:00:07. > :00:13.The Minister for floods and ahead of the Environment Agency have started
:00:14. > :00:18.resembling to drowning man trying to clamber on one another's shoulders.
:00:19. > :00:21.As not only the West Country is menaced by floods, we try to
:00:22. > :00:28.discover how it has all gone so wrong in that usual British way as
:00:29. > :00:32.who should we blame? A former Cabinet minister who chairs
:00:33. > :00:36.the Environment Agency is here to defend his record.
:00:37. > :00:41.Sue Lloyd Roberts tracks down the men who are helping drive rhinos to
:00:42. > :00:50.the brink of extinction for the sake of quack medicine in the East.
:00:51. > :00:55.How much I you charging? What is this? A panel of comics
:00:56. > :00:57.without a testicle between them. They talk about why television
:00:58. > :01:12.comedy needs rescuing from men. As if they haven't got enough to
:01:13. > :01:15.content with already, residents flooded parts of the South and West
:01:16. > :01:19.of England had to put up with another inundation of politicians
:01:20. > :01:23.today. It is like the ten plagues of ancient Egypt. Both by Minister and
:01:24. > :01:30.Deputy Prime Minister were on hand while lesser figures cast around for
:01:31. > :01:33.people to blame. Now the Thames is flooded as well. The Environment
:01:34. > :01:43.Agency is the that is being kicked by most. -- the cat.
:01:44. > :01:46.And so it spreads. The wintry rainfall that flooded the Somerset
:01:47. > :01:51.Levels and the south-west is now inflicting its misery on the
:01:52. > :01:57.south-east. Record-breaking sheets of rain have overwhelmed defences.
:01:58. > :02:03.The area around Windsor is being engulfed by the spreading Thames.
:02:04. > :02:10.Wraysbury is submerged. Half of the village is devastated. This has as
:02:11. > :02:15.been abandoned, lots of people have got no flood insurance and that is
:02:16. > :02:20.the biggest problem. In 2003 we have lots of looting of empty houses. We
:02:21. > :02:27.need the army to man every street. Down that road the houses are
:02:28. > :02:34.between ten and 12 feet underwater. Normal life has been postponed.
:02:35. > :02:38.It is really quite hard, because we were trying to get to school, it can
:02:39. > :02:42.be quite wet and we don't want to get our uniform wept.
:02:43. > :02:47.This family is one of the last on the street to resist evacuation.
:02:48. > :02:52.In terms of people here to come and support and help us Wraysbury seems
:02:53. > :02:58.to have been a little bit forgotten. And what is the response
:02:59. > :03:00.from Westminster? He spotted a convenient scapegoat in order to
:03:01. > :03:04.distract attention from the government and failure.
:03:05. > :03:09.It is entirely wrong for the honourable lady to suggest for one
:03:10. > :03:13.moment that I have issued even the slightest criticism of the
:03:14. > :03:19.marvellous workforce of the Environment Agency. He ought to be
:03:20. > :03:25.apologising instead of continuously passing the buck and saying it is
:03:26. > :03:29.everybody else's responsibility. A few politicians have taken a few
:03:30. > :03:35.trips down to the water line, but mostly MPs and quango crabs have
:03:36. > :03:41.been apportioning blame. What about these claims and counterclaims?
:03:42. > :03:44.Let's start with the money. In 2009 the Environment Agency estimated
:03:45. > :03:47.Britain would need to continually increased the amount it spends on
:03:48. > :03:52.flood defences. Without more money it want increasing numbers of houses
:03:53. > :03:57.would be at risk from flooding in the coming decades. And the
:03:58. > :04:04.coalition the amount of cash spent on flood defence fell from 670, two
:04:05. > :04:08.?606 million. Last week the government pledged a further ?100
:04:09. > :04:14.million in cash for next year taking the total back-up to ?715 million.
:04:15. > :04:18.Even so, flood spending is still down on 2010, once you take
:04:19. > :04:26.inflation into account. Last year a committee of MPs said funding had
:04:27. > :04:30.led to the failure to maintain watercourses affectively so is it
:04:31. > :04:34.due to a lack of money England is underwater or perhaps it is because
:04:35. > :04:41.as another group of MPs want no 1's body is clearly in charge of holding
:04:42. > :04:44.back the water. -- no single body. Take the Somerset Levels, flooding
:04:45. > :04:51.there is the responsibility of the Environment Agency. And Sedgemoor
:04:52. > :04:57.district Council. And Taunton Deane district Council. And South Somerset
:04:58. > :05:02.district Council. And Somerset county council. Natural England. And
:05:03. > :05:11.the local internal drainage board. Tricky? Most of the public bile has
:05:12. > :05:15.been focused on dredging, clearing up Rivers said a flow faster.
:05:16. > :05:19.Officials brave enough to venture there have been berated for ignoring
:05:20. > :05:25.this common sense solution but would dredging have made any difference in
:05:26. > :05:29.a year as dramatically wet as this? You need a fortitude drive the water
:05:30. > :05:35.out the rivers and we don't have that in the Somerset Levels. My hand
:05:36. > :05:39.is horizontal, you have got it I going up and down but basically you
:05:40. > :05:46.have got a horizontal water service said it was no force pushing the
:05:47. > :05:49.water out. -- surface stop if you think about Cardiff Bay on my
:05:50. > :05:55.doorstep. You have a horizontal water level and if you dredge down
:05:56. > :05:59.to some considerable depth of it wouldn't fundamentally make a lot of
:06:00. > :06:04.difference. If not dredging, what is the answer? The Bridgwater Bay
:06:05. > :06:09.lagoon might be the best idea we have to keep Somerset dry in future.
:06:10. > :06:13.A vast barrier into the sea, like the similar scheme for Swansea, that
:06:14. > :06:20.would look good, generate vast amounts of electricity. And it would
:06:21. > :06:25.cost ?80 million. There is no need to be defeatist about flooding. Big
:06:26. > :06:29.projects like the Thames Barrier show if you really care about an
:06:30. > :06:34.area we can keep it safe. The big projects cost big money. The real
:06:35. > :06:38.question is whether the rest of Britain cares enough to save
:06:39. > :06:43.Somerset. Inch roof, the argument is not about dredging. It is not about
:06:44. > :06:48.funding from one year to the next, it is not about the shape of a
:06:49. > :06:53.bureaucracy. It is about priorities. If you don't want to surrender to
:06:54. > :07:00.the water you need massive, expensive, long-term plans.
:07:01. > :07:05.Meanwhile tonight in Wraysbury the waters are still rising. Families
:07:06. > :07:11.are guarding their cold, wet homes for fear of looting. It is not clear
:07:12. > :07:19.anyone has a plan to stop this from happening again. Whose fault is it?
:07:20. > :07:24.Fundamentally it is the weather's fault. We have had the most extreme
:07:25. > :07:28.weather over the course of the last two and a half months that we have
:07:29. > :07:33.ever seen. The highest storm surge on the East Coast for 60 years, the
:07:34. > :07:38.stormiest period over Christmas and New Year, the wettest January ever
:07:39. > :07:42.recorded, the highest waves ever recorded against the south coast.
:07:43. > :07:47.This is extreme natural forces having a go at us. And we need to
:07:48. > :07:51.find the best possible ways of defending ourselves against them. As
:07:52. > :07:59.the Environment Agency made any mistakes? We have all made mistakes.
:08:00. > :08:04.The Environment Agency has done a really good job of protecting 1.3
:08:05. > :08:10.million homes over the course of the last two months. What mistakes were
:08:11. > :08:18.they? That would have been flooded if our defences hadn't been in
:08:19. > :08:24.place. There are things like last year on the Somerset Levels, when we
:08:25. > :08:33.put ?400,000 on the table to start some real dredging, that was the
:08:34. > :08:36.maximum we were allowed to spend by the Treasury rules that bind us.
:08:37. > :08:42.What we didn't do and we should probably have done, was really twist
:08:43. > :08:45.arms of the other players, the district councils, county council,
:08:46. > :08:55.drainage boards, to come to the table with other contributions. It
:08:56. > :09:05.is something we all should have worked actively on. We were stepping
:09:06. > :09:13.up to the plate and seeing our -- providing our contribution. We put
:09:14. > :09:17.the money on the table, and that at the time was the maximum we were
:09:18. > :09:25.allowed to put on the table by the Treasury 's rules. The Treasury
:09:26. > :09:31.rules determine what we can and cannot do. What has now happened,
:09:32. > :09:34.however, over the course of the last week, are two significant things.
:09:35. > :09:39.One is the government have said there is an extra ?10 million for
:09:40. > :09:43.Somerset, that will be of enormous help. The other thing even more
:09:44. > :09:47.important than that is the Secretary of State for the environment, Owen
:09:48. > :09:51.Paterson, has said the Treasury rules should not apply to Somerset,
:09:52. > :09:55.because it is such a unique landscape.
:09:56. > :10:01.But you knew one year ago, more than that, that there was a need for
:10:02. > :10:05.dredging in those two rivers you mentioned, the River Tone and the
:10:06. > :10:10.River Parrett, yet it never happened. That is why we put our
:10:11. > :10:14.contribution they're ready to be used. It was the fact we didn't get
:10:15. > :10:25.the other money coming in that would have enabled us to do it. Why did
:10:26. > :10:29.the report recommending the dredging to be carried out seems to be
:10:30. > :10:36.removed from your website? I know nothing about that. We have
:10:37. > :10:43.consistently said over the course of the last 12 months we believe
:10:44. > :10:48.dredging of these rivers would make a useful contribution to improving
:10:49. > :10:55.flood defences in the Somerset Levels. But they cannot be
:10:56. > :11:00.quantified GIF -- but they cannot be a conference of solution? You need
:11:01. > :11:05.to do other things as well, hold the water higher up the catchment.
:11:06. > :11:09.Running down into the levels, prevent the River Severn from
:11:10. > :11:13.backing up into the Somerset levels which is does every time the tide
:11:14. > :11:17.comes in. I wonder in your position when you look and there is water
:11:18. > :11:25.everywhere whether you don't think about resigning. The Environment
:11:26. > :11:32.Agency has been doing a really good job at protecting 1.3 million
:11:33. > :11:39.homes. Sadly that doesn't detract from the real misery and distress
:11:40. > :11:42.that is felt by the 5000 people who have been flooded up and down the
:11:43. > :11:45.country, not just in Somerset for the Thames but across the country
:11:46. > :11:52.over the course of the last two months. This is an agency that boys
:11:53. > :11:57.more people than the combined equivalent of France, Germany,
:11:58. > :12:02.Austria. They don't deal with flood defence. We did not only with flood
:12:03. > :12:09.defence, we also deal with industrial waste regulation, a whole
:12:10. > :12:15.range of responsibilities. You have got too much to do. I don't think
:12:16. > :12:22.so. We have something like 3000 staff, who are dedicated to working
:12:23. > :12:26.on flood defence. When there is a flooding emergency, as we have been
:12:27. > :12:31.experiencing over the past two months, we bring in other staff from
:12:32. > :12:38.other parts of the agency to help with the immediate response to the
:12:39. > :12:44.emergency. And that is a very good reason why we need to have the
:12:45. > :12:49.strength of the Environment Agency as a whole in order to assist with
:12:50. > :12:55.coping with flooding. There is another way of looking at it, you
:12:56. > :13:01.could decide the job is too big, some places you should give up on.
:13:02. > :13:07.There are indeed some places, particularly on the coast, where it
:13:08. > :13:13.makes sense to retreat a little bit in order to protect more strongly.
:13:14. > :13:17.Good example of that is an area that we have been lambasted for by one of
:13:18. > :13:22.the local MPs in Somerset, he says we have spent money on creating a
:13:23. > :13:28.bird sanctuary. In fact we have done is created a rather good sea
:13:29. > :13:34.defence. It was old sea defences that were eroding, we retreated
:13:35. > :13:39.further back, we created better, new sea defences, they protect a lot of
:13:40. > :13:43.properties in Somerset. And in the process we have created intertidal
:13:44. > :13:48.habitat that happens to be rather good for birds. Where are the places
:13:49. > :13:52.you should give up one, do you think? I don't think there is
:13:53. > :13:58.anywhere where there is a community or where there is economic activity,
:13:59. > :14:01.or where there is vibrant life going on. I don't think there is anywhere
:14:02. > :14:06.we should simply give up on. We should try and find the best ways of
:14:07. > :14:13.protecting where we possibly can. There will be some areas of land,
:14:14. > :14:20.some areas of Coast, where we probably, in due course, not
:14:21. > :14:22.immediately, need to retreat a little bit in order to protect
:14:23. > :14:27.better. Thank you very much.
:14:28. > :14:31.The question that has kept so many of us awake at night, what exactly
:14:32. > :14:35.is Milibandism, was answered tonight. The Labour leader gave a
:14:36. > :14:38.lecture in which he claimed the core of his party's next election
:14:39. > :14:44.manifesto would be a redistribution of power. After his attacks on the
:14:45. > :14:47.big energy companies and the banks it is possible to make out the
:14:48. > :14:57.silhouette of something. How big the shadow willing to cast if he ever
:14:58. > :15:00.gets the chance of government? When Labour proposed a radical move on
:15:01. > :15:05.the energy market at their conference last year, it was
:15:06. > :15:12.something of a lightbulb movement. The cogs began to whir. The next
:15:13. > :15:16.Labour Government will freeze gas and electricity prices until the
:15:17. > :15:21.start of 2017. Alongside energy, came pay day loan companies, after
:15:22. > :15:24.that the banks. The message was clear, he was out to save the
:15:25. > :15:31.hard-pressed consumer. Tonight, he is looking at reform of a different
:15:32. > :15:36.sector. Public services. Not just the customer in other words, but the
:15:37. > :15:49.patients, the parent, the payer of taxes. The time we are in demands of
:15:50. > :15:52.new culture. More a market based individualalism, unaccountable
:15:53. > :15:55.concentrations of power wherever we find them don't serve the public
:15:56. > :15:59.interest and need to be held to account.
:16:00. > :16:06.Tonight, he talked of reform to health and education. He wants to
:16:07. > :16:12.tackle schools that are failing and to empower the secret weapon, the
:16:13. > :16:22.pushy parent. OK, darling. It is nearly time. OK, maybe not her
:16:23. > :16:29.exactly, but her collective force. Parents given powers to call in a
:16:30. > :16:34.specialist team to boost the per performance of failing schools. One
:16:35. > :16:38.pushy mother isn't convinced. It could become a witch-hunt and they
:16:39. > :16:44.maybe able to vote headteachers out and then it becomes an X Factor
:16:45. > :16:49.situation. The headteacher maybe persuaded to be popular as opposed
:16:50. > :16:53.to doing his or her job for fear of what the parent may say. You are not
:16:54. > :17:02.hearing a voice of collective power, you are hearing a threat of
:17:03. > :17:07.vigilantism? Parents need to look at themselves. A lot of parents send
:17:08. > :17:12.their kids to school not ready to be educated. Mr Miliband's promise to
:17:13. > :17:15.roll back decades of centralisation and accuses the current Government
:17:16. > :17:20.of hoarding power and decision making. Now, it is a powerful
:17:21. > :17:26.argument, every single time it is made. Usually by a party in
:17:27. > :17:31.opposition, but how much changes? Miliband said, "I call it double
:17:32. > :17:35.devolution, not just Kiev devolution that takes it from central
:17:36. > :17:38.Government, but power that goes down to local people providing a critical
:17:39. > :17:45.role for individuals and neighbourhoods." You will see it is
:17:46. > :17:52.from a speech in 2006, in a speech not by Ed, but David Miliband. You
:17:53. > :17:58.have to get your local councillors on side. You have to get your full
:17:59. > :18:03.Cabinet on side and people who are in charge of things like skills or
:18:04. > :18:09.re-offending and you need to get the public to buy into it and for that
:18:10. > :18:14.to happen it needs to be a meaningful for the electorate. Ed
:18:15. > :18:18.Miliband has shown he has an appetite for radical reform.
:18:19. > :18:25.Whatever you make of his plans for the energy companies, the banks, the
:18:26. > :18:28.pay day lenders. Perhaps he set the bar so high that people are
:18:29. > :18:35.expecting real bravery. Anything less would like he is prepared to
:18:36. > :18:39.pick fights with everyone, but the home team. Public services, indeed
:18:40. > :18:46.their staffed by many natural Labour voters.
:18:47. > :18:52.A bit of bank bashing, that goes down well. An attack on bonuses for
:18:53. > :18:57.big businesses, that can sit comfortably in troubled times. But
:18:58. > :19:04.this is a proper test for a Labour leader trying to escape his Red Ed
:19:05. > :19:10.tag. Ensuring the power goes elsewhere, well that takes more than
:19:11. > :19:19.just a bright idea. Here are Liz Kendall the Shadow
:19:20. > :19:24.Health Minister. Were you impressed by this canvass? I thought the
:19:25. > :19:31.speech was fine and it is a speech on public service reform. We haven't
:19:32. > :19:35.had one of those from Ed Miliband. I don't think it was big enough or
:19:36. > :19:39.bold enough to make a breakthrough, but he started, I guess. I wouldn't
:19:40. > :19:45.say there was anything wrong with the speech, but it is not taking him
:19:46. > :19:50.where it needs to get to. Well, that's high praise? Matthew is wrong
:19:51. > :19:55.about that. To talk about the importance of people powered public
:19:56. > :20:03.services, you raised your eyebrow there, Jeremy... That's because it
:20:04. > :20:06.is waffle. If you have seen a patient power to manage their own
:20:07. > :20:09.health condition, if you have seen the parents of children with
:20:10. > :20:13.learning disabilities who have been helped to find out what the best
:20:14. > :20:19.practise is and change that and if you have seen how personal budgets
:20:20. > :20:22.in social care have given people real power and say over their lives,
:20:23. > :20:26.that's life transforming and that's what Ed has been talking about
:20:27. > :20:31.today. Did you think that's what he was talking about? I think those are
:20:32. > :20:34.the themes and Liz feels this stuff strongly. I think what was missing
:20:35. > :20:38.from it was if you go back to Blair's work on public services, he
:20:39. > :20:44.was clear what his target was. He talked about the bureaucratic. He
:20:45. > :20:47.wanted to break-up the big centralised power. What's not quite
:20:48. > :20:52.so clear about Ed Miliband's account, whilst the proposals he has
:20:53. > :20:56.got are fine and the themes are fine. What is his big idea? What
:20:57. > :20:59.binds this stuff together? When you look at the individual policy
:21:00. > :21:03.initiatives, it is not clear what the themes are that's running
:21:04. > :21:08.through them. You didn't see any theme at all? Well, I saw the themes
:21:09. > :21:13.that Liz is talking about. Power to users. Decentralisation, but as your
:21:14. > :21:19.film made clear, it is easy to assert these things, but you need a
:21:20. > :21:25.theory of change. Rhetorical rather than actual? What's the problem. The
:21:26. > :21:29.problem is the way we think about power and policy don't work.
:21:30. > :21:32.Probably the Labour Party is still addicted to those models of power
:21:33. > :21:36.and policy and what Ed hasn't done today is to say to his party, the
:21:37. > :21:43.ways in which we used to think about change don't work anymore. We need a
:21:44. > :21:47.different model of change. Well, I think that Matthew knows that in
:21:48. > :21:51.opposition Tony Blair hadn't really developed his thinking about public
:21:52. > :21:55.service reform. It took him a while when he was in Government and I
:21:56. > :21:59.think Ed is very much ahead of the game here and where Matthew is right
:22:00. > :22:02.is, it is very difficult to give power away. It is difficult for
:22:03. > :22:06.politicians to do that because we often think we know best and you
:22:07. > :22:11.rightly put us under pressure to say what is going to happen and giving
:22:12. > :22:15.power away can be a risk. Does Ed Miliband believe in a smaller State?
:22:16. > :22:19.I think he believes in a reformed State. A different relationship
:22:20. > :22:24.between individuals and the State and what he does believe is that the
:22:25. > :22:29.State can hoard too much power just as the private sector can hoard too
:22:30. > :22:32.much power. One example that he mentioned there, hospitals? Yes.
:22:33. > :22:40.People would be able to have a say in the... Governance of hospitals.
:22:41. > :22:44.But he said, "I'm not going to commit as David Cameron did not to
:22:45. > :22:49.closing any hospitals." That's right, we had David Cameron and
:22:50. > :22:53.Andrew Lansley out with their placards saying they would save
:22:54. > :22:58.hospitals, but they ended up closing them. What's the point of sitting on
:22:59. > :23:03.the board of a hospital... He said you have to give patients and the
:23:04. > :23:06.public more of a role and you have got to have clearer accountability
:23:07. > :23:10.in the consultation. We saw big changes in stroke services in London
:23:11. > :23:13.where they were specialised in regional centres. That was really
:23:14. > :23:17.tough, but the way they made those changes was by going out, involving
:23:18. > :23:22.patients and the public. I can remember being at Victoria Station
:23:23. > :23:24.one day and seeing a huge event where they were asking people for
:23:25. > :23:27.their views. You are never going to get the changes we need unless you
:23:28. > :23:32.really give people a say and make sure that the proper accountability
:23:33. > :23:37.and involvement is there. Your views just need more work, more
:23:38. > :23:41.refinement, more grounding? I think it needs more courage as well. I
:23:42. > :23:45.think that it is still the case that the Labour Party at all levels is
:23:46. > :23:49.full of people who feel that as long as the Labour Party wins the next
:23:50. > :23:52.election through one more heave, they can start pulling the leavers
:23:53. > :23:56.in Whitehall. Whitehall leaver pulling has been unsuccessful. We
:23:57. > :24:00.have had 20 years of reform of our schools, I am not sure they would be
:24:01. > :24:04.any better if there was no reform and you can say more or less the
:24:05. > :24:10.same thing about the Health Service. There is a fundamental problem with
:24:11. > :24:13.policy chakeing and Ed has hinted at it, but he has to give a powerful
:24:14. > :24:17.message and because the Labour Party is committed to statism, you have
:24:18. > :24:23.got to shout this ten times louder than you would normally would for it
:24:24. > :24:27.to breakthrough. Our roots as a party were in
:24:28. > :24:30.community organisations people coming together to help themselves
:24:31. > :24:38.and one another. Thank you very much.
:24:39. > :24:41.Quack medicine is one thing. We can all decide whether to put our faith
:24:42. > :24:44.in so-called traditional cures, but when the ingredients drive a species
:24:45. > :24:48.to the brink of extinction, surely other standards apply. On Thursday
:24:49. > :24:50.Britain plays host to a gathering in London trying to get an
:24:51. > :24:53.international agreement somehow to stop the illegal trade in wildlife.
:24:54. > :24:57.Good luck with that because existing international bans have failed
:24:58. > :25:00.lamentably. The trade is reckoned to be worth over ?6 billion a year,
:25:01. > :25:03.animals dying in great numbers to meet an appetite from unscrupulous
:25:04. > :25:10.dealers supplying rich, stupid people, mainly in Asia. Sue
:25:11. > :25:12.Lloyd-Roberts reports from Vietnam and her report contains some
:25:13. > :25:23.distressing images. I had been given official permission
:25:24. > :25:27.to report on the rhino horn trade in Vietnam and I start by looking for
:25:28. > :25:32.the horn on traditional Chinese medicine street, the place I'm told
:25:33. > :25:36.to buy it. But the poster here warns the trade
:25:37. > :25:41.is now illegal and with my Government minder looking on, I
:25:42. > :25:47.don't have much luck. Do you sell any rhino horn?
:25:48. > :25:54.Does anyone sell n products z products on the street?
:25:55. > :26:01.I'm told that I'm not going to be allowed to film much so I have time
:26:02. > :26:04.on my hands which my minder might have guessed is a dangerous
:26:05. > :26:11.situation to allow a journalist to find herself in. Slipping away that
:26:12. > :26:17.evening, I go shopping again, but with a hidden camera. Now, the
:26:18. > :26:22.traders have no inhibitions like the one I'm directed to in the back of a
:26:23. > :26:30.Taylor's shop. How much are you charging? It is more expensive than
:26:31. > :26:35.gold because of the widely held belief in it's medicinal power. I
:26:36. > :26:44.tell the trader I'm looking for a cancer cure for my husband.
:26:45. > :26:51.He tells me he has several of these horns in stock. They are from the
:26:52. > :26:57.Asian rhino he says which have been hunted out of existence in Vietnam.
:26:58. > :27:01.I make my excuses and leave saying it is out of my price range and I
:27:02. > :27:06.doubt whether it is worth of the money. After all, biologists tell us
:27:07. > :27:15.that it is made of the same material as the human fingernail. This is the
:27:16. > :27:19.horn. When word gets around that I want to buy, I am approached by
:27:20. > :27:29.another trader who offers me horn from Africa.
:27:30. > :27:38.He was particularly obliging, even coming up to my hotel room to show
:27:39. > :27:44.me how to grind it in a special bowl and mix it with water or alcohol to
:27:45. > :27:49.drink. Most of the rhinos in the wild live in South Africa today
:27:50. > :27:58.where more than 1,000 were poached, killed for their horn last year. A
:27:59. > :28:03.40% increase on the year before. Nonetheless rhino hunting is
:28:04. > :28:06.permitted under strict rules. Fewer than 100 experienced hunters can
:28:07. > :28:12.apply for a permit every year to shoot just one rhino and they are
:28:13. > :28:19.required to keep the horn intact as a trophy. The argument is that
:28:20. > :28:24.hunting encourages privately owned rhino parks and therefore, adds to
:28:25. > :28:31.rhino numbers and contributes to the local economy. With no more rhino
:28:32. > :28:36.left in their own country, hundreds of Vietnamese hunters started
:28:37. > :28:41.applying for South African permits. By 2010 more Vietnamese applied to
:28:42. > :28:46.shoot a rhino than any other nationality. But many were selling
:28:47. > :28:53.the horns. Asian criminal gangs were charged with abusing the permit
:28:54. > :28:55.system and in 2012, South Africa banned the Vietnamese from hunting
:28:56. > :29:11.there. I met a wealthy businessman at
:29:12. > :29:16.night. He told me he joined a hunt in South Africa six years ago. He
:29:17. > :29:24.and his friends didn't know how to shoot. Mortally wounded, the rhino
:29:25. > :29:44.limped off. It took three days to find ten kilometres away.
:29:45. > :29:56.So he took a long time to die? Yeah. Everything that he and his friends
:29:57. > :30:03.did up to then was legal. What they did next was not. How much money did
:30:04. > :30:10.the rhino horn make after it was cut up?
:30:11. > :30:28.There is a lot of fake rhino horn around and on my next unofficial
:30:29. > :30:33.shopping expedition I ask for proof. This time I say I am looking for a
:30:34. > :30:38.hangover cure and this man who tells me he is a traditional medicine
:30:39. > :30:42.doctor offers me a slice of rhino horn and a new list of xants that it
:30:43. > :30:57.can -- complaints that it can apparently cure.
:30:58. > :31:20.Is it legal to sell rhino horn in Vietnam?
:31:21. > :31:27.He shows me hunting permits to shoot two rhinos. He took his wife with
:31:28. > :31:34.him. And there is a picture of his 82 old stun -- eight-year-old son
:31:35. > :31:41.standing next to a dead rhino. He shows me the import licence. It says
:31:42. > :31:48.conventional international trade in endangered species. Except that the
:31:49. > :31:52.rules of the convention, of which Vietnam is a symmetry, clearly state
:31:53. > :31:59.the hunting trophy, the horn, must be kept intact, in possession of the
:32:00. > :32:04.hunter, and not under any circumstances solved. A local
:32:05. > :32:11.campaigning group have transmitted shocking and graphic adverts on
:32:12. > :32:15.television. We have blurred this picture of a rhino still alive with
:32:16. > :32:23.its horn and much of its face cut off.
:32:24. > :32:30.The government complained, saying they were too negative. What is the
:32:31. > :32:37.government doing? Five weeks before coming here I had asked to speak to
:32:38. > :32:41.politicians whose job I am told is to stamp out the illegal trade. But
:32:42. > :32:46.when I got here I have been told none of the people I wanted to talk
:32:47. > :32:49.to work available. I am told the topic is too sensitive and five
:32:50. > :32:53.weeks isn't enough time to get everything organised. I get the
:32:54. > :32:59.impression that the problem of the illegal trade in rhino horn here in
:33:00. > :33:08.Vietnam is not regarded as an urgent one. The only official I was allowed
:33:09. > :33:11.to talk to was the man responsible for getting the government to abide
:33:12. > :33:21.by the Convention on trade in endangered species. I put it to him
:33:22. > :33:24.that convention officials had asked Vietnam to introduce new laws to
:33:25. > :33:32.stop punters selling their horns two years ago. -- Unter 's.
:33:33. > :33:52.You cannot submit it in one year. In London this week the
:33:53. > :33:57.international community will be saying they are not doing enough.
:33:58. > :34:03.Procrastination is no longer an option, say the experts. The African
:34:04. > :34:07.rhino now faces extinction. And Vietnam and other countries in Asia
:34:08. > :34:14.must take urgent action to put a stop to this bloody trade.
:34:15. > :34:18.The all-male comedy panel show, the kind we have seen for years and
:34:19. > :34:25.years, is about to end. On the orders of a senior BVC manager every
:34:26. > :34:28.show must have now female representation -- BBC. Why they
:34:29. > :34:32.haven't so far has generated much home-made evolutionary psychology,
:34:33. > :34:36.men need to be able to make women laugh in order to get sex being the
:34:37. > :34:45.commonest theme. When a senior figure at the BBC says jump, we only
:34:46. > :34:50.ask how high will stop --. You can see the most night of the week, be
:34:51. > :34:56.pits disguised as studios in which male comics set out to see who can p
:34:57. > :35:01.higher up the wall. Is it couldn't arrange a Ted in a lavatory? The
:35:02. > :35:10.women who do take part have to adapt to a largish culture and hope their
:35:11. > :35:20.contributions make the final cut. Welcome to biggest historical boots
:35:21. > :35:25.with me, Katie Bryce. It is also true there are many more male
:35:26. > :35:28.comedians than female. Even Jermaine Greer judges that women have not
:35:29. > :35:41.developed the arts of full in, clowning, denies, into a performance
:35:42. > :35:48.as so many men have. Can an edict from immediate naval change that?
:35:49. > :35:53.Here to discuss the subject, and entirely testicle free panel of
:35:54. > :35:56.female comedians and actress and comedian Maureen Lippman is first,
:35:57. > :36:01.the impressionist Jan Ravens, and the stand-up comedian and panel show
:36:02. > :36:11.regular, Lucy Porter. Is this worthwhile? It is very nice to say
:36:12. > :36:15.they will not make any panel shows without women, but it is not the
:36:16. > :36:22.case to just have a token woman. You just feel like the token, and we
:36:23. > :36:27.have got to make it normal, so there are more female hosts, more female
:36:28. > :36:34.team captains, or there is a show, as you have outlined here where
:36:35. > :36:40.there are more of them. What you have done today is what most haven't
:36:41. > :36:49.been able to do. It is a very small desk. Do think it is worthwhile? I
:36:50. > :36:54.am not really for tokenism. Surely it is merely an adequate
:36:55. > :36:59.representation of the population. There is a representation. The
:37:00. > :37:04.problem goes back, is this a programme worth having? I think what
:37:05. > :37:10.has happened is setting women who it does work for, there are women
:37:11. > :37:15.comics like Jo Brand, sandy toxic, who have over the years really, by
:37:16. > :37:30.osmosis, taken on the delivery of men. -- Sandi Tosvig.
:37:31. > :37:37.We don't need to just be talking about female representation on the
:37:38. > :37:44.shows that exist, it is about thinking of some new shows, so that
:37:45. > :37:53.the style of comedy isn't maybe so it yet he later, it is. What does it
:37:54. > :37:57.like appearing on one of those? The only downside is when you are the
:37:58. > :38:01.only woman, you do sort of set out thinking I am representing my entire
:38:02. > :38:08.gender. You don't want that pressure. But what Danny has done is
:38:09. > :38:12.nice but it is responding to what is happening anyway, there is a wider
:38:13. > :38:19.cultural trend towards people saying we would like to see women
:38:20. > :38:23.represented differently. We never get second chance will stop before
:38:24. > :38:25.woman goes on a programme, this does Bobby Blake Joan Bakewell on have I
:38:26. > :38:33.got News for you, Christine Hambleton, Janet Street Porter, but
:38:34. > :38:42.that is it. It is a one-off. We must get loads of different women in,
:38:43. > :38:47.rather than nurture. There is a lack of team captains, regular. And bring
:38:48. > :38:53.in other women so you have always got to. I usual people really care
:38:54. > :39:01.about this? The audience, if you look at the audience for Qi Y,
:39:02. > :39:10.Buzzcocks, it is dominated by women. Higher proportion of women than men.
:39:11. > :39:14.There's roughly a reason why the women are laughing said the men will
:39:15. > :39:18.go home with them afterwards. The whole thing has got to be changed.
:39:19. > :39:27.We should have had a man on this panel tonight. There is not much
:39:28. > :39:30.room. It is not just having a woman, it is the kind of woman. What
:39:31. > :39:40.they quite often do is have a young, pretty girl. We can't have that. If
:39:41. > :39:45.it is supposed to be a comedy show and she isn't funny as well as young
:39:46. > :39:48.and pretty, there are 1 million comedians that could go on the show,
:39:49. > :39:53.but they choose to have, or somebody like... The positive thing is this
:39:54. > :39:58.will change because there are so many women doing comedy really well,
:39:59. > :40:03.Bridget Christie won the comedy awards in Edinburgh, there are still
:40:04. > :40:07.more men than women doing comedy but there are millions of comedians now.
:40:08. > :40:11.Have got too many comedians but luckily that means we have got a lot
:40:12. > :40:17.of women as well. You must remember Nichols and me and Jon Fortune, that
:40:18. > :40:27.was completely equal, there is very little of that about. I have gone
:40:28. > :40:30.completely blank. Do you not remember Mike Nichols and Elaine
:40:31. > :40:44.May? An American duo. So intelligent. That is what we need,
:40:45. > :40:47.more collaborative comedy. Is it a different kind of humour when men
:40:48. > :40:51.and women work well together? Women behave differently when they are on
:40:52. > :40:55.a show with men. They are afraid to be a bit cynical and sneery like
:40:56. > :41:02.they are when they are together. The comedy circuit has changed. It used
:41:03. > :41:06.to be you were the only woman, like a special act, and the clubs have at
:41:07. > :41:10.the Philly sought to have female friendly bills like the stand in
:41:11. > :41:14.Scotland and the glee clubs around the country. They have a nice
:41:15. > :41:18.atmosphere, the dressing rooms are lovely, audience whose love those
:41:19. > :41:33.venues because they know it will not be shouting men. Different kinds of
:41:34. > :41:38.men as well. A lot of actresses, comedians, would say no to being on
:41:39. > :41:46.Mock the week. On what grounds? Fear. It is just a bearpit. I went
:41:47. > :41:52.on it and people say, my God, how brave! For a woman to be yourself,
:41:53. > :41:56.it is quite difficult. Actresses are used to having other people doing
:41:57. > :42:07.the lines for them, not every good comedian is witty. It is quite
:42:08. > :42:18.difficult to interrupted enough. On Mock The Week I spent most of the
:42:19. > :42:27.week... I let you have to be in trainers, you have to run. The News
:42:28. > :42:34.quiz always have loads of women, on the radio. At one stage I'm sorry I
:42:35. > :42:41.haven't a clue hadn't had a woman for ages. We don't touch that, it is
:42:42. > :42:45.a different world. Generally on radio and think things have changed
:42:46. > :42:51.and television is catching up. There are a lot of women who they could
:42:52. > :42:56.ask. Like Tamsin Greg, people from outnumbered. If they would say yes,
:42:57. > :43:01.give them a go. Lots of comedians on the circuit to I haven't seen, who
:43:02. > :43:10.would be brilliant. Sara Pascoe, Rebecca front was good. Thank you
:43:11. > :43:14.all very much. It was announced to day one of the
:43:15. > :43:17.founders of the highly influential doctrine of multiculturalism has
:43:18. > :43:22.died. Stuart Hall, a Jamaican immigrant who became an open
:43:23. > :43:24.University professor, a rather impressive speaker and a hero to
:43:25. > :43:33.readers of the Guardian and New Left Review, was 82. While the philosophy
:43:34. > :43:36.trains its attraction for many -- has lost its attraction for many, it
:43:37. > :43:40.has fallen out of fashion in the last few years. I will discuss his
:43:41. > :43:44.life and legacy but here are a few thoughts shared by him over the
:43:45. > :43:51.years in his own words, accompanied by his beloved jazz.
:43:52. > :43:59.Hello. The programme you are about to see is about national identity,
:44:00. > :44:04.and the importance of national identity in giving us a sense of who
:44:05. > :44:11.we are and where we belong. British nurse was coded racially. You didn't
:44:12. > :44:18.have two say white British. That is what it meant. I didn't think it is
:44:19. > :44:28.true, I think you can be you you are, you can be black, you can have
:44:29. > :44:31.come from a different route via the lonely relation on the Empire
:44:32. > :44:42.Windrush, through migration, into the inner city. This is a British
:44:43. > :44:46.history. We are in the centre of the creative culture of the society who
:44:47. > :44:50.have created in their myriad artforms from writing, poetry,
:44:51. > :44:55.dance, music, right through to wrap, created a new culture, a
:44:56. > :45:01.culture which in its variety and power astonishes. The eyes of
:45:02. > :45:08.young, white people in society, which is a mark, assign that they
:45:09. > :45:12.are the people of the future, and that needs organisation and funding.
:45:13. > :45:17.We have to go out and get it. It is ours.
:45:18. > :45:20.With this now is John Akomfrah, an Artisan Formica who knew him for
:45:21. > :45:28.more than 20 years and recently made a documentary about his life. How
:45:29. > :45:36.significant was his life? Very significant. He was really the last
:45:37. > :45:44.of that great group of intellectuals who came of age in their 50s, fund
:45:45. > :45:49.amount what we thought culture and identity politics would be --
:45:50. > :46:00.fundamentally. I'm talking about people like Richard Hoggart. He was
:46:01. > :46:03.in that class. Hugely significant. Specifically on multiculturalism, he
:46:04. > :46:09.is called the godfather of multiculturalism, can you explain
:46:10. > :46:15.what he was about that? This is not a term he would have
:46:16. > :46:22.approved of. But in some ways it applies to him, because one of the
:46:23. > :46:31.abiding feelings of his work was the attempt to try and speak to the id
:46:32. > :46:43.stern -- speak about the extent to which a multicultural state both of
:46:44. > :46:48.being and identity, is something that is uniquely British. For Stuart
:46:49. > :46:53.Hall, multiculturalism was his attempt to talk about 400, 500 year
:46:54. > :47:00.history of Britain and its engagement with several parts of the
:47:01. > :47:06.world. And to stress that the parts of the world that Britain went to,
:47:07. > :47:12.it made an impression with people where, and they have come here
:47:13. > :47:16.bringing not just something from outside, but something from the
:47:17. > :47:21.periphery of British life. In that sense, I would say, he is a
:47:22. > :47:24.godfather of multiculturalism. It is a theme in his work he returned to
:47:25. > :47:31.again and again, the periphery is the same as the centre, in some
:47:32. > :47:37.ways. What was he like as a person? He was the most generous person I
:47:38. > :47:45.have ever come across. I was 20 something, making my first film, we
:47:46. > :47:53.have no reason to come, he didn't know what Ron Adam, he came, he
:47:54. > :48:01.spent weeks talking to us about the film, the problem is, how to put it
:48:02. > :48:04.right. And he did this film for countless numbers of people. He was
:48:05. > :48:09.incredibly open and accessible, to thousands of people across the
:48:10. > :48:13.world. I am no exception. I have been taking the films I have made
:48:14. > :48:18.across the world. Literally everywhere I go, I have just come
:48:19. > :48:22.back from India, people come to me and say how was he? He did this on
:48:23. > :48:30.my thesis. He worked on this with my dissertation.
:48:31. > :48:40.Stewart Stewart Stewart Stewart Stuart
:48:41. > :48:50.Beyond that everything was OK. Well, that's almost it for tonight.
:48:51. > :48:56.Time for the papers. Well we start with the Scots Man. The Scottish
:48:57. > :49:02.Mail has Scottish counsels paying out -- councils paying out millions
:49:03. > :49:06.to motorists cars who have been damaged by potholes.
:49:07. > :49:12.That's it from us. Don't forget, that if women have got a majority on
:49:13. > :49:17.Newsnight, well there is hope for all of us. Good night, sisters!