:00:14. > :00:21.It is a boy! The great Kate wait is over, the royal baby was born late
:00:21. > :00:24.this afternoon at a hospital in central London. The babies whose
:00:24. > :00:28.birth was proclaimed in traditional fashion at the palace is third in
:00:28. > :00:31.line to the throne. It may be a very long time before he becomes
:00:31. > :00:35.king. We will discuss with historians and writers what the
:00:35. > :00:38.secret will be of the monarchy's enduring popularity. David
:00:38. > :00:41.Cameron's on-line porn crackdown may be getting good headlines, but
:00:41. > :00:46.is it plausible, will the Government find it possible to
:00:46. > :00:51.control the Internet? The police minister Damien Green will tell us.
:00:51. > :00:56.The indie musician, Amanda Palmer, on how tabloid coverage of her
:00:56. > :01:00.wardrobe malfunction led her to take on the Daily Mail.
:01:00. > :01:03.# Dear Daily Mail, you still haven't answered my better
:01:03. > :01:12.# But tonight I'm being interviewed on Newsnight
:01:12. > :01:17.# And I think that's even better! Alaska the last frontier where the
:01:17. > :01:27.ice is getting thinner, we have a special report on the implications
:01:27. > :01:27.
:01:27. > :01:30.of climate change. Good evening, mother and baby, Royal Mother and
:01:30. > :01:40.Royal Baby doing well. The boy, third in line to the throne, was
:01:40. > :01:46.born just over six hours ago at 4.24pm. Weighing 8lbs and 6oz.
:01:46. > :01:50.Given the longevity of the House of Windsor it may be 60 years before
:01:50. > :01:54.he becomes kings. It brings a resurgence of an institution that
:01:54. > :01:59.has survived the difficulties of the 1990s and is nowadays
:01:59. > :02:02.overwhelmingly popular according to opinion polls. We will discuss this
:02:02. > :02:07.extraordinary alchemy in a few moments, first we have this.
:02:07. > :02:11.The third in line to the throne arrived at 4.24pm. The news came
:02:11. > :02:18.four hours later on the easal that had announced Prince William's
:02:18. > :02:23.birth. In a statement the Duke of Cambridge said the couple couldn't
:02:23. > :02:27.be happier, and it turned out neither could the rest of us.
:02:27. > :02:33.an important moment in the life of our nation, but I suppose above all
:02:33. > :02:37.it is a wonderful moment for a warm and loving couple who have got a
:02:37. > :02:42.brand-new baby boy. The official announcement will have come as a
:02:42. > :02:48.relief to St Mary's Hospital, which has put up with the "Kate wait"
:02:48. > :02:52.camp on its doorstep for the last three weeks. For centuries the
:02:52. > :02:56.practice was packed with people bearing witness to the royal birth.
:02:56. > :03:00.The Home Secretary was in the room until 1948. Today the appetite is
:03:00. > :03:05.still there to be there for the birth. It is just that it is taking
:03:05. > :03:10.place on the other side of the wall. With no actual facts to report for
:03:10. > :03:14.most of the day journalists took to interviewing each other. Newsnight
:03:14. > :03:18.was no exception. How many of these sorts of things have you covered,
:03:18. > :03:21.how many royal events? Quite a few. Have you covered a birth before?
:03:21. > :03:26.Yes. Have you ever known it like this? No because that was in the
:03:26. > :03:34.day of film, the days of modern technology everybody can come along
:03:34. > :03:40.and do this. And just immediate access worldwide access. Today if
:03:40. > :03:44.the royal baby is born, we are making breaking news. Why do you
:03:44. > :03:50.think it is such a big story in Japan? I think Japanese people
:03:50. > :03:54.really love the Royal Family. Because it shows the history of
:03:54. > :03:59.your country. There is a crisis with our monarchy so Spanish people
:03:59. > :04:07.don't like the Spanish monarchy a lot, they prefer to look at other
:04:07. > :04:12.monkeys, for example the British Monday -- other Monarchies, for
:04:12. > :04:17.example the British Monarchy. monarchy is bigger than your
:04:17. > :04:21.monarchy, why? Your monarchy is the biggest Monarchy in the world. When
:04:21. > :04:29.we think about the Monarchy in Europe we think about the British
:04:29. > :04:37.one. Your one is real, the others are a copy. What a difference two
:04:37. > :04:41.decades make. It has turned out to be an annus horribilus. In 1992 the
:04:41. > :04:45.Windsors were hardly role model material. It was the year that
:04:45. > :04:51.Princess Diana signalled the marriage to Prince Charles was over,
:04:51. > :04:55.by sitting alone at the monument to love. Windsor Castle almost burnt
:04:55. > :05:00.down, and five years later when Princess Diana died the Queen lost
:05:00. > :05:07.public support by appearing cold and aloof. Now the monarchy isn't
:05:07. > :05:14.kus in calmer waters, it can even a-- just in calmer waters, it can
:05:14. > :05:20.even afford to laugh at itself. Good evening Mr Bond. Good evening
:05:20. > :05:25.your majesty. The Royal Family is still around because it has been
:05:25. > :05:30.very successful at its first and only function which is to reproduce
:05:30. > :05:34.and to carry on. It has also survived the only serious attempt
:05:34. > :05:39.to do away with it in the 17th century. In Britain we don't
:05:39. > :05:43.particularly like the huge moments of constitutional reconstruction or
:05:43. > :05:46.change. So if the Royal Family is there, it is not doing anyone too
:05:46. > :05:51.much harm. It provides marvellous days like today or the Jubilee,
:05:51. > :06:01.where we can all have a little bit of a party. So why do away with it.
:06:01. > :06:05.It is actually managing to harness that combination of love, an inate
:06:05. > :06:07.conservatism and huge apathy that exists in this country. The Royal
:06:07. > :06:11.Family is not the only institution in Britain to be weakened in recent
:06:11. > :06:15.years, parliament, the church, our newspapers, and of course the BBC,
:06:15. > :06:24.have lost support. But perhaps the royals are the only ones to have
:06:24. > :06:29.come back stronger. With me now are the chief curator of the historic
:06:29. > :06:33.royal palaces, who is new documentary Secrets of the Royal
:06:33. > :06:38.Bed Chamber will be known on BBC Four, we have a Republican, and the
:06:38. > :06:43.author of The Great Survivors, how the monarchy made it into the 20th
:06:44. > :06:46.century. And Michael Wolf, contributing editor to Vanity Fair.
:06:46. > :06:51.Give us a sense of what you think this moment means for you and
:06:51. > :06:54.Britain? Well it is not a game- changer, a girl would have been
:06:54. > :06:58.more constitutionally and historically significant. It is a
:06:58. > :07:02.very important moment of history in an important institution. It is
:07:02. > :07:06.another plank supporting them. think it is a hereditary monarchy,
:07:06. > :07:09.the most important thing they have to do is reproduce, they have to
:07:09. > :07:12.produce an heir, that has happened today. I agree it would have been
:07:12. > :07:16.constitutionally a lot more interesting had it been a girl
:07:16. > :07:20.because the rules had been changed to make sure she would succeed to
:07:20. > :07:24.the throne. Still great, we should celebrate. I think in a country
:07:24. > :07:28.where equality is one of our core values and enshrined in our laws
:07:28. > :07:31.and international treaties and we have an Equality and Human Rights
:07:31. > :07:35.Commission, it is very weird to have this institution which is
:07:35. > :07:38.based on privilege and inherited privilege. I think, I'm sure the
:07:38. > :07:42.parents are very pleased about having this child, it is bad news
:07:42. > :07:45.for the institution. Because it means for the rest of the 21st
:07:45. > :07:48.century, unless something unexpected happens, we will not
:07:48. > :07:52.have any head of state who is anything other than a white man.
:07:52. > :07:56.Because there will be another 60 or 70 years? Or more, given the
:07:57. > :08:01.longevity of this family, we might have 30 years of Charles, 30 years
:08:01. > :08:04.of William and then this child. a republican you regret we are not
:08:04. > :08:08.having a girl? From my point of view it is a very good thing, I
:08:08. > :08:12.think a lot of institutions are under pressure because they haven't
:08:12. > :08:15.actually allowed women to assume a full role, now we are going to have
:08:15. > :08:22.an institution, a head of state, which absolutely excludes women for
:08:22. > :08:26.the whole of the century. I just wondered in New York how you see it
:08:26. > :08:30.from there. Why are so many American media over here going
:08:30. > :08:33.nuts? It is really quite extraordinary. If you think about
:08:33. > :08:39.it, you could go out on the street and nobody would know who David
:08:39. > :08:44.Cameron is. But out on the street now everyone is basically
:08:44. > :08:51.celebrating this birth. So if you are a professional cynic you would
:08:51. > :08:56.go, hmmm, go figure this. But I think it is, well, you know, I
:08:56. > :09:05.think that the Monarchy in addition to reproducing, the thing they have
:09:05. > :09:09.to do is stage incredible media events. This one seems successful.
:09:09. > :09:15.I heard a correspondent from CBS tonight saying you put them on the
:09:15. > :09:19.cover, you sell more magazines, is that partly what it is about?
:09:19. > :09:24.do sell more magazines. There is what we have combined here are the
:09:24. > :09:32.two things that Americans and especially American women love most
:09:32. > :09:36.which is a celebrity child and royalty, British royalty at that.
:09:36. > :09:39.Do you worry Lucy that this is what known about us abroad. As Michael
:09:39. > :09:43.said, they don't know who David Cameron is but they know who Kate
:09:43. > :09:46.and William are, they are superstars? My point of view this
:09:46. > :09:49.is brilliant, these Americans are the tourists coming to London and
:09:49. > :09:52.contributing �26 billion to the British economy, that money, from
:09:52. > :09:57.my point of view, is going into the conservation of historic buildings
:09:57. > :10:02.and helping people to learn about history. I'm not worried about that.
:10:02. > :10:05.If you don't like the institution, but do you accept that as a fact,
:10:05. > :10:11.people come here and love Britain as part of the Royal Family? There
:10:11. > :10:13.is not a shred of evidence on that, Republic did a Freedom of
:10:13. > :10:18.Information Act to visit Britain and asked for the evidence royal
:10:18. > :10:23.events bring in tourists. There is no evidence whatsoever. I was down
:10:23. > :10:27.at Buckingham Palace, there were only a few people there until 8.00.
:10:27. > :10:31.The media kept saying the masses are gathering and I couldn't see
:10:31. > :10:35.them. If Buckingham Palace was a museum and open to the public all
:10:35. > :10:40.the time, that would be terrific. In terms of museum there were those
:10:40. > :10:44.in the 1990s that thought the Royal Family would become museum pieces,
:10:44. > :10:48.after Diana's death, and a couple of years before that, there were
:10:48. > :10:51.various things that caused public image problems. How did they manage
:10:51. > :10:54.to rebuild, when so many British institutions, we heard it in the
:10:54. > :10:58.piece before that the BBC, the Catholic Church, the National
:10:58. > :11:01.Health Service, the Police, they have all been under the hammer, but
:11:01. > :11:05.the Royal Family is more popular now than perhaps ever? They
:11:05. > :11:11.obviously went through a very, very difficult period during the 1990s,
:11:11. > :11:16.basically due largely to the various martial break-ups. Most
:11:16. > :11:19.obviously Diana and Charles and Diana's death. One could say the
:11:19. > :11:23.outpouring of grief that surrounded and followed Diana's death showed
:11:23. > :11:27.that in fact the monarchy was in a good position in that people did
:11:27. > :11:32.care. People cared passionately about it. I think it is just a
:11:32. > :11:37.sense, it is the passage of time, these things get healed. These
:11:38. > :11:42.problems heal, people have gradually come to accept Camilla.
:11:42. > :11:46.One sees her poll ratings have gone up. The other divorces we had no-
:11:46. > :11:52.one really cares about them. happened before. You have written
:11:52. > :11:57.about the 1930s, the abdication for Victoria. She disappears off the
:11:57. > :12:02.scene in the 1870s through grief. There is a strong Republican
:12:02. > :12:07.Government, it is a pattern of long regin and they have issues and then
:12:07. > :12:12.come back, simply having survived. They have terrific resources to put
:12:12. > :12:15.into PR. If someone wants to give me �10 million to organise a
:12:15. > :12:19.festival of republicanism and democracy in this country I'm sure
:12:19. > :12:23.I could do it. I will come to you in a second. It is more than just
:12:23. > :12:26.PR, it is the sense that many people feel of continuity, nobody
:12:26. > :12:34.wants a President Blair or President Thatcher, they like the
:12:34. > :12:39.things work, even if they can find difficulty in rationalising.
:12:39. > :12:42.President Blair is a red herring, you have to be popular to win
:12:42. > :12:47.elections, as Blair is the most unpopular person in Britain he's
:12:47. > :12:50.unlikely to get far or stand. The most important point is they are an
:12:50. > :12:55.institution unto which we don't know very much about it. That is
:12:55. > :12:57.part of the selling point? Queen has become a kind of
:12:57. > :13:01.matriarchal mother of the nation figure, everything will change when
:13:01. > :13:05.Charles, a man whose letters to ministers are so intemperate that
:13:06. > :13:14.we can't see them because we find out his political views. You wanted
:13:14. > :13:20.to come in You shouldn't downplay the crisis aspect of this monarchy,
:13:20. > :13:26.they provided an enormous amount of drama. The newspapers and magazines
:13:26. > :13:34.that were sold during the 1980s and 1990s largly because of Diana are,
:13:34. > :13:38.actually the business went into the doldrums after Diana died. I think
:13:38. > :13:43.that this monarchy not only produces children but continually
:13:43. > :13:49.produces some kind of drama. But do you think, I'm thinking in terms of
:13:49. > :13:53.the Americans see us, do you see us as pretty much heritage Britain
:13:53. > :13:58.with the Royal Family at the core of it, rather than 21st century
:13:58. > :14:01.Britain who would like to build high-speed trains and do modern
:14:01. > :14:07.things? I can't think of a time that Britain has been less
:14:07. > :14:15.interesting to the US than now. You know I think that's probably for a
:14:15. > :14:22.full variety of reasons. Economically, the economics among
:14:22. > :14:32.them. Nevertheless, as I said, this monarchy thing is you can feel it
:14:32. > :14:34.in the street today. You are you are familiar with previous royal
:14:34. > :14:37.scandals, is there anything different. We have continuity of
:14:38. > :14:41.that as well as the other bits? What the House of wind dor seem to
:14:41. > :14:47.have, numerous members, this is very important, they have
:14:47. > :14:49.discipline as well, so with the Hanoverians there is different
:14:49. > :14:54.heirs available, but they were fighting against each other. It
:14:54. > :14:58.seems we see the long shadow of George V here, a man setting up
:14:58. > :15:03.systems on one hand to us they look cold and ruthless, but on the other
:15:03. > :15:09.hand they have been very successful. You know despite it all I think you
:15:09. > :15:13.would agree there is a sort of self-sacrificing dutiful aura to
:15:13. > :15:17.the senior members in the House of Windsor. I think if I were to
:15:17. > :15:20.announce here tonight that no woman, no black person, no Asian, probably
:15:20. > :15:23.no gay person can be head of state and represent this country in the
:15:23. > :15:29.world for the next century, people would say what on earth is wrong
:15:29. > :15:34.with this country. Even if you are right, in 06 years time when this
:15:34. > :15:40.baby -- 60 years time when this baby is perhaps the age when he
:15:40. > :15:46.becomes king there will still be a monarchy in Britain? I'm not sure
:15:46. > :15:50.it will be here. Why not pick another baby tonight and say he or
:15:50. > :15:54.she will become her reddity Prime Minister when this baby ascends to
:15:54. > :15:57.the throne, it is that silly. you confident in the Royal Family's
:15:57. > :16:02.ability to reinvent itself and continue? I think so, I don't see
:16:02. > :16:06.any reason why it shouldn't. They have done so far. If it were a
:16:06. > :16:10.question of a sort of gradual long- term reduction in popularity then
:16:10. > :16:15.one would say they have another 50 years or 60 years or whatever. But
:16:15. > :16:20.they do keep bouncing back. If you were to look at a graph of
:16:20. > :16:24.popularity over the years, it does follow a cycle. There is a natural
:16:24. > :16:27.life cycle to it. There are ages when potentially they become more
:16:27. > :16:32.troublesome, perhaps where marriages start to fall apart or
:16:32. > :16:35.whatever. They enter this later phase when they become veinerable,
:16:35. > :16:39.elderly institutions in their own right. It will still be one of the
:16:39. > :16:43.great paradoxs of our times that this great Republic you are sitting
:16:43. > :16:51.in right now is full of millions of people who love what goes on in a
:16:51. > :17:00.British Royal Family? Absolutely. And for one I'm always surprised by
:17:00. > :17:04.this. I for one amalso enamoured by the Royal Family. We have 30
:17:04. > :17:08.seconds less, what should they call him? He will have a whole load of
:17:08. > :17:11.names and make up his own mind in due course, that is a sensible way
:17:11. > :17:16.of doing it. Dodging the question. What about George, that seems to be
:17:16. > :17:20.one of the more popular names? is not very imaginative, but I
:17:20. > :17:24.think it would do wouldn't it? Imaginative is perhaps not the core
:17:24. > :17:28.value they are looking for. Joan I hesitate to ask you what they
:17:28. > :17:32.should call the baby? I couldn't careless, I'm more interested in
:17:33. > :17:41.Syria, frankly. Michael do you have a view? I think they should call it
:17:41. > :17:47.Michael! On that happy note we will leave it, thank you very much.
:17:47. > :17:53.In a moment. # Dear Daily mail # You still haven't answered my
:17:53. > :18:00.letter # But now I am being interviewed on
:18:00. > :18:04.Newsnight # I think that's even better!
:18:04. > :18:10.there was widespread praise today for the stated aim of the Prime
:18:10. > :18:17.Minister to protect children from what he called "pos sonous
:18:17. > :18:22.websites" where they can access porn. There were doubts about
:18:22. > :18:27.whether the suggested methods would do the job. It includes family-
:18:27. > :18:30.friendly filters to block porn websites, making the possession of
:18:30. > :18:34.pornography with violent rape scenes illegal, and telling
:18:34. > :18:38.companies like Google they have until October to figure out how to
:18:38. > :18:44.block searches based on certain phrases.
:18:44. > :18:49.At the heart of this debate is a question, "whose responsibility is
:18:49. > :18:55.it to police the Internet"? To stop both the illegal but also what some
:18:55. > :18:59.consider the distasteful being watched and consumed. In a speech
:18:59. > :19:03.to a children's charity today the Prime Minister said anyone signing
:19:03. > :19:07.up to a new broadband account will see a family-friendly version of
:19:07. > :19:14.the internet and unless they click a box and make a decision to turn
:19:14. > :19:19.that filter off. Over a third of children have received a sexual
:19:19. > :19:22.low- explicit text or e-mail. In a recent survey said a quarter of
:19:22. > :19:26.children had seen pornography that had upset them. It is happening and
:19:26. > :19:31.it is happening on our watch as adults. The effect it can have can
:19:32. > :19:35.be devastating. Effectively are children are growing up too fast.
:19:35. > :19:40.The technical details of this are important, under Government plans
:19:40. > :19:46.the adult who pays the broadband bill will have to untick a box if
:19:46. > :19:49.they want to see websites featuring adult material, from porn to
:19:49. > :19:53.violence, self-harm and suicide. Blocked sites would then be
:19:53. > :19:58.filtered out by the broadband company itself. All devices which
:19:58. > :20:02.use the home's Wi-Fi network should be stopped from accessing those
:20:02. > :20:08.pages. The UK's biggest internet service providers, or ISPs have
:20:08. > :20:10.signed up. Meaning 95% of homes in the UK should be covered. New
:20:10. > :20:17.broadband customers will be the first to have to make this choice,
:20:17. > :20:21.though the idea will then be extended to all existing users. On
:20:21. > :20:25.the whole ISPs have been cautious about a system like this. Partly
:20:25. > :20:30.because they say it encourages parents to be complacent. Today
:20:30. > :20:34.critics of the plan say it is already out of date and easily
:20:34. > :20:38.bypassed by any tech-savvy teenager. What the Government has announced
:20:38. > :20:42.today is a pious hope that technology will fix a social
:20:42. > :20:46.problem. And that technology will not fix that problem because the
:20:46. > :20:51.sort of filters which they are proposing to have deployed are
:20:51. > :20:56.relatively easy for people to evade. Children stpiend it extremely easy
:20:56. > :21:00.already to get on to -- find it extremely easy already to get on to
:21:00. > :21:08.Facebook at school, and they will find it just as easy to get on to
:21:08. > :21:15.porn sites on computer at home. Last week the Prime Minister met
:21:15. > :21:20.the families of Tia Sharpe and April Jones whose killers watched
:21:20. > :21:24.child sexual images. Today he said he would make it against the law to
:21:24. > :21:31.own pornography depicting rape, and blocking searches for what is
:21:31. > :21:35.likely to be illegal material. have a message for Google, Bing
:21:35. > :21:39.Yahoo and the rest, you have a duty to do this and it is a moral duty.
:21:39. > :21:42.That message was well received for groups campaigning against sexual
:21:42. > :21:46.violence, but the Internet is constantly changing, many question
:21:46. > :21:54.whether it will be ever possible to really control what anyone watches
:21:54. > :21:58.on-line. The Policing Minister is here. Many, many people, including
:21:58. > :22:02.the pop position have said we like the aim of it -- including the
:22:02. > :22:04.opposition have said we like the aim of it trying to do something
:22:04. > :22:08.about particularly children having access to pornography. They think
:22:09. > :22:14.the details are a bit woolly. Isn't the parents' responsibility to sort
:22:14. > :22:19.out whether there is a filter or not on their computer? It is, this
:22:19. > :22:22.makes it easier for them to do it. They could do it? A lot of people
:22:22. > :22:26.don't know how to. What the Internet providers can do is make
:22:26. > :22:32.it really easy. When you get a new system at home, you will have a box
:22:32. > :22:35.that says if you just carry on then you will have the filters on, so
:22:35. > :22:39.you have to take a conscious decision, which as an adult you can
:22:39. > :22:44.do, saying you don't want filters on. If you have children you don't
:22:44. > :22:48.want to see it you tick the right button. This is a false sense of
:22:48. > :22:51.security, as a parent I have ticked that box, job done I can forget
:22:51. > :22:56.about it, the kid can either get round it or get the stuff from
:22:56. > :23:02.school or friends and even see some pretty nasty Stuff in the news
:23:02. > :23:08.agent. Its not a panacea? The news agent is an interesting analogy,
:23:08. > :23:12.they used to call them top-shelf magazines to some children buying
:23:12. > :23:15.them. As technology what we try to protect children from is still the
:23:15. > :23:18.same. The way we do it needs to change. That is what today's raft
:23:18. > :23:22.of measures is about. A false sense of security may be right if you as
:23:23. > :23:26.a parent think all I do is tick this box and then my child at home
:23:26. > :23:32.will be protected? At the moment you don't have that option and your
:23:32. > :23:35.child may well not be protected and many parents who are indeed more
:23:35. > :23:38.ignorant about the Internet than their children have absolutely no
:23:38. > :23:42.protection. There is no single magic bullet that will solve all of
:23:42. > :23:46.this. What you have to do is for parents and Governments and
:23:46. > :23:51.internet service providers and search engines all to accept some
:23:51. > :23:55.responsibility here. When it comes to images of children being abused,
:23:55. > :23:59.those unanimous support, something has to be done. The question is
:23:59. > :24:03.whether this something is the right something. Google put it today that
:24:04. > :24:08.they have a "zero tolerance" to child sex abuse imagery, whenever
:24:08. > :24:11.they discover it they respond quickly to remove and report it.
:24:11. > :24:14.What more do they have to do that they are not doing already? They
:24:14. > :24:18.are talking about imagery. What the Prime Minister is talking about are
:24:18. > :24:23.search terms that we know the search terms that people use. Some
:24:23. > :24:28.of which are particularly violent and not to be said on television.
:24:28. > :24:31.You get round that by changing the terms? In which case regulators,
:24:31. > :24:36.the police operations like CEOP will be able to follow this, they
:24:36. > :24:42.will be able to change the terms which will provide a nil return,
:24:42. > :24:46.you won't get images. The former head of CEOP said there are 50,000
:24:46. > :24:51.predators downloading images from peer-to-peer, passing them between
:24:51. > :24:56.themselves, only 192 were arrested last year, that is simply not good
:24:57. > :24:59.enough. I assume you agree with that it is not good enough? One of
:24:59. > :25:04.the things CEOP will be concentrating on now is very much
:25:04. > :25:09.the hardcore, those using peer-to- peer, they will be habitual users
:25:09. > :25:14.of child abuse images, and CEOP can concentrate on that. At the same
:25:14. > :25:18.time, you have to do other things at the start of the process of
:25:18. > :25:23.people for the first time thinking shall I look at these images?
:25:23. > :25:27.That's what innovations like these pages that warn you off when you
:25:27. > :25:30.try to do this. There are ways around it, people are cunning when
:25:30. > :25:34.they use that, otherwise there wouldn't be peer-to-peer traffic
:25:34. > :25:39.and using different ISPs and using American or other identities to get
:25:39. > :25:43.round the system can't you? You can try, we have never stamped out
:25:43. > :25:46.burglary or murder, that doesn't mean you shouldn't pass laws
:25:46. > :25:50.against crimes. We all agree child abuse is a particularly vile crime.
:25:50. > :25:53.There is enforcement, that was the point, you have to get these people
:25:53. > :25:56.nailed, it is not simply about making sure certain words are
:25:56. > :26:01.difficult to find on the internet? That is part of it, it stops people
:26:01. > :26:06.going on a journey that may end up with them using peer-to-peer
:26:06. > :26:09.sharing of vile images. At CEOP it needs better international
:26:09. > :26:13.connections, that is why we are making it part of the National
:26:13. > :26:17.Crime Agency. It is going to set up a national image database to make
:26:17. > :26:21.it easier for all police forces to know what the images are that
:26:21. > :26:25.reveal the predators. There is one other area of this that the Prime
:26:25. > :26:31.Minister touched on today which is extreme pornography, making the
:26:31. > :26:35.possession of simulated rape, violent simulated rape illegal. Now
:26:35. > :26:40.this may be very distasteful, why if people want to engage and film
:26:40. > :26:44.that kind of stuff for themselves, why should that become illegal?
:26:44. > :26:50.is particularly for children, it is the problem, it is almost always
:26:50. > :26:54.young boys accessing it, it is just warping their view of sexuality.
:26:54. > :26:57.There is nothing new in having that particular type of pornography
:26:57. > :27:00.illegal, it is already illegal in Scotland. What we want to do is
:27:00. > :27:04.replicate in England and Wales what already happens in Scotland. That
:27:04. > :27:10.is the sort of stuff that even in fairly mainstream but tough films
:27:10. > :27:13.you can see that kind of, Straw Dogs in 1971 caused a real furore
:27:13. > :27:20.over that, you can see it? Anything that has a film classification
:27:20. > :27:24.wouldn't be covered by this, that's not aimed at if you like the
:27:24. > :27:26.pornography market. That is a film. If the British Board of Film
:27:26. > :27:29.Classification gives it a certificate, it is not covered by
:27:30. > :27:33.these rules. Just to be clear, people filming themselves, if they
:27:33. > :27:38.get some pleasure, adults filming themselves for their own use, that
:27:38. > :27:43.could be covered by this? If they put it on-line so that 12-year-old
:27:43. > :27:53.boys can look at it, then that's what we want to stop. One final
:27:53. > :28:00.
:28:00. > :28:04.point, there is a quote from Index and Sensor yp, is saying that
:28:04. > :28:10.things for people with questions about sexuality might be covered by
:28:10. > :28:14.this? If you type in "child sex" it can come up with a question saying
:28:14. > :28:18."are you talking about child sex education" if you are, it will give
:28:18. > :28:24.you a list of sites about child sex education that will not be showing
:28:24. > :28:29.child abuse images. There are ways to device filters to ask you
:28:29. > :28:33.questions if you are legitimately searching you can carry on.
:28:33. > :28:38.Imagine if you can that you are on the stage at the world's leading
:28:38. > :28:41.rock festival, Glastonbury, when you have what the tabloid's call a
:28:41. > :28:47.wardrobe malfunction. Then a very popular newspaper on-line website
:28:47. > :28:50.said you made a bit of a boob on yourself. Publishing a picture so
:28:50. > :28:55.that everyone understands the boob you have in mind. What do you do?
:28:55. > :29:00.If you are the singer-songwriter Amanda Palmer, whose performances
:29:00. > :29:06.often involve nudity, you are bemused and essentially write a
:29:06. > :29:12.song in reply. # Dear Daily Mail
:29:12. > :29:18.# There is a search engine music # If you googled my tits
:29:18. > :29:21.# You would have found my boobs # Were hardly exclusive. It is the
:29:21. > :29:25.world's most visited website they say, but is the web machine dealing
:29:25. > :29:30.with something new here. They couldn't see the exchange that was
:29:30. > :29:35.happening between me and my crowd, an exchange fair to us but alien to
:29:35. > :29:40.them. Celebrity is about a lot of people loving you from a distance.
:29:40. > :29:46.But the Internet and the content that we are freely able to share on
:29:46. > :29:52.it are taking us back, it is about a few people loving you up close
:29:52. > :29:56.and about those people being enough. I met Amanda Palmer earlier today
:29:56. > :30:00.to hear her views on how she had made the news. The first thing I
:30:00. > :30:08.thought was someone sent me the link to the Daily Mail on Twitter,
:30:08. > :30:13.the first thing I thought was that the Daily Mail doesn't know me if
:30:13. > :30:17.they are writing a song about my breasts being exposed. Especially
:30:17. > :30:24.because I did this TED talk a few months ago, a feature part of the
:30:24. > :30:30.talk is a photograph of me is naked and my fans drawing on me.
:30:30. > :30:34.breast had escaped? You have had a record? My entire body had escaped.
:30:34. > :30:39.Obviously the Daily Mail is not going to care one way or another if
:30:39. > :30:43.I'm the kind of performance artist who gets naked, they know they have
:30:43. > :30:48.caught a photograph of a woman you know with her breasts slightly
:30:48. > :30:51.exposed. Actually the context is irrelevant. Whether or not they
:30:51. > :30:55.knew I was the sort of person who get naked at other times doesn't
:30:55. > :31:00.matter to them because they know it doesn't really matter to readers.
:31:00. > :31:04.suppose when this kind of story comes up, it is always said it is
:31:04. > :31:11.just a bit of fun, and also this is a very, you know, one of the best-
:31:11. > :31:16.selling newspapers in the world. People seem to like it? Hurray for
:31:16. > :31:22.them! Your husband is British, did he not warn you about this? Well my
:31:22. > :31:28.husband is British, and he's done a very good job at educating me about
:31:28. > :31:31.the varieties of British press and how actually how the British press
:31:31. > :31:37.differs in its approach in a lot of ways from the American press. For
:31:37. > :31:41.instance I just had an article in the Guardian that I was sort of
:31:41. > :31:45.upset by but the British people who read it were like no, no, the
:31:45. > :31:50.British do this thing. They tear you apart but at the very end they
:31:50. > :31:55.say they like you. That is a very British press approach. You know,
:31:55. > :32:01.as Americans we have different sets of filters and stuff. But I didn't
:32:01. > :32:07.really understand the nature of the Daily Mail until after I wrote my
:32:07. > :32:12.song response. And watched the dialogue around it erupt. The
:32:12. > :32:18.Americans don't really have an equivalent newspaper to the Daily
:32:18. > :32:23.Mail that is kind of part right- wing agenda but part tabloid. You
:32:23. > :32:26.know we have our tabloids but our tabloids are kind of cute and
:32:26. > :32:29.harmless. People pick them up at supermarkets but they are really
:32:30. > :32:34.just you know, there is not enough content in them, there is not
:32:34. > :32:38.enough attention on them to revile them. Where as the Daily Mail seems
:32:39. > :32:47.to be nationally despised. You say "despised", but it does sell, it
:32:47. > :32:51.sells very well? I think probably in the circles I travel in it's
:32:51. > :32:55.despised. I'm hanging out with a certain type of person. I'm really
:32:55. > :32:59.shocked that you don't hang out with a lot of people that don't
:32:59. > :33:02.gravitate to the Daily Mail, that surprises me? It tells you a lot
:33:02. > :33:07.about, and this is very true in America, how deeply divided culture
:33:07. > :33:11.is. There can be a whole world happening that you are unaware of
:33:12. > :33:14.in your day-to-day existence. talk about music business,
:33:14. > :33:18.musicians and writers and journalists all have relationships
:33:18. > :33:24.with their audience, what is the difference between the relationship
:33:24. > :33:34.you have with your audience and the Daily Mail has with its? I don't
:33:34. > :33:36.
:33:36. > :33:42.know if anybody really loves deeply, passionately, loves the Daily Mail.
:33:42. > :33:47.(music) Was that a plus one. What was that? The doorbell. How did you
:33:47. > :33:51.do that!? Magic.Let's talk a bit about music business, there is one
:33:51. > :33:53.parallel between newspapers in this country and in America and the
:33:53. > :33:57.music business, which is nobody really knows how to make money out
:33:57. > :34:03.of the digital age. Musicians certainly don't? I think what you
:34:03. > :34:07.are seeing now with things like Kickstarter and Crowdfunding and
:34:07. > :34:10.the aspects of patronage happening on the Internet is a new more
:34:10. > :34:17.internet relationship between artists and the people who love
:34:17. > :34:22.them. Because before you just had this giant wall inbetween of
:34:22. > :34:28.commerce. So this year I'm going all over the globe to Australia,
:34:28. > :34:34.Africa and Oslo and Israel and Canada and everywhere to deliver
:34:34. > :34:38.House Party that sold on Kickstarter for $5,000 each. They
:34:38. > :34:43.were groups of fans who gathered together and organised themselves
:34:43. > :34:48.and threw down money for a party. And especially in places where I
:34:48. > :34:51.don't normally tour and they paid for me to come. The Kickstarter got
:34:51. > :34:57.all sorts of attention for all sorts of reasons, that is the most
:34:57. > :35:03.impressive element of the Kickstarters, and all those who
:35:03. > :35:06.wanted me to play at the time started Facebook pages and trusted
:35:06. > :35:12.each other and threw down their money and put it in a bank by one
:35:12. > :35:20.person, they did it all without agents, or managers or anything,
:35:20. > :35:24.just with trust and grassroots people. You have a million
:35:24. > :35:28.followers on twitter and you have these parties, is there a time when
:35:28. > :35:35.you won't engage with the audience and you will rather be alone and
:35:35. > :35:39.cut yourself off and do what a lot of other artists have done?
:35:39. > :35:44.Because I got into music to begin with. I started writing songs and
:35:44. > :35:46.wanted to make art because I liked connecting with people so much. Not
:35:46. > :35:50.the other way round. I don't connect with people because I have
:35:50. > :35:57.to do that in order to spread my art around. It is backwards. I
:35:57. > :36:02.don't think I'm ever going to pull a JD Sallinger, I'm not the type.
:36:02. > :36:06.Thank you very much. Alaska is a land of pristine
:36:06. > :36:10.wilderness, sparse population and extraordinarily rich resources. It
:36:10. > :36:14.is also one of the corners of our planet experiencing the most
:36:14. > :36:20.dramatic effects of climate change. The carbon economy that made Alaska
:36:20. > :36:29.rich is threatening the state's ecosystem. And presenting the US,
:36:29. > :36:34.the world's second-largest carbon emitter with a huge challenge.
:36:34. > :36:43.Kivalina, an Innuit settlement on the far North West coast of Alaska.
:36:43. > :36:48.Home to 400 indigenous people whose lives depend on hunting and fishing.
:36:48. > :36:52.These waters have sustained them for generations. But now the
:36:52. > :36:59.dramatic warming of the Arctic north and the retreat of the sea
:36:59. > :37:03.ice has left Kivalina cruelly exposed. Thick sea ice used to
:37:03. > :37:07.protect Kivalina from the worst effects of coastal erosion, not any
:37:07. > :37:14.more. In recent years the village has faced the threat of being
:37:14. > :37:20.washed away, which is why the US Army Corps of Engineers built this
:37:20. > :37:23.defensive wall of rocks to keep the sea at bay. But it is only a
:37:23. > :37:31.temporary solution. The engineers themselves reckon that Kivalina
:37:31. > :37:37.could be uninhabitable within a decade. Kivalina is one of several
:37:37. > :37:40.Innuit coastal settlements facing imminent destruction. These
:37:40. > :37:49.villagers are destined to be America's first climate change
:37:49. > :37:52.refugees. Relocating Kivalina to higher ground would cost several
:37:52. > :37:58.hundred million dollars, community leaders in the village responded to
:37:58. > :38:02.their might by suing a host of big oil companies. Claiming they
:38:02. > :38:09.conspired to downplay the link between climate change and carbon
:38:09. > :38:15.emissions. But the case was rejected. When you heard that the
:38:15. > :38:25.US Supreme Court of not prepared to hear your case how did you feel?
:38:25. > :38:25.
:38:25. > :38:29.Not surprised. We failed in court, but I think we have gotten
:38:29. > :38:34.hopefully the attention of a lot of people who need to be paying
:38:34. > :38:42.attention, because everyone is impacted. It is not just Kivalina.
:38:42. > :38:52.It is everyone. Do you feel that your voices are heard in Washington
:38:52. > :38:58.DC? They listen to what you have to say. But they never take any real
:38:58. > :39:05.action. They will put a bandaid on a situation, that is what all
:39:05. > :39:13.disaster responses are bandaids. Beyond Kivalina there are no roads,
:39:13. > :39:17.just the vast expanse of Alaska's Arctic tundra. And at the most
:39:17. > :39:23.northerly tip of the state the town of Barrow, much closer to the North
:39:23. > :39:31.Pole than Washington DC. This is America's very own climate change
:39:31. > :39:34.frontline. Barrow is known as the Arctic's
:39:35. > :39:44.science city, here researchers track the profound changes in the
:39:44. > :39:50.Arctic climate. Escorted by an armed bear guard I head east out of
:39:50. > :39:54.Barrow on an all-terrain vehicle. With the summer melt under way this,
:39:54. > :40:04.a last chance to drive over the sea ice, without the risk of falling
:40:04. > :40:10.
:40:10. > :40:16.through. The results of years of field work show the ice is getting
:40:16. > :40:26.thinner and younger. It rarely lasts for more than three or four
:40:26. > :40:26.
:40:26. > :40:30.years. The total volume of Arctic ice has fallen by more than half in
:40:30. > :40:40.a generation. Some scientists now talk of the death spiral of the
:40:40. > :40:49.Arctic ice. Explain to me why it is such a big problem that the ice is
:40:49. > :40:54.disappearing? Basically the poles cool planet. As we lose the ice it
:40:54. > :40:56.is the ability to cool the planet decreasing. All the surfaces that
:40:57. > :41:03.is reflecting the sun out and keeping the planet cooler will be
:41:03. > :41:07.gone. But the other thing is you could think about a glass of water.
:41:07. > :41:10.With ice-cubes in it. That glass of water is going to stay cold until
:41:10. > :41:16.all that ice is gone. The minute that ice is gone then it can start
:41:16. > :41:21.really heating up. And so you think about you take that analogy to the
:41:21. > :41:27.whole planet, you basically have a planet with ice at the poles. We're
:41:27. > :41:35.heating up that planet but the ice is buffering that heat. Once the
:41:35. > :41:37.ice is gone global warming will have a bigger toll.
:41:37. > :41:46.Alaska's significance in the climate story is about cause as
:41:47. > :41:55.well as effect. Alaska's North Slope is America's biggest oil
:41:55. > :41:58.field. The US is desperate to tap new sources of Alaskan oil.
:41:58. > :42:02.Offshore Shell has begun exploratory Arctic drilling,
:42:02. > :42:08.despite a chorus of disapproval from environmental groups. Those
:42:08. > :42:13.concerns grew louder when a rig ran aground off the Alaskan coast.
:42:13. > :42:19.Operations are now currently suspended. But the prize is too
:42:19. > :42:27.valuable to ignore. 13% of the world's undiscovered oil and 30% of
:42:27. > :42:32.natural gas assets are thought to lie within the Artic Circle. Kara
:42:32. > :42:36.Moriarty, if Alaska were a country or nation it would be one of the
:42:36. > :42:43.most oil-dependant in economic terms in the whole of the world. Do
:42:43. > :42:48.you think that it is sustainable in the future? Many consume 19 million
:42:48. > :42:53.barrels of oil a day. And the forecast for that supply and demand
:42:53. > :42:59.is in the 20 million barrels per day for the next 30-40 years. So
:42:59. > :43:03.where do you want that oil coming from? Do you want it to come from a
:43:03. > :43:09.state like Alaska, where we take care of our environment, we comply
:43:09. > :43:14.with very stringent environmental standards, we are Alaskans. We want
:43:14. > :43:18.our ecosystems to remain. With respect your industry doesn't have
:43:18. > :43:24.the greatest track record, I'm not just thinking about what Exxon
:43:24. > :43:29.Valdez and the oil spill and what it did to your reputation in Alaska.
:43:29. > :43:34.I'm thinking about the chuck chi and Bering Sea, shell pushing ahead
:43:34. > :43:41.with oil exploration having to pause the operation? The reality is
:43:41. > :43:47.there are 27 billion barrels of oil in the Chukchi Sea. They should
:43:47. > :43:52.probably say there? I disagree, we have safely drilled 30 wells in the
:43:52. > :43:57.Arctic in the 1980s, five or six in the Chukchi Sea, it can be done.
:43:57. > :44:02.I'm confident it will be done. I'm confident it will be done safely.
:44:02. > :44:07.Even the boss of another oil company, Total in France, has
:44:07. > :44:10.looked at the Arctic and said the risks are too big, a spell would do
:44:10. > :44:16.too much damage? The Arctic is going to be developed. And who do
:44:16. > :44:20.we want in the lead. Do we want a country like Russia who doesn't
:44:20. > :44:26.have the same type of environmental standards to be the first to
:44:27. > :44:31.develop Arctic oil? Or do you want it to be the United States?
:44:31. > :44:37.Last month President Obama pledged significant action, not just words
:44:37. > :44:43.to combat climate change. Thank you Georges town.
:44:43. > :44:49.-- George town. I refuse to condemn your generation and future
:44:49. > :44:54.generations to a planet that is beyond fixing. That's why today I'm
:44:54. > :44:59.announcing a new national climate action plan and I'm here to en list
:44:59. > :45:07.your generation's help in keeping the United States of America a
:45:07. > :45:11.leader, a global leader in the fight against climate change.
:45:11. > :45:17.Anchorage the President's words met with little more than a shrug.
:45:17. > :45:23.This city the whole state owe their existence to oil. Revenues from the
:45:23. > :45:26.industry make up more than 90% of the state budget. The federal
:45:26. > :45:30.Government knew that Alaska would have a hard time making it
:45:30. > :45:37.economically unless it had a good solid resource base to work off.
:45:37. > :45:43.Fogels, at Alaska's Department for Natural Resources, said his state
:45:43. > :45:46.has no choice but to exploit the riches within the vast territory.
:45:46. > :45:50.Ed Fogels, I'm interested if the people at the top of the department,
:45:50. > :45:55.like yourself, are now saying to yourselves, climate change, man-
:45:55. > :45:59.made climate change is a real issue and we have to factor it in to the
:45:59. > :46:04.calculation we make about what to exploit, how to exploit and when to
:46:04. > :46:08.exploit our resources. Let me ask you this, how would you propose
:46:08. > :46:12.that happens. People bring that up a lot. When you are managing
:46:12. > :46:16.natural resources to provide for your people, I mean how do you draw
:46:16. > :46:21.a line somewhere and say well we are only going to develop X million
:46:21. > :46:26.barrels of oil because we think that is going to contribute this
:46:26. > :46:29.much to climate change and if we develop one patrol more it will
:46:29. > :46:35.contribute more to climate change. That is an impossible determination
:46:35. > :46:41.to make. The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on
:46:42. > :46:46.earth. That in turn may encourage more resource exploitation in
:46:46. > :46:51.Alaska, more carbon emissions, adding to the warming trend.
:46:51. > :46:56.Scientists would call that a positive feedback effect. For
:46:56. > :47:03.Alaskans, on the climate change frontline, and for the planet, it
:47:03. > :47:13.may be not be positive at all. You can see the first part of his
:47:13. > :47:45.
:47:45. > :47:55.Hardtalk on the road in Alaska at That's it for tonight, back with
:47:55. > :48:15.
:48:15. > :48:19.more tomorrow. Good evening, it is the classic
:48:19. > :48:24.situation after a number of days of heat and humidity come the
:48:24. > :48:26.thunderstorms. They are going to be big through the course of Tuesday.
:48:26. > :48:30.Rattling their way northwards through the country, a number of us
:48:30. > :48:32.will get the downpours, some of us will miss them, this is the scene
:48:32. > :48:37.through Northern Ireland in the middle of the afternoon.
:48:37. > :48:40.Temperature on the fresh side, 18 degrees with showers. At this stage
:48:40. > :48:43.across eastern and Scotland there will be some downpours around,
:48:43. > :48:48.later in the day that is when it could get bad. For northern England
:48:48. > :48:52.this is where the downpours are, we can take these areas of blue, it
:48:52. > :48:56.could be almost anywhere across England, basically the whole
:48:56. > :49:00.atmosphere across the UK is waiting to erupt to create those big
:49:00. > :49:05.thunder clouds with that. Hail and gusty winds, in a sport space of
:49:05. > :49:09.time we could see a lot of rain. Not too much rainfall or thunder