:00:00. > :00:09.First, the Ukrainian government issues an ultimatum to protesters,
:00:10. > :00:14.then it tries to enforce it, without any great you can ises. Some of its
:00:15. > :00:20.soldiers are disarmed and captured by the very people they were
:00:21. > :00:23.supposed to be suppress. The Ukrainian soldiers have been put in
:00:24. > :00:28.the buses behind us. They are being bussed away. They had their weapons
:00:29. > :00:33.taken away from them. Is there a looming point at which this proxy
:00:34. > :00:40.confrontation between Russia and the West turns into something worse? The
:00:41. > :00:44.man cleared of murdering PC Keith Blakelock talks for the first time
:00:45. > :00:50.about what happened that night. I was on the estate when PC Blakelock
:00:51. > :00:55.died, but I wasn't near. I wasn't in no crowd chasing him. I wasn't in no
:00:56. > :01:02.crowd urging anyone on to do anything to him. One woman and lots
:01:03. > :01:06.of other people's dogs. How working for yourself is the new big thing in
:01:07. > :01:18.employment. From the horrors of the civil war in
:01:19. > :01:22.the Central African Republic, the story of a Christian and a Muslim
:01:23. > :01:23.leader working together to prove it doesn't have to be an eye for an
:01:24. > :01:37.eye. There are talks in Geneva tomorrow
:01:38. > :01:43.which are supposed to help to defuse the crisis in Ukraine. The omens
:01:44. > :01:47.aren't good. The government in Kiev hasn't been able to ex-cert its will
:01:48. > :01:51.in eastern Ukraine and Russia is still talking about the danger of
:01:52. > :01:55.civil war. NATO estimates there are about 40,000 Russian troops massed
:01:56. > :02:01.on the border. The Secretary General says NATO forces on land, sea and
:02:02. > :02:06.air will be deployed shortly. Yet, no western power has saided they
:02:07. > :02:13.will intervene militarily. We're going to hear the broader
:02:14. > :02:17.implications in a moment, first, Gabriel Gatehouse reports from the
:02:18. > :02:24.scene. Today was the day Kiev sent in troops to try to get control back
:02:25. > :02:28.of the east. It didn't go well. Crowds of angry locals, surrounded
:02:29. > :02:35.the soldiers and their armoured vehicles. A warning shot, fired into
:02:36. > :02:41.the air, failed to disperse the protesters, just outside the town of
:02:42. > :02:48.Kramatorsk. A short while later some of those same armoured vehicles are
:02:49. > :02:52.seen on a Ukrainian TV stations making much faster progress, but
:02:53. > :02:58.flying a Russian flag. What happened? Were they captured or did
:02:59. > :03:02.the soldiers defect? If soldiers are defecting, that could be a
:03:03. > :03:07.game-changer. A massive boost for the separatist movement. If they
:03:08. > :03:14.surrendered on the other hand, what does that say about Kiev's ability
:03:15. > :03:17.to reassert its ability on the region using military means. We
:03:18. > :03:22.found some of the missing armour vehicles, in the hands of
:03:23. > :03:27.pro-Russian militia men. We were told not to film the government
:03:28. > :03:32.soldiers from a Parachute Regiment. While a colleague tried to film, I
:03:33. > :03:37.spoke to some of the government soldiers. They told me they had been
:03:38. > :03:44.surrounded by local residents first, then they said armed men arrived,
:03:45. > :03:50.taken over their vehicles. I heard a commander order them to hand over
:03:51. > :03:54.their guns. The Ukrainian soldiers have been put on those buses behind
:03:55. > :04:01.us. They are being bussed away. They had their weapons taken away from
:04:02. > :04:07.them, effectively surrendered. The excited and sometimes angry crowd
:04:08. > :04:12.believed something very different. TRANSLATION: They refused to shoot
:04:13. > :04:18.on us. Some have come over to our side. They volunteered to join our
:04:19. > :04:24.forces. The rest have been given food and money and are going home.
:04:25. > :04:28.We found the remaining government forces still blockaded in by local
:04:29. > :04:34.residents, enable to advance. The commanding officer told me his men
:04:35. > :04:38.had been taken prisoner not defected. I asked him how he planned
:04:39. > :04:43.to take control? TRANSLATION: What do you mean of
:04:44. > :04:47.taking control? My understanding that the local population should be
:04:48. > :04:51.able to live there in peace. Said he hoped he and his men would pull
:04:52. > :04:55.back, withdrawing to their bases in central Ukraine. The locals are
:04:56. > :05:00.telling us this morning when they heard about this main group of
:05:01. > :05:04.armoured vehicles rumbling into town they came out immediately and
:05:05. > :05:07.stopped them until their tracks. These soldiers clearly haven't been
:05:08. > :05:18.captured. Safety in numbers, perhaps, but the commander told me
:05:19. > :05:21.they are about to withdraw. In key v an inexperienced new government is
:05:22. > :05:25.come under pressure to bring the east under control. It's not clear
:05:26. > :05:29.what the Ukrainian military wanted to achieve today. What is clear,
:05:30. > :05:33.this approach doesn't seem to be working. Was Gabriel Gatehouse in
:05:34. > :05:36.eastern Ukraine. What shall we make of the separatist movement? Will it
:05:37. > :05:42.be strong enough to break apart the country? Our diplomatic editor, mark
:05:43. > :05:45.Urban, has been looking into the history of the eastern part of the
:05:46. > :05:50.country, its divisions and the strength of pro-Russian public
:05:51. > :05:54.opinion. Ukraine, even the name means "pord border land" a place
:05:55. > :06:01.where the shifting realities of power has caused frontiers to
:06:02. > :06:05.migrate. The 1922 solvient republic was smaller. It had many Russian
:06:06. > :06:10.settlers in the east, which would grow into the industrial heartland,
:06:11. > :06:15.home to coalmining and heavy industry, the powerhouse of Ukraine.
:06:16. > :06:21.More Russians arrived after the famine engineered by Stalin in the
:06:22. > :06:25.1930s left the east depopulated. After the war, he also shifted
:06:26. > :06:30.borders westwards, adding land from Poland and other countries,
:06:31. > :06:36.absorbing millions of new citizens with a very different perspective to
:06:37. > :06:43.the Russians. In 1954, Crimea was added too. Crimea, more than 58%
:06:44. > :06:49.Russian, is the only area where they are in the majority and that made
:06:50. > :06:54.itses annexation by Russia simpler. In the east, home to 14 million
:06:55. > :07:08.Ukrainians, even the Donetsk region doesn't have a Russian majority. It,
:07:09. > :07:14.and the neighbour Lugansk have a 39% Russian. Even in the east only 24%
:07:15. > :07:21.said yes in a recent survey. In western Ukraine. That was only 1%.
:07:22. > :07:26.As for future ties, while most Ukrainians wanted closer ties with
:07:27. > :07:33.the EU, it's different in the east. Only 22% said they would vote Yes to
:07:34. > :07:42.that there. 62% said they wanted to join Mr Putin's Eurasian Customs
:07:43. > :07:49.Union. It's the Gulf over trade, autonomy and the future that could
:07:50. > :07:52.break Ukraine it Seve part. Olexander Scherba,
:07:53. > :07:58.Ambassador-at-Large in the Ukrainian foreign Ministry. He joins us from
:07:59. > :08:03.Kiev. These talks in Geneva tomorrow, what is your Foreign
:08:04. > :08:07.Minister going to say at them? Well, we are going to say what we have
:08:08. > :08:16.been saying for quite a while. We don't want to go at war with Russia.
:08:17. > :08:25.We don't want war to be a part of our reality. But, also we will talk
:08:26. > :08:33.to the West and we will look into the West's eyes and we will remind
:08:34. > :08:41.them that in the last three months this nation was basically fighting
:08:42. > :08:45.for democracy and freedom and people were dying for democracy and
:08:46. > :08:50.freedom. Now it's the moment of truth for all three sides, for all
:08:51. > :08:56.four sides that will be sitting around the table in Geneva. Russia,
:08:57. > :09:04.Ukraine, America, and the European Union. You know that there is no
:09:05. > :09:09.possibility of NATO forces militarily intervening in Ukraine,
:09:10. > :09:16.don't you? We don't think that all the possibilities for the West are
:09:17. > :09:25.exhausted. What do you think the West could do then further? First of
:09:26. > :09:32.all, tomorrow there will be a chance for the goodwill for the goodwill to
:09:33. > :09:38.play its part in this whole drama that is unfolding before our eyes
:09:39. > :09:48.from Russia and from the West. If the goodwill doesn't take over, if
:09:49. > :09:55.the aggression prevails, then of course the sanctions must be... Must
:09:56. > :10:00.toughen up. You do accept, do you, that Russia is exploiting genuine
:10:01. > :10:04.divisions in your country? Absolutely. Absolutely. Ukraine,
:10:05. > :10:10.like many, many countries in the world, has many division lines, it's
:10:11. > :10:15.not a reason to take this country apart or dismember them. You just
:10:16. > :10:21.heard the statistics, the majority of all the regions that we are
:10:22. > :10:26.talking about right now in Ukraine's east stands as supports staying
:10:27. > :10:34.within the limits of Ukraine and being a part of Ukraine sovereign
:10:35. > :10:42.state. Why has your government been so poor at trying to enforce its
:10:43. > :10:50.will in eastern Ukraine? Because tomorrow is Geneva negotiations.
:10:51. > :10:57.And, Russia... Russia's position was very clear. Anything, any bloodshed
:10:58. > :11:01.on the ground would derail the negotiations. The soldiers, the
:11:02. > :11:06.troops on the ground weren't given the orders, that is the one thing.
:11:07. > :11:16.For the other thing, it's a very complicated issue for Ukrainians to
:11:17. > :11:25.get ready, to shoot at own people. And, also to shoot at Russians. Even
:11:26. > :11:29.if these own people, even if these foreigners, who came from the
:11:30. > :11:36.neighbouring country, are really meaning harm for Ukraine, we have
:11:37. > :11:44.been seeing this nation as a brotherly nation for two decades,
:11:45. > :11:48.for hundreds of years. And, it real situation for many, many of us right
:11:49. > :11:54.now. If you were so concerned, why did you send in the troops at all?
:11:55. > :11:58.At every stage there seems to have been mishandled. You issue an
:11:59. > :12:02.ultimatum much you don't keep to it. You let another day go by. You say
:12:03. > :12:07.you are worried about how the Russians might react, but send in
:12:08. > :12:14.troops. In the end the whole thing is a complete fee sass Coe?
:12:15. > :12:22.There has been some miscalculation in some parts today. But he did not
:12:23. > :12:34.show the other cities and there are other times where the situation has
:12:35. > :12:39.calmed down today. Thanks to the presence of the army on the ground.
:12:40. > :12:52.How do you think this crisis is going to end? I hope that common
:12:53. > :12:59.sense will prevail. I hope that tomorrow the Russian delegation will
:13:00. > :13:06.come with clear instructions to do their utmost to stop this madness.
:13:07. > :13:11.It is madness going on in Ukraine between our nations that have been
:13:12. > :13:16.together and have been living in peace with each other for a very
:13:17. > :13:24.long time. Thank you for talking to us. There has been a frantic search
:13:25. > :13:27.going on to find anyone who might have survived the sinking of a
:13:28. > :13:32.passenger ferry off the coast of South Korea. A.D300 people, many
:13:33. > :13:37.schoolchildren, are still unaccounted for and as time passes,
:13:38. > :13:43.so does hope. The ferry which sank quickly, within a period of two
:13:44. > :13:48.hours, sent its distress call at around 9am local time after it began
:13:49. > :13:52.to take on water. What precisely calls to sink is not of lesser
:13:53. > :13:57.importance than trying to save life or perhaps to recover bodies.
:13:58. > :14:03.Joining me from Southampton is Captain John Noble, who was a marine
:14:04. > :14:10.salvage expert. From what we know all the circumstances, what do you
:14:11. > :14:15.think happened? It would appear from the passengers and evidence that the
:14:16. > :14:22.ship struck something on the sea bed, either the sea bed or something
:14:23. > :14:32.else, like a sunken container, and she was doing something in the order
:14:33. > :14:38.of 18 knotts so as a result of any impact, there would be damage to the
:14:39. > :14:44.ship's hull and there would be water ingress. The ship is said to have
:14:45. > :14:51.then listed and then suddenly to have turned over. The initial
:14:52. > :14:57.ingress would have been into the area adjacent to the impact took
:14:58. > :15:01.place and much will depend on whether the watertight doors were
:15:02. > :15:08.closed immediately or if they remained open. The initial list was
:15:09. > :15:17.quite gradual but then suddenly, she went over and that would indicate
:15:18. > :15:23.that water, possibly, entered the car deck, that they expands and of
:15:24. > :15:28.water gets into that space, stability is severely affected. And
:15:29. > :15:34.as a result, she would have capsized more quickly, as appears to have
:15:35. > :15:40.been the case. Are there lessons from previous sinkings that perhaps
:15:41. > :15:44.have not been properly learned? It is too early to say, until we find
:15:45. > :15:51.out what did happen. If the doors were not closed immediately after
:15:52. > :16:03.they felt trembling, that would be one mistake, if that is the right
:16:04. > :16:07.word. But the lessons of the other cases probably do not apply because
:16:08. > :16:14.advances have been made in the design and practice on this type of
:16:15. > :16:23.ship, so it is too early to speculate about the exact cause.
:16:24. > :16:28.There are some survivors who have talked about after the initial
:16:29. > :16:33.impact, being told to stay inside. Is that good advice? It is probably
:16:34. > :16:40.the standard procedure they had on-board for any incident but my
:16:41. > :16:45.suspicion is the crew involved, who are exercising these orders, would
:16:46. > :16:51.not have appreciated what was going on and there may have been a bright
:16:52. > :16:56.line in giving occasion on-board, so the initial response to stay where
:16:57. > :17:00.you are is probably right. But the seriousness of this event clearly
:17:01. > :17:05.did not get through and as a result, that was the wrong thing to do.
:17:06. > :17:14.Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you. It has not been British
:17:15. > :17:17.justice's greatest hour. Almost 30 years after his killing, no-one has
:17:18. > :17:21.been convicted of the murder of police constable Keith Blakelock.
:17:22. > :17:24.The investigation into the horrific murder of one of their own turned
:17:25. > :17:28.into a saga of police incompetence, the most recent chapter of which
:17:29. > :17:33.resulted in the acquittal a week ago today of a man called Nicky Jacobs.
:17:34. > :17:36.He has never spoken to the media about what happened the night PC
:17:37. > :17:43.Blakelock was hacked to death, nor of what it's like to be arrested for
:17:44. > :17:54.a crime like that. But he has now. He talked to Kurt Barling. On
:17:55. > :17:58.October the 6th 1985, it is a long way of that those who were there
:17:59. > :18:03.will never forget it. Hundreds of young people, black and white,
:18:04. > :18:08.including 16-year-old Nicky Jacobs, clashing in long-running battles
:18:09. > :18:15.which ended in the murder and tragedy. One week ago, Nicky Jacobs
:18:16. > :18:20.was found not guilty of the murder of PC Keith Blakelock. It is a cloud
:18:21. > :18:29.that has been hanging over him for 29 years. This is the first time he
:18:30. > :18:35.has given an interview. I was throwing stones at police and to be
:18:36. > :18:43.honest, I think, looking back, they expected that. Because they did not
:18:44. > :18:48.show any respect. The death of Cynthia Jarrett had fuelled the
:18:49. > :18:52.anger of those who chose to write and have certainly, their attitudes
:18:53. > :19:02.once they heard a police officer had died. She died the day before or
:19:03. > :19:07.something like that. So, for me, we would have had that feeling of
:19:08. > :19:18.tit-for-tat. Was there any moment when you thought, I have missed the
:19:19. > :19:27.main event? It did? Mind. Because, like I said, at that time, what
:19:28. > :19:35.officers had done to the black community, it was celebration times.
:19:36. > :19:39.His lawyers decided he should not give evidence at the Old Bailey. He
:19:40. > :19:43.says if he had, he would have said he was nowhere near where PC Keith
:19:44. > :19:48.Blakelock was murdered and he was too busy elsewhere throwing stones
:19:49. > :19:54.and Molotov cocktails, for which she was sent to prison for eight years
:19:55. > :20:01.in 1986. I was on the estate when PC Keith Blakelock died but I was not
:20:02. > :20:11.in that crowd. Chasing him, I was not in the crowd urging anyone to do
:20:12. > :20:18.anything to him. I am so glad, they tried to put me there but I was not
:20:19. > :20:22.there. Like I said, I will sleep at night knowing I am not guilty. What
:20:23. > :20:28.I am saying is I did not kill PC Keith Blakelock. Where were you when
:20:29. > :20:33.that happened? I was on the estate, running around, like other kids. We
:20:34. > :20:42.know the murder took place and you were not there? I was nowhere near.
:20:43. > :20:50.Whoever said that they saw me there, they are wicked. At his trial, Nicky
:20:51. > :20:53.Jacobs and the family of PC Keith Blakelock listened to evidence from
:20:54. > :21:01.alleged eyewitnesses to the murder who put themselves and Nicky Jacobs
:21:02. > :21:07.at the scene. The jury also decided the evidence was unreliable. Nicky
:21:08. > :21:10.Jacobs says he cannot understand why those who admitted to kicking PC
:21:11. > :21:16.Keith Blakelock were allowed to give evidence against him. Even the
:21:17. > :21:28.witnesses, I am not mad at them, I am not. I mean... I have always
:21:29. > :21:33.grown up in a life, I would not say lifestyle, but then alive whether or
:21:34. > :21:42.certain things you do not do but on top of that, to just lie, to not
:21:43. > :21:45.care, no one knows his family, because these guys are the only
:21:46. > :21:52.people who said they took part in the murder, either with a weapon or
:21:53. > :21:56.not, and they got rewarded. I want a mansion, I want a novella, a sexy
:21:57. > :22:02.wife who can kick me dinner. She would have to be romantic, faithful,
:22:03. > :22:07.give me a couple of youths, son and daughter, send them to school... One
:22:08. > :22:13.of the key planks of the prosecution was a so-called poll in which Nicky
:22:14. > :22:17.Jacobs, aged 18, described in detail the murder of PC Keith Blakelock. It
:22:18. > :22:22.was presented as a confession. Nicky Jacobs says it reflects the feelings
:22:23. > :22:28.of a young man who had lost hope in prison but not yet in life. This is
:22:29. > :22:40.about a 16-year-old boy. I am 45 years old. Do you know what I mean?
:22:41. > :22:47.All of these feelings, this porn, -- poem. There were particular areas
:22:48. > :22:51.the prosecution focused on, chopping him on the fingers and the shoulder
:22:52. > :22:55.and the chest? Chopping him all over and he is killed? What were you
:22:56. > :23:06.thinking, because the prosecution said, it was an admission? Yes. Yes.
:23:07. > :23:19.I mean, if you look and you can see those lyrics, it never says that I,
:23:20. > :23:26.Nicky Jacobs, or me, it is always way. Despite his anger at the
:23:27. > :23:28.decision to prosecute him with a unreliable witnesses and
:23:29. > :23:32.contradictory evidence, Nicky Jacobs feels that as much as him, the
:23:33. > :23:38.family of PC Keith Blakelock were not well served by his trial. If
:23:39. > :23:43.that was one of my family members, I would want justice. I would be
:23:44. > :23:49.outside the courts, petitions, whatever. I would want that. But at
:23:50. > :23:55.the same time, if I had to sit down in the court for six weeks and here
:23:56. > :24:01.that so-called justice about somebody else, then I would be
:24:02. > :24:07.angry. And disappointed at the system. And the establishment, that
:24:08. > :24:11.my husband died for. Nicky Jacobs has been found not guilty and his
:24:12. > :24:16.claims of innocence justified by the verdict. It will take longer to
:24:17. > :24:28.overcome the trauma of being on trial for a wicked crime with the
:24:29. > :24:32.killer is eluding justice. -- killers. What a happy little
:24:33. > :24:43.Chancellor George Osborne must be. Yesterday it was the news that
:24:44. > :24:46.inflation was down. Today, the Office for National Statistics
:24:47. > :24:50.disclosed that unemployment is at 6.9% - its lowest for five years. It
:24:51. > :24:53.is therefore below the point at which the Bank of England used to
:24:54. > :24:55.say it would consider raising interest rates. But within that
:24:56. > :24:58.headline figure is something particularly interesting. The number
:24:59. > :25:01.of people working for someone else went up 3%. But the number of people
:25:02. > :25:04.working for themselves, the self-employed, rose by 9%. Has
:25:05. > :25:10.entrepreneurship taken off or is there another reason? Jim Reed
:25:11. > :25:14.reports. The self-made trader might feel it something straight out of
:25:15. > :25:18.the 1980s but 30 years on, figures and show it as a self-employed,
:25:19. > :25:25.workers like Mary, who are driving the latest recovery in the labour
:25:26. > :25:29.market. The 240,000 new jobs created in the three months, all was two
:25:30. > :25:34.thirds went to workers registered as self-employed. Merely left and
:25:35. > :25:39.administration job at Heathrow to start all over again at the age of
:25:40. > :25:41.53. Her dog sitting business has been going through the recession and
:25:42. > :25:48.has taken on its first proper employee. Wasn't the right decision?
:25:49. > :25:55.The best decision I ever made. I would say to anybody that was
:25:56. > :26:02.looking at this, yes, go for it. Definitely. And it is older workers
:26:03. > :26:07.who have made the bulk of the increase in self-employment since
:26:08. > :26:11.the recession - four out of five of those new jobs have been taken up by
:26:12. > :26:19.somebody over 50. I think because I did feel fairly financially secure,
:26:20. > :26:24.my mortgage was paid, so it did feel like the right time for me to do
:26:25. > :26:31.that so I did still have ten years ahead of me to be able to make a
:26:32. > :26:35.success out of something. Overall, today's figures were the strongest
:26:36. > :26:41.in five years. The number of people out of work fell by 77,000 in three
:26:42. > :26:45.months. 6.9%, the unemployment rate is below the level the Bank of
:26:46. > :26:50.England once said could trigger a rise in rates. Plenty for the
:26:51. > :26:54.Treasury to crow about. Self-employment is an important part
:26:55. > :26:57.of the economy but we are also seeing increasing numbers of
:26:58. > :27:02.permanent jobs, part-time employment and a varied labour market. One of
:27:03. > :27:07.the strengths of the UK economy and by helping build the -- businesses
:27:08. > :27:12.to create jobs, we are seeing more people work in this country than
:27:13. > :27:15.ever before. In previous recoveries, job growth has been led by big
:27:16. > :27:19.private-sector firms and the public sector. This time, that is not
:27:20. > :27:24.happening to the same extent. Instead, more growth appears to be
:27:25. > :27:29.coming from that rise in self-employment and short-term
:27:30. > :27:34.temporary contracts. Critics say that often means greater job
:27:35. > :27:38.insecurity and less pay. Research today shows that 44% of the rise in
:27:39. > :27:45.self-employment has come in lower skilled jobs like cleaning and
:27:46. > :27:51.catering. 28% say that given the choice, they would prefer to be
:27:52. > :27:55.full-time employees. Cathy is returning to rework is a landscape
:27:56. > :27:58.gardener after leaving her job in publishing at the start of the
:27:59. > :28:02.recession. She has been registered as self-employed, juggling studies
:28:03. > :28:07.with temporary contracts and freelance work. There are lots of
:28:08. > :28:14.low paid part-time zero hours contract work out their but how can
:28:15. > :28:20.you plan when you don't get paid and the children are sick? For me, the
:28:21. > :28:26.regularity of income and working hours and all of the other things
:28:27. > :28:32.are going with employment and offer more of what I am looking for these
:28:33. > :28:37.days. As the economy grows, so the idea is that people are Cathy will
:28:38. > :28:40.be able to get off those freelance contracts and join full-time work.
:28:41. > :28:46.That will decide whether the self-employment boom is a temporary
:28:47. > :28:54.lip to get us through deep recession or a longer term change to the way
:28:55. > :29:01.we work in this country. Nicola Smith is Head of Economic and Social
:29:02. > :29:06.Affairs at TUC. Allister Heath is editor of City AM. They join me now.
:29:07. > :29:12.Why is this happening? This is a real shift, what we have seen
:29:13. > :29:16.Staines 2010 is 40% of net jobs growth has been in self-employment
:29:17. > :29:22.and we have seen trends that are driving that change. That represents
:29:23. > :29:26.2010. We have find that the number of people starting their own
:29:27. > :29:30.business has gone down on the number who say they are contracting and
:29:31. > :29:36.freelancing is what is driving that increase going up. But why? I think
:29:37. > :29:40.it is happening because the labour market is still weak, were still
:29:41. > :29:47.recovering. That tells us something. Why?
:29:48. > :29:50.In the first phase because of the economic collapse, people had no
:29:51. > :29:54.choice. The choice was, either you are out of work, you are not earning
:29:55. > :29:58.anything, or you become a consultant and go freelance. The second phase
:29:59. > :30:02.is different. That is what we are seeing at the moment. A lot of
:30:03. > :30:06.people are choosing to be self employed at the moment. In some
:30:07. > :30:11.cases older people returning to work and other people going off on their
:30:12. > :30:14.own, start up their own business and be independent. There is a cultural
:30:15. > :30:19.change. The workforce is changing in ways that are quite positive. OK. We
:30:20. > :30:22.will come to whether they are positive or negative in a moment or
:30:23. > :30:26.two. It tells us something about the nature of this recession, doesn't,
:30:27. > :30:32.it the emergence from recession that the growth... The really notable
:30:33. > :30:36.growth is in self employment? I think it's telling us there is still
:30:37. > :30:41.a lot of weakness in the jobs market. There is still a lot of
:30:42. > :30:45.ground to make up. When we look at the detail self employed figures,
:30:46. > :30:48.you reported on some in your report, there since 2008, I think, the
:30:49. > :30:53.number of people who say they are self employed working in social care
:30:54. > :30:57.has gone up by 29%. The number of people who say they are self
:30:58. > :31:01.employed working in retail has gone up. That says to me there is a lot
:31:02. > :31:06.more insecure, low paid jobs in social care that are of a poorer
:31:07. > :31:10.quality than we heard before. More people are in work, that work is
:31:11. > :31:15.poorly paid and insecure. This takes us into the field that Alastair was
:31:16. > :31:19.just raising. Is it a good thing or bad thing? Why do you think it's a
:31:20. > :31:22.good thing? Two things. First of all, whether the recession people
:31:23. > :31:27.have no choice, I would rather as many as possible become self
:31:28. > :31:35.employed rather than become totally excluded from the labour market. In
:31:36. > :31:37.past recessions unemployment went up before because people didn't have
:31:38. > :31:41.the ability to be self employed. People have become more self
:31:42. > :31:45.reliant. It's good people want to work for themselves. Good that fewer
:31:46. > :31:50.people want to work for large companies. Why? It's more exciting.
:31:51. > :31:55.It's more creative and liberating. The more you see successful people
:31:56. > :31:59.going it alone and choosing to be self employed the better. It creates
:32:00. > :32:02.a die Nattic society. The a society where people will innovate and
:32:03. > :32:08.create new companies, jabs for others and so on. I'm quite behind
:32:09. > :32:12.that - It sounds a different view from the one you were outlining? I'm
:32:13. > :32:15.in favour of people starting their businesses and taking new people on.
:32:16. > :32:19.As I said earlier, we don't think the data show that is is what is
:32:20. > :32:26.happening. Our worry is, as we recover from recession, we see
:32:27. > :32:32.strong jobs growth, we aren't seeing job growth where wages are strong
:32:33. > :32:38.and we will get strength for the future. We see large numbers of jobs
:32:39. > :32:42.growing in low paid sectors and increasing the extent to which the
:32:43. > :32:49.jobs are insecure and poorly trained. Workers classify them as
:32:50. > :32:55.being on a self employed contract but you are delivering packages, or
:32:56. > :33:02.you are a social careworker but by making themselves self employed they
:33:03. > :33:06.avoid employment rights. If that was a permanent part of our economy
:33:07. > :33:09.would be negative. How much is to do with the benefit situation? I'm not
:33:10. > :33:12.sure there is a strong link with the benefit situation in particular. I
:33:13. > :33:19.think people who are on benefits desperately want to move into work.
:33:20. > :33:23.The big growth is in what is rather confusingly called "elementary
:33:24. > :33:27.employment" low skilled jobs, as you say? These jobs need to exist. A lot
:33:28. > :33:32.of people with low skills, great they are working. I think this is a
:33:33. > :33:38.really positive set of numbers. Huge increase in employment. Longest
:33:39. > :33:43.increase since 1989 since the Lawson boom. Half of the jobs over the past
:33:44. > :33:47.year are employee jobs, the other half are self employed. A lot of the
:33:48. > :33:54.jobs are low skilled. It's great these people are finding work. Good
:33:55. > :33:57.thing more people have jobs. A growth in self employment has
:33:58. > :34:02.cultural consequences too for the nation, doesn't it? You hinted at
:34:03. > :34:05.that? I like the cultural consequences. Independence and the
:34:06. > :34:10.fact people are, woing in smaller units is a good thing. You call it
:34:11. > :34:14.independence, others would call it insecurity. Poor terms and
:34:15. > :34:18.conditions, depressed incomes, wider trend towards those on lower and
:34:19. > :34:23.middle incomes getting a smaller share of the nation's incomes. The
:34:24. > :34:27.latest data, which aren't particularly up-to-date, a Hansard
:34:28. > :34:31.reference shows the average income is ?10,000 a year. We know people
:34:32. > :34:37.who are self employed, adown group of them are likely to be working at
:34:38. > :34:43.below minimum wage earnings. That isn't good for our jobs market. By
:34:44. > :34:47.definition self employed people may work fewer hours than full-time
:34:48. > :34:51.people their income may be lower. May work more. We used to be in a
:34:52. > :34:56.social where people went to work for a big company, that is was their
:34:57. > :34:59.dream, 9-5 jobs, 40 years. That is over. That can be a liberating
:35:00. > :35:04.development. In some case it is's insecurity. In some cases people
:35:05. > :35:08.aren't choosing to be self employed. 27% of the people who became self
:35:09. > :35:12.employed over the past five or six years say that they didn't choose to
:35:13. > :35:18.be self employed. That is half a million people though. It's a very
:35:19. > :35:21.large number of people. Given the horrendous recession and the
:35:22. > :35:24.collapse in the economic output, given what happened that is a small
:35:25. > :35:28.number. That is positive. You have to look in the context of which
:35:29. > :35:33.people are making a choice. It's good they are in a job rather than
:35:34. > :35:38.no job. More people have remained in work during this recession. Terms
:35:39. > :35:41.and conditions of pay have been severely depressed in away that is
:35:42. > :35:44.historically unprecedented. We can't say that is good for our economy or
:35:45. > :35:48.wages going forward. Thank you very much. The United Nations and various
:35:49. > :35:55.aid agencies launched an appeal for the best part of ?300 million to
:35:56. > :35:58.help refugees from the fighting in the Central African Republic. The
:35:59. > :36:03.country has been tipped into chaos since a mainly Muslim rebel
:36:04. > :36:06.coalition seized power a year ago, started abusing the Christian
:36:07. > :36:11.population and set off waves of revenge attacks, which have driven
:36:12. > :36:16.great numbers of Muslims out of the country. Terrible conflict has
:36:17. > :36:23.brought forth two remarkable peacemakers. Tim Whewell has been on
:36:24. > :36:26.the road with them in the Central African Republic. It was always dirt
:36:27. > :36:31.poor, perhaps the least valued of all of France's African possessions.
:36:32. > :36:37.The French left a taste for combat owe in the capital, but not much
:36:38. > :36:42.else. Now, a country that has always been misruled is in ruins. The only
:36:43. > :36:50.authority, a few thousand foreign peacekeepers. In the last few
:36:51. > :36:53.months, it's been violent cleansed of Muslims. Once they were 15% of
:36:54. > :36:57.the population. Now, their homes are burned, thousands have been killed,
:36:58. > :37:02.most of the rest have fled abroad. You might think it's all about
:37:03. > :37:07.religion, but two friends, one Christian, one Muslim, are setting
:37:08. > :37:14.out on a journey to try to prove it's not. They are the top Christian
:37:15. > :37:17.and Muslim in the country. An Archbishop and the chief Imam. They
:37:18. > :37:29.go everywhere together. Now, they are heading off on an
:37:30. > :37:49.arduous journey into the interior of the country to talk to the killers.
:37:50. > :37:56.Even for men of God, it won't be easy. Over the last two months, two
:37:57. > :38:07.murderous militias have rampaged down this road, burning, looting,
:38:08. > :38:11.killing, often at random. First, the mainly Muslim and Christian, their
:38:12. > :38:16.crimes provoked the cycle of revenge that is now destroying this country.
:38:17. > :38:20.The rebels are now defeated and confined to barracks in many places.
:38:21. > :38:28.They seized power a year ago, committing many atrocities. To the
:38:29. > :38:50.Imam's sorrow, some Muslim civilians took part.
:38:51. > :39:09.The anti--Balaca. Today, of course, they are just fooling around. But
:39:10. > :39:11.they kill Muslims for real, even though they call it self defence
:39:12. > :39:58.against foreigners. This is the third village we passed
:39:59. > :40:02.on a fairly short stretch of road, which has been almost completely
:40:03. > :40:09.burnt. The countryside around here, for miles and miles, is being
:40:10. > :40:16.completely emptied of Muslims. Bravely, the Imams got out to try to
:40:17. > :40:22.persuade anti--Balaka fighters to go home. It's a tense moment. The
:40:23. > :40:37.informal toll gate they have erected here is a money-spinner.
:40:38. > :40:47.With militia ruling the roads, it's anarchy. Further on, thousands of
:40:48. > :40:57.Christians are still sheltering around the cathedral. They fled the
:40:58. > :41:00.Seleka months ago. This woman told them how the Muslim rebels killed
:41:01. > :41:33.her son. She gets a blessing, but there is
:41:34. > :41:41.little else the Archbishop can do for he. She takes us to see why. The
:41:42. > :41:45.Seleka stripped her home of everything. It's the first time
:41:46. > :41:56.she's been back. Behind, what is left of her son's
:41:57. > :42:24.house. It's too much for her grandson,
:42:25. > :42:28.Franklin. Not far away, the Archbishop and the Imam are trying
:42:29. > :42:32.to persuade the few remaining local Muslims to stay. If they flee, like
:42:33. > :42:36.most of the others, there will be no hope of rebuilding a mixed society
:42:37. > :42:53.here. But they are met with a wall of distrust.
:42:54. > :43:01.Back on the road, the in in day, the Archbishop refuses to be down cast.
:43:02. > :43:09.A few bumps can't shake their sense of purpose.
:43:10. > :43:13.Does the chief Imam ever worry he might be the last Imam, perhaps the
:43:14. > :43:28.last Muslim in the country? In the market at the next stop, I
:43:29. > :43:34.find one of the only two Muslims left in a town which had thousands.
:43:35. > :43:42.This butcher was allowed to stay bus of his skills. Muslims dominated the
:43:43. > :43:49.meat trade. It He is afraid to tell me much. -- he is afraid to tell me
:43:50. > :43:56.much. His wife will never forget the day
:43:57. > :44:19.when all the other Muslims fled for their lives.
:44:20. > :44:30.It's been a journey when the two friends' pleas for reconciliation
:44:31. > :44:47.has fallen on stoney ground, but they are not giving up.
:44:48. > :44:54.They are heading back to the capital, then abroad, to urge
:44:55. > :45:02.western leaders to send more peacekeepers before it's too late.
:45:03. > :45:08.Perhaps it already is. Back in Bangui I find the tail end of the
:45:09. > :45:12.exodus. Some of the capital's last Muslims leaving the country in any
:45:13. > :45:21.vehicles they can find. Ethnic cleansing is almost complete. Still,
:45:22. > :45:31.the world looks the other way. That was Tim Whewell aring l reporting.
:45:32. > :45:42.Now the front pages: The Financial Times: Apparently, Scots are being
:45:43. > :45:46.misled by some of the claims for the campaign for Yes for independence,
:45:47. > :45:53.according to the Daily Telegraph. The Times has further news that the
:45:54. > :46:00.trouble within UKIP about their funding. That's about enough for
:46:01. > :46:02.tonight I think. The World Irish Dancing Championships are being held
:46:03. > :46:08.in London this week for the first time in their 44 year history. Along
:46:09. > :46:14.with the glory, this is the sort of trophy that successful competitors
:46:15. > :46:22.can expect to receive. We have two World Champions, in their age group,
:46:23. > :46:26.with us tonight, Gerard Byne and Julia O'rubg. He's from Donny gall,
:46:27. > :46:29.she's from New York, both of them know a thing or two about a reel.
:46:30. > :48:06.Good night. -- O' -Rourke. Brightness to southern and eastern
:48:07. > :48:08.areas, cloudier further north, breezy with showery rain. Not a lot
:48:09. > :48:09.of