:00:10. > :00:15.The Vatican systematically turned a blind eye to the abuse of thousands
:00:16. > :00:18.of children by priests. The claim comes not from some fringe
:00:19. > :00:23.organisation or even victims of abuse. It comes from the United
:00:24. > :00:29.Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. New era or no new era,
:00:30. > :00:34.this unprecedented attack has left the church aggrieved and angry. Does
:00:35. > :00:37.the UN speak for natural justice and is the Channel Tunnel capable of
:00:38. > :00:42.reform? Can you read the new Latin or is the
:00:43. > :00:46.plan to teach computer code about as practicable as compulsory ancient
:00:47. > :00:51.Greek. As strike action allows London's buses to offer the kind of
:00:52. > :00:55.claustrophobic experience normally only reserved for tube passengers,
:00:56. > :01:02.can there really be Conservative plans to ban strikes. So today's
:01:03. > :01:07.strike would have been unlawful. And there would have been a judge
:01:08. > :01:11.deciding between TFL and London over the job cuts. That's right, there
:01:12. > :01:16.would not be a strike. We will ask the former England cricket captain,
:01:17. > :01:26.Michael Vaughan, why on earth the game's bosses have sacked our best
:01:27. > :01:30.batsman. There has never been a report like it. There is the target,
:01:31. > :01:35.for one thing, the Vatican, vet seat of power in the Catholic Church.
:01:36. > :01:38.There is the accuser for another, an arm of the United Nations and the
:01:39. > :01:42.language for one more. It is blistering. The UN committee for the
:01:43. > :01:47.rights of the child, accuses of Catholic Church of adopting policies
:01:48. > :01:50.which allowed priests to abuse thousands of children. It is
:01:51. > :01:55.scathing about the church's behaviour. In a moment I will be
:01:56. > :01:59.talking to a press spokesman for the Vatican and an abuse survivor.
:02:00. > :02:06.First we have this report. Pope Francis may be an energetic and
:02:07. > :02:13.reforming new presence, but he henner incompetents -- inherits an
:02:14. > :02:18.old problem. Today the scandal that so tarnished Pope Benedict has not
:02:19. > :02:24.gone away. The report expressed "deepest concern" of the involvement
:02:25. > :02:29.of Catholic clerics in the abuse of tens and thousands of children
:02:30. > :02:33.worldwide. It called for the removal of Clergy that are known child
:02:34. > :02:38.abusers. It wants the Vaticans to open their files on Clergy that
:02:39. > :02:43.concealed their crimes. It condemned the transfer of child abusers to
:02:44. > :02:47.other parishes. The report's author said the church remained in breach
:02:48. > :02:51.of the UN Convention on Child protection. They are in breach of
:02:52. > :02:55.the convention, because they haven't done all the things they should have
:02:56. > :02:58.done. These are not only recommendations of best practice,
:02:59. > :03:01.some of them are real violations of the convention when you don't follow
:03:02. > :03:08.up and protect children when you have the possibility to do so. We
:03:09. > :03:13.would consider it a violation for future if they don't follow up on
:03:14. > :03:16.our recommendations. The scandal has had a devastating effect on the
:03:17. > :03:20.reputation of the church and much of the developed world. Even in Italy,
:03:21. > :03:24.congregations of ageing, and the church recruits priests from the
:03:25. > :03:28.developing world, where the faith is growing. Critics say the church has
:03:29. > :03:32.been more concerned with protecting its own reputation than with
:03:33. > :03:36.protecting the children in its care. I think the Catholic Church in the
:03:37. > :03:43.UK, certainly in England and Wales, has taken huge steps forward, and it
:03:44. > :03:47.is held up as a good example of child protection procedures and
:03:48. > :03:52.policies. But worldwide, the United Nations has said that children,
:03:53. > :03:57.thousands of children have been abused and many are still at risk, I
:03:58. > :04:02.think that is very significant. Having said that I do place some
:04:03. > :04:07.faith in Pope Francis, because he has said that child protection is
:04:08. > :04:11.the most important thing. The church is growing fast in Africa and south
:04:12. > :04:15.and central America, where local Clergy are held in high public
:04:16. > :04:19.veneration. Compared to Europe and North America, clerical child abuse
:04:20. > :04:22.is seldom even acknowledged here. That doesn't mean it is not
:04:23. > :04:30.happening. One abuse survivor told Newsnight last year that he had been
:04:31. > :04:34.abused in the very place he thought he was safest. TRANSLATION: In the
:04:35. > :04:38.house of God, in a church, in a church that didn't pay attention to
:04:39. > :04:43.what was being done to me. What other priests were doing to other
:04:44. > :04:48.children. It is complicated really. As a child well you think the church
:04:49. > :04:55.is there to look after children, not in my case. No-one stopped what was
:04:56. > :05:00.going on. The UN report has no legal standing, no power to effect change
:05:01. > :05:06.within these impervious walls. Pope Francis has promised to overhaul the
:05:07. > :05:10.notoriously secretive, defensive, Catholic hierarchy. Today's report
:05:11. > :05:17.is a reminder that there is much yet to be done. Well with us now here in
:05:18. > :05:26.the studio is one of the victims of that abuse. An abuse survivor a
:05:27. > :05:29.member of Snap, a network of those abused by priests. You were in
:05:30. > :05:33.Geneva today, what were your feelings about the report when it
:05:34. > :05:36.was published? It was very validating because we were very
:05:37. > :05:43.surprised that there was such a strong report. Because basically the
:05:44. > :05:48.United Nations has ratified what we the victims have been saying for
:05:49. > :05:52.decades, that there is a need for more transparency and the end of
:05:53. > :05:56.impunity, that child abuse is prosecuted, even if it is committed
:05:57. > :05:59.by priests. And also that there is a need for a culture of
:06:00. > :06:02.accountability. The bishops who protect child abusers have to be
:06:03. > :06:09.fired. I don't want to go into the details of your space, it happened
:06:10. > :06:14.in Spain. This pattern that the report refers to, where priests are
:06:15. > :06:19.moved from parish to parish and even country to country sometimes, rather
:06:20. > :06:24.than being brought to justice, is that something observably true in
:06:25. > :06:27.your experience? It was very interesting because there was a
:06:28. > :06:31.diverse group of survivors in Geneva. We were from different
:06:32. > :06:36.countries, different ages and the common experience was that when the
:06:37. > :06:41.Vatican have said they were changed and doing things in a different way,
:06:42. > :06:46.the feeling that we all had was that didn't happen in my case, they
:06:47. > :06:50.weren't transparent, they protected the abuser and they didn't punish
:06:51. > :06:53.him. There was a disconnect between the propaganda the Vatican was
:06:54. > :06:57.saying and our reality. The Vatican says it is going to "take note" of
:06:58. > :07:01.this report, which is a polite way of saying, I suspect, we will
:07:02. > :07:08.register that it has happened and that is about it, were you impressed
:07:09. > :07:13.by their reaction? No, but I wasn't surprised either. They will be doing
:07:14. > :07:18.and saying the same thing for the last 30 years. I guess they believe
:07:19. > :07:22.that they are going fast, taking into account how slowly the Channel
:07:23. > :07:25.Tunnel changes. But in child protection, a few decades is a
:07:26. > :07:31.really huge amount of time. They should have changed by now. But on
:07:32. > :07:39.the other happened the Catholic Church does have a legitimate
:07:40. > :07:45.complaint against the UN, this UN report has been attacked for its
:07:46. > :07:50.position on gay marriage and abortion, neither of which are the
:07:51. > :07:52.issues of the UN committee? I have read the report, from my
:07:53. > :07:58.understanding it doesn't exactly say what you are implying, they mention
:07:59. > :08:05.abortion in a very specific case, in which a child was raped and was
:08:06. > :08:09.pregnant and the bishop, instead of excommunicating the rapist,
:08:10. > :08:13.excommunicated the parent and the little child had an abortion. What
:08:14. > :08:19.the United Nations was saying that perhaps in the case of child rape
:08:20. > :08:23.the church could decide to take a more benevolent approach. I'm going
:08:24. > :08:28.to interrupt you there, we are joined from Toronto by the English
:08:29. > :08:36.language assistant to the holy see press office. Father Thomas, what's
:08:37. > :08:39.your reaction to this report? First of all the central purpose of the
:08:40. > :08:44.report was to address the question of child abuse by the Clergy. And I
:08:45. > :08:48.stand firmly with that report in that we have a problem and we have
:08:49. > :08:55.tried to address that problem as best as possible, especially since
:08:56. > :08:58.the year 2001. As the Holy See said formally and diplomatically, we have
:08:59. > :09:03.taken note of this and will respond in a detailed form to the issues
:09:04. > :09:06.raised. That is a diplomatic response to the report. However I
:09:07. > :09:12.have certain questions about how this report was generated, and also
:09:13. > :09:19.some very serious Lacuna or absence in this report of key issues. For
:09:20. > :09:23.example there is a complete obvious ignorance of the history of the
:09:24. > :09:27.Catholic Church in addressing the situation, especially since 2001.
:09:28. > :09:31.Secondly, there is a very clear attempt in this report to have a new
:09:32. > :09:34.reading of history. The report and those who wrote it do not understand
:09:35. > :09:39.the structure of the Catholic Church. And the third area of the
:09:40. > :09:46.report is what other religious group would endure a religious
:09:47. > :09:48.intervention by the United Nations into doctrinal practice and the
:09:49. > :09:51.living out of one's faith. This would never be done with other
:09:52. > :09:56.religious groups. I think the group went over the top in inserting
:09:57. > :09:59.themselves, or asserting themselves in areas over which they have no
:10:00. > :10:02.competence whatsoever. The basic thrust of the report on this
:10:03. > :10:07.question of child abuse, you agree with, that the Catholic Church has
:10:08. > :10:10.shown itself more concerned with moving priests around and protecting
:10:11. > :10:14.the reputation of your institution than it has with the welfare of the
:10:15. > :10:17.child, you accept that do you? We have said very clearly, as the
:10:18. > :10:25.church, from the highest level, all the way down to the diocese level
:10:26. > :10:30.that there have been crimes committed and sins committed. Let me
:10:31. > :10:34.ask you one simple question then. Let me finish the sentence please.
:10:35. > :10:37.You are saying what you have done in the past, I'm asking you in the
:10:38. > :10:41.light of the report whether you will now make it an instruction to
:10:42. > :10:44.diocese that when an allegation of child abuse is reported, the
:10:45. > :10:49.relevant prosecuting authorities or the police are informed immediately.
:10:50. > :10:53.That is under way now. It has been under way. So the report shows it is
:10:54. > :10:56.not ware of the policies and procedures that have been
:10:57. > :11:03.implemented. Now let me say this too, the report presumes that Rome,
:11:04. > :11:07.the Vatican, the Holy See sits perched on the hill issuing dictates
:11:08. > :11:11.to all the branch offices. That is not the reality of the church. The
:11:12. > :11:15.power of the church in this area resides with the local bishop. It
:11:16. > :11:22.resides in local situations. We know in some situations more than others
:11:23. > :11:27.the serious crimes are known to everyone and we have addressed them.
:11:28. > :11:30.In the numerous diocese in the United States, Canada and Great
:11:31. > :11:33.Britain where you are, that the bishops have been extremely
:11:34. > :11:38.courageous in addressing this issue. We know that other people have not
:11:39. > :11:43.been so assiduous and courageous to do that. We have a victim of abuse
:11:44. > :11:50.by a Catholic priest in the studio, would you like to react to what
:11:51. > :11:56.Father Thomas has just said? I would want to ask him two questions. The
:11:57. > :12:00.first question is the first time there was a report regarding the
:12:01. > :12:07.problem with child abuse was in 1995 and it was done by Father Thomas
:12:08. > :12:12.Doyle, I was three years old, they had 13 years to sort it out and
:12:13. > :12:17.perhaps if they had done something I wouldn't have been abused when I was
:12:18. > :12:25.16. They only decided to report crimes to the authorities in 2011,
:12:26. > :12:28.25 years after the first warning sign was shown. To put those two
:12:29. > :12:33.things together, you are saying that the problem has been one that they
:12:34. > :12:41.have not seen this as urgent? 25 years. Please let me just say this,
:12:42. > :12:45.is your name Miguel? Yes. First of all I want to apologise to you for
:12:46. > :12:51.what you have endured. On behalf of the church and on behalf of me as a
:12:52. > :12:54.priest, it is disgusting, it is criminal, sinful it is evil, and you
:12:55. > :12:59.have bourne this and you have suffered from it and I am very, very
:13:00. > :13:03.sorry, that being said, we are doing our absolute best to make sure that
:13:04. > :13:07.no more young people will endure what you, Miguel have endured.
:13:08. > :13:11.Gentlemen thank you very much indeed. I'm sorry about the
:13:12. > :13:13.technical problems we have had with all of this thank you very much both
:13:14. > :13:16.of you. Every politician knows the National
:13:17. > :13:20.Health Service is a sacred cow when it comes to talk of the need for
:13:21. > :13:24.cuts in public spending. If politics is about choices it is one choice
:13:25. > :13:27.no-one wants to argue for. But if there is a surge in demand for
:13:28. > :13:33.health care because of growing population, what does it mean to say
:13:34. > :13:36.the budget is ring-fenced, not much according to the Institute for
:13:37. > :13:39.Fiscal Studies which warned today that by the end of this decade we
:13:40. > :13:50.will have gone through a cut in health spending per person of nine.
:13:51. > :14:05.11%. -- nine. 1%. What want to think
:14:06. > :14:09.about -- who wants to think about money when this is happening. You
:14:10. > :14:13.are carrying life in you and billions of other women have done
:14:14. > :14:17.the same thing. It is knowing how fundamental wishes like that are,
:14:18. > :14:22.from giving birth and staying alive into old age that led politicians to
:14:23. > :14:26.ring-fence the NHS budget. With each of the issues fulfilled there is a
:14:27. > :14:30.new human being with needs, and they will need healthcare for longer than
:14:31. > :14:34.before. From the roof of the Royal London Hospital, you can get an idea
:14:35. > :14:37.of how many extra people trusts like these have to serve. It is because
:14:38. > :14:41.of the surge in population, not budget cuts, that NHS budgets are
:14:42. > :14:45.getting squeezed. The population growth is down to two factor,
:14:46. > :14:49.immigration and people living longer. That means that even though
:14:50. > :14:54.budgets are ring-fenced they are spread across more people, and there
:14:55. > :14:59.is less money to spend per person. Today the Institute for Fiscal
:15:00. > :15:03.studios made it clear how flimsy thes fence of the NHS has become.
:15:04. > :15:09.Between 2010 and 2019 the population will have grown by 3. 5 million. We
:15:10. > :15:14.are in this tough position where NHS spending is protected, but
:15:15. > :15:20.everywhere else will see big cuts, but even the NHS will feel tight.
:15:21. > :15:25.There is 9% less to spend on each individual given what has happened
:15:26. > :15:30.to the structure of the population. Bart's Health said you can find ways
:15:31. > :15:35.to care for more patients by the same budget like avoiding
:15:36. > :15:39.appointments. Missing appointments costs money, instead of women going
:15:40. > :15:42.to three different appointments for three different sites they come here
:15:43. > :15:47.and have all three appointments in the same day. So on the same day we
:15:48. > :15:51.do the bloods, we do the booking history and the scan. In another
:15:52. > :15:57.example of cuts that can help patients, London's stroke wards were
:15:58. > :16:00.cut, that cost howls of protest, but health patients avoid the most
:16:01. > :16:04.expensive part of healthcare. Now you get taken, if you have a stroke,
:16:05. > :16:08.to one of eight hyperacute stroke centres in London. This is one at
:16:09. > :16:11.the Royal London Hospital right now. What has happened is the length of
:16:12. > :16:16.stay across London for stroke has gone down from an average of 19 days
:16:17. > :16:19.to ten days. That is a significant benefit to patients, and significant
:16:20. > :16:23.saving for the healthcare economy. If you could well enough keeping
:16:24. > :16:28.people out of hospital it becomes logical to cut back on hospital
:16:29. > :16:32.beds. The problem is this isn't a national hospital service, it is a
:16:33. > :16:37.National Health Service, we tend to focus on hospitals as if they are
:16:38. > :16:43.the only way that care can be delivered. And one of the problems
:16:44. > :16:48.is that we find it difficult to demonstrate to the public and to
:16:49. > :16:53.some politicians the benefits of delivering care closer to home, more
:16:54. > :16:59.personalised and involving and engaging patients and carers. But as
:17:00. > :17:03.the Health Secretary, Jeremy Hunt recent leap found when he proposed
:17:04. > :17:09.downgrading Accident and Emergency services at Lewisham, what is
:17:10. > :17:12.clinically logical may not be politically palatable. The
:17:13. > :17:16.efficiencies can mean innovation, but it can also mean subtley
:17:17. > :17:20.restricting access to some treatments, otherwise known as
:17:21. > :17:25.rationing. At what point do you need an operation? What is the threshold
:17:26. > :17:29.you have to cross over until you need a cataract. How ill do you have
:17:30. > :17:33.to be before you need a hip operation and so on. These are
:17:34. > :17:38.clinical judgments and they are judgments, it is not a fixed line in
:17:39. > :17:42.the sand. But the NHS has looked at those. How in a sense how behind do
:17:43. > :17:49.you have to be before you have a cataract. However the NHS innovates,
:17:50. > :17:55.it will be hard to convince the public that a cut of 9% per person
:17:56. > :17:58.won't hurt a bit. For couples making their on contribution to the
:17:59. > :18:02.population, every pound spent on healthcare is precious.
:18:03. > :18:07.How good are you at writing computer code. Once upon a time ambitious
:18:08. > :18:10.parents discouraged their children from learning keyboard skills
:18:11. > :18:14.because they might determine their job prospects. Today without
:18:15. > :18:19.keyboard skills your job prospects are definitely affected for the
:18:20. > :18:23.worst. There is now a serious effort to encourage teachers to pass on
:18:24. > :18:26.coding skills, once they have been taught how to do it properly for
:18:27. > :18:35.themselves, of course. Learning to use code is seen by some as the
:18:36. > :18:39.three Rs once were. Don't forget to put a semicolon at the end of any of
:18:40. > :18:44.these lines here, just to tell the browsers you have ended the line. A
:18:45. > :18:47.group of high-powered women in London's Tech City are learning
:18:48. > :18:57.though code. They are presented with a series of baffling computer
:18:58. > :19:05.commands. We are hiding the form in case they are not yet at the
:19:06. > :19:12.location. This Gobbledegook will help them build apps. Lily Cole, the
:19:13. > :19:16.actress and model is in the process of launching her own app and
:19:17. > :19:22.website. I have heard learning code is like learning a foreign language?
:19:23. > :19:27.It is like several foreign languages at a time. It is cool to see how
:19:28. > :19:31.quickly we can pick it up. We have all built a website in one day which
:19:32. > :19:35.is cool. Starting to play with design and seeing immediately how
:19:36. > :19:38.the affects of the text creates visual imagery, it is an amazing
:19:39. > :19:42.thing to see. What do you make of kids learning about it in school? I
:19:43. > :19:46.love the idea of kids learning about it in school. I was looking for
:19:47. > :19:52.coders over the last few years and quite shocked by what a limited
:19:53. > :19:56.supply there was to meet the growing demand. I taught myself to code when
:19:57. > :20:01.I was eight. The Government has announced, through this ad that 2014
:20:02. > :20:04.is the year of code. It wants to tackle the skills shortage by making
:20:05. > :20:08.coding part of the national curriculum. It will be taught to
:20:09. > :20:13.5-16-year-olds. I want to make sure that kids in our schools are not
:20:14. > :20:17.just consumers of technology and computer programmes, they don't just
:20:18. > :20:21.know how to open up Word and Power point, they also understand how the
:20:22. > :20:25.computer programmes are put together, they understand coding. It
:20:26. > :20:29.comes after years of criticism from within the tech industry that
:20:30. > :20:35.Britain, the country that invented the first electronic computer, is in
:20:36. > :20:38.danger of throwing that computer heritage away. Great Britain has
:20:39. > :20:41.something like 10% of our industry is based around IT and computer
:20:42. > :20:48.science and computer software. We have a great heritage and place to
:20:49. > :20:53.build on. What hasn't been happening is teaching kids about computer
:20:54. > :20:59.programming at a young age. So we have lost that background of people
:21:00. > :21:07.coming up through the schooling system with that experience. Does
:21:08. > :21:13.anybody know what coding is? You use words and numbers to give the
:21:14. > :21:16.computer instructions? These 10-11-year-olds have just started
:21:17. > :21:21.learning about coding. It is a pilot for the lessons the Government is
:21:22. > :21:25.producing in England and Wales from September. Why can't you just play
:21:26. > :21:30.and work on a computer, why do you need to know all that stuff? Because
:21:31. > :21:34.when you are older you might need coding for your work, say if you
:21:35. > :21:42.were a banker you need coding to do the banks. Do you think you might
:21:43. > :21:47.need it? Yeah. To do what? To work and to make your own website if you
:21:48. > :21:52.wanted to. Half a million pounds has been pledged by the Government to
:21:53. > :21:59.train up more than 170,000 primary and secondary teachers in coding
:22:00. > :22:03.over the next six months. There is a lot of different apps and softwares
:22:04. > :22:10.available now that weren't available before. And even adults, we're new
:22:11. > :22:15.to it as well. We will need to learn things we haven't covered in initial
:22:16. > :22:20.teacher training. Are you a tiny bit daunted? A little bit. Here in Tech
:22:21. > :22:28.City they are trying out for people who know how to code. One local tech
:22:29. > :22:33.entrepeneur have to go abroad to find people to do it. It is war of
:22:34. > :22:36.who can get the people first. As far as the industry is concerned the
:22:37. > :22:39.coding lessons can't start soon enough. There is a bit of concern
:22:40. > :22:42.about how the subject is taught. In terms of your fears what do you
:22:43. > :22:46.think it could be like if they are not careful? I didn't like learning
:22:47. > :22:50.French and the reason I didn't like it is because I thought it is
:22:51. > :22:53.completely irrelevant, I thought I'm learning to pass an example, why
:22:54. > :22:57.should I care. Where as if it was sold to me that you can go to France
:22:58. > :23:03.and experience a whole new culture, I would have gone I will go, try it
:23:04. > :23:09.and experience it. Coding could be taught in a way where you sit down
:23:10. > :23:15.and it is like let's learn the grammar of html, it is so abstract
:23:16. > :23:18.and boring. If you ground it in a serious problem in my life or issue
:23:19. > :23:23.or something really cool I want to do. It is about making it relevant
:23:24. > :23:27.ultimately. Coursed say where the English language was once an
:23:28. > :23:32.essential business commodity, now in a digital era, code is the new king
:23:33. > :23:37.of global communication. The Government helped to launch the
:23:38. > :23:42.Year of Code campaign, and Lottie Dexter is the director, how easy is
:23:43. > :23:49.it to learn how to code? I can't code. I have committed this year to
:23:50. > :23:54.learning to code. A year? You can do a lot in a short space of time. You
:23:55. > :23:59.can build a website in an hour. From scratch, not knowing how to do it?
:24:00. > :24:03.Completely from scratch. Over this year I will see what I can achieve.
:24:04. > :24:08.Who knows I might be the next Zuckerberg in 12 months time. It is
:24:09. > :24:15.possible, one can always dream. How long does it take to learn to teach
:24:16. > :24:21.to code? Well I think you can pick it up in day. The teacher can pick
:24:22. > :24:27.it up in a day? I think if we start teachers thinking about it now, in
:24:28. > :24:31.March we're taking coding into the classrooms for the first time and
:24:32. > :24:35.encouraging all teachers to teach an hour to their pupils. If we start
:24:36. > :24:39.thinking about it now in time for September when it goes on to the
:24:40. > :24:44.schools curriculum teachers should feel excited and people should be
:24:45. > :24:48.about learning code. Isn't it all based on falsehood, the idea that it
:24:49. > :24:54.is essential to know how to code. It is not essential to know how to code
:24:55. > :24:58.or how a lightbulb works, is it? In the modern day economy code is
:24:59. > :25:03.really a vital skill. Technology has completely changed our economy, our
:25:04. > :25:07.Labour market, our society. To know how to do it? Unless we understand
:25:08. > :25:11.technology we don't really understand how the world works. When
:25:12. > :25:18.I was at school I was taught you know so much about the human body,
:25:19. > :25:21.in physics I was told to wire up a lightbulb, it is important to know
:25:22. > :25:26.how it works. Knowing how to code is crucial for so many people for
:25:27. > :25:29.getting jobs in the new economy. We need a work force for the new
:25:30. > :25:33.economy. But also to increase your earnings potential and to start your
:25:34. > :25:37.own business. In this new economy wouldn't it be more useful to
:25:38. > :25:42.learning something like mandarin? I think the code is an international
:25:43. > :25:47.language. I think that if you can learn to code you can interact
:25:48. > :25:52.across boundaries and you can, I think the important thing is that
:25:53. > :25:56.you can get yourself started, it is a great leveller. Having code in
:25:57. > :26:00.schools and giving every pupil the ability to code, they can, you know,
:26:01. > :26:07.start their own business, it is not something that is just marginalised
:26:08. > :26:10.for middle-class parents. It can be whatever you want it to be, the
:26:11. > :26:14.schools on the Internet are so cheap and easily available now. You can
:26:15. > :26:18.set up your on-line profile and start a website. I started a
:26:19. > :26:22.campaign last year. If I would have learned code at school I could have
:26:23. > :26:25.done my own website. I could have done my own app and graphics, I
:26:26. > :26:35.would have saved a hell of a lot of time and money. I think I could have
:26:36. > :26:46.done it a lot better. For the sake of old duffers like Mark You are --
:26:47. > :26:49.Urban, what is code? It is the language of instructing computers.
:26:50. > :26:54.It is how you make computers do things. So it is different symbols?
:26:55. > :26:58.But it doesn't mean anything? It doesn't mean anything to you or
:26:59. > :27:04.indeed to me yet, because I don't know how to code. It is a set of
:27:05. > :27:08.instructions you type into a computer to get an output. When this
:27:09. > :27:12.goes on to the schools curriculum, every pupil from the age of five
:27:13. > :27:18.will learn how to code. They will pop into a box a set of instructions
:27:19. > :27:30.and they will see what you put in you get it out. It is how you make
:27:31. > :27:34.computers do something. What is an e-card. It is a virtual card. There
:27:35. > :27:39.is a national initiative to teach people how to make cards? And
:27:40. > :27:42.websites and apps, they are fun ways of learning a very important skill
:27:43. > :27:49.that you really need. It is the future. You really need it for the
:27:50. > :27:55.21st job market. Three Rs and a C. Thank you very much. An Australian
:27:56. > :28:01.reporter, a Canadian-Egyptian producer and Egyptian cameraman are
:28:02. > :28:06.spending their 39th night in custody in Cairo. All three work for
:28:07. > :28:12.Al-Jazeera, they are accused of links to terrorism and broadcasting
:28:13. > :28:19.false news. Where would we be if that was an offence in this country.
:28:20. > :28:27.Footage of their arrest was put on a Cairo TV channel set to music. Our
:28:28. > :28:33.diplomatic editor is here. This all seems to have ratcheted up recently?
:28:34. > :28:38.Absolutely, in the past couple of days. These journalists were
:28:39. > :28:43.arrested at the end of December. It is a cause for concern they are
:28:44. > :28:49.still there. Things start to change, the Tahir TV station airs this
:28:50. > :28:54.footage designed to make them look like people involved in some kind of
:28:55. > :29:00.conspiracy. On the right is a former BBC man, I worked beside him in
:29:01. > :29:04.Baghdad morning places. The other man has a Canadian passport. They
:29:05. > :29:12.are making these serious-sounding charges. They have also announced
:29:13. > :29:17.they want to talk to another 20 people son similar-sounding charges,
:29:18. > :29:21.like aiding the Muslim Brotherhood. Al-Jazeera says only nine worked for
:29:22. > :29:25.them. Another fled Egypt having been in hiding. The situation escalated
:29:26. > :29:33.last night and the White House expressed its grave concern. Sorry I
:29:34. > :29:38.thought we were about to hear the White House expressing grave concern
:29:39. > :29:42.there. Tell me, journalists generally, it seems to me, are now
:29:43. > :29:50.finding it extremely difficult to work there, aren't they? It has
:29:51. > :29:54.before difficult. There are different levels of aggro, people
:29:55. > :29:59.right from the fall of Mubarak are angry, they blame us and other news
:30:00. > :30:08.organisations. There is aggro on the streets. Sometimes sexual aggro
:30:09. > :30:13.towards female reporters. Then at intermediate -- interimmediate level
:30:14. > :30:17.you have bureaucracy thrown at reporters about them being
:30:18. > :30:22.registered. At this top of the tree this type of thing, arrest and
:30:23. > :30:28.serious charges. What is paying out here goes beyond an irritation that
:30:29. > :30:33.the people have with foreign media and what part they played. There is
:30:34. > :30:39.a battle of influence between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Al-Jazeera is
:30:40. > :30:43.based in Qatar, the Egyptian Government claim it acts as an arm
:30:44. > :30:48.of the Government there. They were supporting Mohammed Morsi, the
:30:49. > :30:59.ousted President, the Egyptian military regards clamping down on
:31:00. > :31:03.them and favouring the rivals. One Egyptian journalist said to me
:31:04. > :31:11.frankly this will go on until the Emir of Qatar changes his mind.
:31:12. > :31:15.We're joined now from Doha by our guest, director of news at
:31:16. > :31:24.Al-Jazeera English Channel. What have you heard about your three or
:31:25. > :31:28.four hostages in Egypt? There are three from the English Channel and
:31:29. > :31:32.one from the Arabic channel in detention. The one from the Arabic
:31:33. > :31:40.channel is in detention for six months now, and he is on a hunger
:31:41. > :31:45.strike. The three Al-Jazeera men are in one cell in a high-security
:31:46. > :31:49.prison in Cairo. They were served charges. Conveniently the charges
:31:50. > :31:52.were split between the Egyptian journalists and non-Egyptian
:31:53. > :31:58.journalists. The Egyptians were accused of being members of
:31:59. > :32:02.terrorist organisations and non-Egyptians of aiding them. It is
:32:03. > :32:06.actually fabrication and nonsense and intimidation and irritation of
:32:07. > :32:16.journalists in order to get one side of the story coming from Egypt only.
:32:17. > :32:21.Is it true that some of your people there are or were there without
:32:22. > :32:25.being properly accredited. Let's set a few things clear from the
:32:26. > :32:33.beginning. The accreditation is part of the charges. As I read in the
:32:34. > :32:39.charges here they are always mentioned that they are
:32:40. > :32:46.nonaccredited with the intention of harming security. It is a simple
:32:47. > :32:52.charge and doesn't refer journalists to criminal courts. Were they
:32:53. > :32:56.properly accredited there or not? Al-Jazeera media network is
:32:57. > :33:03.officially accredited to work in Egypt. It has been working for all
:33:04. > :33:07.the time. Were those officials accredited there? Some of the
:33:08. > :33:11.journalists are accredited, and some applied for accreditation. It
:33:12. > :33:15.happens with all media organisations, this is not the
:33:16. > :33:24.charge, they are being charged with. It is a nonaccredited
:33:25. > :33:30.journallingists with the intent of harming national security. If they
:33:31. > :33:37.were only not accredited that is a very simple administrative offence.
:33:38. > :33:45.So you say, it is the case, is it not that Qatar has been playing a
:33:46. > :33:49.role in recent events in Egypt. That it is at odds with the military
:33:50. > :33:53.Government there and Al-Jazeera is largely run by the Government of
:33:54. > :33:58.Qatar, is that not correct? I'm not a spokesman for the Government of
:33:59. > :34:03.Qatar, and Al-Jazeera is not run by the Government of Qatar. Actually
:34:04. > :34:06.the BBC is like Al-Jazeera, BBC World Service is funded by the
:34:07. > :34:14.Foreign Ministry. It is not owned by a member of the Royal Family? No,
:34:15. > :34:19.but the British Government has the support of governors. It is not
:34:20. > :34:24.owned by them either? By the Foreign Ministry, BBC World Service. I was
:34:25. > :34:28.an editor on there and I know that. It has a board of governors and
:34:29. > :34:34.editorial guidelines and it answers for this. The same thing here we are
:34:35. > :34:39.an independent organisation, funded by the Qatar Government and we have
:34:40. > :34:44.our own board of governors and code of ethics and conduct that we answer
:34:45. > :34:50.for. All our products and our reports are on-line and they are, we
:34:51. > :34:56.are of high quality and objectivity. You can see how the Egyptian
:34:57. > :35:01.Government, which is at odds with the Qatary Government might feel
:35:02. > :35:04.that an organisation funded by the Qatar Government was about some
:35:05. > :35:13.other business than nearly as you put it, objectily reporting the
:35:14. > :35:19.news. I know the accusations and the same accusations were put to the BBC
:35:20. > :35:22.by Zimbabwe when you weren't able to report from there and other places.
:35:23. > :35:28.Governments were at odds together but we are free journalists. We are
:35:29. > :35:34.independent and we cherish our quality of work and integrity. And
:35:35. > :35:38.our mission to get to the viewer the story from all sides regardless of
:35:39. > :35:45.the price for them. Thank you very much for joining us thank you. It is
:35:46. > :35:50.surely no surprise when an England sporting team and fails
:35:51. > :35:57.spectacularly, heads sooner or later will role. It is usually preceded by
:35:58. > :36:01.the sports pages clicking their knitting needles together. Today it
:36:02. > :36:05.is the other way round, for reasons they didn't bother to explain the
:36:06. > :36:12.England Cricket Board dumped Kevin Pietersen, because the national
:36:13. > :36:19.cricket team put up such a pathetic performance this winter. Now the
:36:20. > :36:24.journalists are up in arms at the dismissal of the captain Michael
:36:25. > :36:29.Vaughan? What do you think of the way Kevin Pietersen's case has been
:36:30. > :36:35.handled. It needs clarity, reasoning from the ECB for the fans to
:36:36. > :36:38.understand what has Kevin Pietersen been doing behind the scenes to
:36:39. > :36:44.bring the sacking of the player that has scored more runs than anybody
:36:45. > :36:47.else. I have captained him and at times he's difficult and a Payne in
:36:48. > :36:53.the back side, but a maverick that can win you games of cricket. You
:36:54. > :36:58.know him and you have captained him, if anybody who can divine why he was
:36:59. > :37:01.going it has to be you? There is times when Kevin Pietersen and that
:37:02. > :37:07.character is difficult around the team. He has played 100 test matches
:37:08. > :37:11.and has an opinion. You as a leader you have to take on opinion. At
:37:12. > :37:16.times when you are leading and the team aren't doing well, the opinion
:37:17. > :37:19.from senior players and outside world will not always be the opinion
:37:20. > :37:26.you want to hear. But you have to deal with it. Management of players
:37:27. > :37:34.is like management. If you can't manage a maverick like Pietersen you
:37:35. > :37:38.need to think bin again. England have a lots of matches coming up, I
:37:39. > :37:44.just think it is sad for the game that we don't have a group of people
:37:45. > :37:48.that can manage one player through that period of play in three big
:37:49. > :37:54.series, big tournaments for England. They feel the only way to move
:37:55. > :38:00.forward is getting rid of Pietersen without explaining what he has done
:38:01. > :38:05.wrong. Did he have any friend in the dressing room? There is always
:38:06. > :38:10.devisive moments and cliques of people getting on with a certain
:38:11. > :38:15.penalty more than another. What I hear from the tour is Pietersen is
:38:16. > :38:19.fight. It was only last week that Swanson who retired came out and
:38:20. > :38:25.said Pietersen, his attitude was spot on, since he has been
:38:26. > :38:29.reintegrated into the side. He felt Kevin had plenty more runs to score
:38:30. > :38:33.for England. That is somebody in the dressing room. I don't think it is a
:38:34. > :38:38.be proem. He has stood up to the coach, Andy Flower, on the tour of
:38:39. > :38:44.Australia, he didn't like it, but they have listen to Flores and Cook,
:38:45. > :38:49.I don't think Ashley Giles could have said too much. Pietersen wasn't
:38:50. > :38:54.in Australia on the one day series, but English cricket feel the only
:38:55. > :38:57.way to move forward without Pietersen. I would have taken a
:38:58. > :39:01.tougher call and said somebody needs to manage him better. How difficult
:39:02. > :39:06.is it to manage a brilliant and you have used the word wise now about
:39:07. > :39:15.Pietersen, a "brilliant maverick". Well it is training -- draining and
:39:16. > :39:18.hard. It is very rewarding, if you look at English cricket over the
:39:19. > :39:23.last ten years, Flintoff had the same quality. You manage him and
:39:24. > :39:28.2005 he delivered, as did Pietersen in the last over. Go through the
:39:29. > :39:35.last six or seven years, he was man of the tournament in Barbados, the
:39:36. > :39:42.T20, he averaged 106 against independent. We got a double century
:39:43. > :39:47.in the Test Match. England would have drawn going down 1-0 at Perth.
:39:48. > :39:51.You look at a year-and-a-half ago when he produced problem the best
:39:52. > :39:56.England hundred I have seen for many years. England win that series with
:39:57. > :40:01.Kevin Pietersen. 100 hold Trafford last year, it would have been 2-1,
:40:02. > :40:05.with two to play for Australia. You have to accept with people like
:40:06. > :40:10.Pietersen and Flintoff they train you a bit but they reward you with
:40:11. > :40:14.the performance levels, not just the mediocrity. The best teams and best
:40:15. > :40:19.attacks in the world. That is what Petersen has done, he can be --
:40:20. > :40:22.Pietersen has done, he can be a Payne and difficult, but also the
:40:23. > :40:28.person who makes you win games of cricket. You have to be careful you
:40:29. > :40:31.shouldn't bin someone like that and don't reward him in a way and say
:40:32. > :40:38.thanks for your time with us, thanks for winning us all those gapes. And
:40:39. > :40:45.don't know him out like they have, and they could have moved the team
:40:46. > :40:49.on. Aclots -- across the south of England men and women have been
:40:50. > :40:53.drying off their shoes ready for a walk to work tomorrow. Trains and
:40:54. > :40:59.depots and commuters were left in fury, which is probably more
:41:00. > :41:07.accurately designed as sullen, resentment. Much dark talk in
:41:08. > :41:12.political circles of plans for the MPs to change the law and half
:41:13. > :41:17.people having to vote yes to industrial action. Once upon a time
:41:18. > :41:22.the BBC had an industrial correspondent. Strike reporters.
:41:23. > :41:28.Time to resurrect the last of them. It was tough getting to work, the
:41:29. > :41:36.two unions that represent the tube station staff are not the drivers
:41:37. > :41:40.who are out on strike. They are in a dispute over the loss of 750 jobs
:41:41. > :41:46.from closing the direct offices. Lots of people are faced disruption
:41:47. > :41:51.today, more London Underground lines and stations have been closed in
:41:52. > :41:57.this strike than any tube business pute for the last ten years. It is
:41:58. > :42:03.said to be costing London ?50 million a year. And with another
:42:04. > :42:09.two-day stoppage plan for next week, the Conservatives are determined to
:42:10. > :42:15.stop them happening again. Boris Johnson says:
:42:16. > :42:22.The Prime Minister want to go further, imposing a minimum service
:42:23. > :42:28.level agreed so they provide a little service. The Conservatives on
:42:29. > :42:33.a Greater London Authority wants an all-out ban on strikes. They should
:42:34. > :42:37.be replaced by binding arbitration. We want to replace strikes, so
:42:38. > :42:41.damaging to the economy and London. The idea if the Government were to
:42:42. > :42:46.accept that it is binding arbitration in the case of an
:42:47. > :42:50.argument going on between Transport for London and the union. A judge
:42:51. > :42:56.would look at it and decide which was the case that he was going to
:42:57. > :43:02.support. Today's strike would have been unlawful. There would have to
:43:03. > :43:06.be a judge deciding in favour of TFL or the unions in the job cut. That's
:43:07. > :43:12.right, there would not be a strike. In the 1970s and 80, I was always
:43:13. > :43:15.coming to the then headquarters of the Conservative Party, to hear of
:43:16. > :43:19.their latest plans for curbing the trade unions. And it became an
:43:20. > :43:27.all-out war against the British trade union movement. The 1984
:43:28. > :43:33.miners' strike was a turning point in Britain's troubled industrial
:43:34. > :43:35.relations. In a war of attrition Margaret Thatcher said she was
:43:36. > :43:39.taking on the enemy within. And her defeat of the shocked troops of the
:43:40. > :43:43.union movement ended the all out strikes in the past. Successive
:43:44. > :43:48.Conservative Government have curbed union power imposing secret ballots
:43:49. > :43:53.before strike. Ending pass picketing but trying to stop essential
:43:54. > :43:56.services and striking is unfinished business. With the coalition
:43:57. > :44:04.Government, Liberal Democrats are a break on the Conservatives. Vincent
:44:05. > :44:09.Cable won't be rushed into changing the law. If we legislate on
:44:10. > :44:14.industrial relations we have to look carefully at the evidence, not
:44:15. > :44:19.rushing into strike laws on the back of a bad dispute in London it is a
:44:20. > :44:23.bad way to proceed. The tube train drivers have previously staged their
:44:24. > :44:29.own strikes and like the station staff they would fight back against
:44:30. > :44:37.any new laws. Its It is time for trade unions to stand up for
:44:38. > :44:42.themselves with the general public. -- I think you will see massive
:44:43. > :44:46.backlash against this from civil society. The reality is trade union
:44:47. > :44:51.numbers are growing. We believe that is a direct reaction to the policies
:44:52. > :44:55.that are currently in place. People now see a greater need for trade
:44:56. > :45:01.unions and they will become more powerful as we go forward, I think.
:45:02. > :45:04.While the unions claim they have the backing of two thirds of passengers,
:45:05. > :45:09.the Conservatives are convinced the strikes are unpopular and present a
:45:10. > :45:12.fresh opportunity to introduce legislation they have been working
:45:13. > :45:15.on for years, to curb stoppages in the essential services, a policy
:45:16. > :45:17.that is more likely to be in the Conservatives' next election
:45:18. > :46:20.manifesto. Now the front pages: That's it at the close of another
:46:21. > :46:28.day of rain and general glum wintriness. The railway line was
:46:29. > :46:32.washed away in Dawlish in Devon. And in Torquay the seafront took a
:46:33. > :46:42.pasting. Nice to think not all Februarys are quite like this.
:46:43. > :46:49.The glorious Devon coast bathed in winter sunshine, equalising any
:46:50. > :46:54.Mediterranean beauty spot. Don't you think. How is this for climate. Why
:46:55. > :47:04.even from the screen you can imagine yourself in the sub-topics.
:47:05. > :47:10.Sub-topics. Bathing too all the year round. The gulfstream is as warm as
:47:11. > :47:12.the Mediterranean, not August, remember. This is February.