:00:09. > :00:16.A tonight the companies employing our teenagers for no wages. The new
:00:16. > :00:19.reality of the jobs market or state-sanctioned exploitation.
:00:19. > :00:22.Remember this? Tonight all will be revealed, it is called the Internet
:00:22. > :00:31.of things, and it is going to change your life. And...Hello
:00:31. > :00:43.Newsnight, I'm Usain Bolt, I'm a phenomenon and a legend.
:00:43. > :00:49.Hello good evening. We will have a look at the explosives new
:00:49. > :00:54.biography Kevin McBride. First this programme has learned that one of
:00:55. > :01:00.the best new repair firms for cars is using a Government scheme to
:01:00. > :01:10.recruit workers for free. Kwik Fit has offered young people work for
:01:10. > :01:15.nothing. The company gets £1600 for each rainy, they get nothing. --
:01:15. > :01:21.trainee. How do you see it? Cars are my passion, always has
:01:21. > :01:26.been, ever since I was a little boy. When it comes to cars the best way
:01:26. > :01:30.of learning is hands on, that is probably, my favourite way. For
:01:30. > :01:37.thousands of teenager, this is the very first step on a very long
:01:37. > :01:41.ladder. These apprentices are the lucky one, with youth unemployment
:01:41. > :01:48.still nudging in a million, it is harder than ever to get nearer that
:01:48. > :01:52.dream job. It is hard to get jobs, it is hard to like us to get into
:01:53. > :01:56.the apprenticeship we got in to, it was hard to get. For years the
:01:56. > :02:00.the apprenticeship we got in to, it traditional route for a car
:02:00. > :02:04.mechanic, chef or nursery nurse has been through an apprenticeship
:02:04. > :02:08.scheme, you study at college at the same time earning money in a proper
:02:08. > :02:12.job, if only at £2.65 an hour. There is, though, still a large
:02:12. > :02:16.group of young people who struggle to get this far. The answer, says
:02:16. > :02:22.the Government, is a new type of scheme, designed to help the most
:02:22. > :02:23.disadvantaged. Traineeships are meant to combine work experience
:02:23. > :02:27.disadvantaged. Traineeships are with classes in English and maths,
:02:27. > :02:33.plus general skills like CV writing, they run for up to five months, but
:02:33. > :02:36.they are exempt from minimum wage legislation. Over 100 firms have
:02:36. > :02:40.said they are interested in taking part, with a big push by the
:02:40. > :02:45.Government expected this autumn. One of the first high street brands
:02:45. > :02:50.to sign up to the scheme is the car repair firm Kwik Fit, it is already
:02:50. > :02:53.advertising traineeships on-line. They read very much like any normal
:02:54. > :02:58.job advert, the position is advertised for five months, the
:02:58. > :03:02.working week is up to 39 hours, Tuesday to Saturday. All this is
:03:02. > :03:09.completely voluntary, but also completely unpaid. Nick has been
:03:09. > :03:13.closely watching the further education sector for years, he
:03:13. > :03:17.first spotted the Kwik Fit advert this week and a number of others
:03:17. > :03:20.like it? Traineeships have been the opportunity to be a fantastic
:03:20. > :03:23.programme for young people to get into work and a full-time job. Here
:03:23. > :03:31.we are talking about young people unpaid working up to 900 or more
:03:31. > :03:35.hours, for a big employer with multimillion pound profits, they
:03:35. > :03:39.need to pay for the benefit of having employees. In this case they
:03:39. > :03:43.are not. Kwik Fit is already a big employer of apprentices, and denies
:03:43. > :03:46.this new scheme is anything like exploitation. There is no
:03:46. > :03:51.suggestion the firm is breaking the rules, but it is getting £1600 per
:03:51. > :04:10.trainee from the Government. In statement the company said:
:04:10. > :04:16.The Government has had its own problems with work experience. Last
:04:16. > :04:19.year there was sitdown protests, after it tried to introduce
:04:19. > :04:23.benefits sanctions for people who refused to sign up to the schemes.
:04:23. > :04:29.Ministers are though convinced that these kinds of programmes can be
:04:29. > :04:35.affective. Crucial -- Effective. Crucially work experience works, I
:04:35. > :04:38.want to tackle youth unemployment, all the experience shows that
:04:38. > :04:41.working, English and maths are the three crucial things for young
:04:41. > :04:47.people to get maths. That is why we have designed traineeships in this
:04:47. > :04:50.way, especially where they can lead into apprenticeships which help
:04:50. > :04:54.people get more skills in work in a job and help tackle youth
:04:54. > :04:59.unemployment. For some of today's teenagers it is a tough choice,
:04:59. > :05:05.work for free or don't work at all. When I went to my interview for the
:05:05. > :05:09.job I said I couldn't care less I was getting paid because cars I are
:05:09. > :05:12.all I want to do. You should expect to be paid, if you are putting
:05:12. > :05:17.yourself out you need to be rewarded with something.
:05:17. > :05:20.Tonight after questions from Newsnight Kwik Fit withdrew its job
:05:21. > :05:24.advertisment and replaced with a new version. It now says that
:05:24. > :05:28.although its work experience programme is expected to last five
:05:28. > :05:32.months, it may well finish sooner, it says there will now be a
:05:32. > :05:39.guaranteed job interview for every trainee at the end of the process.
:05:39. > :05:43.Is it a convenient way to get kids to work for nothing, or is it just
:05:43. > :05:47.the new reality in a jobs market that is tight. With me is Toby
:05:47. > :05:51.Perkins, shadow Business Minister, and Lottie Dexter, who campaigns
:05:51. > :05:55.for jobs for young people. The One Million Campaign. You heard the
:05:55. > :05:58.young guy there say he couldn't care less if he got paid because
:05:59. > :06:04.this is what he wants to. Do I guess of any kind is better than no
:06:04. > :06:06.work? It is. But it is a pretty sad reflection on the state of our
:06:06. > :06:09.economy and the way that the Government are making us into a
:06:09. > :06:13.low-wage economy that people are now going to be working for five
:06:13. > :06:18.months on the bays that they will then, if they make the grade, be
:06:19. > :06:23.given an opportunity to go for an interview, in order to go on to an
:06:23. > :06:24.apprenticeship, to work for below minimum wage for two years. What it
:06:24. > :06:31.apprenticeship, to work for below really shows you is, yes it is a
:06:31. > :06:34.new reality for people in Cameron's Britain. You have made up that
:06:34. > :06:39.trajectory, they are working for five months for free, which many
:06:39. > :06:40.people would call training, apprenticeship? People would call
:06:40. > :06:47.it that. Apprenticeships are a low- apprenticeship? People would call
:06:47. > :06:52.income way of a company having a qi quid pro quo, where at the same
:06:52. > :06:56.time that you are developing you are developing your skills and you
:06:56. > :07:00.are working. Now we have a qualification period to get on to
:07:00. > :07:06.the apprenticeship. When I was 17 I was on £35 a week on a YTS, he
:07:06. > :07:10.never thought that many years later £35 was too much to pay young
:07:10. > :07:14.people. Are we selling young people down the plughole? We have far too
:07:14. > :07:17.many young people leaving school without the experience or skills
:07:17. > :07:22.needed to get an actual job, we have nearly one million young
:07:22. > :07:28.people unemployed, traineeships bridge what is very often a very
:07:28. > :07:32.scary and dicey journey from school into work. You would say to people
:07:32. > :07:38.go and do this, it doesn't matter if you have a five-day a week
:07:38. > :07:43.without being paid go and do it? I have run a lobby group for jobs for
:07:43. > :07:46.young people, we have spoken to a group before going on this
:07:46. > :07:50.programme, they say they would prefer to go working in a real
:07:50. > :07:56.garage with real mechanics and interacting with customers, than
:07:56. > :08:00.they would sitting behind a desk and being force fed by teachers, we
:08:00. > :08:04.shouldn't write these off. Are you saying that employers shouldn't put
:08:04. > :08:08.these out? You can't blame them if they have this opportunity. What is
:08:08. > :08:11.your message to Kwik Fit? My message is that we have got
:08:11. > :08:18.apprenticeships there, they are really valuable tool. A the lot of
:08:18. > :08:21.young people aren't ready for apprenticeships, that is why we
:08:21. > :08:26.need traineeships, because they have been failed by an education
:08:26. > :08:29.system that isn't working. The whole point of the apprenticeships
:08:29. > :08:33.is people came out of school and earned a low wage at the time the
:08:33. > :08:37.company were spending time with them and getting ready for a job
:08:37. > :08:41.market and they can't be paid for doing that. Pbgt aweren't tisships
:08:41. > :08:47.are great and perform very well, but they are not. Apprenticeships
:08:48. > :08:51.are great and perform well, there are a group of people unable to
:08:51. > :08:54.take them up and not ready, and that was because education failed
:08:54. > :08:58.under the Labour Government. Where you have a kid with one of these
:08:58. > :09:00.training schemes who wakes up with a hangover who thinks, you know
:09:00. > :09:04.training schemes who wakes up with what I'm not getting paid any way,
:09:04. > :09:07.I might not go this week or whatever, you don't get that sense
:09:07. > :09:12.of what you are actually working towards, do you? For a traineeship,
:09:12. > :09:15.that is the point, it instills work ethic, it builds an attitude,
:09:15. > :09:17.rather than going to school you are going in and interacting with
:09:17. > :09:19.colleagues, you are meeting your boss, you are taking on that
:09:19. > :09:24.responsibility. That is the point of a traineeship. It is to get the
:09:24. > :09:27.hardest to help, the most vulnerable young people who are the
:09:27. > :09:32.furthest away from the jobs market a link from school into a training
:09:32. > :09:37.scheme, into an apprenticeship, which are very important. It does
:09:37. > :09:41.seem odd, Labour has already taken us down this workfare path, what is
:09:41. > :09:44.your argument when this was started really under Tony Blair? This
:09:44. > :09:49.wasn't started under Tony Blair, we have a plan in terms of the long-
:09:50. > :09:53.term unemployed with the job sharing. You did the Primark
:09:53. > :09:57.schemes? We have the Future Jobs Fund which this Government
:09:57. > :10:00.abolished, they have abolished mandatory work experience, we heard
:10:00. > :10:03.the minister say that work experience is important. They have
:10:03. > :10:06.cut back on the careers service, they have further education, a key
:10:06. > :10:11.part in all of this, massive cuts. Let's go back to what you would do
:10:11. > :10:16.at this point. Would you actually go out please don't take the
:10:16. > :10:20.Government up on these schemes, do not offer these five-month schemes,
:10:20. > :10:24.what would you do? I'm not saying to employers that they shouldn't
:10:24. > :10:28.take it up. Why aren't you if you feel so strongly? The point is the
:10:28. > :10:31.Government is creating a low- skilled, low-wage economy, because
:10:31. > :10:35.their entire strategy is around getting people to work either for
:10:35. > :10:38.free or nothing. They have a minimum wage, but at the same time
:10:38. > :10:42.they keep kinding ways to not do that. Traineeships are important,
:10:42. > :10:45.we need them. Thank you very much both of you.
:10:45. > :10:50.With two days to go to the Labour conference, an explosive new tone
:10:50. > :10:58.to add to your pile of new Labour memoirs, Damian McBride has written
:10:58. > :11:03.his account of his time in power, it is promising to be a tell-all,
:11:03. > :11:08.smears and all sorts only read about in fiction. It is serialised
:11:08. > :11:12.in the Mail exclusively from tomorrow. We have it hot off the
:11:12. > :11:18.press. What is in the book? It doesn't promise it is. These two
:11:18. > :11:22.pages in it have a series of assassinations, he admits himself
:11:22. > :11:30.he took down John Reid, Charles Clarke, Ivan, we have a few quotes.
:11:30. > :11:36.He talks about how he's this inversion of a priest, people come
:11:36. > :11:40.to him, tell him the sins of people they don't like in the hope that he
:11:40. > :11:44.publicises them more widely. He's very honest about what he did. It
:11:44. > :11:47.is one of the most honest and gruesome accounts of being a spin
:11:47. > :11:52.doctor that I do actually think one of the last implications could be
:11:52. > :11:55.that it does shock quite a few viewers/readers, it exposes how
:11:55. > :11:59.people do politics at the top of Westminster. In case we thought
:11:59. > :12:03.that politic was clean and lovely! Indeed, most people thought it was
:12:03. > :12:05.pretty hardcore. Except he details, goes through exactly how you hack
:12:05. > :15:57.into a Government account, exactly Despite the comfortable familiarity,
:15:58. > :16:03.they say there are problems that Despite the comfortable familiarity,
:16:03. > :16:08.come with this. The borough is now 17% white British. Loads of people
:16:09. > :16:19.living in our streets were English people, but over the years, 34-macro
:16:19. > :16:23.years, -- three or four years, I have been people coming in from
:16:23. > :16:27.other communities and settling down. The couple admit that it is
:16:27. > :16:29.largely Indian is that they spend their time with, rather than
:16:29. > :16:33.largely Indian is that they spend widening their social group. And it
:16:33. > :16:38.is this instinct that the mayor wants to counter. As this borough
:16:38. > :16:42.becomes increasingly diverse, the mayor has introduced a series of
:16:43. > :16:47.fairly bold measures aimed at holding on to some of the
:16:47. > :16:51.Britishness. In libraries, he has removed foreign language newspapers
:16:51. > :16:56.and withdrawn translation services. He will no longer fund a single
:16:56. > :17:01.community events. Sir Robin Wales has been the directly elected mayor
:17:02. > :17:07.since 2002. Before that, he was council leader here. We don't make
:17:07. > :17:11.people integrate we just encourage it. We can't make anybody do
:17:11. > :17:16.anything. People spent time with their own ethnic group and religion
:17:16. > :17:18.and that is great, and often they contribute to a community
:17:18. > :17:22.tremendously and do good things, but we say that if we are doing
:17:22. > :17:26.something we will support people coming together. I am strongly of
:17:26. > :17:29.the view that if you try to segregate people into different
:17:29. > :17:36.groups and keep them separate, that is not only bad for individuals but
:17:36. > :17:40.the community that you do it too. Apartheid was wrong in South Africa
:17:40. > :17:51.and it would be wrong here. Keeping people separate must be a bad thing.
:17:51. > :17:58.It was also the first local authority in England to introduce
:17:58. > :18:02.landlord regulations, and they have to release convictions and live up
:18:02. > :18:06.to British standards here. Counsel police officers are looking for a
:18:06. > :18:11.rogue landlords and an acceptable living conditions, things like whole
:18:11. > :18:15.families living in one room, which the mayor would consider unBritish.
:18:15. > :18:20.Also if they find suspected illegal immigrants on the raid, they will be
:18:20. > :18:26.handed over. The Mayor wants to know how many houses in his borough are
:18:26. > :18:33.like this one. The landlords that these tenants pay their rent to does
:18:33. > :18:40.not have a licence from the councils they will be subject to a fine.
:18:40. > :18:42.Altogether 15 people live in this three-bedroom house. Everybody is
:18:42. > :18:46.aware of the conditions and the law and they are being exploited, but
:18:46. > :18:54.still they have to take it the hard way because they have no other
:18:54. > :18:57.chance. Very few people object to cracking down on poor housing
:18:57. > :19:02.conditions, but the Mayor's overall agenda is divisive. Absolutely
:19:02. > :19:05.people should integrate but they should not be forced to assimilate.
:19:05. > :19:08.people should integrate but they I can understand if you are not
:19:08. > :19:11.using your translation services and I can understand if you are not
:19:11. > :19:15.at a time when local authorities have to save money and you realised
:19:15. > :19:19.some of the services are not value for money that you could remove
:19:19. > :19:24.them. But if you are removing them from vulnerable people that need
:19:24. > :19:27.them, for ideological reasons, then that starts to make you question
:19:27. > :19:39.what the values are of the people doing it. Newham recently rejected
:19:39. > :19:43.plans to build the biggest mosque in the borough. Critics argue this was
:19:43. > :19:48.another ideological decision. The mayor insists that it was simply not
:19:48. > :19:53.the right place for it. Some people find your policy is offensive. They
:19:53. > :19:57.say you are denying people's heritage and ignore it. Never,
:19:57. > :20:01.never. I think it is wonderful when people remember their heritage and
:20:01. > :20:06.where they come from and I celebrate that. But the council should not be
:20:06. > :20:10.paying for it. Do you think these policies could transfer to other
:20:10. > :20:14.parts of the UK, this tough approach? I don't accept that it is
:20:14. > :20:32.tougher. Most people would say it is a tough time, we have to save
:20:32. > :20:37.money, we are currently experimenting with a range of ways
:20:37. > :20:41.of providing cheaper, free English language. What we do is provide
:20:41. > :20:46.free English language teaching for anybody that wants to work.
:20:46. > :20:50.Within the borough of Newham and right next door to the Olympic Park
:20:50. > :20:54.sits Stratford Market, most of the traders have been here for decades.
:20:54. > :21:00.I ask what they make of the integration agenda? When in Rome do
:21:00. > :21:05.what the Romans do. If you live in England and you have made this your
:21:05. > :21:09.home, then yes, you should learn to speak English. Wherever they live
:21:09. > :21:17.in their part of Newham, wherever it may be, there will be more poles
:21:17. > :21:20.-- Poles or Bangladeshis, and they revert back, whether they have
:21:20. > :21:23.taken the papers or translators away, it isn't going to change
:21:23. > :21:30.nothing. The minute you should the door, it is back to normal for them.
:21:30. > :21:34.Same as it is for us. Before Newham hosts another
:21:34. > :21:40.citizenship ceremony I met this man, who is about to get his British
:21:40. > :21:45.passport. He has been in the UK 18 years already and he says he can't
:21:45. > :21:49.wait. I want citizenship, I have lived a long time in England. Jo it
:21:49. > :21:55.is like a dream, I live in the UK but not citizen or British, my
:21:55. > :21:57.passport is Bangladeshi. To everyone the passport is a British
:21:57. > :22:02.citizen. Do you guys ever have to everyone the passport is a British
:22:02. > :22:07.use translators, have you used translators? Sometimes, some
:22:07. > :22:12.problems with the doctor, I'm not understanding and they are not
:22:12. > :22:16.talking to the doctor. For them it is not as simple as saying of
:22:16. > :22:22.learning the language, he didn't feel his English was good enough to
:22:22. > :22:26.explain why. TRANSLATION: I have tried a lot for 18 years, I have
:22:26. > :22:30.been to college and worked with English people, understanding is
:22:30. > :22:35.not a problem. It doesn't stay in my head, I'm older now, if I was
:22:35. > :22:41.younger it would have stayed. Back at East Ham Town Hall, two weeks
:22:41. > :22:51.after Mini and Shibu became British, it is Amiral's turn, he joins 15
:22:51. > :22:56.other people. Amiral Islam from Bangladesh please. Wife Jackia
:22:56. > :23:03.can't stop smiling. He proudly stands in front of the Union Jack
:23:03. > :23:07.he tells me is now his flag. Sir Robin's critics say he wants fewer
:23:07. > :23:11.new arrivals and more middle-class white people living in the borough.
:23:11. > :23:14.The question for the other new citizens in the room is whether
:23:14. > :23:20.they can fit into the mayor's vision for Newham. Congratulations
:23:20. > :23:26.you are free to go. You can hear the full documentary,
:23:26. > :23:36.Naturalising Newham by heading to the BBC Asian Network website. We
:23:36. > :23:40.have Sir Robin Wales and Claire Fox. What is wrong with the individual
:23:40. > :23:44.moves? I'm not here to be critical of the individual moves, want to
:23:44. > :23:48.take a step back. I get a bit nervous when we say, I think we
:23:48. > :23:52.probably agree on this, there is a problem with some of the
:23:52. > :23:57.multicultural policies of the past that were very devisive that made
:23:57. > :24:00.people identify with their cultural identity rather than a broader
:24:00. > :24:04.project. For me some of the things that have been put forward seem to
:24:04. > :24:09.be very technical, very narrow and I don't thing you are going to get
:24:09. > :24:15.people buying into a broader sense of western values and entightenedle
:24:15. > :24:19.values when saying you have to speak English. Is this to save
:24:19. > :24:24.money? No, we value the diversity, I have lived in Newham for 35 years,
:24:24. > :24:27.why would I live in a place that is the most diverse place in the world.
:24:27. > :24:32.When we are spending public money our task is to try to bring people
:24:32. > :24:36.together. For that we spend a lot on English language classes, this
:24:36. > :24:40.Government cut 40% of the funding for English language classes, we
:24:40. > :24:43.think that is wrong. We want people to speak English to get jobs and
:24:43. > :24:46.access the whole cultural offer that is here in London, the
:24:46. > :24:49.greatest capital city in the world, you can access some of that.
:24:49. > :24:54.Bringing people together is surely the task of a local Government. Why
:24:54. > :24:56.does that actually bring people together, why does taking away
:24:56. > :25:00.individual funding bring people together? No, there is lots of
:25:00. > :25:03.other things we do. This is a few small things. We don't cut all
:25:03. > :25:07.translation, if translation is needed for statutory services and
:25:07. > :25:12.support we do that, of course we do. Then what we do is have a series of
:25:12. > :25:17.events where people come together, last year and this year too we gave
:25:17. > :25:21.everyone £250 if they want to run something with neighbours, street
:25:21. > :25:25.parties, we had 1,000 last year with 180,000 people taking part.
:25:25. > :25:29.That is getting to meet other people. The problem if you stay in
:25:29. > :25:33.a community is that we know that people who work have broader
:25:33. > :25:37.networks and it gives them better opportunities to access jobs, our
:25:37. > :25:42.job is to support that with public funds. While recognising the value
:25:42. > :25:45.of culture. Let as try to take a step back then, for me one of the
:25:45. > :25:50.problems is there is a danger, certainly the way the media has
:25:50. > :25:54.picked it up more broadly, not necessarily tonight. Is the
:25:54. > :25:58.accusatory finger is pointed at immigrants as though they are the
:25:58. > :26:03.problem, won't they integrate in, that is the way it is pick up. They
:26:03. > :26:07.have to learn English. For me the greater crisis I think you
:26:07. > :26:12.underestimate the crisis, the biggest problem for me is I don't
:26:12. > :26:16.think in Britain we don't know what people should integrate to. We
:26:16. > :26:19.define ourselves about what people aren't doing. We have to be honest
:26:19. > :26:27.about the whole values system of what Britain stands for, of why
:26:27. > :26:33.when you move into this country you buy in to. But there is the flag
:26:33. > :26:35.and all of that? We have a few symbols. In America people would
:26:35. > :26:39.move, they didn't always learn how to speak English, by the way, what
:26:39. > :26:43.they identified with, millions of people of the American dream. Where
:26:43. > :26:47.is the British dream today. There is none, so we point our finger at
:26:47. > :26:51.them. We are not trying to say, that we look for tolerance and
:26:51. > :26:55.respect. I'm a British Scot, we had somebody earlier today saying they
:26:55. > :26:58.are English, of course we have given backgrounds, what --
:26:58. > :27:01.backgrounds, when you ask communities they want jobs,
:27:01. > :27:05.education for kids, safe streets. Every community wants the same
:27:05. > :27:09.thing. That is what we want to provide while encouraging people to
:27:09. > :27:17.meet other people that live beside them. Why has Newham gone from 33%
:27:17. > :27:20.white British to 16.7%, is this a response to the marginalised white
:27:20. > :27:24.British?. It is London, people moving into London, the East End is
:27:24. > :27:27.always where people come. Interestingly we are seeing changes.
:27:27. > :27:30.The Olympic largely held in our borough, we are beginning to see
:27:30. > :27:40.changes you no one of our problems is we will have people moving in
:27:40. > :27:45.and gentrifying we want to make sure that they can make a life. We
:27:45. > :27:49.have to recognise there has been incredible damage done by
:27:49. > :27:54.multiculturalism as a policy. I'm an open borders policy. You should
:27:54. > :27:58.welcome this? There are parts of it, I'm not here to attack this, we are
:27:58. > :28:02.having a broader discussion in a way. My problem is with
:28:02. > :28:09.multiculturalism is that it has been devisive, it has said to
:28:09. > :28:13.people don't come in here and be a human being but be ethnic. I agree
:28:14. > :28:17.on that level, the danger is we end up blaming immigrants for the
:28:17. > :28:20.problems of what was a British policy. I think that is damaging
:28:20. > :28:27.and you have to be careful of that Robin. Thank you very much. The new
:28:27. > :28:33.Iranian President has said his country is not trying to make a
:28:33. > :28:36.nuclear bomb and never was. Speaking to US television,
:28:36. > :28:39.President Rouhani said he had the full authority, sufficient
:28:39. > :28:43.political latitude to resolve a stand-off with the west. There
:28:43. > :28:46.seems to be this buzz about the interview tonight and the message
:28:46. > :28:50.it conveys? There is a buzz, absolutely, the wider context,
:28:50. > :28:54.political prisoners released yesterday. Some suggestions that
:28:54. > :28:57.Iran might be about to liberalise restrictions on social media. The
:28:57. > :29:00.President going to the UN General Assembly next week in New York. It
:29:00. > :29:06.has been announced that President Holder of France will meet him
:29:06. > :29:12.there. Also -- President Hollande of France will meet him there. And
:29:12. > :29:14.remarks from the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei suggesting
:29:15. > :29:22.this could be a time for leniency, and renouncing a claim that they
:29:22. > :29:25.want WMDs, this is what he said. TRANSLATION: We do not believe in
:29:26. > :29:29.nuclear weapons because of our beliefs, not for the sake of the US
:29:29. > :29:35.or other countries. When we say that no country should possess
:29:35. > :29:41.nuclear weapons, we ourselves are not definitely trying to possess
:29:41. > :29:45.them. Is there a sense that Rouhani is
:29:45. > :29:54.different? Well the problem is, for those who are sceptical the sense
:29:54. > :30:00.of deja vu. Between 1997 and 2005, that pd was a liberal figure, he
:30:00. > :30:02.was liberal on the nuclear issue and the democratisation issue, it
:30:02. > :30:06.was liberal on the nuclear issue was seen at that time he was
:30:06. > :30:16.gradually underlined by more hardline figures crucially the aia
:30:16. > :30:20.Tola, and the ground was -- Ayatolla Khomenie, and he was
:30:20. > :30:24.replaced by the last President. The new man has the backing of
:30:24. > :30:31.Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and he said that last night on NBC news.
:30:31. > :30:35.TRANSLATION: In its nuclear programme this Government enters
:30:35. > :30:39.with full power and has complete authority. I have given the nuclear
:30:39. > :30:42.negotiations portfolio to the Foreign Ministry. The problem won't
:30:42. > :30:46.be from our side. We have sufficient political latitude to
:30:46. > :30:50.solve this problem. This is being seen as a more serious attempt to
:30:50. > :30:53.negotiate. It has been taken seriously? It is being taken
:30:53. > :30:57.seriously. The big question is will President Obama also meet him next
:30:57. > :31:01.week in New York, there is a definite diplomatic opportunity
:31:01. > :31:06.here. A sense that this new apparent willingness to deal should
:31:06. > :31:09.be properly tested and that sanctions, economic sanctions, may
:31:09. > :31:14.have given the Iranians a seriousness about this that was
:31:15. > :31:18.lacking, that was not there under the President years ago, this time
:31:18. > :31:21.they really want to do something to lessen the economic impact of
:31:21. > :31:25.sanctions and they are prepared to deal on the nuclear question.
:31:25. > :31:29.Those of you who stayed up long enough to see a shot of an empty
:31:29. > :31:32.chair last night and went to bed none the wiser, let's just say this
:31:32. > :31:36.one is for you. Imagine a world where the Internet connected not
:31:36. > :31:40.just people but objects, where a tiny computer of found in
:31:40. > :31:45.everything, from cars to fridge, md sins, even cattle. The potential
:31:45. > :31:49.for gleaning information becomes phenomenal. It is call the interin
:31:49. > :31:53.the of things. Who cares what it is called, it will -- internet of
:31:53. > :32:02.things, who cares what it is called it will change lives forever.
:32:02. > :32:05.The Internet has changed our world so profoundly it is hard to argue
:32:05. > :32:09.with the idea that we are now living through an age as
:32:09. > :32:14.transformative as extraordinary as the agricultural or Industrial
:32:14. > :32:18.Revolution. Our revolution, computer revolution
:32:18. > :32:23.has barely got started. Up to now we have had an internet largely
:32:23. > :32:26.made up of people. It is people who post photographs or write e-mails
:32:27. > :32:30.or do any of the other things we all do with our computer, but the
:32:30. > :32:35.number of things on the Internet is going to be vast low bigger than
:32:35. > :32:38.the number of people. When the things take over well our lives
:32:38. > :32:43.will change completely. Today we are somewhere in the region of 10-
:32:43. > :32:48.15 billion things connected to the interin the. They all range from
:32:48. > :32:51.the traditional things such -- the Internet, they all range from
:32:51. > :32:56.traditional things such as smartphones and laptops, they will
:32:56. > :32:59.move to things we aren't familiar with being connected. Cattle for
:32:59. > :33:04.one example, checking the well being of them out in the field,
:33:04. > :33:09.through to trees that monitor the environment around them. Right away
:33:09. > :33:13.through to connected cars. We estimate the number of things
:33:13. > :33:18.connected to the Internet will grow to 50 billion devices by the year
:33:19. > :33:23.2020. What is driving this is a tiny cheap sensor, and computers
:33:23. > :33:28.linked via the Internet to vast cloud servers, the uses are pretty
:33:28. > :33:32.limitless. Imagine your front door is on-line and someone turns up
:33:32. > :33:37.unexpectedly from out of town, no problem, you can let them in.
:33:37. > :33:41.Imagine a pot plant that tweets you to tell you it needs watering.
:33:41. > :33:45.Imagine a coffee maker connect today the Internet that brews up
:33:46. > :33:51.the perfect cup of coffee because it has sensed you walked out.
:33:51. > :33:56.Sensors that know when you go out so turning the heating down and
:33:56. > :34:01.lights out. One thing as simple as the asthma inhaler, very valuable
:34:01. > :34:06.to the person using it, essentially a dumb device. Now the opportunity
:34:06. > :34:09.to connect that to the Internet starts to bring together some
:34:09. > :34:12.really interesting data set, and information about its use. This it
:34:12. > :34:19.is a at the advice that is connected to the Internet, it has
:34:19. > :34:23.GPS -- it is a device that is qebgted to the Internet, it is GPS,
:34:23. > :34:27.and it allows people to understand why where and how they are using it.
:34:27. > :34:30.It produces interesting data and information around how it is being
:34:30. > :34:34.used. Potentially pointing to some environmental conditions in a
:34:34. > :34:38.particular area. So how easy is it to put a thing on
:34:38. > :34:43.the Internet of things. First we are going to need a thing, so how
:34:43. > :34:54.about the Newsnight presenter's chair, I'm going to need to borrow
:34:54. > :34:57.it for a few hours. I found a company near London's
:34:58. > :35:08.silicone round about that says it can put up a chair on the Internet.
:35:08. > :35:12.Hi Chad, how are you doing? How are you. We want our chair on the
:35:12. > :35:16.Internet. OK, I think we can help you out with that. How would we go
:35:16. > :35:21.about it, what do we need to do to our chair, it is a very nice chair,
:35:21. > :35:25.but at the end of the day it is a chair. What do we do? Let's see,
:35:25. > :35:30.the first thing we need is a pressure sensor, I think. So we
:35:30. > :35:35.have got a pressure pad here, basically it allows you to detect
:35:35. > :35:44.are you on it or are you not? A bit like a whoop pee cushion, the
:35:44. > :35:50.presenters are used to that. We are able to take it to this sensor and
:35:50. > :35:57.application board. This sensor says someone is on me or not. We have a
:35:57. > :36:00.USP port to put power in to, we have a spot for the little board.
:36:01. > :36:06.What is on this little thing here is actually the processor, it is a
:36:06. > :36:08.whole Wi-Fi connection defies. So the normal Wi-Fi you connect your
:36:08. > :36:12.whole Wi-Fi connection defies. So phone or computer in to, this will
:36:12. > :36:16.allow you to connect into it as well. That, the size of a postage
:36:16. > :36:21.stamp is a computer? Exactly. A computer capable of connecting to
:36:21. > :36:28.the Internet? Absolutely. That just slots in there. So we tie this in,
:36:28. > :36:33.boom, it is connected in, as soon as it is done it is connected to
:36:33. > :36:38.Wi-Fi and the interin the. Chad Jones is CEO of a company that
:36:38. > :36:43.helps product designers get stuff on-line. When it is finished our
:36:43. > :36:49.presenters chair will be able to tell when somebody stand up or sit
:36:49. > :36:53.down and tell the world via Twitter. By the Internet connecting the
:36:53. > :36:58.chair it seems mundane, sit down, stand up, it tells you sat down and
:36:58. > :37:01.stood up for how long. If you start thinking about that from a
:37:01. > :37:05.healthcare perspective, what if we put that inside a granny's bed,
:37:05. > :37:09.inside her home. Imagine if we can look into that home and see is she
:37:09. > :37:13.in bed, when is she in bed, how long is she in bed for, if she's
:37:13. > :37:18.not in bed where is she and what's she doing. If she's 2.00 and out of
:37:18. > :37:21.bed for an hour-and-a-half there might be a problem. You need to
:37:21. > :37:25.understand that. One of the constraints to the spread of the
:37:25. > :37:30.internet of things is power. Batteries need either charging or
:37:30. > :37:34.changing. But, research from the University of washing has proved
:37:34. > :37:39.the feasiblilty of a technology called ambient back scater. That is
:37:39. > :37:42.drawing the tiny amounts of power needed to run devices from
:37:42. > :37:46.surrounding radio, TV or Wi-Fi significantle thats. It means that
:37:47. > :37:54.you could bury these sensor into wall, into into clothe, in short,
:37:54. > :37:59.into anything. It seems there is no way of avoiding this technology,
:37:59. > :38:04.our homes will be joining the Internet of things whether we like
:38:04. > :38:08.it or not. Smart energy metres are rolled out from 2015, these have
:38:08. > :38:13.the ability to provide the most extraordinary data of our energy
:38:13. > :38:18.use, right down toe theed models of devices we are using. -- right down
:38:18. > :38:22.to the model of devices we are using? Privacy is a big issue, do
:38:22. > :38:26.you know what your telephone or smart metre is transmitting back. A
:38:26. > :38:29.great point of realised in Germany, where the company behind the smart
:38:29. > :38:33.metre were able to determine, not only what devices were being run in
:38:33. > :38:39.the consumers home, but also what films they were watching. What
:38:39. > :38:44.films they were watching on their television? Absolutely. In man
:38:44. > :38:48.cases consumers are blind to it, they look at the -- in many cases
:38:48. > :38:51.consumers are blind to it, they don't look at the features of being
:38:51. > :38:55.connected to the Internet. The Government says they would have to
:38:55. > :38:57.consent to giving up smart metre data, but they wouldn't be
:38:57. > :39:01.consulted before the police or Intelligence Services got their
:39:01. > :39:05.hands on it. Indeed the former director of the CIA says this kind
:39:05. > :39:09.of data will revolutionise the trade craft of spying. In the
:39:09. > :39:17.future, it seems, your dishwasher will be working for the CIA. The
:39:17. > :39:25.opportunities for terrorists and criminals will clearly expand. In
:39:25. > :39:31.the 2009 American drama, Homeland, the US Vice President is
:39:31. > :39:33.assassinated when his internet connected pacemaker is hacked. It
:39:33. > :39:37.assassinated when his internet seems fiction is becoming reality.
:39:37. > :39:44.In 2011 the New Zealand security expert and hacker, Barnaby Jack
:39:44. > :39:52.showed how an insulin pump could be hacked and deliver a fatal dose. He
:39:52. > :39:57.was due to appear at a Conference Talking about how a pacemaker could
:39:57. > :40:00.be hacked when he mysteriously dyed. Medical manufacturers have been
:40:00. > :40:04.told to beef up their security. Other areas are vulnerable too. The
:40:04. > :40:08.suspicion is that internet- connected prison doors in Florida
:40:08. > :40:12.were opened by an outside hacker. And on a more mundane level, we
:40:12. > :40:16.have seen an internet connected baby monitor hacked as well. We
:40:16. > :40:22.have this consuspect called the attack sur as if, in terms of what
:40:22. > :40:26.are the number of system -- attack surface, in terms of what are the
:40:27. > :40:31.number of systems you can attack. With more data the attack surface
:40:31. > :40:35.is getting bigger and wider. For the cybercriminal out there, it
:40:35. > :40:39.really does potentially become a field day. The Internet of things
:40:39. > :40:43.is already here and will evently dwarf the Internet of people. We
:40:43. > :40:46.will all need to think about security and privacy, but one
:40:46. > :40:50.option we don't have is stopping all of this. Some believe we are
:40:50. > :40:54.option we don't have is stopping now entering a new phase in the
:40:54. > :40:59.evolution of our planet, when the Internet take its place as another
:40:59. > :41:04.life form. Sleep well. Thanks for that. Here is the chair.
:41:04. > :41:10.The Internet-connected chair, question. We have it patched into a
:41:10. > :41:13.Twitter feed, Newsnight chair, if you want to have a seat we will see
:41:14. > :41:19.if this thing work, we have the Twitter feed on the tablet and if I
:41:19. > :41:27.refresh is it. Yes it says the Newsnight presenter has sat down at
:41:27. > :41:31.23:14:05 in the Internet chair. If you stand up we will refresh it
:41:31. > :41:37.again. There it is. The Newsnight presenter has stood up after
:41:37. > :41:40.sitting for ten seconds in the Internet-connected chair. It
:41:40. > :41:44.doesn't direct message does it? Not that I'm aware. Fascinating it is,
:41:45. > :41:50.more widely? This in itself doesn't have that many uses, you could
:41:50. > :41:52.perhaps have a game of musical chairs with hundreds of
:41:53. > :41:57.participants in lots of different countries, asupering you don't want
:41:57. > :42:03.to do that. We are talk -- assuming you don't want to do that. We are
:42:03. > :42:07.talking about connecting with our environment, tiny little sensors
:42:07. > :42:11.you could put them on pets and cow, it could revolutionise elderly care,
:42:11. > :42:15.as explained in the film. It could allow people to stay in homes for a
:42:15. > :42:19.lot longer. It will put far more data out there. One of the excite
:42:19. > :42:26.things is being able to cross reference lots of different data
:42:26. > :42:31.set and draw non-intuitive comparisons between those. Pretty
:42:31. > :42:36.invasive? That kind of data will be common place about lots of
:42:36. > :42:41.different aspect of our lives. What temperature our therplgs statistic
:42:41. > :42:45.is, whether we have -- thermostat is, whether we have left the house.
:42:45. > :42:49.If we want to take our privacy seriously we have to guard all that.
:42:49. > :42:53.Away from sedentary matters, the fastest man in the world took an
:42:53. > :42:57.awfully long time to arrive. He says he doesn't do anything quickly,
:42:57. > :43:04.except run. I was given four-and-a- half minutes to talk to him, long
:43:04. > :43:07.enough for the sprinter to have run the 100ms 28 times. We packed a lot
:43:07. > :43:12.in, including flash photography. You are a man of God, what do you
:43:12. > :43:16.think in the ten seconds before the race starts? For me it is focusing,
:43:16. > :43:20.ten seconds my start is all about taking deep breath, relaxing and
:43:20. > :43:23.trying to clear my mind as much as possible. You have to listen to
:43:23. > :43:28.that gun. If you don't you will be left in the blocks like I am a lot
:43:28. > :43:31.of times. Sow the start is the worst bit? It is the worst bit of
:43:31. > :43:37.my race. I work on it every day, sometimes you hit it, sometimes you
:43:37. > :43:40.don't. A number of athletes from the Jamaican team have tested
:43:40. > :43:45.positive for banned substance, is that a particular problem there, or
:43:45. > :43:49.is the list too long? For me I'm an individual, I have to be vigilent
:43:49. > :43:54.and be very careful in what put in my body, and focus on what I can do.
:43:54. > :43:59.I can't talk about other athletes, they are also individuals, I have
:43:59. > :44:04.to do what I have to do. Would it help Jamaica and the team if there
:44:04. > :44:09.was more regular testing from the authorities there? I always work on
:44:09. > :44:14.testing, and say if they want to test me every day come and do it.
:44:14. > :44:21.Every athlete will be OK if they test for regularly. Do you think
:44:21. > :44:25.test testing positive is a life- time ban? That is not my area. Your
:44:25. > :44:29.gut feeling? As an athlete there are rules in everything you do, in
:44:29. > :44:33.life, in every different sport, for me that is the whole point, if you
:44:33. > :44:44.have rules, I don't make them I abide by them. He He takes the gold
:44:44. > :44:48.medal again. When you finally start to consider retirement, and it is a
:44:48. > :44:53.long way off. Would it be football? Yeah, something I want to try, when
:44:53. > :44:59.I sit and watch football I always say I can do this, you never know,
:44:59. > :45:04.I want it try when I retire to see if it would be possible. We will
:45:04. > :45:10.see what happens, I'm a big Manchester United fan and hopefully
:45:10. > :45:14.I can get a spot on. Have they approached you? When Alex Ferguson
:45:14. > :45:18.was in charge he said I could come and train whenever I want. I never
:45:18. > :45:22.got the opportunity. When I meet David Moyes hopefully I will get
:45:22. > :45:25.opportunity to train with them. You could imagine yourself playing for
:45:25. > :45:29.Manchester United? Definite low. You skroib yourself as a Definitely.
:45:29. > :45:33.You describe yourself as a at the You skroib yourself as a Definitely.
:45:33. > :45:44.no mam number and a legend. I look at your confidence and I think and
:45:44. > :45:48.there must be some area of your life where the confidence is not
:45:48. > :45:51.there. What puts you in a cold sweat? Nobody, I'm so laid back
:45:51. > :45:55.about everything really. I'm very sweat? Nobody, I'm so laid back
:45:55. > :45:59.competitive, I'm always confident in whatever I do, one thing you
:45:59. > :46:02.learn, if you go into anything doubting yourself it doesn't make
:46:02. > :46:06.sense, you do it. There is nothing you do slowly or without
:46:06. > :46:23.competitiveness? I do everything slow, except running.
:46:23. > :46:30.The Newsnight chair has now almost 500 follower, before we go, we hail
:46:30. > :46:34.the visionary Hiroshima Yamochi who died today. You have not heard of
:46:34. > :46:39.him but you have probably played him and your children still do. We
:46:39. > :46:40.leave but the seven ages of Mario.