely ruled out. The breeze picking up so
:47:00. > :47:03.the temperatures will drop. For Northern Ireland the sunny
:47:03. > :47:06.conditions in the west throughout. Same too in the northern and
:47:07. > :47:11.western parts of Scotland. Essentially much more cloud through
:47:11. > :47:14.today and colder. The colder feel will continue into Thursday. Look
:47:15. > :47:17.how the temperatures continue to drop day on day. Cloud amounts will
:47:17. > :47:20.vary. Best of the sunshine probably in the west. A lot more cloud to
:47:20. > :47:24.the east. From that as well you will notice into Thursday we will
:47:24. > :47:28.start to see a few light snow flurries here and there. They will