:00:12. > :00:18.$:/STARTFEED. What sort of a country are we? On the eve of
:00:18. > :00:24.elections the Prime Minister gets stick for appointing cronies to his
:00:24. > :00:31.top team. Labour is accused again of being the trades unions catspaw,
:00:31. > :00:34.and UKIP shout "vote for us we are not part of the establishment".
:00:34. > :00:39.Times have changed yet old customs have survived. Just the
:00:39. > :00:43.establishment even exist any longer, and if not, why does the Prime
:00:43. > :00:48.Minister keep adding more products of Eton to his team. We go skiing
:00:48. > :00:51.with the wounding of America's wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and
:00:51. > :00:55.discover what the promise of mobility means. I'm too proud to
:00:55. > :01:00.take my life. But for a long time it didn't sound like a bad idea.
:01:00. > :01:04.years on screen, now the actor Bill Roache is named as a suspected
:01:04. > :01:10.rapist. Should those accused of such crimes be entitled to the same
:01:10. > :01:15.anonymity as the victims of the crimes? And the great director,
:01:15. > :01:18.Peter Brook, talks life and literature and why people should
:01:18. > :01:25.stop questioning Shakespeare's authorship. I wanted to write a
:01:25. > :01:33.short little pamphlet to make fun, once and for all and destroy this
:01:33. > :01:36.idiotic idea that somebody else wrote Shakespeare.
:01:36. > :01:41.Who runs this place? It is the question any reporter worth their
:01:41. > :01:46.salt ought to ask when they pitch up somewhere. But supposing this
:01:46. > :01:49.reporter was to be deposited in Britain, if he or she picked up the
:01:49. > :01:54.newspapers they might well conclude that the introduction of
:01:54. > :01:57.universally free education in the 1940s hadn't changed much. On the
:01:57. > :02:02.eve of local elections David Cameron is having to fight
:02:02. > :02:07.accusations that his Government is some sort of make work scheme for
:02:07. > :02:11.the products of Eton. Although it is not entirely true that
:02:11. > :02:17.Methuselah was an eat tonia, the argument has been around for a
:02:17. > :02:20.while. It is 50 years since a senior Tory talked about a magic
:02:20. > :02:23.circle of Etonians making prime ministers.
:02:23. > :02:28.Campaigning in the local elections the Prime Minister is keen to show
:02:28. > :02:31.how in touch he is with regular folk. See for example how he eats
:02:32. > :02:36.cheese! But increasingly he's having to answer charge that he and
:02:36. > :02:42.his inner circle are some what a breed apart. But what he leads is
:02:42. > :02:46.not so much a Government as a chum- ocracy. I appoint people because
:02:46. > :02:49.they are good enough to do a job and they are the right people for
:02:49. > :02:52.that job. I have people around me with all sorts of different
:02:52. > :02:56.backgrounds and schooling, but the most important thing is are you
:02:57. > :03:02.going to be good enough to do the job? So who is this supposedly cosy
:03:02. > :03:08.group of chums? Well, the latest name in the frame is Christopher
:03:08. > :03:12.Lookwood, he's just been appointed as the latest member of David
:03:12. > :03:16.Cameron's policy unit, they are pals he and the Prime Minister,
:03:16. > :03:20.they holidayed in Tuscany, he's also a pal of George Osborne. An
:03:20. > :03:24.old school friend. From the elegality St Paul's public school.
:03:24. > :03:29.Another recent apppointee is Joe Johnson, the brother of Boris
:03:29. > :03:36.Johnson, both men, of course, attended Eton at the same time as
:03:36. > :03:40.David Cameron. Coincidently so did David Cameron's Chief of Staff, Ed
:03:40. > :03:44.Llewlyn, and another apppointee, Jessie Norman, also went to Eton.
:03:44. > :03:48.That may leave Andrew Fellman feeling left out. He only knows the
:03:48. > :03:52.Prime Minister from their days at Oxford together. It doesn't leave
:03:52. > :04:01.much room for women, who of course don't get to go to Eton. But does
:04:01. > :04:05.this really matter if this pool of talent is, from a small source.
:04:05. > :04:08.This whole thing about a chum- ocracy has two negative effects.
:04:08. > :04:11.There is the obvious one that people look at the Prime Minister's
:04:11. > :04:16.operation and think it is completely staffed by his friends,
:04:16. > :04:20.people from very good private schools. There is the perception
:04:20. > :04:23.problem. I think the deeper problem is that actually it means that you
:04:23. > :04:29.have a Downing Street operation which has such a narrow experience
:04:29. > :04:31.of the country that it doesn't produce such good policy. It isn't
:04:32. > :04:35.so effective politically at understanding the country. It is
:04:35. > :04:39.that second problem that I think is the bigger one. And what about
:04:39. > :04:48.Labour? Well they have their own inner circle in the shape of some
:04:48. > :04:56.of the trades unions, Billy Hayes has donated money from his union to
:04:56. > :05:00.Ed Balls. The head of the other trade unions gives money to Chuka
:05:00. > :05:04.Umunna's office. As for Ed Miliband, the unions have signed up to
:05:04. > :05:11.support him, he has received money from the GMB and the most powerful
:05:11. > :05:14.union of all, Unite, led by Len McClues key. We should remember the
:05:14. > :05:18.trades union movement founded the Labour Party in the first place.
:05:18. > :05:22.Even so the Electoral Commission's data has shown they have given more
:05:22. > :05:26.generously in the last two years, and given a greater total of
:05:26. > :05:30.donations to the party. One former trade union official says all
:05:30. > :05:37.unions are not equal, that Unite has become dominant in Labour
:05:37. > :05:41.politics. Obviously Awe night are very influential in terms of the --
:05:41. > :05:45.obviously Unite are very influential in terms of what they
:05:45. > :05:49.give. They have a total political strategy, it is not just about
:05:49. > :05:52.tweaking the purse strings. They are training up candidates,
:05:52. > :05:55.training policy, and running independent campaigns, they have a
:05:55. > :06:00.strategy outside of the TUC. In a sense they are not saying "your
:06:00. > :06:04.money or your life", they are basically establishing an entirely
:06:04. > :06:08.independent Labour movement if you like. What about those other
:06:08. > :06:12.centres of power outside Westminster? The European Union for
:06:12. > :06:16.example. These are some of their big players. You probably don't
:06:16. > :06:21.recognise all that many of them. Estimates on the extent of EU
:06:21. > :06:28.influence on the UK vary widely. But the House of Commons library
:06:29. > :06:33.has calculated that between 1997 and 2009, only 6.8% of primary
:06:33. > :06:37.legislation, acts of parliament, and 14.1% of secondary legislation,
:06:37. > :06:40.those are the regulation that is implement law, came from the EU.
:06:40. > :06:44.Clearly European regulations have an effect. Devolution certainly has
:06:44. > :06:48.a big effect in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Less of an impact
:06:48. > :06:51.in England, apart from the areas that have elected mayors. Even
:06:51. > :06:54.despite all that it is still a pretty centralised society. There
:06:54. > :07:00.is still a lot a Prime Minister with the proper backing and
:07:00. > :07:03.organisation and will can do. was in 1440 that Henry VI founded
:07:03. > :07:07.Eton College. Maybe it is significant that so many in British
:07:07. > :07:10.public life come from such a narrow circle. But whether voters care,
:07:10. > :07:15.whether it will make the slightest bit of difference to tomorrow's
:07:15. > :07:19.elections in England and Wales, well that's another question. To
:07:19. > :07:22.talk about this we have Sarah Wollaston, who is a Conservative MP,
:07:22. > :07:27.who has questioned the number of old Etonians in Government. She
:07:27. > :07:33.joins us from Exeter where the sun is apparently still shining. Dr
:07:33. > :07:38.Milton Celiz is a political historian and -- Dr Anthony Seldon
:07:38. > :07:41.is a political historian. Harry Mount is a journalist on the public
:07:41. > :07:44.schools system, and Toni Pearce is the newly elected President of the
:07:45. > :07:49.National Union of students. When she takes up her post in the summer
:07:49. > :07:52.she will become the first leader in the organisation who hasn't been to
:07:52. > :07:56.university. What do you think this appointments
:07:56. > :08:01.policy looks like? I don't think it looks very good, does it? It is not
:08:01. > :08:06.just from one sector of education, the public schools, it is from one
:08:06. > :08:09.particular school. We have been a democracy for getting on for two
:08:09. > :08:14.centuries, so it is bound to provoke all kinds of questions
:08:14. > :08:17.about exactly how fair is Britain today? What do you think, Harry?
:08:17. > :08:25.doesn't look great and they certainly are an elite, but what
:08:25. > :08:32.they really are is an intellectual elite. For what it is worth Joe
:08:32. > :08:35.Johnson got a first, Jessie Norman has written an intellectual
:08:35. > :08:39.biography of Edmund Burke. I know some of them, not just because they
:08:39. > :08:42.are friends. The more important thing is they are intellectual as
:08:42. > :08:47.opposed they have been to a certain school or university. They are all
:08:47. > :08:50.men, of course, Sarah Wollaston, what does it feel like to you?
:08:50. > :08:53.other commentators have said it is about the appearance that it gives.
:08:54. > :08:59.It is not just the message we give, it is the messenger that delivers
:08:59. > :09:02.it that is important. About being much more inclusive. Go on? I think
:09:02. > :09:05.also it is something about patronage. This is the heart of
:09:05. > :09:11.this. We are also hearing about the problem within the Labour Party,
:09:11. > :09:14.and if you take, for example, when David Miliband left for New York,
:09:14. > :09:18.Ed commented if I'm Prime Minister I will make sure one way or another
:09:18. > :09:23.that he service this country. What is that if it is not patronage. It
:09:23. > :09:26.is about how we tackle how patronage operates throughout
:09:26. > :09:30.Westminster. Toni Pearce you took at it from a different generation
:09:30. > :09:34.and different background, what does it look like to you? It has a huge
:09:34. > :09:38.impact on the way that people in this country see politics. And
:09:39. > :09:42.their view of politics. This idea that politics is some sort of elite
:09:42. > :09:46.club where only men who went to a certain school or university
:09:46. > :09:50.together can get in and lead the country. I think it is really
:09:50. > :09:56.concerning actually. It says a lot about the way this Government are
:09:56. > :10:00.running the country, I think. Actually but that goes and is
:10:00. > :10:05.symptomatic of a wider problem in the political system. And not
:10:05. > :10:07.exclusive to the Conservative Party because the Labour Party is in the
:10:08. > :10:11.same kind of boat? This idea it is full of different clubs of
:10:11. > :10:17.different types of people who give jobs to people that they grew up
:10:17. > :10:21.with or are friends W I take your point that these people -- I take
:10:21. > :10:25.your point that niece people are intellectual elite. You get that
:10:25. > :10:29.through a certain way and through privilege. Going somewhere like
:10:29. > :10:33.Eton probably allows you to become an intellectual elite that going to
:10:33. > :10:37.other places you get less of that opportunity. That is certainly true.
:10:37. > :10:40.What is extremely unfair is the school system in this country that
:10:40. > :10:43.the independent schools are some of the best schools in the world. The
:10:43. > :10:46.state schools are some of the worst schools in Europe. So you will end
:10:47. > :10:49.up with this situation. You don't mean all state schools, you mean
:10:50. > :10:54.some state schools, and some private sector schools are very,
:10:54. > :10:58.very good. Some of them are very bad too. There is a reason why you
:10:58. > :11:01.end up with a skewed result of having the country run by public
:11:02. > :11:05.school boys, which it is, it is because those public schools are
:11:05. > :11:09.extremely good at teaching. There are some fantastic state schools in
:11:09. > :11:15.Britain achieving not just great results but also doing some of what
:11:15. > :11:20.the public schools do so well, which is to teach character and
:11:20. > :11:25.attitude and determination to make a mark, to make a change. As
:11:25. > :11:29.opposed to what, sadly, Governments left and right have imposed on
:11:29. > :11:33.schools which is to render them little more than exam factories,
:11:33. > :11:37.making the teachers and students feel that the passing of exams is
:11:37. > :11:41.all that matters. That is not why Etonians get to the top, it is
:11:41. > :11:46.because they have a confidence and connections, and everything that
:11:46. > :11:49.Toni was talking about, it is more than just that. A bigger point here
:11:50. > :11:54.is Eton teaches something else, which is boys, they don't teach
:11:54. > :11:58.women. I don't take the point at all that these people are by nature
:11:58. > :12:01.the most capable people in the country. They may well be, that
:12:01. > :12:06.could be complete coincidence, I find it very hard to believe that
:12:06. > :12:10.the six most talented people in the country are men and they went to
:12:10. > :12:13.Eton. It could be, but it would be a great coincidence. Sarah
:12:13. > :12:17.Wollaston the interesting question, David Cameron is a highly
:12:17. > :12:22.intelligent man, if he knows, as he must know what this looks like, why
:12:22. > :12:28.does he keep on doing it? I do not know. I think it has to change. It
:12:28. > :12:33.could be so different. Today I met with the head of science and
:12:33. > :12:36.technology from a fantastic state Community College in my
:12:36. > :12:40.constituency, and he was appointed by interview. That's what the
:12:40. > :12:43.public would expect. Would Government expect him to be
:12:43. > :12:47.appointed by patronage? Think we would be outrageed if that happened
:12:47. > :12:55.in the state sector, we wouldn't want surgeons appointed by
:12:55. > :13:01.patronage. Does it matter, is it damaging? If Joe Johnson turns out
:13:01. > :13:06.to be exactly what Cameron is looking for, if he gives the
:13:06. > :13:11.Conservative Government a coherence that Cameron is rather lack to date,
:13:11. > :13:15.then I think people will forget where he's come from. But if it is
:13:15. > :13:20.just more of the same then I think it will really matter. Yes it does
:13:20. > :13:24.matter. I think that there should be perhaps more people, more of an
:13:24. > :13:27.open process, I think we also have to remember that all leaders tend
:13:27. > :13:32.to, in China and Russia, tend to appoint people they know. Because
:13:32. > :13:36.heeders are highly exposed and you like -- leaders are highly exposed
:13:36. > :13:39.and you like to appoint people you know and trust or who share the
:13:39. > :13:46.same kind of assumptions you do. Previous politicians have done
:13:46. > :13:54.exactly the same thing. When Tony Blair appointed Charlie Faulkner
:13:54. > :13:58.his old flatmate, or Derry Ervine the old barrister in his chambers.
:13:58. > :14:01.The moment you appoint a 40-year- old, former journalist on the FT
:14:02. > :14:05.with a first from Oxford, no-one would have questioned that until
:14:05. > :14:08.suddenly you hear he went to Eton, it is appalling therefore. There
:14:08. > :14:14.are trigger words we think some how it is awful because of being
:14:14. > :14:18.associated with certain places. That is a form of reverse snobbery.
:14:18. > :14:23.That would be true if every other cabinet we had ever seen wasn't
:14:23. > :14:29.made up of this kind of political elite. It is a problem when every
:14:29. > :14:32.time we see a cabinet formed we see more men than women, we see
:14:32. > :14:35.increasing number of people going to private school, not just in the
:14:35. > :14:38.cabinet but wider politics, particularly at the highest levels
:14:38. > :14:42.across different political parties, I do think it does matter when
:14:42. > :14:46.people are more disenfranchised than ever with the political system,
:14:46. > :14:52.it bears huge importance. If we want people to participate in
:14:52. > :14:55.democracy and get involved in civil society. It turns you off politics?
:14:55. > :15:00.It turns me off wanting to be involved in politics or thinking
:15:00. > :15:05.that I'm going to be leading civil society. Because I'm not a man, I
:15:05. > :15:10.didn't go to Eton, I have not been to university and that's already
:15:10. > :15:16.kind of sets me apart from these people. There is no barrier actual
:15:16. > :15:21.lie holding back these people, I mean -- actually holding back these
:15:21. > :15:26.people, I mean one of the most powerful women died a few weeks ago
:15:26. > :15:29.and she wasn't held back because she didn't go to Eton. Those
:15:29. > :15:34.barriers aren't there saying because you didn't go to Eton?
:15:34. > :15:38.not sure that isn't there in 2013. I'm more with Toni, we are a
:15:38. > :15:43.democracy we not only have to be fairer but be seen to be fairer to
:15:43. > :15:47.women to all kinds of minority groups. What about quotas, wouldn't
:15:48. > :15:51.it be crazy to appoint a woman to the job because she's a woman
:15:52. > :15:56.rather than brilliant. We have to do much more than we are doing at
:15:56. > :16:00.the moment. This country is not becoming more fair or more open to
:16:00. > :16:05.minority groups and to people from ordinary backgrounds, it is
:16:05. > :16:09.becoming if anything less. This is worrying. I think that schooling is
:16:09. > :16:12.absolutely fundamental. We need to be doing for more our state schools,
:16:12. > :16:21.not just to teach them really well, which the Government is trying to
:16:21. > :16:25.do. But to give them the kind of confidences that Toni has.
:16:25. > :16:30.unfairness is in the schools system. You can teach character and
:16:30. > :16:34.confidence. I think we can also give these people more connections,
:16:34. > :16:38.more of a sense of a leg-up and then we can have a society that
:16:38. > :16:43.many people don't feel alienated from. Sarah Wollaston do you feel
:16:43. > :16:47.excluded? No, I don't feel excluded. The point is Government works
:16:47. > :16:51.better without patronage. Look at what happens to select committees,
:16:51. > :16:54.they are more effective since we got rid of the whips appointing
:16:54. > :16:58.them. They are more effective at challenging and holding Government
:16:58. > :17:01.to account. That is why it is so important to get rid of patronage,
:17:01. > :17:05.we will be better off for it. Some of the best advice any of us get is
:17:05. > :17:09.from people who have a different world view and who we don't agree
:17:09. > :17:16.with. This point about class, this obsession we have with class, you
:17:16. > :17:21.are absolutely right, it is the mention of that magic word "Eton"
:17:21. > :17:27.that conjures up all sorts of illusions. Are we getting over
:17:27. > :17:31.that? Eton is and is opening an academy, it is trying to reach out
:17:31. > :17:36.T has lots of bursaries. I think many more public schools could
:17:36. > :17:40.follow Eton's lead. But many more other schools could follow the kind
:17:40. > :17:45.of confidence building and the sense almost of entitlement to have
:17:46. > :17:50.a good job. But public schools generally, and Eton particularly,
:17:50. > :17:53.people in this kind of elite, they are a million miles away from the
:17:53. > :17:57.majority of people who live in this country. That is the real problem
:17:57. > :18:01.here. Actually I don't want my Government to feel a million miles
:18:01. > :18:05.away from my experiences and my life. I know that the people I grew
:18:05. > :18:10.up with, where I group up in the south west absolutely wouldn't want
:18:10. > :18:13.their Government to feel a million miles away, and yet they do. There
:18:14. > :18:19.is no way they could have that idea? I don't disagree with you. I
:18:19. > :18:22.think something has to happen to make Britain a fairb irand a more
:18:22. > :18:26.democratic -- fairer and more democratic country. If these people,
:18:26. > :18:30.regardless of where they come from can institute changes to achieve
:18:30. > :18:33.that and get voter turnout and participation in politics and civil
:18:33. > :18:38.society, which afterall is the closest they have ever had to an
:18:38. > :18:40.idea with their Big Society! If all this actually means something then
:18:40. > :18:47.maybe these people will have achieved something. I'm not going
:18:47. > :18:52.to ask you with what the fees are at your school? A lot. Thank you
:18:52. > :18:56.all very much. Coming up, should people accused of
:18:56. > :19:01.sex crimes remain anonymous until proven guilty. We talk to the
:19:01. > :19:06.theatre director, Peter Brook. Theatre cannot be a mass medium and
:19:06. > :19:10.thank good television has taken its place.
:19:10. > :19:19.Many tributes were paid today to three British soldiers who were
:19:19. > :19:26.killed in a bomb explosion in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. They
:19:26. > :19:29.bring the total number of daeds to well over 1,000. Modern medicine
:19:29. > :19:32.has aided many who once would have doid from their wounds to survive.
:19:32. > :19:39.What happens to those young men and women after the noise of battle has
:19:39. > :19:44.died, and they have had to rebuild their lives in new bodies. We have
:19:44. > :19:50.been to Colorado where several hundred disabled veterans have come
:19:50. > :19:55.together to learn how to ski as part of their rehabilitation. This
:19:55. > :20:05.report contains some graphic images, and they talk as soldiers talk, in
:20:05. > :20:16.
:20:16. > :20:21.pretty direct language. The Colorado mountains.
:20:21. > :20:27.400 disabled American veterans from all conflicts arrive for a week of
:20:27. > :20:32.skiing and rehabilitation. Thank you so much for your service to our
:20:32. > :20:37.country. Thank you for thanking us. Come closer, I like it when the
:20:37. > :20:45.guys come closer. Alan Babin, a battlefield medic was seriously
:20:45. > :20:50.injured during the invasion of Iraq. It was one of the fiercest battles
:20:50. > :20:56.that the 82ndair bourne had been in since World War II. During the
:20:56. > :21:03.battle, about three hours into it, one of his fellow paratroopers was
:21:03. > :21:09.on the bridge and raised up to look and see what was coming. He was hit
:21:09. > :21:12.with a gunshot wound to the head. A call for a medic rang out. Alan
:21:12. > :21:19.left the safety of a covered position and ran through effective
:21:19. > :21:25.gunfire to render aid. When he was hit. It was a gunshot wound to the
:21:25. > :21:35.abdomen, through and through shot by an AK 47, however Alan lost 90%
:21:35. > :21:39.of his stomach, his spleen, part of his pan crease, it grazed his liver
:21:39. > :21:45.and diaphragm. The battle was so severe they couldn't extract him,
:21:45. > :21:50.he lay on the hood of a gun truck for three-and-a-half hours. For me
:21:50. > :21:59.first there is no thinking, when someone needs your help, you are
:21:59. > :22:06.there to help, that's that. I just knew I had to be somewhere because
:22:06. > :22:13.somebody needed me. Alan's wounds from the battlefield were very
:22:13. > :22:16.severe, but when he got to Walter Reed, April 26th and started
:22:16. > :22:22.undergoing more surgeries, he started to improve a little bit.
:22:22. > :22:32.But the weekend of May 10th Alan contracted meningitis and suffered
:22:32. > :22:35.
:22:35. > :22:39.a stroke. Then for about two years Alan existed. Since 2001, almost
:22:39. > :22:48.7,000 American service personnel have been killed in Iraq and
:22:48. > :22:55.Afghanistan, 50,000 more wounded. Tell me what all this is? Ask him.
:22:55. > :23:01.One of the event's big donors and architect of America's foreign
:23:01. > :23:04.policy is America's former deputy secretary of defence. This is a
:23:04. > :23:08.demanding version of boot camp. They are pushed to do things they
:23:08. > :23:13.are afraid of and they thought they would never do before. Having done
:23:13. > :23:16.that it keeps them going through the year. When I was no longer
:23:16. > :23:22.having any official status to allow me to come I thought I want to
:23:22. > :23:26.still come but I can't come and say I was a former X, Y or Z. I thought
:23:26. > :23:36.the easist way is to be a sponsor. I could be a sponsor just giving
:23:36. > :23:41.
:23:41. > :23:45.money and not turning up. I turn up because I find it very satisfying.
:23:45. > :23:50.Sergeant Dino Cedeno lost his leg eight month ago. I grew up in
:23:50. > :23:53.Queens all my life. When we were attacked it changed lives. I was a
:23:53. > :23:58.New Yorker and I felt there was a debt to be paid. One way or another
:23:58. > :24:01.I could have done more than donate sandwiches and donate blood. We
:24:01. > :24:06.knew we were going for Afghanistan after we got back from Iraq, it was
:24:06. > :24:10.a matter of time. On a routine foot patrol his platoon entered the
:24:10. > :24:15.village, he could see the ground had been disturbed, all the signs
:24:15. > :24:18.of an IED. When I scanned and moved I couldn't find it t I know it is
:24:18. > :24:22.right there, it is so obvious, unless they are trying to trick you
:24:22. > :24:30.to come over here to mess around somewhere else. The next thing I
:24:30. > :24:34.know I wake up Stateside and in a world of pain. Back in the states
:24:34. > :24:44.Dino struggled with his injuries. I'm too proud to take my life. But
:24:44. > :24:45.
:24:45. > :24:49.for a long time it didn't sound like a bad idea. I didn't, I knew
:24:49. > :24:52.my left leg could be amputated right to the hip. I didn't know my
:24:52. > :24:57.near future, what it was. I begged my wife to get a divorce, she
:24:57. > :25:01.doesn't deserve this. I felt like I failed her, I failed my friend, I
:25:01. > :25:06.failed my buddies. Because they are over there fighting and I'm over
:25:06. > :25:16.here trying to piece myself together, I guess. I thought it was
:25:16. > :25:17.
:25:17. > :25:25.over. I did have a falling through with alcoholism but I realiseed it
:25:25. > :25:35.is not, I can't do it. It is no excuse for it. I can only cry so
:25:35. > :25:36.
:25:36. > :25:41.much. I can only look myself in a room and think woe is me for so
:25:41. > :25:46.long, I have to keep going. Slowly the process of healing began.
:25:46. > :25:49.very first or second day I was terrified, she popped me on the
:25:50. > :25:53.Walker and put that belt on me and literally kicked me, go, you will
:25:53. > :26:03.walk with one leg, you will hop. Want you to remember what it is
:26:03. > :26:04.
:26:04. > :26:10.like to be tall again. I wanted to quit. Previously a keen snowboarder,
:26:10. > :26:18.today is Dino's first time back on the slopes as an amputee. We are
:26:18. > :26:24.going to this way, we don't care, we are snowboarders, we are chill
:26:24. > :26:34.td axed we don't wear ski suits et cetera. Lock no. Confident, don't
:26:34. > :26:54.
:26:54. > :27:02.Heel side turn right from the start. When the opportunity came for me to
:27:02. > :27:07.starting to snowboarding I was thrilled, I was excited. But when
:27:07. > :27:13.it had the realisation kicking in that I'm an amputee, and it is no
:27:13. > :27:19.longer the same as it has been for the last 20 years I became angry. I
:27:19. > :27:29.was frustrated. Because now I have to relearn something I have loved
:27:29. > :27:30.
:27:30. > :27:35.doing. For crying out loud, my leg just popped off! The knee has
:27:35. > :27:41.several gyroscopes and microprocessors to constantly think
:27:41. > :27:46.I can go from a slow crawl to a full sprint. I can go up the stairs,
:27:46. > :27:50.down the stairs, down the hill, it knows the angles. I'm still
:27:50. > :28:00.learning how to use it. There is so many features behind it. It brought
:28:00. > :28:09.
:28:09. > :28:16.back a sense of normality to me. was nervous about coming here. I
:28:16. > :28:25.didn't know who these people were and I didn't know if they knew me
:28:25. > :28:35.or my situation so I was pretty much sceptical about this whole
:28:35. > :28:37.
:28:37. > :28:43.thing. We arrived not prepared for the emotions that we were going to
:28:43. > :28:52.experience watching, not just Alan ski, but blind skiiers on the side
:28:52. > :28:56.of the mountain and amputees. Saturday morning, before we got
:28:56. > :29:06.ready to leave I asked him what his favourite part of the clinic had
:29:06. > :29:06.
:29:06. > :29:12.been, fully expecting him to choose an activity. He said I felt normal.
:29:12. > :29:17.For a mother with his level of injuries and the impact that it had
:29:17. > :29:21.on our lives it was huge because for Alan to suddenly feel normal I
:29:21. > :29:31.was going to do whatever it took to get him involved in these types of
:29:31. > :29:33.
:29:33. > :29:43.things. At the end of the week I was feeling so much better about
:29:43. > :29:44.
:29:44. > :29:49.who I was. Yeah! How ya doing! consequences of war are highly
:29:49. > :29:53.visible here, what about those who make the decisions to go to war?
:29:53. > :29:58.have heard too much glib commentary that people who make these
:29:58. > :30:02.decisions don't appreciate what is involved. I think the people I have
:30:02. > :30:07.known who have had to make them, whether it was about Desert Storm
:30:07. > :30:13.20 years ago or about Afghanistan and Iraq Wars more recently are
:30:13. > :30:19.quite aware of how terrible it is. But they have to weigh the
:30:19. > :30:22.consequences of taking on those risks and dangers with the
:30:22. > :30:26.consequences of not taking them on. What I have gained in the last few
:30:26. > :30:34.days will give me the right ammunition to keep the fight at my
:30:34. > :30:41.job, to feel me, to physically push me out there. There isn't anything
:30:41. > :30:51.that this is going to stop me. is just day one of another 31 more
:30:51. > :30:51.
:30:51. > :31:01.years to go. It is a whole other way to start it. We're out of here.
:31:01. > :31:05.These are the cards I was dealt so I'm going to play my hand. I don't
:31:05. > :31:10.think any of us anticipated the level of injuries that some of
:31:10. > :31:16.these men and women were going to be coming home with. The impact
:31:16. > :31:26.that it would have on the rest of our lives because for us the war
:31:26. > :31:27.
:31:27. > :31:33.continues on a daily basis. That report from Jonathan Bell. The
:31:33. > :31:37.formal police statement just said that an 81-year-old man had been
:31:37. > :31:44.arrested in connection with the rape of a girl that occurred 41
:31:44. > :31:47.years ago, everyone knows the man is Bill Roache, the world's
:31:47. > :31:50.longest-serving soap car, playing Ken Barlow, he was tonight charged
:31:50. > :31:54.with two counts of rape. Are we entitled to know that before a
:31:54. > :32:00.single word has been heard in court. Recently Mr Roache recently claimed
:32:00. > :32:04.that anyone accused of rape should be entitled to the same anonymity
:32:04. > :32:07.grant today their alleged victims. Anybody can make an allegation,
:32:07. > :32:12.until an allegation is proven or going to court there should be
:32:12. > :32:16.anonymity for both parties. These people are instantly stigmatised,
:32:16. > :32:20.some will be innocent and some will not. Until such time as it is
:32:20. > :32:24.proven there should be anonymity for both. Let's discuss this now
:32:24. > :32:30.with Christine Hamilton, who along with her husband, the former MP
:32:30. > :32:36.Neil Hamilton were both falsely charged of sexual offences and with
:32:36. > :32:39.Sarah Green from the Campaign Group End Violence Against Women. You
:32:39. > :32:44.were falsely accused, you were never even charged, how long-
:32:44. > :32:46.lasting was the damage? We were accused of actual rape, not just a
:32:46. > :32:50.sexual offence. We were held at Barkingside Police Station, and
:32:50. > :32:54.that is when we were accused, for five hours. Which was a pretty
:32:54. > :32:58.horrendous experience. By the time we came out of the Police Station
:32:58. > :33:04.we were told we were being asked to go to Barkingside because nobody
:33:04. > :33:07.would know we were there. By the time we came out the whole media
:33:07. > :33:10.were there. Somebody told them they were there. We were on bail for two
:33:10. > :33:14.weeks before the police backed down and accepted that we had never even
:33:14. > :33:17.met the girl in question. I don't feel that our names should ever
:33:17. > :33:21.have been out there. The only reason that the world, if they
:33:21. > :33:29.wished to know, knows who she is, is because she sold her anonymity
:33:29. > :33:32.to the News of the World. I think what she did, her name is Nadine
:33:32. > :33:36.Milroy Sloane, I can say that because she took �50,000 in
:33:36. > :33:41.exchange for revealing her name from the News of the World, she did
:33:41. > :33:45.a massive disservice to genuine rape Vic tills, because any time a
:33:45. > :33:51.-- victim, because any time a girl like her calls wolf it makes it
:33:51. > :33:55.more difficult for a genuine victim to be heard. Let's loaf aside the
:33:55. > :33:59.particular circumstance of that particular -- leave aside a
:33:59. > :34:04.particular circumstance of a circumstance woman. This was a
:34:04. > :34:08.woman falsely accused and held up to public approbium and nothing
:34:08. > :34:12.happened? It is terrible to be accused of a crime that you haven't
:34:12. > :34:15.committed. There are provisions in place, including restricted
:34:15. > :34:18.reporting and contempt of court. Fundamentally the presumption of
:34:18. > :34:22.innocence, because it is not a conviction, it is about your name
:34:22. > :34:26.being known in the public sphere. We need to go right down to the
:34:26. > :34:29.legal basic, why do we know who is accused of a crime. In our legal
:34:29. > :34:32.system in the open justice system, part of our democratic ways of
:34:32. > :34:35.doing things, we know when someone is accused of a crime. The state
:34:35. > :34:39.makes that known in order that somebody who might be able to
:34:39. > :34:43.coroborate, somebody who might give extra testimony can come forward.
:34:43. > :34:46.Equally so somebody who can refute it and say no, that person didn't
:34:46. > :34:50.do it because they were with me that night. That is why we make the
:34:50. > :34:53.names of the accused known. We have a special exemption of victims of
:34:53. > :34:56.sexual offences, I think the mistake really comes in when we
:34:56. > :35:00.start saying there is parity between the two sides. There isn't
:35:00. > :35:04.parity between those accused of crimes and victims. We will come to
:35:04. > :35:09.the victims in a moment or two. What do you make of the argument
:35:09. > :35:13.that it service justice? In the vast majority of rape cases the two
:35:13. > :35:16.people concerned they know each other, there is usually absolutely
:35:16. > :35:19.no evidence whatsoever, it comes down to one person's word against
:35:19. > :35:22.another. If you say you need to name the alleged perpetrator
:35:22. > :35:26.because then other people will come forward. First of all you are
:35:26. > :35:29.assuming they are guilty. I don't like this phrase. It is not a
:35:29. > :35:32.presumption you are guilty, it is letting the community know that
:35:32. > :35:39.somebody has been ayes cues of a very serious crime. What is known
:35:39. > :35:41.about rape of the What if it is a tissue of lies. Our own criminal
:35:41. > :35:45.justice statistics show those who commit rape commit it again and
:35:45. > :35:48.again, and interviews with men who admit to committing rape show men
:35:48. > :35:52.commit it again and again. It is something we have to have on record.
:35:52. > :35:57.You are making the assumption that every man accused of rape is guilty
:35:57. > :36:03.of rape. I'm not making that presumption. The man unjustly
:36:03. > :36:07.accused of rape, let's take Bill Roache, I have to idea, let's sume
:36:07. > :36:10.he's 100% innocent, he's an internationally known star, his
:36:10. > :36:13.name is around the world, even if he's completely cleared at the end
:36:13. > :36:17.of the day and totally 100% innocent, there will always be a
:36:17. > :36:22.huge number of people who will think no smoke without fire. The
:36:22. > :36:25.person who accused him we will never know who they are. We have to
:36:25. > :36:29.depend in our open society with open justice we have to have the
:36:29. > :36:32.presumption of innocence. You were never convicted of everything.
:36:32. > :36:37.don't have open justice in this. You have to remember the protection
:36:37. > :36:41.is there for the victims. It don't apply in any other crime. It is a
:36:41. > :36:47.special crime, because of what rape and sexual offences are, because of
:36:47. > :36:51.who commits them and why and how. It should apply to the perpetrator?
:36:51. > :36:55.They are not equal parties, state is accusing someone of a crime, the
:36:55. > :36:59.witness is a person in their own place. The person is protected
:36:59. > :37:03.because of the known shame around sexual offences and many victims
:37:03. > :37:09.wouldn't report. There is no shame about being accused falsely? It is
:37:09. > :37:13.not the same. We only have to talk about Jimmy Savile and the evidence
:37:13. > :37:15.that emerged. The case in Rochdale and child grooming prosecutions
:37:15. > :37:19.where you have perpetrators committing many crimes against many
:37:19. > :37:25.victim who is are targeted usually because of their vulnerability.
:37:25. > :37:29.Girls and so on. They are not equal parties, they are not the same.
:37:29. > :37:34.have turned the whole basis of British justice on the head, ever
:37:34. > :37:37.since Magna Carta, the whole basis of the system is the accused and
:37:37. > :37:42.accuser should face each other in open court. It is not what happens,
:37:42. > :37:45.the state faces those accused. fully understand why people who
:37:45. > :37:51.have been raped want anonymity, I'm not saying they shouldn't have it.
:37:51. > :37:54.I just think, it used to be the case that everybody was named, or
:37:54. > :37:58.everybody was anonymous, I think the pendulum has swung too far.
:37:58. > :38:02.There are plenty of cases, I'm not going to name them, where the men
:38:02. > :38:06.have been accused and hung out to try and they have been proved to be
:38:06. > :38:09.innocent. We know who they are. If you name them you add to their
:38:09. > :38:13.agony. If the consequence of the change in the law you seek was that
:38:13. > :38:16.fewer rapists were convicted, would you think it was a good thing?
:38:16. > :38:20.is why the Government has thrown it out. The coalition Government
:38:20. > :38:23.looked at this and looked at the arguments made for having anonymity
:38:23. > :38:26.for those accused, they were deemed less significant than the damage
:38:26. > :38:30.that would be done by having anonymity. Let her answer the
:38:30. > :38:32.question. There is no law that you can frame that will be right in
:38:32. > :38:37.every circumstance, of course there isn't. It is not going to be
:38:37. > :38:40.possible to do that. I just feel that of course some men will get
:38:40. > :38:47.away with rape, of course they will. Men get away with it every day.
:38:47. > :38:50.can do something about it. Some women, we know they cry wolf.
:38:50. > :38:53.just in March the CPS published a very authoritative and
:38:53. > :38:56.comprehensive report on called false allegations, it looked at 18
:38:56. > :39:00.months of cases, a really interesting report and well
:39:00. > :39:03.reported, it looked at the fact that false allegations for rape are
:39:03. > :39:06.no different than they are for any other crime, they are single-
:39:06. > :39:10.significant statistics, it is a myth and very damaging rape myth
:39:10. > :39:13.that women make it up. It is not the case. Those who do, who are
:39:13. > :39:16.actually accused and found for doing false allegations tend to be
:39:16. > :39:20.very vulnerable people. It is almost impossible to come up with
:39:20. > :39:26.any statistics that are foolproof, by definition we don't know do we.
:39:26. > :39:31.I know the statistic that only 6% of rapes are coming to conviction,
:39:31. > :39:34.it is 6% of reported rapes. The CPS decides, it is not because a woman
:39:34. > :39:39.is lying it is just because the evidence is perhaps flimsy and they
:39:39. > :39:44.are not going to get a conviction. That is not why a lot of cases
:39:44. > :39:47.don't reach it is because victims have to pull out. Now for something
:39:47. > :39:52.entirely familiar, did Shakespeare write Shakespeare. People have been
:39:52. > :39:57.claiming that he was a front or a fraud for 150 years and really his
:39:57. > :40:03.plays were written by Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, the Earl of
:40:03. > :40:06.Oxford, Lord Lucan, Shergar or Dale Winton. Now, forgive the very sub-
:40:06. > :40:10.Shakespearian cliche, one of the grand old men of theatre has told
:40:10. > :40:16.everyone to snap out of it. When Peter Brook speaks, people tend to
:40:16. > :40:24.listen, Stephen Smith certainly did. I just wanted to write a short
:40:24. > :40:27.little familiar flet to make fun and destroy it by a -- pamphlet to
:40:27. > :40:33.make fun and destroy for once and for all that someone else wrote
:40:33. > :40:37.Shakespeare. While Peter Brook ought to know, the veteran director
:40:37. > :40:40.of Shakespeare, this was his Tempest, he's taking on the
:40:40. > :40:47.stubborn conspiracy theory surrounding the Bard. If he was a
:40:47. > :40:53.phoney, and didn't write the plays he would be derided by his rivals.
:40:53. > :40:58.There were many other writers and they were as bitchy and gelous as
:40:58. > :41:01.all writers were. Here was a successful writer, but nobody wrote
:41:01. > :41:08.a pamphlet, left a little note or stood at a street corner or stood
:41:08. > :41:13.up in a pub to say this guy is a fake. And it took two centuries
:41:13. > :41:22.before it suddenly occurred to somebody and that was this man with
:41:22. > :41:30.this good-given name of Mr Lun ee who defended Shakespeare. I know a
:41:30. > :41:37.bank where the wild thyme blows, where oxslips and the wild valleys
:41:37. > :41:44.grow. When plays like A Midsummer Night's Dream were put on, a
:41:44. > :41:49.century before the didgeridoos were added, Shakespeare must have been
:41:49. > :41:54.on hand to cover the awkward moments. When I did my first
:41:54. > :41:59.production at Stratford, in the middle of the first scene change,
:41:59. > :42:05.they were out on where the curtains closed, there was an enormous clash,
:42:05. > :42:09.all the scenery had collapsed. But he knew immediately that he had to
:42:09. > :42:13.find ways of improvising and filling in five minutes. Were you
:42:14. > :42:22.watching what was going through your mind? I was just hoping that
:42:22. > :42:26.he could go on filling it. He did it by, he had a little front stage
:42:26. > :42:33.speech to do, he did it by marvellous pauses, and filling them
:42:33. > :42:37.with a look and a smile. Brook directed this acclaimed adaptation
:42:37. > :42:46.of the Lord of the Flies. And the job before this was a musical in
:42:46. > :42:50.the West End, if you can believe it. But his reputation is as a prophet
:42:50. > :42:55.in the wildness, turning his back on easy hits, in favour of
:42:55. > :42:59.exploring Shakespeare in Africa, the Middle East and the Australian
:42:59. > :43:05.bush. There are directors who stay in this country who do very well,
:43:06. > :43:12.who accept various gongs and so on, and from their perspective you were
:43:12. > :43:16.roughing it out, you were out in the back of beyond sometimes.
:43:16. > :43:21.Because I mean all that is secondary. Never, never to be
:43:21. > :43:26.imprisoned by that need to do the next play, to make a hit, because
:43:26. > :43:33.you are in a series of hit and you have to continue with it. Never to
:43:33. > :43:36.this day have I done that. The rise and fall of President
:43:36. > :43:39.Hollande, unpopular with the French because of unemployment and the
:43:39. > :43:47.economy has been followed with interest by Peter Brook, who has
:43:47. > :43:55.lived and worked in Paris for many years. He is in very, very great
:43:55. > :44:00.trouble. Only time will show whether what a lot of people said
:44:00. > :44:07.before he was elected, which was that while he was apparently a
:44:07. > :44:12.charming, intelligent, witty cultivated man in every day life
:44:12. > :44:16.and had been secretary of the party for a long time, he never had any
:44:16. > :44:20.administrative expowerence at all in Government.
:44:20. > :44:25.Peter Brook, during his most recent excursion on to the London boards,
:44:25. > :44:32.he says he now favours the most strict back production possible.
:44:32. > :44:37.He's still a true believer in the power of theatre. Theatre cannot be
:44:37. > :44:44.a mass medium, and thank good television has taken its place. So
:44:44. > :44:50.it is no longer elitist to say that a theatre with 500 seats is doing a
:44:50. > :44:57.very valuable service to the 500 people who prefer to go there than
:44:57. > :45:04.to do 100 other things. What about the old country? How is that
:45:04. > :45:09.looking from the other end of the Eurostar tunnel? My impression is
:45:09. > :45:12.that what is strong in England, very strongly in London, very
:45:12. > :45:19.strongly in everything that's creative is that there is, once
:45:19. > :45:23.again, a tremendous vitality, a tremendous surge of creativity.
:45:23. > :45:31.People say that this was the conference of the Olympic Games,
:45:31. > :45:36.that is too easy an answer, but in the flux of time, this is returning.
:45:36. > :45:40.So England, I don't feel at the moment, is a defeated country.
:45:40. > :45:45.Although the problems are as big as anywhere in the continent. So the
:45:45. > :45:50.moment is ripe for you to return here, Peter? Maybe, why not.
:45:50. > :46:00.not. Why stay over there, why deny us. Because I have got so much
:46:00. > :46:23.
:46:23. > :46:26.going on! Tomorrow morning's front That's it, let us leave you with
:46:26. > :46:32.something rather astonishing, a clever bunch of people at IBM have
:46:32. > :46:37.made the smallest movie ever produced. They have manipulated
:46:37. > :46:40.individual atoms in a top-frame film. If you want to try it at home
:46:41. > :46:50.you need magnification of 100 million or so. This is individual
:46:51. > :46:51.
:46:51. > :47:31.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 40 seconds
:47:31. > :47:36.atoms, the very smallest particles Good evening. Tomorrow most places
:47:36. > :47:38.will begin on a dry, some what chilly note. We have got a bit more
:47:38. > :47:42.cloud to the south-east and the North West corner, but inbetween
:47:42. > :47:46.some sunny spells developing, across Scotland some rain generally,
:47:46. > :47:49.maybe a bit of hill snow mixed in there as well. A few rain showers
:47:49. > :47:55.by the afternoon, scattered across Northern Ireland. The rain could be
:47:56. > :47:59.quite heavy for the Western Isles, and temperatures in tornaway really
:47:59. > :48:03.struggling. -- Stornaway really struggling. Looking at highs and
:48:03. > :48:08.lows of 13, it might be a grey day. A better chance of keeping some
:48:08. > :48:12.sunshine for England and Wales. There is a small chance of a shower
:48:12. > :48:17.developing, you will be unlucky if you do catch un. 15-16 degrees
:48:17. > :48:21.could be possible, a few degrees higher in a few place, 17-18. For
:48:21. > :48:24.south-west England, the south coast having cloud. For North Devon and
:48:24. > :48:29.Cornwall we will keep hold of sunshine. A small risk of a shower
:48:29. > :48:32.for Wales. But overall it is dry and it is bright. On Friday the
:48:32. > :48:36.cloud increases to the North West, across Scotland and Northern
:48:36. > :48:39.Ireland, that rainband turns heavier and starts to move its way
:48:39. > :48:43.further south. Although it will cloud over across England and Wales,
:48:43. > :48:47.we are still just about keeping hold of sunshine for south-east