:00:00. > :00:10.This programme contains flash photography.
:00:11. > :00:16.Good evening. The readiness of British people to give money to try
:00:17. > :00:20.to help relieve suffering has been in evidence again tonight as
:00:21. > :00:23.millions of pounds seem to be being donated to help victims of the
:00:24. > :00:27.typhoon in the Philippines. This is a humanitarian crisis so the DEC
:00:28. > :00:31.needs us to act now. Please help.
:00:32. > :00:35.Thank you. What is that makes us give to these
:00:36. > :00:42.appeals, to some more than others and is there a better way of
:00:43. > :00:46.organising these things? Ireland is about to become the first
:00:47. > :01:00.eurozone country to emerge from its bail out. What has the nation
:01:01. > :01:02.learned from its latest experience of hair shirts and pence? There is
:01:03. > :01:12.nor charity in what people do and the way they help each other and I
:01:13. > :01:18.think it made us better. And Lady Gaga is in town. They try
:01:19. > :01:27.me what to do the entire time? Even now? Yes, of course.
:01:28. > :01:33.You would have to have a heart of stone not to be distressed by the
:01:34. > :01:38.scenes of suffering caused by the Philippines typhoon. The broadcast
:01:39. > :01:41.of a Disaster and Emergency Committee appeal tonight is intended
:01:42. > :01:44.to provide a practical vehicle for that sympathy. ?10 million of
:01:45. > :01:48.taxpayers' money has already been committed and more will follow. The
:01:49. > :01:55.actions are based on the sense that there, but for the grace of God goes
:01:56. > :01:58.any of us. Yet the idea of a common human bond seems to be tempered by
:01:59. > :02:07.precisely which set of human beings are afflicted. Jim Reed reports.
:02:08. > :02:12.This is a photo of my family. I am trying to get in contact with them.
:02:13. > :02:15.My aunties, this is my mum. Thousands of miles away from the
:02:16. > :02:20.devastation and desperate for news. There is a huge relief underway in
:02:21. > :02:25.South East Asia, this group of second generation British Filipinos
:02:26. > :02:29.get together in North London. I haven't been able to contact them
:02:30. > :02:34.directly. Maybe the lines are down anyway. They can't pick up or the
:02:35. > :02:39.batteries are not charged. Tor tens of thousands, in the UK, with
:02:40. > :02:43.relation in the area affected by Typhoon Haiyan, the last few days
:02:44. > :02:48.have been full of engaged tones and unanswered Facebook messages. People
:02:49. > :02:50.over here feel helpless. For one, we can't get in touch with a lot of our
:02:51. > :02:55.relatives. There isn't enough information coming out from certain
:02:56. > :02:59.areas. There is a big focal point on one particular area which badly
:03:00. > :03:04.needs help, but there is so many other areas that are suffering.
:03:05. > :03:08.More pictures showing the scale of the destruction emerged today.
:03:09. > :03:12.Helicopter footage shows houses flattened and roads unpassable.
:03:13. > :03:18.Thousands are still without food, water or shelter. There have been
:03:19. > :03:25.reports of looting and violence in some areas. Please, if we could have
:03:26. > :03:32.for our people, because some of them are dying, they are hungry. We need
:03:33. > :03:36.the help and assistance of some kind hearted people.
:03:37. > :03:42.But the death toll from one of the strongest storms ever to make land
:03:43. > :03:44.has been revised down. Early talk of 10,000 casualties was too high said
:03:45. > :03:50.the president of the Philippines this evening. The final figure is
:03:51. > :03:58.still likely to be around 2,500 with more than 500,000 more displaced.
:03:59. > :04:04.These people desperately need your help, that's why the DEC... Here in
:04:05. > :04:08.the UK, a group of 14 charities launched their appeal to help the
:04:09. > :04:12.victims. The likes of Oxfam and Action Aid pooled resources at a
:04:13. > :04:17.time like this, rather than try to compete for airspace and funds with
:04:18. > :04:21.each other. In all of what we do, we should ensure dignity for the people
:04:22. > :04:25.we are there to serve. Its working with people. What's amazing in these
:04:26. > :04:29.emergencies I have found over the past 20 years is that we see these
:04:30. > :04:34.dreadful pictures on the news, but actually, you know, people are
:04:35. > :04:38.working together, communities come together. They care for each other
:04:39. > :04:43.and there is lots of capacity in place that we need to do better at
:04:44. > :04:46.working alongside to ensure lives are saved and to ensure recovery
:04:47. > :04:51.takes place. The UN has already released ?15
:04:52. > :04:57.million worth of aid and has appealed for ?190 million worth of
:04:58. > :05:01.assistance, but this cash is for emergency help, tents, food and
:05:02. > :05:09.clean water, not to fund any long-term recovery plan. The Boxing
:05:10. > :05:13.Day tsunami of 2004 generated over ?1 billion worth of aid spending,
:05:14. > :05:18.but a later report backed by Bill Clinton said it took too long for
:05:19. > :05:24.money to reach some areas and often the cash was wasted. The public are
:05:25. > :05:29.keen to see results as quickly as possible. They are concerned about
:05:30. > :05:34.the images that they are seeing, you know, people suffering and so there
:05:35. > :05:40.is a testimony passion to give them shelter solutions as quickly as
:05:41. > :05:43.possible in terms of tents, flat-pack houses, however, these are
:05:44. > :05:47.often not appropriate for the context that they are in. They may
:05:48. > :05:52.not be, you know, earthquake-resistant or hurricane
:05:53. > :05:55.resistant or suitable for tropical zones or whatever they are in.
:05:56. > :06:03.Across the other side of London, any talk of reconstruction means little
:06:04. > :06:08.at the moment. This woman has been working in the UK while her children
:06:09. > :06:12.grow up in the Philippines. She heard nothing from them since the
:06:13. > :06:18.storm hit on Friday. As a mother, it is really heartbreaking to see all
:06:19. > :06:22.the pictures and videos and I could picture, and I have been questioning
:06:23. > :06:28.what about my children? What is the real condition of my children? We
:06:29. > :06:33.might now understand the scale of the disaster in the Philippines, but
:06:34. > :06:38.many of the stories of individuals and families have yet to be told.
:06:39. > :06:43.Well, Owen Barder used to advise Tony Blair on aid and now works at
:06:44. > :06:46.the Centre for Global Development. Ian Birrell is a contributing editor
:06:47. > :06:49.for the Daily Mail. Are you impressed by the reaction to this
:06:50. > :06:54.disaster? Yes, I think it shows the best of humanitarian that --
:06:55. > :06:58.humanity, we want to give, we the want to help. The fact that people
:06:59. > :07:02.are willing to of reach into their pockets and help people on the other
:07:03. > :07:08.side of the world is impressive. Are you impressed by the mechanism?
:07:09. > :07:14.I this I we need to do it better. We have had the lessons of the tsunami
:07:15. > :07:18.in 2004. We have had the lessons of Haiti. We have not learned the
:07:19. > :07:23.lessons that we have to do it quickly. But it does reach them and
:07:24. > :07:27.it does help them. What do you make of it? The mantra
:07:28. > :07:30.of the aid industry is that we can do it better next time and that's
:07:31. > :07:33.always what they have been saying and they have been saying it for 50
:07:34. > :07:37.years. Maybe they are getting better? You look at what happened in
:07:38. > :07:41.Haiti and it was a terrible what happened, where the wishes of local
:07:42. > :07:43.people were ignored and there were meetings being held, there were so
:07:44. > :07:47.many people involved in the aid industry, because it is not Britain,
:07:48. > :07:50.but it is every western country and the developing world. You get
:07:51. > :07:54.hundreds and hundreds of groups forking in and causing chaos on the
:07:55. > :07:57.ground. Well, what are you suggesting? The suggestion first of
:07:58. > :08:02.all not for these, a lot of these groups are basically corporate
:08:03. > :08:04.interests dressed up as Mother Teresa and they need to stop
:08:05. > :08:09.thinking about their raising money and start thinking about what they
:08:10. > :08:12.want to do a listen to people on the ground. In Haiti, there were
:08:13. > :08:20.meetings being held without anyone there from Haiti and 0. 6% of the
:08:21. > :08:28.money went to interests from Haiti, whereas 40 % was spent on those
:08:29. > :08:31.supplying the aid living in expensive flats and buying expensive
:08:32. > :08:36.cars. I know from friends that it is a
:08:37. > :08:40.contest, who is going to get there, who is going to get the headlines on
:08:41. > :08:46.the television, who is going to get the money? Ian, says we don't make
:08:47. > :08:50.improvements, but I was in Ethiopia in the 1980s and I was there in 2009
:08:51. > :08:55.and 2010 when there was another drought and the big difference in
:08:56. > :08:58.2009 and 2010, you didn't see people going to relief centres to get fed.
:08:59. > :09:02.Why? Because there was a safety net in place that enabled Ethiopians to
:09:03. > :09:07.receive food and money in their villages and in their towns, in the
:09:08. > :09:11.face of a failed rains. That's the kind of progress that's made when a
:09:12. > :09:15.country is able to put in place its Steplts ch systems to enable its
:09:16. > :09:20.people to stay where they are rather than to have this disaster. Things
:09:21. > :09:24.get better and we have had the most remarkable progress a across the
:09:25. > :09:28.developing world. One of the things that should happen in this situation
:09:29. > :09:32.is aid agencies, both the international organisations and the
:09:33. > :09:38.NGOs should be more transparent about what they are doing. So that
:09:39. > :09:43.everybody can plan and know where it is that the needs are greatest.
:09:44. > :09:48.Something like the DEC is co-ordination of aid effort, isn't
:09:49. > :09:50.it? That's a co-ordination of raising the money, but the crucial
:09:51. > :09:55.thing and we didn't see this in Haiti and we need to see it in the
:09:56. > :09:58.Philippines is the money as it gets spent is spent in a way that
:09:59. > :10:01.everybody can see who is doing what because that's the only way that
:10:02. > :10:06.people will be able to work out on the ground where they can contribute
:10:07. > :10:09.and in the 21st century it doesn't make sense that we don't know how
:10:10. > :10:14.the aid is spent. Have you any thought about the
:10:15. > :10:18.different ways we react to different disasters? Well, clearly, there is
:10:19. > :10:25.huge sympathy for something like this which is strong on television,
:10:26. > :10:31.if you look in the Central African Republic now and there are 400,000
:10:32. > :10:38.displaced people. There is a huge difference in how they approach it.
:10:39. > :10:43.The aid caravan moves on from one disaster to the other. If you look
:10:44. > :10:48.in Haiti, $9 billion was spent on a country of ten billion people and at
:10:49. > :10:53.the la end of -- and at the end of last year while the Red Cross had
:10:54. > :10:58.?300 million, that was twice what was spent on permanent housing and
:10:59. > :11:03.400,000 people were still in tents. It is obscene and my stomach turned
:11:04. > :11:08.when I saw the activities and some of the things that people were
:11:09. > :11:12.saying while the Haitians were frozen out of any decision making
:11:13. > :11:15.and having their lives ruined again. It is no coincidence the mayor
:11:16. > :11:18.called it the second earthquake and the second earthquake was the
:11:19. > :11:25.arrival of thousands of these aid agencies trying to raise money.
:11:26. > :11:29.You seem to be agreeing with him? If I was struck by a typhoon, I would
:11:30. > :11:32.want somebody to come and help me, to give me food, water and shelter
:11:33. > :11:36.and that's what people are doing and the idea that aid workers are there
:11:37. > :11:40.because they think it is glamorous when they are working around the
:11:41. > :11:44.clock in terrible conditions to help fellow human beings, that's obscene.
:11:45. > :11:47.Yes, we can do it better and I want to see the aid system work better
:11:48. > :11:51.and I am agreeing there are problems, but the idea that means
:11:52. > :11:54.the whole exercise should be disregarded as a caravan of people
:11:55. > :11:57.doing it in their own interests, that's cynicism. Thank you very
:11:58. > :12:01.much. There are unmistakeable signs that
:12:02. > :12:06.the NHS is gearing up for a crisis this winter. Downing Street has let
:12:07. > :12:08.it be known that the Prime Minister is getting personally involved in
:12:09. > :12:11.preparations. Like the leaves turning, warnings of a looming
:12:12. > :12:17.calamity in accident and emergency departments come round most autumns.
:12:18. > :12:20.But this year they are being taken more seriously than usual as the NHS
:12:21. > :12:22.awaits tomorrow's publication of the inquiry into how to improve A
:12:23. > :12:34.departments. Zoe Conway reports. Britain's politicians just can't
:12:35. > :12:39.keep their hands off the leavers when it comes to the NHS.
:12:40. > :12:45.And now the Prime Minister has decide to step in to be the A
:12:46. > :12:52.enforcer so he can avert a winter health crisis The NHS is meant to be
:12:53. > :12:57.largely independent of Government, but there is nothing like the threat
:12:58. > :13:02.of a winter crisis to push a politician's buttons. The number of
:13:03. > :13:05.people going to A departments has risen historically not least because
:13:06. > :13:10.of an ageing population, one million more people are coming through the
:13:11. > :13:14.doors than in 2010. Winter further challenges the system which is why
:13:15. > :13:17.we are supporting the most under pressure A with an additional
:13:18. > :13:23.?250 million, planning has started earlier than ever before this year.
:13:24. > :13:29.There are new reports today of 12,000 patients spending 12 hours or
:13:30. > :13:34.more on trolleys in A A is in crisis accord ing to the College of
:13:35. > :13:38.Emergency Medicine and this is before the winter started. People
:13:39. > :13:44.are asking where is the Government and what is it doing about it? So
:13:45. > :13:48.far all they have heard is crisis, what crisis?
:13:49. > :13:52.Andy Burnham is not the only one accusing the Government of
:13:53. > :13:57.complacency. Over the past few years, we have seen a huge reduction
:13:58. > :14:01.in the number of nursing staff at a time when workload is at record
:14:02. > :14:06.levels. What we have here is a system that is not got itself geared
:14:07. > :14:10.up to cope with what is inevitable that winter will come and unless we
:14:11. > :14:16.are very, very lucky, there will be that surge and I am saddened to say
:14:17. > :14:20.the planning in too many areas has not been good enough.
:14:21. > :14:24.The latest figures on the amount of time people spend waiting on
:14:25. > :14:28.hospital trolleys are hardly reassuring. There were over 87,000
:14:29. > :14:36.trolley waits of between four and 12 hours between April and October this
:14:37. > :14:42.year. Up from 47,000 two years ago. The Health Minister cuts the first
:14:43. > :14:48.turf a new ?187,000 centre. The NHS has always been the most
:14:49. > :14:54.politicised of public services. Its founder said that if a bed pan
:14:55. > :14:59.dropped on a hospital corridor, its noise should resound in the Palace
:15:00. > :15:03.of Westminster. Never mind so-called bed-blocking, wards are regularly
:15:04. > :15:08.clogged up by Prime Ministers desperate to roll up their sleeves
:15:09. > :15:11.and get their hands clean. But some say be warned. David Cameron might
:15:12. > :15:16.pull leavers, but they won't necessarily be attached to anything.
:15:17. > :15:22.The funny thing about this debate, the NHS is made up, if you look at
:15:23. > :15:25.it, of autonomous institutions by are hospitals and foundation trusts
:15:26. > :15:31.and what goes on in the hospitals is not actually very closely affected
:15:32. > :15:37.by politicians or policy, but you get this theatre every time there is
:15:38. > :15:41.worries over the NHS and how it will cope with the winterment
:15:42. > :15:45.There are concerns the last thing A need now is Whitehall meddling.
:15:46. > :15:49.It is really puzzling. We have seen the largest piece of legislation
:15:50. > :15:52.about the NHS in its history, entirely designed to take
:15:53. > :15:56.politicians out of the day-to-day running of the NHS and the rational
:15:57. > :16:00.behind that reasonably was that when you have the politicians entirely
:16:01. > :16:04.focussing in this war room way on what's going on, all the energy in
:16:05. > :16:07.the system looks up to try and keep the levels above them happy when
:16:08. > :16:11.they actually should be spending their energy looking at the service
:16:12. > :16:16.and how to improve it and how to redesign it.
:16:17. > :16:19.Tom, the medical director of the information is expected to recommend
:16:20. > :16:25.a radical overhaul of the way A are run. Today, there was this hint
:16:26. > :16:27.from Jeremy Hunt. Yes, there are difficult decisions, but they are
:16:28. > :16:33.decisions that his Government ducked and left the public exposed as a
:16:34. > :16:36.result. Some are already wondering whether
:16:37. > :16:45.difficult decisions could be political speak for A closures?
:16:46. > :16:48.Well, Cliff Mann is President of the College of Emergency Medicine which
:16:49. > :16:53.has warned that this year could see the worst ever winter in the NHS.
:16:54. > :17:00.You say that every year, don't you? We haven't been asked most years. We
:17:01. > :17:02.have been asked this year and we have been warning. The Department of
:17:03. > :17:06.Health says the NHS has never been in better shape to cope with the
:17:07. > :17:10.winter coming? I think that most of the things that people say are true,
:17:11. > :17:13.the problem is, it is not the whole truth. We get little soundbites of
:17:14. > :17:17.information here and there, and we are not taking the whole picture. So
:17:18. > :17:22.you take politicians from one side of the fence and what they say is
:17:23. > :17:25.true, if you take politicians from the other side of the House, but
:17:26. > :17:31.what they say is also true, but it is not the whole picture and the NHS
:17:32. > :17:34.is a complex struck steward and -- structure.
:17:35. > :17:39.Is it not the case that an extra what is it ?500 billion is being
:17:40. > :17:43.spent on A over the next two years? Well, ?250 million this year
:17:44. > :17:48.of which only a small proportion is going to A and even then only to
:17:49. > :17:52.the 50 worst performling trusts -- performing trusts which leaves 150
:17:53. > :17:57.trusts can no money this year. How much more money do you think you
:17:58. > :18:01.need or is it a bottomless pit? We don't need any more money. We are
:18:02. > :18:07.spending a lot of money, the ?250 million for this winner, last --
:18:08. > :18:14.winter, last year we spend over ?100 million for locums so that's ?350
:18:15. > :18:19.million, but we spend it on short-term fixes instead of sorting
:18:20. > :18:24.out the problem. You -- you and your colleagues spent
:18:25. > :18:29.a long time telling politicians to butt out of management of the NHS
:18:30. > :18:35.and they do so and you make a pig's ear of it? We have never suggested
:18:36. > :18:38.that politicians should butt out. We wanted a streamlined bureaucracy
:18:39. > :18:42.within the NHS and that's what we haven't got.
:18:43. > :18:47.Politician are having to wade in to bail you out at of the mess you find
:18:48. > :18:50.yourselves in by your own account? Yes, this is the mess not of our own
:18:51. > :18:53.making. The problems in the emergency departments up and down
:18:54. > :18:57.the country are a mismatch between the numbers of patients attending
:18:58. > :19:00.our departments and the numbers of staff we have to deal with that.
:19:01. > :19:05.Whose fault is that? There has been a lack of medium and long-term
:19:06. > :19:09.planning and no recognition if you remove credible alternatives to
:19:10. > :19:14.out-of-hours care, the only place for people to attend is their local
:19:15. > :19:17.accident and emergency departments and that's why numbers are rising.
:19:18. > :19:23.And whose fault is that? That's a fault of a series of Government
:19:24. > :19:26.decisions and decisions made by other bodies as your reporter said
:19:27. > :19:31.which means that there has been a lack of clarity as to what those
:19:32. > :19:34.out-of-hours services are. Are you reassured the Prime Minister
:19:35. > :19:39.is taking personal charge of sorting things out this winter? Well, I am
:19:40. > :19:43.always pleased to hear that senior Cabinet Ministers and the Prime
:19:44. > :19:46.Minister himself wants to take an interest in this. I feel for a long
:19:47. > :19:50.time the college has been trying to get our point across and for the
:19:51. > :19:54.first base really, was to get people to hear what we're saying. Now they
:19:55. > :19:58.are hearing what we are saying, hopefully we can move to the next
:19:59. > :20:02.point which is where we need to take decisive action.
:20:03. > :20:06.Thanks. There are some people who seem to
:20:07. > :20:10.think that the way you reduce the cost of living in this country is
:20:11. > :20:13.for the state to spend more and more taxpayers' money. They're wrong.
:20:14. > :20:17.That was the gist of the Prime Minister's message in telling us we
:20:18. > :20:19.have to get used to a permanently smaller state. Infuriated trades
:20:20. > :20:23.unionists take this as evidence that David Cameron and his coterie have
:20:24. > :20:25.no understanding of how tight things are for ordinary people. But it
:20:26. > :20:29.prompted our political editor, Allegra Stratton, who has just about
:20:30. > :20:33.to take off on maternity leave, to take a look at what we can make out
:20:34. > :20:36.of Cameron's changing view on the state.
:20:37. > :20:45.The State is being shrunk. A ?20 billion shrinkage here and more cuts
:20:46. > :20:50.there. By the end of this pamplt and the middle of next spending on
:20:51. > :20:56.public services will be down to less than a quarter of total UK GDP, all
:20:57. > :21:03.reluctantly down the mroim once told us. I didn't come into politics to
:21:04. > :21:08.make suts. Neither -- cutsment neither did Nick Clegg. Then this,
:21:09. > :21:12.last night. We have cut the deficit by a third. That doesn't mean taking
:21:13. > :21:17.difficult decisions on public spending. It also means something
:21:18. > :21:24.more profound. It means building a leaner, more efficient State. We
:21:25. > :21:27.need to do more with less. Not just now, but permanently.
:21:28. > :21:32.The difficulty for the Conservatives is that while the public appear to
:21:33. > :21:36.accept a shrinkage in the size of the deficit, in most polling, they
:21:37. > :21:40.are less keen on shrunken public services, for this reason, Tories
:21:41. > :21:45.are warned against bashing of the State, it puts swing voters off.
:21:46. > :21:49.Efforts to shrink the State continued. Before the last general
:21:50. > :21:52.election, the shen Shadow Chancellor announced -- the then Shadow
:21:53. > :21:57.Chancellor announced many billions of pounds of spending cuts. One
:21:58. > :22:02.biographer recounts that he turned to an aide and said, "Well, let's
:22:03. > :22:07.see if this costs us the general election." The Tories know there is
:22:08. > :22:14.scepticism about any plan to shrink the State and big public spending
:22:15. > :22:18.cuts and for that reason, they have been sheepishly about them. When I
:22:19. > :22:22.woke up and heard the BBC was reporting that you can make public
:22:23. > :22:33.services better, I thought I had died and gone to heaven. What
:22:34. > :22:36.changed? They think spending restraint. Michael Gove cut head
:22:37. > :22:43.count at the Department of Education. 23,000 admin posts were
:22:44. > :22:49.cut from the NHS, he said, but 5,000 doctors were taken on.
:22:50. > :22:53.But another factor is growing, the economy is recovering, but Labour's
:22:54. > :22:58.poll lead over the Conservatives is holding up, Tories think they have
:22:59. > :23:01.to make voters believe that a Labour Government would scale back up
:23:02. > :23:06.spending in public services, that it would mean a bigger State. The Prime
:23:07. > :23:09.Minister hopes to focus voters' minds on the reality of letting
:23:10. > :23:15.Labour back into power. He hopes that by talking about a leaner
:23:16. > :23:27.State, he is capitalising on voter concern about runaway public
:23:28. > :23:35.finances and also making Labour look provlogate in comparison. If the PM
:23:36. > :23:40.continues with austerity, fresh areas must be cut in areas
:23:41. > :23:47.untouched. So David Cameron is a tireless roller back of the State's
:23:48. > :23:55.frontier, but not every mile of it and not this side of the election.
:23:56. > :24:00.Of our most distinguished composers died today. Sir John Tavener was 69,
:24:01. > :24:06.a deeply religious man who had been plagued by ill-health for much of
:24:07. > :24:09.his life. The pain, he said this summer, had made him terribly
:24:10. > :24:10.grateful for every moment he had left. Let's hear a little of his
:24:11. > :24:49.work. How big a loss do you think he is?
:24:50. > :24:56.It is a considerable loss because he forged a very individual voice. He
:24:57. > :25:04.is rather like the English, he spoke to a huge number of people. He
:25:05. > :25:13.started off as an avant-garde composer and wrote pieces like The
:25:14. > :25:17.Whale. Celtic Requiem, these pieces were at the forefront of the
:25:18. > :25:27.avant-garde and then he retreated into a spir spiritual world and
:25:28. > :25:31.found a kind of language, that was sense uous and med tative and it
:25:32. > :25:35.appealed to a need in people, in society, for something that was
:25:36. > :25:38.spiritual which allowed people to look inside themselves and see their
:25:39. > :25:44.place in a wider world. What was he like? You had the thrill
:25:45. > :25:50.of having him compose pieces for you, but you performed for him? What
:25:51. > :25:58.was that relationship like? Well, it was very intense because after I did
:25:59. > :26:04.his opera Mary of Egypt, he started to write a lot of pieces for soprano
:26:05. > :26:07.voice. The pieces he wrote for me, they got more and more complex and
:26:08. > :26:13.difficult, but they always seemed to fit my voice and he had a very
:26:14. > :26:19.particular sound in his mind so working together to achieve that was
:26:20. > :26:32.quite difficult. But I think I managed to... Was he intimidating?
:26:33. > :26:37.Sometimes, yes. He really pushed the voice, I think, even with his core
:26:38. > :26:44.of music to the extremes. I never sang as I have sung in his music and
:26:45. > :26:48.I have never sung as high, but another piece went as high. I sang
:26:49. > :26:56.in the Albert Hall where I had to start on a D. It was up in the Gods
:26:57. > :27:02.and the orchestra were down there and I had to hit this note and hold
:27:03. > :27:08.it for several bars. But he was also, you know, very human. He had a
:27:09. > :27:11.great sense of humour and working with him was quite, you know, good
:27:12. > :27:23.fun. You are agreeing? Absolutely.
:27:24. > :27:27.Although John had a manistic side he liked the finer things, fine food
:27:28. > :27:34.and when he was younger, girls. He wasn't part of that Beatles set for
:27:35. > :27:41.nothing. He had a wonderful white suit. He was so tall and he had this
:27:42. > :27:47.congenital heart problem which killed him. Together with the white
:27:48. > :27:54.suit and the white scar of, there was a white Rolls-Royce and he cut a
:27:55. > :27:58.wonderful figure. You had this naughty boy about town, which I
:27:59. > :28:01.rather liked. What was his relationship with the establishment
:28:02. > :28:06.like, the musical establishment? I think they found him hard to accept
:28:07. > :28:16.for a while because, you know, when people actually strike a chord, you
:28:17. > :28:27.know, write the song that was done at Princess Diana's funeral, critics
:28:28. > :28:32.and establishment look esconse, and his music speaks to millions of
:28:33. > :28:37.people. He did a vigil which people sat through entranced. He had that
:28:38. > :28:42.ability to take people on a journey. Did you have any sense of why he
:28:43. > :28:47.struck this chord? What it was about his music or his presence coming
:28:48. > :28:51.through his music? Do you know, I think he really connected with the
:28:52. > :28:57.spiritual and he took risks to achieve that. I mean he actually
:28:58. > :29:03.explored not just western music, he, when I first met him, he played
:29:04. > :29:09.Indian classical music to me, and he loved Indian music. He tried to get
:29:10. > :29:13.programme organisers to enlist this piece you mentioned which was seven
:29:14. > :29:18.hours long. He with started at 10pm and finished with the dawn and
:29:19. > :29:24.that's a very Indian idea... It is a happening. Exactly. It really is. He
:29:25. > :29:29.drew instruments from China, from India, most people said it is
:29:30. > :29:34.inconvenient, but actually, it brought another dimension in. Even
:29:35. > :29:39.Middle Eastern elements. Not everything was a masterpiece, but a
:29:40. > :29:46.lot of it was really wonderful Thank you very much.
:29:47. > :29:50.It looks as if Ireland is about to become the first country in the
:29:51. > :29:54.eurozone to emerge from the bail out programmes set up when the currency
:29:55. > :29:57.went into spasm a few years ago. That moved the Celtic Tiger off the
:29:58. > :30:01.list of endangered species and into the category of the extinct. But the
:30:02. > :30:04.Irish, unlike some other parts of the eurozone took the medicine
:30:05. > :30:07.prescribed and now it seems their economy is judged to be well
:30:08. > :30:10.recovering. But the picture is almost as confused as the metaphors
:30:11. > :30:18.with hordes of young people still driven to seek their fortunes
:30:19. > :30:26.abroad. Joe Lynam brought his shovel over to Britain years ago. There
:30:27. > :30:36.were kids around Ireland sent to school with kes ketchup sandwiches.
:30:37. > :30:42.I just feel we exist as a family from month to month. Ireland will
:30:43. > :30:45.emerge as a much more stable, much more realistic place. How many
:30:46. > :30:56.people here intend to emigrate in the next two or three years?
:30:57. > :31:00.The Irish economy collapsed five years ago, when a giant property
:31:01. > :31:04.bubble burst taking the banking system with it. Because Ireland was
:31:05. > :31:11.locked into the euro, it couldn't relieve pressure by devaluing its
:31:12. > :31:14.currency, a bail out from the EU and IMF ensued and so too did tough
:31:15. > :31:19.austerity. Ireland is forecast to grow by over
:31:20. > :31:30.1% this year, the fact that it is growing at all is thanks in large
:31:31. > :31:36.part to the tech sector. Welcome to Dublin.
:31:37. > :31:44.The capital of Ireland. Welcome to Ireland. The new capital
:31:45. > :31:48.of the digital world. APPLAUSE
:31:49. > :31:52.Tech, whilst employing 8% or 9% of the workforce accounts for 40% of
:31:53. > :31:58.its exports. Tech giants like Facebook, Google
:31:59. > :32:08.and scwap twitter have their European offices in Ireland. Here
:32:09. > :32:14.for for tax breaks and talent. Emigration is the stain which
:32:15. > :32:17.Ireland simply cannot wash off. Whereas before, it was the
:32:18. > :32:22.uneducated who left for the US, Canada or the UK.
:32:23. > :32:26.Now, 1,000 well educated, mostly young people are taking their
:32:27. > :32:32.talents overseas every week. Just when they are needed most at home.
:32:33. > :32:38.Robert Burn is a psychology under graduate at UCD, he wants to work in
:32:39. > :32:43.hospitals, but the public sector is slimming down and had pay cuts of a
:32:44. > :32:47.fifth across-the-board. So Robert is job hunting in Australia and New
:32:48. > :32:51.Zealand. I grew up in an environment where everybody was praising the
:32:52. > :32:54.economy and everyone thought the Irish economy was the best thing
:32:55. > :33:00.ever, but we have seen it is not sustain bible and it is really
:33:01. > :33:03.affecting the youth. So personally, it is upsetting to feel that I have
:33:04. > :33:08.to leave the country and leave behind my family and friends.
:33:09. > :33:11.Newsnight arranged for 60 students to come together for a he debate
:33:12. > :33:16.about emigration and their future. We are here to find out what
:33:17. > :33:22.motivates people, whether it is getting some experience and coming
:33:23. > :33:25.back or the fact there are no opportunities here in Ireland?
:33:26. > :33:28.People have lost family members through suicide because of financial
:33:29. > :33:34.pressure. There is kids around Ireland who have been sent to school
:33:35. > :33:38.with ketchup sandwiches. We are here, we are safe enough, protected
:33:39. > :33:42.enough, but there is people and families in this country without
:33:43. > :33:45.hope. Do you feel the anger that some young under graduates may feel,
:33:46. > :33:54.their prospects are withering in front of them? No. I don't feel it
:33:55. > :34:01.and I haven't observed it and I think if you are an under graduate
:34:02. > :34:05.with no plan and no specific goal in mind, it is very easy to become
:34:06. > :34:14.disillusioned and upset about the future. We have employers contacted,
:34:15. > :34:22.I have employers contacting me every day. Who laughed at that prospect?
:34:23. > :34:28.People under 25 are earning 25% less. People who are two or three
:34:29. > :34:31.years older are earning 17% more in the same role as people who are
:34:32. > :34:37.under 25 year. Despite the seeming pessimism, they
:34:38. > :34:46.are positive about the future. I want a show hands, no one is allowed
:34:47. > :34:50.to abstain. Who is optimistic? Whatever the evidence is, Irish
:34:51. > :34:53.people always feel that things could be worse and you find people in
:34:54. > :34:59.Ireland will tell you that at least we are not Greece. And they will
:35:00. > :35:04.feel it is about to get better. Unlike the Greeks or Spanish, the
:35:05. > :35:09.Irish didn't vent their anger on the streets, so what does that say about
:35:10. > :35:15.their character and have they changed since the crisis. One famous
:35:16. > :35:21.Irish boxer thinks so. I think it has create more care in the
:35:22. > :35:26.community. More cohesiveness within society in general. People are
:35:27. > :35:31.helping out more often. There is more charity in what people do and
:35:32. > :35:36.the way they help each other and I think it made us better.
:35:37. > :35:42.Maybe taking it on the chin, we have had a lot of hard times, a lot of
:35:43. > :35:46.people of my age and younger had to emigrate and go abroad and find work
:35:47. > :35:52.and life abroad and probably won't come home at all maybe and you know,
:35:53. > :35:57.that's hard from a friend's point of view and from a family point of
:35:58. > :36:01.view. The word is Ireland's demise and
:36:02. > :36:05.potential rise, better illustrated than its property market. House
:36:06. > :36:10.prices crashed by almost 60% when the crisis struck, but have started
:36:11. > :36:17.rising again in Dublin and the main cities.
:36:18. > :36:24.How much would this place typically sell for? OK, at the moment, this
:36:25. > :36:29.would sell between 525,000 and 550,000. The same house 12 months
:36:30. > :36:34.ago was probably more around the 450,000 mark.
:36:35. > :36:38.70,000 or 8le 0,000 drop in the space of 12 months? Absolutely.
:36:39. > :36:43.Whoever buys this house will have a smaller mortgage than those who
:36:44. > :36:51.bought in the five or so years before the crash in 2008. They
:36:52. > :36:57.include Mandy Freeman, a theatre nurse earning 36,000 per annum, but
:36:58. > :37:01.describes herself as one of Ireland's working poor. Her income
:37:02. > :37:06.has been slashed by a quarter. There is a deficit in the pay packet every
:37:07. > :37:10.month. We have had to cut our health insurance. We don't have family
:37:11. > :37:15.holidays anymore and we have had to cut a lot of corners in relation to
:37:16. > :37:20.shopping and utility bills and outgoings. I feel we exist as a
:37:21. > :37:26.family from month to month. Mandy was typical of many who
:37:27. > :37:30.believed the boom would never end so badly. One prominent Irish
:37:31. > :37:35.businessman feels that the Irish knew they would have to atone.
:37:36. > :37:38.Somewhere deep down there in the Catholic mentality was an
:37:39. > :37:45.understanding that actually, we will have to pay for this. People were
:37:46. > :37:51.being driven by, you know, a quick buck, the opportunity to make money,
:37:52. > :37:54.the pushing of things. There was a sense that something was lost and
:37:55. > :37:58.you had this huge influx of people from outside who did most of the
:37:59. > :38:05.work. There was a kind of almost a laziness that crept into Irish
:38:06. > :38:10.society. Ireland still has 13% unemployment
:38:11. > :38:15.and one of the highest levels of personal and Government debt in
:38:16. > :38:21.Europe, but GDP and job creation is up and confidence that it is nudging
:38:22. > :38:42.higher. Ireland was the model pupil who took its punishment stowically.
:38:43. > :38:50.Well John Bruton is a former Irish Prime Minister. Ann Pettifor is
:38:51. > :38:54.director of Policy Research in macro economics. , what is the lesson? We
:38:55. > :38:57.have formed a direct investment sector, you menning mentioned
:38:58. > :39:00.pharmaceuticals, and financial services and also we have made this
:39:01. > :39:05.a country where it is easy to set-up a new business, the bureaucracy
:39:06. > :39:09.involved in establishing a new business is small and that has
:39:10. > :39:14.encouraged a lot of Irish people to set-up businesses, spinning off from
:39:15. > :39:19.the hi-tech sector and has enabled us to be in a situation now where
:39:20. > :39:24.our services exports exceed our goods exports. So we are a dynamic
:39:25. > :39:27.economy and we are also an open economy in contrast to say Greece,
:39:28. > :39:32.Portugal or Spain where they basically trade within their own
:39:33. > :39:40.nation. We export and import much more which means that... Sorry to
:39:41. > :39:43.cut across you there. It is a very a mixed picture when you see a lot of
:39:44. > :39:49.young people emigrating, a lot of people had to take serious cuts in
:39:50. > :39:53.their living standards, and worry about making ends meet and yet,
:39:54. > :39:59.according to the IMF and the European Central Bank, this is an
:40:00. > :40:05.economy that's resurgent? I heard Joe Lynam say that as well. There
:40:06. > :40:09.has been an uptake in the quarterly numbers on GDP, the European
:40:10. > :40:12.Commission says the economy continues to contract. We have high
:40:13. > :40:20.levels of unemployment. We have incomes falling. We have households
:40:21. > :40:25.with 200% of their debt to disposable income and we have a
:40:26. > :40:32.country that's effectively evicting a generation of its people, 1,000
:40:33. > :40:37.people a week and it is a tax haven. So I mean I really think that the
:40:38. > :40:41.talk... You wouldn't think the two of you are talking about the same
:40:42. > :40:45.country? There is a lot of spin going on about Ireland. The economy
:40:46. > :40:54.has not been restructured, not a lot has changed since the crisis. John
:40:55. > :41:00.Bruton? I would like Ann to no he at the height of the crisis, we were
:41:01. > :41:04.losing jobs. The number employed was doing reduced by 8,000 a month. We
:41:05. > :41:08.are adding jobs at a rate of 3,000 a month and that's changed completely.
:41:09. > :41:13.Ireland is not a tax haven. Ireland made a decision to have a low
:41:14. > :41:17.corporate tax rate, but that's a transparent system of taxation with
:41:18. > :41:22.no special deals for individual companies like you see in certain
:41:23. > :41:25.Continental European countries. Of course, we have a problem with
:41:26. > :41:29.personal debt. That's how we got into the difficulty we are in, but
:41:30. > :41:38.where the level of personal debt is being reduced and the Government has
:41:39. > :41:41.on every occasion met the fiscal targets for dealing with its
:41:42. > :41:46.financial problems. One of the reasons why Ireland is having
:41:47. > :41:51.trouble accessing the ESM is that Ireland's European partners are
:41:52. > :41:59.really angry about the corporate tax levels, about the fact that they are
:42:00. > :42:04.effectively subsidising Ireland. This is another argument altogether?
:42:05. > :42:07.No, we are being lent money by our European partners upon which we are
:42:08. > :42:11.paying interest. That's not a subsidy. That's a deliberate
:42:12. > :42:17.decision by our European partners that they want to keep the European
:42:18. > :42:20.single currency together, they don't want Europe going down the route of
:42:21. > :42:26.devaluation and inflation of the kind we had in the 70s and # 0s --
:42:27. > :42:29.80s, they are building a single currency and that solidarity is
:42:30. > :42:35.being shown to Ireland and we appreciate it and hopefully in due
:42:36. > :42:41.time we will be able to reciprocate it? By under cutting her partners in
:42:42. > :42:47.tax terms, this is causing quite a lot of anger not just in Europe, but
:42:48. > :42:52.also in the United States? No. Ireland had this tax rate... I am
:42:53. > :42:55.going to have to cut you off because we don't have anymore time for this
:42:56. > :43:02.discussion. I am sorry. Thank you.
:43:03. > :43:05.Now a rare encounter with genius. The shy chanteuse Lady Gaga is
:43:06. > :43:08.coming back from a debilitating illness with a new album. At a
:43:09. > :43:14.characteristically modest launch event in which she was transported
:43:15. > :43:18.by flying frock. She told the world that her latest work is not really
:43:19. > :43:22.about me at all, not about money and mass production, but about moving
:43:23. > :43:24.the world away from a place of vanity and ego. This Mahatma-like
:43:25. > :43:29.ambition was irresistible to Miranda Sawyer of the Culture Show.
:43:30. > :43:37.Gaga. We can back. Thank you forking having me. You had an enforceted
:43:38. > :43:42.absence between the last album and this one due to illness. How were
:43:43. > :43:48.you as a patient? And how is it to be back? Well, I guess I was a good
:43:49. > :43:53.patient because I was so excited to rejuvenate my body. It was exciting
:43:54. > :43:58.in a way. You feel like an infant, but in another way, I felt dead all
:43:59. > :44:05.the time because I couldn't be on stage so I guess I just really took
:44:06. > :44:12.to enjoying and appreciationing the parts of what I do, that are life is
:44:13. > :44:17.art all the time as a way too make it through that sort of torture I
:44:18. > :44:22.was feeling. I think it was good for me because this stage is, you know,
:44:23. > :44:26.it is a place that I started to rely on, I think, very much and the fans
:44:27. > :44:31.and that interconnection and when it went away, I had to find a more
:44:32. > :44:35.spiritual connection with music and art and I am sort am on that journey
:44:36. > :44:39.path now. When you this I of how you present
:44:40. > :44:45.yourself on stage. If you think about a lot of pop artists and
:44:46. > :44:49.female artists who are presented in a straightforwardly sexual way. They
:44:50. > :44:54.have to be really good looking and presented as though the first thing
:44:55. > :44:59.you are going to react to is do you fancy them. You don't do that,
:45:00. > :45:04.sometimes you do and sometimes you don't. How do you regard your body
:45:05. > :45:12.then within that context? Well, I would say that in pop music, in that
:45:13. > :45:18.particular sphere that there is one dimensional quality to sexuality. I
:45:19. > :45:21.think the difference between what I do and that, if I can maybe start
:45:22. > :45:27.there, is there is an intention always behind the sexuality if the
:45:28. > :45:32.sexuality is there, but most of the time I don't particularly find
:45:33. > :45:37.myself to be very sexy actually and in the beginning of my career, I
:45:38. > :45:43.think that some of this exploration of covering myself up and
:45:44. > :45:48.transforming into other icons and other states of life was a sense of
:45:49. > :45:53.sexual freedom for me because I felt numb by my experiences and I wanted
:45:54. > :45:56.to escape things. You use sex on this album in quite, in an
:45:57. > :46:02.interesting way. There is lots of different aspects to it, but often
:46:03. > :46:05.it is used as a way into love, it seems? The sex is hopefully going to
:46:06. > :46:09.lead on to something that will touch you a little more. Would you say
:46:10. > :46:17.that's right? Yes, I would say that's right, but I don't create
:46:18. > :46:21.with the intention of the finale, if that makes any sense? I don't always
:46:22. > :46:25.know what is going to come out of it. So it is really beautiful for me
:46:26. > :46:30.to hear your reading of my experience with sex and love at this
:46:31. > :46:42.time because my earlier experiences with sex were quite perverted and
:46:43. > :46:46.scary, terrifying, fear. I don't know, it reminds me of these things
:46:47. > :46:52.we are sitting around. Yeah, they are quite spooky, aren't
:46:53. > :46:57.they? It was a little bit terrifying for me so now I have really great
:46:58. > :47:00.sex. Which is good k, I'm glad to hear it. It is a natural change.
:47:01. > :47:04.When you are talking about your reaction to your fans, your
:47:05. > :47:09.relationship seems to be particularly intense. It is. What do
:47:10. > :47:14.you get from them? Not just when you are performing, but when you see
:47:15. > :47:21.them outside the hotel, when they talk to you? Well, I choose to
:47:22. > :47:29.receive their love and because of that, it has become very intimate
:47:30. > :47:33.over the years. I think that you know maybe in your suggestion that
:47:34. > :47:41.my relationship with my fans is different than some other pop
:47:42. > :47:45.artists, I think some of it is because there is a separation
:47:46. > :47:51.between them and the work for some people. That what I'm doing here and
:47:52. > :47:58.what is happening here are two different things. But because I've
:47:59. > :48:07.studied since I was 11 years old, I have a sense of, I have a sense. So
:48:08. > :48:13.because of that I am aware of their energy all the time and I receive
:48:14. > :48:17.it, so I need it for my work. I can't survive as what I have become
:48:18. > :48:21.without them. I didn't mean to interrupt then, sorry. I didn't mean
:48:22. > :48:30.to talk for so long! These things happen, you know, you have got a lot
:48:31. > :48:36.to say. Do I? I might sound total sheet and your ratings will go down
:48:37. > :48:42.and you will wonder why you put me on this show.
:48:43. > :48:48.You can see more of that interview on a Culture Show special.
:48:49. > :48:52.Until then, sleep well.