:00:09. > :00:13.Islamist insurgents seize one of the biggest cities in Iraq, and
:00:14. > :00:17.Washington declares they now represent a threat to the entire
:00:18. > :00:21.region. Government forces simply fled. Can the administration for
:00:22. > :00:26.which so many western soldiers died hold the line against Al-Qaeda's
:00:27. > :00:30.allies. In the Congo the victims of rape by soldiers get their day in
:00:31. > :00:32.court. We follow the efforts to bring the perpetrators of sexual
:00:33. > :00:48.violence to justice. And remember this? You said to the
:00:49. > :00:55.Secretary of State I want to make unannounced inspections? Yes I did.
:00:56. > :01:01.And what did he say? The Chief Inspector of schools unspeaks what
:01:02. > :01:05.he tried to say yesterday. And fish? This is my only first dinner
:01:06. > :01:10.tonight. Is this a crime against animals, do you care whether or not
:01:11. > :01:18.the fish on your plate felt pain as it died?
:01:19. > :01:22.It the Iraq War, which cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of
:01:23. > :01:26.people was fought to overthrow a dictator and to make the country
:01:27. > :01:31.safe for democracy. Today, 11 years after that war began, control of one
:01:32. > :01:39.of the largest cities in the country fell to a group linked to Al-Qaeda.
:01:40. > :01:44.Police and soldiers in moment sul, cap -- Mosul, simply ran away. The
:01:45. > :01:55.rebels are said to have released a thousand or so people from prison.
:01:56. > :01:58.Militants, Sunni rebels are in control of one of Iraq's biggest
:01:59. > :02:02.cities. In many places the security fors just melted away, leaving
:02:03. > :02:09.uniforms and abandoned vehicles behind. It is a body blow to the
:02:10. > :02:13.Shia-led Baghdad Government. I think they are the most significant events
:02:14. > :02:18.to have taken place in Iraq, certainly since the height of the
:02:19. > :02:20.Civil War in 2007. I wouldn't imagine betting they are even more
:02:21. > :02:35.significant than those difficult days as well. What has happened in
:02:36. > :02:40.Mos sum In Mosul is unprecedented. Iraqi security forces melting away,
:02:41. > :02:45.running away, and the political elite in Baghdad not knowing what to
:02:46. > :02:51.do. For many months the western cities of Fallujah and Ramadi have
:02:52. > :02:58.been in open revolt, half a million people reportedly fled as a result.
:02:59. > :03:06.Then Isis and other Jihadist groups started moving into Nineva province,
:03:07. > :03:09.freeing nearly 3,000 prisoners in jail. Air strikes followed but
:03:10. > :03:15.Government forces started to collapse, today the Jew haddists
:03:16. > :03:23.extended their control over the banks of the tigress taking the
:03:24. > :03:36.major airport and other bases. Over 100,000 people fled, these scenes
:03:37. > :03:41.were taken. Victory for Isis extends across to Syria. Imagine you are an
:03:42. > :03:48.insurgent group and take over a whole city, the Central Bank of the
:03:49. > :03:55.city, the weapons, the bases, everything there, that will, Isis
:03:56. > :04:01.was really losing in Syria, they were limited to a tiny little place
:04:02. > :04:08.on the northern edge of Syria and now taking over Mosul, that is a
:04:09. > :04:14.huge boost for Isis. It isn't just that the Jihadists of Isis have
:04:15. > :04:17.captured guns calm glory, they have taken an economic centre and
:04:18. > :04:21.strengthened their position in Syria too. With much of Iraq slipping
:04:22. > :04:26.under the control of Sunni Jihadists, and the Government's
:04:27. > :04:28.inability to export oil and generate revenue now being called into
:04:29. > :04:34.question, there is a real chance of Iraq being dismembered and the whole
:04:35. > :04:40.issue becoming a major international security problem. So how did the
:04:41. > :04:46.Prime Minister, re-elected just two months ago, get into this situation?
:04:47. > :04:52.He has pursued rather aggressive politics of sectarianism, since 2006
:04:53. > :04:56.and increasingly so since he became Prime Minister. He has marginalised
:04:57. > :05:01.the Sunni-Arab community failed to make good on promises made to them
:05:02. > :05:04.by the Americans during the surge and the awakening of the Sunnis that
:05:05. > :05:10.saw the last Al-Qaeda insurgency end. And now what we see is a
:05:11. > :05:15.marginalised, disenfranchised people, not wanting to engage with
:05:16. > :05:20.the Government in Iraq, and into which the message of Isis seems to
:05:21. > :05:25.be extremely strong. America has already said it will give more help
:05:26. > :05:31.to Iraq's security forces, but the shortcomings exposed today show it
:05:32. > :05:39.will take a lot more than a few Humvees or guns to turn this around.
:05:40. > :05:43.Mr Malaki may have to make use of Shia militias as the battle
:05:44. > :05:45.threatens to spread to Baghdad itself.
:05:46. > :05:50.The Chief Inspector of schools wasn't quite made to eat the words
:05:51. > :05:54.he made on Newsnight tonight, nothing so crude, but a bit of
:05:55. > :05:59.clarification, after he seemed to say that the Education Secretary,
:06:00. > :06:02.Michael Gove, rejected the idea of unannounced inspections of schools
:06:03. > :06:08.when it was put to him two years ago. Today the minister's office
:06:09. > :06:15.denied flat out that he had stopped the idea. Sir Michael Willshaw said
:06:16. > :06:19.later on today it was he who decided not to go ahead with the plan. This
:06:20. > :06:23.is what he said last night. We need do it. You saw it two years ago and
:06:24. > :06:27.you didn't do it? That was something I discussed with the Secretary of
:06:28. > :06:30.State and we pulled back. You said to the Secretary of State you want
:06:31. > :06:34.to make unannounced inspections? Yes I did. Has the Secretary of State
:06:35. > :06:38.changed his mind? I think he has. When you put it to him before, he
:06:39. > :06:41.said what? He said we need to look at this and listen to what head
:06:42. > :06:45.teachers are saying about needing to be in the school, prior to an
:06:46. > :06:50.inspection, so they can have a preliminary dialogue with the
:06:51. > :06:53.inspectors about how the inspection should be conducted. So we pulled
:06:54. > :06:58.back on that, so they have now just a few hours. On his say so? Yes. He
:06:59. > :07:03.told you no we're not going to do that? We had a robust discussion
:07:04. > :07:07.about it, and I'm really pleased that minds have been changed. But he
:07:08. > :07:12.has come to see your point of view? I hope so.
:07:13. > :07:17.Now Emily has been speaking to the major players today and has tried to
:07:18. > :07:29.untangle who really said what? This is the row that keeps on
:07:30. > :07:32.giving. There was a furious outburst from the Department of Education
:07:33. > :07:36.after last night, and they flatly denied that Michael Gove had been
:07:37. > :07:40.the roadblock in this, and said that Sir Michael Willshaw had
:07:41. > :07:45.misremembered. I was given a blow-by-blow account by two of
:07:46. > :07:50.Michael Gove's advisers at the time of exactly what happened, it dates
:07:51. > :07:55.back to 2007 when they said Mr Gove was in favour of this. A no-notice
:07:56. > :08:02.inspection, a flash inspection with no notice of preamble to the school.
:08:03. > :08:08.He was in favour in 2009 and 2011 in office, articles to support there.
:08:09. > :08:12.Michael Willshaw came into Ofsted in 2012 and immediately appeared to
:08:13. > :08:16.support the idea of the no-notice inspection, the two were singing
:08:17. > :08:20.from the same hymn sheet. Three months into the job according to
:08:21. > :08:24.Michael Gove's advisers, Sir Michael Willshaw lost his nerve. He had a
:08:25. > :08:27.bad run in with the press, he had lots of interviews that hadn't
:08:28. > :08:31.worked out for him, he didn't want to make an enemy of the head
:08:32. > :08:35.teachers, he lost his bottle and said he didn't want to go ahead with
:08:36. > :08:39.it, Michael Gove went and addressed the head teachers' conference and
:08:40. > :08:43.broke this news, perhaps unfortunately, because it wasn't
:08:44. > :08:50.really his place to be doing it, and he used very incendiary language,
:08:51. > :08:55.talking about Ofsted as the "Spanish inquisition". He really slagged them
:08:56. > :08:59.off, it got Sir Michael Willshaw furious, even though he confirmed a
:09:00. > :09:03.few weeks later that he was dropping the no-notice policy. Briefly
:09:04. > :09:07.Ofsted's response? This is what is so curious, this afternoon the
:09:08. > :09:11.Department of Education put out a press release that put a lid on the
:09:12. > :09:15.whole thing. They said the Chief Inspector has confirmed the
:09:16. > :09:20.education secretary did not ask Ofsted to halt its plans. Seems very
:09:21. > :09:26.clear. So I called Ofsted and said are you retracting those words? No,
:09:27. > :09:31.they are not I was told. Were they apologising or stepping down, no
:09:32. > :09:35.they are not. Why did they sign up to the press release? They said
:09:36. > :09:39.there is no point pick a fight over tittle tattle on a policy on which
:09:40. > :09:44.we broadly agree. They just thought it looked more grown up to let it
:09:45. > :09:49.go. But they are not saying that Sir Michael Willshaw was wrong or
:09:50. > :09:52.backing down, it is over to you and everyone else who is telling the
:09:53. > :09:56.truth here. The Hollywood star, Angelina Jolie, made a passionate
:09:57. > :10:00.speech today about the crime of sexual violence against women in
:10:01. > :10:04.war. Speaking at the International Gathering, organised by the Foreign
:10:05. > :10:08.Office here in London. She said we all had to recognise that there is
:10:09. > :10:13.no shame in being a survivor, the shame attaches only to those who
:10:14. > :10:18.perpetrate rape. It is not, she said, an inevitable part of war.
:10:19. > :10:22.William Hague likened the campaign of sexual violence to the fight
:10:23. > :10:25.against slavery. How to bring the rule of law to the conduct of war is
:10:26. > :10:30.a challenge everywhere. It is very tough work, but not without the
:10:31. > :10:36.occasional success. Fiona Lloyd Davies reports from the Democratic
:10:37. > :10:42.Republic of Congo. This is not Afghanistan or Somalia,
:10:43. > :10:51.it is eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. These women are testifying in
:10:52. > :10:57.a landmark trial. They are veiled for their own projection, the
:10:58. > :11:03.defendants are soldiers from the Congolese Army, accused of mass rape
:11:04. > :11:07.and looting. 39 soldiers and officers up to the rank of
:11:08. > :11:11.Lieutenant Colonel are on trial in a military court. Over 1,000 victims
:11:12. > :11:41.of rape and looting have been recorded. Yet is justice being done?
:11:42. > :11:47.An estimated one. Eight million women have been raped in their
:11:48. > :11:53.lifetime in Congo. Despite the laws against sexual violence being
:11:54. > :11:59.revised in 2006, justice has never been taken seriously as a deterrent
:12:00. > :12:10.here, and a culture of impunity has prevailed, until now. Nadine is an
:12:11. > :12:15.associate of a law firm in the regional capital, Goma. She is one
:12:16. > :12:47.of the prosecuting lawyers in what could be an historic case.
:12:48. > :12:56.Today Nadine is going with a psychologist to the town where the
:12:57. > :13:01.Congolese Army raped at least 76 women and children in November 2012.
:13:02. > :13:06.The area is still heavily militarised, and there are many
:13:07. > :13:08.thousands of disbanded militia. Both the witnesses and lawyers have been
:13:09. > :13:46.threatened and intimidated. This was an ordinary market town,
:13:47. > :13:49.but the local people will never forget that night when several
:13:50. > :13:53.thousand Congolese Army troops arrived. They had been ordered to
:13:54. > :13:59.withdraw from Goma, leaving their own families vulnerable to the
:14:00. > :14:07.invading M 23 rebels. Angry and frustrated the soldiers punished the
:14:08. > :14:09.towns people. This woman was raped and sodomised by three soldiers that
:14:10. > :14:27.night. She has already testified in court
:14:28. > :14:58.and found the experience of being a witness a terrible ordeal.
:14:59. > :15:05.They have arrived in the village. The women know how distressing it is
:15:06. > :15:11.for the rape survivors to come to court and are here to prepare them.
:15:12. > :15:16.The psychologist has been working with one woman who was dragged from
:15:17. > :15:19.her hut and raped by a soldier. At the time her baby was only two
:15:20. > :16:16.months old. The local population don't believe
:16:17. > :16:22.the right soldiers are on trial and think they might even still be in
:16:23. > :16:29.the area. Surrounding the village are more than 2,000 disbanded
:16:30. > :16:34.militia men in limbo. This Colonel is one of them. His men took part in
:16:35. > :17:06.the devastation of the village in November 2012.
:17:07. > :17:15.Locally the suspicion is that the Colonel ordered his men to rape. He
:17:16. > :17:21.denied the allegations. Yet he seemed heavily dependent on his
:17:22. > :17:46.advisers sitting next to him. Below the camp, some people still
:17:47. > :18:14.live in fear of him. Since then the Colonel has left the
:18:15. > :18:23.transit centre, taking his men with him into the forest. No high ranking
:18:24. > :18:27.member of the Congolese Army stood trial. I can mention two or three
:18:28. > :18:33.generals, I would have liked to see them stand trial. But never
:18:34. > :18:39.happened, it didn't fly well with the political regime. In Goma in the
:18:40. > :18:40.regional capital, it is another day in court and Nadine is getting
:18:41. > :19:37.ready. One of the most significant charges
:19:38. > :19:41.against these soldiers is of officers failing to control their
:19:42. > :19:43.men. It has been levelled because only one of the raped women was able
:19:44. > :20:12.to identify her assaliant. This is the man she identified, the
:20:13. > :20:15.reason she is so certain is because he's missing a finger which she
:20:16. > :20:37.noticed the night she was raped. And the secretary Lieutenant says he
:20:38. > :20:56.has a cast iron alibi. He doesn't feel he has seen much
:20:57. > :21:22.justice. It is the day of the verdict. It is
:21:23. > :21:26.just five months since this military trial for war crimes started. For
:21:27. > :21:56.Nadine this will be one of the most important decisions of her career.
:21:57. > :22:05.When the trial started 40 men were accused of war crimes, including
:22:06. > :22:12.rape. Since then one man has died in prison and only 27 were detained.
:22:13. > :22:22.Five of the senior officers accused of failing to control their troops
:22:23. > :22:30.were never compelled to appear in court.
:22:31. > :22:36.It is time for the men to hear their fate. None of the witnesses have
:22:37. > :23:02.come, because it is thought to be too dangerous for them.
:23:03. > :23:13.Second Lieutenant Sabwe is one of only two accused of rape as a war
:23:14. > :23:18.crime who have been found guilty. He has been sentenced to life
:23:19. > :23:29.imprisonment. 18 other soldiers were found guilty of looting, all of the
:23:30. > :23:33.five senior officers were cleared. As those found guilty are
:23:34. > :23:37.graphically striped of their rank, whatever the flaws of this trial,
:23:38. > :23:46.the limited successes should also be acknowledged. It has been brought to
:23:47. > :23:50.a conclusion, many witnesses did come to testify at great risk and
:23:51. > :24:01.there were convictions for rape as a war crime, although just two. But if
:24:02. > :24:05.Congo is ever going to rid itself of the title of "rape capital of the
:24:06. > :24:10.world", there needs to be a much stronger form of justice. The cost
:24:11. > :24:48.to society for impunity is still running very high.
:24:49. > :24:55.With us now is Baroness Warsi, a Foreign Office minister and also
:24:56. > :25:02.minister for faith and communities. Let's start by talking, we will come
:25:03. > :25:06.to the question, the Michael Gove, Muslim schools row in a moment,
:25:07. > :25:11.let's first of all talk about the rape initiative you have going. How
:25:12. > :25:17.big is the operational squad of Foreign Office and kindred spirits
:25:18. > :25:20.involved in it? The number of people attending this conference, this
:25:21. > :25:24.summit will in the end run into thousands. The summit is happening
:25:25. > :25:29.not just in London but across the world. We have over 115 countries
:25:30. > :25:34.attending. But it is not just about the numbers, it is about building
:25:35. > :25:39.momentum, real political momentum. But how many people has the British
:25:40. > :25:44.Government committed to it? We have committed experts, which runs into
:25:45. > :25:48.dozens, we are about 70 or 80 experts have already been chance.
:25:49. > :25:52.What are they doing? They are in a variety of field, some of them are
:25:53. > :25:57.experts on evidence-gathering, prosecution, some of them are
:25:58. > :26:00.working on psychological trauma, Victim Support. Some of them are
:26:01. > :26:04.assisting countries with their legal processes and making sure that the
:26:05. > :26:10.right laws are put in place so we do get convictions. What that video
:26:11. > :26:15.showed, more than anything else s that victims need justice, and they
:26:16. > :26:18.need justice by getting successful prosecutions. One of the biggest
:26:19. > :26:24.aims of the summit is to make sure we sign an international protocol
:26:25. > :26:27.that has been agreed set of international standards, which means
:26:28. > :26:30.that evidence is properly gathered and prosecutions are properly
:26:31. > :26:36.brought to court and we do get convictions and finally some justice
:26:37. > :26:40.for the survivors. It makes you wonder why these experts aren't
:26:41. > :26:47.being sent to places like the Democratic Republic of Congo, in
:26:48. > :26:49.order in order that women can get justice. We are working with
:26:50. > :26:56.politicians to get the right political will and we send experts.
:26:57. > :27:01.We have experts in the DRC working with local commune to ex-some of it
:27:02. > :27:05.is about working with NGOs and faith organises working on the ground in
:27:06. > :27:10.the DRC. These are small steps that we have to continue to take to start
:27:11. > :27:15.to build this culture, trying to build this myth-busting approach to
:27:16. > :27:21.the culture of impunity that exists for these victims. Given that this
:27:22. > :27:26.is now a priority of this Government, are we going to take a
:27:27. > :27:32.more generous attitude towards women who are coming here as victims of
:27:33. > :27:36.sexual violence in war? I think we have always considered the legal
:27:37. > :27:40.aspect of war and rape during war as part of people's asylum
:27:41. > :27:45.applications. I know as a lawyer it was one of the things that would
:27:46. > :27:52.always be put forward as part of an asylum claim. Taking one particular
:27:53. > :27:56.case, a woman from Democratic Republic of Congo waiting two years
:27:57. > :28:00.on to hear whether her application for asylum will be successful or
:28:01. > :28:04.not. Who felt humiliated by the cross-examination she got when she
:28:05. > :28:08.came here about her experience, understandably. Who spent the night
:28:09. > :28:12.sleeping in a telephone box, this doesn't sound terribly sympathetic?
:28:13. > :28:16.I know from the discussions I have had with Theresa May that she takes
:28:17. > :28:22.these issues incredibly seriously the work she has done to champion
:28:23. > :28:25.the lives of women and survivors of rape, domestically and
:28:26. > :28:28.internationally, is a huge priority for her. I can't comment on
:28:29. > :28:33.individual cases, but I do think, and I do agree with you that more
:28:34. > :28:37.can be done in making sure that the rape aspect of a person's claim is
:28:38. > :28:43.brought forward. I know that when I used to hear about claims, in my
:28:44. > :28:51.experiences hearing from the women who left the Bosnian war, but the
:28:52. > :28:54.rape element of the horrific experience would be the last thing
:28:55. > :28:57.to come out. That is incredibly challenging sometimes to try to make
:28:58. > :29:01.sure that the full case is put when you make an asylum claim. Can we
:29:02. > :29:08.talk a little bit about the business of schools in Birmingham and indeed
:29:09. > :29:12.elsewhere? We have heard people in Birmingham saying these schools were
:29:13. > :29:16.singled out because they were Muslim schools, that the action taken
:29:17. > :29:19.against them would not have been taken against them had they been
:29:20. > :29:23.Jewish or Catholic schools, is that fair? I would like to think that is
:29:24. > :29:29.not the case or believe that is not the case. These are incredibly
:29:30. > :29:33.serious allegations which would have serious consequences, it is
:29:34. > :29:37.therefore right that these inquiries that we have on going do complete
:29:38. > :29:40.and we get to the bottom of what did and didn't happen and what was and
:29:41. > :29:45.wasn't said. Are you with Michael Gove, you think that religious
:29:46. > :29:50.conservatism can lead, step by step, to terrorism? I don't think Michael
:29:51. > :29:53.is saying that religious conservatism can lead to terrorism.
:29:54. > :29:58.What I fundamentally believe is you can be religiously observant and
:29:59. > :30:00.incredibly observant, that doesn't make you a terrorist. It doesn't
:30:01. > :30:08.mean you are on the pathway to becoming a terrorist. When he talks
:30:09. > :30:14.about British values, and he cites tolerance and other examples of
:30:15. > :30:20.British values, are these schools implicitly not teaching British
:30:21. > :30:24.values? Most schools will in some form of their curriculum talk about
:30:25. > :30:28.what it means to be British, talking about identity. But British values
:30:29. > :30:35.are values held by British people, are they not? Yes. So if some
:30:36. > :30:39.British parents do not wish to celebrate Christmas, do not wish
:30:40. > :30:45.their children to have sex education in school, those are British values
:30:46. > :30:49.aren't they? Sorry. If some British parents do not wish their children
:30:50. > :30:52.to celebrate Christmas, do not wish them to have sex education in
:30:53. > :30:59.schools, those are British values are they not? Fundamental British
:31:00. > :31:06.value is tolerance and accepting people who are different to you,
:31:07. > :31:12.part of that is looking at different religions, celebrating different
:31:13. > :31:17.faith backgrounds and perspectives. Do you think gay marriage is a
:31:18. > :31:22.British value? I think accepting people for being different is a
:31:23. > :31:27.British value. That wasn't quite my question? If you accept somebody who
:31:28. > :31:31.is different, then you accept somebody who practices a different
:31:32. > :31:37.lifestyle to you, whether that is difference in race, religion and
:31:38. > :31:43.sexuality. I don't want to be too persistent here, but you did oppose
:31:44. > :31:48.the Section 28 legislation didn't you? And I have apologised what I
:31:49. > :31:51.said back in 2005, we are nearly a decade on. If this interview is
:31:52. > :31:56.going to be about something I said ten years ago for which I have
:31:57. > :32:00.apologised and stepped away from then... I'm trying to get to this
:32:01. > :32:04.very difficult question of how we define what British values are? I
:32:05. > :32:09.would define British values as freedom, which includes the freedom
:32:10. > :32:12.of religion and belief, I would define it as tolerance, which
:32:13. > :32:17.includes tolerating difference. I would define it as fair play, which
:32:18. > :32:22.means everybody being given the opportunity to succeed in life, and
:32:23. > :32:26.in Yorkshire I define it as having a sense of humour and coming here to
:32:27. > :32:32.do an interview with you probably means I have got a sense of humour.
:32:33. > :32:36.Thank you very much. Officials from the White House, the state
:32:37. > :32:38.department and the army spent an anxious time today trying to
:32:39. > :32:43.persuade American politicians that the price the country paid for the
:32:44. > :32:47.release of Bowe Bergdahl was worthwhile. The US has handed over
:32:48. > :32:52.one member of the Taliban for every year that Bergdahl was held captive.
:32:53. > :32:56.As more information has come to light about the deal, and more
:32:57. > :33:02.rumours swirl about how Bergdahl came to be captured, joy of the
:33:03. > :33:06.soldier's return has been replaced by anxiety at the price paid. We
:33:07. > :33:10.have been to Bowe Bergdahl's home town.
:33:11. > :33:14.Bowe Bergdahl's balloons are still flying in Idaho, even if people here
:33:15. > :33:20.are feeling a bit deflated. The gloss has come off what they thought
:33:21. > :33:25.would be a celebration. This cafe has been the headquarterses of a
:33:26. > :33:31.five-year campaign to free Bowe, it is closed now. This is a book for
:33:32. > :33:38.people to share their sentiments for Bowe. Saturday I changed it and it
:33:39. > :33:41.is now freedom. Not everyone left positive comments, after being the
:33:42. > :33:45.face of the campaign, before and after his release, Sue has been
:33:46. > :33:50.threatened by letter, on-line and in person. They are angry, I think it
:33:51. > :33:55.is a bigger picture than Bowe Bergdahl. I think we are seeing a
:33:56. > :33:59.glimpse of our culture here in America. I think there is a lot of
:34:00. > :34:05.angry people and they just need something to express it at, that
:34:06. > :34:10.they feel is a viable channel of expression, I guess. The President
:34:11. > :34:13.depends his deal to free Bowe Bergdahl... The case of Bowe
:34:14. > :34:19.Bergdahl is still being picked over by the American news networks.
:34:20. > :34:24.Backlash there are the right and left. It would have been offensive
:34:25. > :34:31.and comprehensible to consciously leave an American behind... . But
:34:32. > :34:34.the question is at what cost... . Sun Valley finds itself at the
:34:35. > :34:40.centre of it all. The rich and famous come here for the winter sun
:34:41. > :34:43.and windswept -- summer sun and winter snow, they like it because
:34:44. > :34:48.people leave them alone. This has been a tough week, particularly in
:34:49. > :34:52.Bowe Bergdahl's small town. A small and close community finding itself
:34:53. > :34:57.at the centre of so much negative attention. The lad who used to work
:34:58. > :35:01.in the cafe, when he was taken in Afghanistan people put yellow
:35:02. > :35:05.ribbons around the trees, they helped the family campaign for the
:35:06. > :35:11.release. The joy of him being freed has been replaced by surprise and
:35:12. > :35:18.confusion about the amount of anger and vitriol aimed at people here. It
:35:19. > :35:23.is remarkable. Our community is fatigued by being so excited about
:35:24. > :35:28.Bowe's release and the next day it began to turn. It became vicious,
:35:29. > :35:36.angry and hateful. We had not anticipated that kind of reaction.
:35:37. > :35:40.Dale was planning a "Bring Bowe Home" event, they thought it could
:35:41. > :35:45.be a welcome home party, it had to be cancelled? It is indicative of
:35:46. > :35:50.how polarised we are in our country. That so quickly so many people could
:35:51. > :35:54.be so angry and hateful and try to convict Bowe in the public arena,
:35:55. > :35:58.without hearing his side of the story. Without any kind of
:35:59. > :36:02.investigation. Bowe Bergdahl was 23 when he was captured by the Taliban
:36:03. > :36:05.in eastern Afghanistan. There is uncertainty over why he left his
:36:06. > :36:10.base. His upbringing has been closely scrutinised by the US media.
:36:11. > :36:15.His home schooling, his unusual interests. He's very strong, he
:36:16. > :36:18.likes to meditate, he has a very strong spirit, I'm hoping that
:36:19. > :36:24.throughout this entire time he was able to find an inner place that was
:36:25. > :36:30.nice. That he could go to. He had a very idea listic view that he wanted
:36:31. > :36:34.to help and defend the country he believes in. That is what I got from
:36:35. > :36:41.why he joined the military. He also liked the ballet and fencing and
:36:42. > :36:45.martial arts as very regimented, you do the same warm-ups and the same
:36:46. > :36:50.kind of thing and the army is similar, and that appealed to him.
:36:51. > :36:54.The lease of five Taliban leaders from Guantanamo Bay has had people
:36:55. > :36:58.in the community asking if Bowe's freedom was worth it. I think on
:36:59. > :37:02.balance it was a poor deal. Probably if I'm forced into one camp or
:37:03. > :37:08.another, I'm forced into the camp to say I oppose it. But it is hard to
:37:09. > :37:11.jump up and say I don't want a local boy to come home. President Obama
:37:12. > :37:18.has been criticised for the way he announced the deal, alongside Bowe's
:37:19. > :37:21.parents. I sincerely resent him taking the Bergdahl family and
:37:22. > :37:26.pushing them out front, in the rose garden, and subjecting this family
:37:27. > :37:32.to the firestorm of criticism that swept across this nation. Jenny and
:37:33. > :37:36.Bob have kept out of the spotlight since then, and after threats are
:37:37. > :37:41.being protected. Even his beard has been the focus of unsubstantiated
:37:42. > :37:46.allegations that he's a Taliban sympathiser. In town some have taken
:37:47. > :37:50.their signs down, but most still support Bowe and his family. This is
:37:51. > :37:55.our home boy, this is our child, we are not involved in this in a
:37:56. > :38:00.political but loving heart felt way. They hope when Bowe tells his own
:38:01. > :38:05.story of what he endured t could swing the court of public opinion
:38:06. > :38:10.back in his favour. Do you care about how happy a life was led by
:38:11. > :38:14.the animal on your plate? Increasing numbers of us do, apparently. But do
:38:15. > :38:20.you really care about the sort of death a fish on your plate has had.
:38:21. > :38:28.An organisation committed to animal welfare is demanding that armed fish
:38:29. > :38:37.be stunned before they are killed otherwise the whole experience is to
:38:38. > :38:41.stressful for them. We love to look at our children's literature full of
:38:42. > :38:47.characters from the animal world, horses, pigs, cows. Fish not so
:38:48. > :38:51.much. For whatever reason we haven't taken fish to our bosoms in quite
:38:52. > :38:57.the same way. Perhaps that explains why, when it comes to how we kill
:38:58. > :39:00.them, they don't have the same legal protections as our meals on four
:39:01. > :39:08.legs. In Britain, due to voluntary codes of practice from bodies like
:39:09. > :39:12.the RSPCA, most fish are farmed and dispatched to high standards of
:39:13. > :39:17.animal welfare. But it isn't like that across all of Europe. Much what
:39:18. > :39:24.happens behind the scenes to produce your lunchtime tuna sandwich, for
:39:25. > :39:29.instance, isn't particularly palatable. Now moves are afoot to
:39:30. > :39:35.change that. A Government advisory body has recommended that inhumane
:39:36. > :39:42.practices such as live chilling or asphyxiation, be outlawed at the
:39:43. > :39:47.European level. But such principles have costs. Are we ready to bear the
:39:48. > :39:54.cost for a creature we love to eat but don't necessarily love. One who
:39:55. > :39:59.has done some exploring of the fish central nervous system is with us.
:40:00. > :40:05.She is in Pennsylvania. Joining us from Scotland, the epicentre of
:40:06. > :40:09.British agriculture, is the head of the Scottish Fishermen's Federation,
:40:10. > :40:15.Bertie Armstrong. Why on earth are we worrying about this? As you have
:40:16. > :40:19.just said, the information we have now and have been gathering over the
:40:20. > :40:25.last decade is fish, just like birds and mammals, have very similar pain
:40:26. > :40:29.processing pathways. It looks like they experience pain in the same way
:40:30. > :40:34.that birds and mammals do. If that is the case and we extend birds and
:40:35. > :40:40.mammals welfare, why not fish. This particular concern is with farmed
:40:41. > :40:44.fish, by your argument we should extend it to all fish, fish caught
:40:45. > :40:49.on the high seas as well? Absolutely. Although of course that
:40:50. > :40:54.is an interesting and difficult area in its own right. From an ethical
:40:55. > :40:59.perspective you could argue that unlike a farmed fish, fish in the
:41:00. > :41:05.wild has lived a good life out. It is free to roam the seas as it
:41:06. > :41:07.wants. Perhaps in from a utilitarian, the short amount of
:41:08. > :41:12.suffering it goes through at the end, it is justified in terms of
:41:13. > :41:16.harvesting fish in the sea. You may take the same approach as we have
:41:17. > :41:21.for a farmed fish now and saying given we have Intertek neology and
:41:22. > :41:25.we know how to more humanely kill fish on fish farms, perhaps we
:41:26. > :41:33.should transfer that technology. What do you make of the argument?
:41:34. > :41:41.I'm here with a slightly nervous curiosity. It does sound cranky, and
:41:42. > :41:46.I'm a little nervous that it gets extended to wild capture. We are
:41:47. > :41:50.part of a food chain, apart from the odd Safari accident, but killing
:41:51. > :41:55.happens for food all the way along. There shouldn't be gratuitous
:41:56. > :42:00.suffering, but on the other hand, wild capture fish accounts for 15%
:42:01. > :42:08.of the world's protein. It has to be continued. I'm nervous that we apply
:42:09. > :42:17.elements of crankiness to this. Wild capturing of fish is at the end of a
:42:18. > :42:24.long and happy life and has been happening since biblical times and
:42:25. > :42:27.not regarded as cruel. I'm not sure why we are having this argument. Do
:42:28. > :42:31.you feel you are a crank? No, I don't think so, I'm a scientist, I
:42:32. > :42:38.think we need to use science to inform the decisions that we make.
:42:39. > :42:41.In the same way we want to make those careful informed decision,
:42:42. > :42:45.good commercial decision making doesn't have to be mutually
:42:46. > :42:49.exclusive to that. I think absolutely, we want sustainable
:42:50. > :42:54.fishing, we want sustainable fishing practices and you know if that is
:42:55. > :42:59.going to include humane killing, so be it. It is something that
:43:00. > :43:03.confumers are increasingly interested in. They have this right
:43:04. > :43:06.to, I think they are right to have a long-term view. Just because we have
:43:07. > :43:10.done something traditionally for a long way or historically, doesn't
:43:11. > :43:15.mean to say we can't use new information or technologies to
:43:16. > :43:22.improve the way we do things. If it is the case, as suggested, that fish
:43:23. > :43:27.do feel pain, surely we are entitled or should be expected to accord them
:43:28. > :43:32.the same -- afford them the same consideration as farm animals? I
:43:33. > :43:36.didn't wish to label your guest as a crank, I'm nervous about crankiness
:43:37. > :43:41.being applied to the fish industry. The balance of evidence, of course
:43:42. > :43:45.your guest's scientific credentials are apparent. But the balance of
:43:46. > :43:50.scientific evidence is fish don't feel pain in the same way as humans
:43:51. > :43:55.do. It is just plain different. My worry is about the volume capture.
:43:56. > :44:00.We will catch in the Scottish fleet approaching a quarter of a million
:44:01. > :44:08.tonnes of mackerel. It is caught in a volume way. They are not murdered
:44:09. > :44:11.or badly treated, they are pumped into refrigerated sea water tanks.
:44:12. > :44:15.They are not handled individually, and it is not possible to capture
:44:16. > :44:19.that sort of volume of fish and handle them individually. The real
:44:20. > :44:24.question is what can we afford to do and what is senseth sensible to do.
:44:25. > :44:29.That is the crankiness element that I'm trying to be careful not to
:44:30. > :44:35.insult anybody but to guard against. Do you accept there are certain
:44:36. > :44:48.practical difficulties in the consideration that you are extending
:44:49. > :44:53.to fish. For sure, I want to pick up on the fish feeling pain, that is a
:44:54. > :44:58.given. But we don't feel farm animals feel pain in the same way
:44:59. > :45:03.humans do but we afford them welfare rights and humane killing. So, yes,
:45:04. > :45:07.things potentially become difficult, harvesting large amounts and large
:45:08. > :45:10.catches of fish, absolutely. These are technically challenging, but
:45:11. > :45:16.there are experimental fleets in Denmark and Norway that are
:45:17. > :45:21.modifying trawler boats, that are expressly trying to devise better,
:45:22. > :45:26.more effective ways of maintaining fish in the water. In the same way
:45:27. > :45:33.we heard mackerel are pumped into sea water VATs, -- vats, bringing
:45:34. > :45:40.them on to the surface of the deck and letting them suffocate may be
:45:41. > :45:48.something to avoid if we can put them into vats on the boat. The head
:45:49. > :45:51.of FIFA, Mr Sepp Blatter, had been looking forward to a feast of sport
:45:52. > :45:57.over the next few weeks, instead today he had a bucket of cold water
:45:58. > :46:00.thrown over him by some of the most powerful football organisations
:46:01. > :46:03.amongst his members. He had just finished telling them he was
:46:04. > :46:06.standing for a fifth tour, when representatives of great footballing
:46:07. > :46:09.nations suggested it would be all together better to the game if he
:46:10. > :46:15.stuck to his previous promise to stand down. So is time running out
:46:16. > :46:19.for President Blatter. I'm joined now by the former chief executive of
:46:20. > :46:23.the Football Association. What do you think, is the game up for him do
:46:24. > :46:29.you think? I don't actually think the game is up for him. I have never
:46:30. > :46:33.seen such an array of voices against him such as we see today, players,
:46:34. > :46:37.associations, sponsors and Government agencies. I actually
:46:38. > :46:41.think it is probably one of the most difficult challenges he has faced.
:46:42. > :46:47.But he is quite a good politician in that regard. His comments today are
:46:48. > :46:58.nothing more, or appear to be, if not dedevolutional, they are --
:46:59. > :47:01.delusional, and show why he shouldn't stand as President. As a
:47:02. > :47:07.President you would unite the organisation, not seek to harvest
:47:08. > :47:12.the benefit of disunity that you have sown. How significant is it
:47:13. > :47:17.footballing nations like England, Holland, opposed to him? You have to
:47:18. > :47:23.recognise the fact, again it is Sepp Blatter very good at doing the
:47:24. > :47:27.maths, with 209 organisations with one vote, UEFA is one of the
:47:28. > :47:30.strongest confederations, it has about 53 votes hast always been
:47:31. > :47:33.significant, because of the quality of the football and the financial
:47:34. > :47:37.aspects of European football. But having said that, there has been
:47:38. > :47:41.over quite a number of years a feeling within the FIFA body that in
:47:42. > :47:46.fact the Europeans have had enough of a role in terms of running the
:47:47. > :47:53.place. There is a bit of discord there generally. So the guys may
:47:54. > :47:57.well rail against the moon. With 53 votes against 209 Sepp Blatter
:47:58. > :48:03.appears confident. I don't think, whilst it is very discomforting for
:48:04. > :48:07.him, I don't think he will be unduly concerned that he won't be able to
:48:08. > :48:11.secure another term. Thank you very much indeed.
:48:12. > :48:14.That's it for tonight. Hope we were clearer to you than the Disney
:48:15. > :48:19.corporation's translation of its film Frozen in the Middle East. They
:48:20. > :48:22.opted for modern standard Arabic instead of the usual Egyptian
:48:23. > :48:26.Arabic, the use of that very formal and some what archaic way of
:48:27. > :48:34.speaking has gone down rather badly with some six-year-olds. A professor
:48:35. > :48:37.of literature has translated it back into English so you can see the
:48:38. > :48:41.problem. # Conceal don't feel
:48:42. > :48:45.# Don't let them know # Well now they know
:48:46. > :48:51.# Let it go # Let it go
:48:52. > :48:59.# Can't hold it back any more # Let it go
:49:00. > :49:07.# Turn away and slam the door # I don't care
:49:08. > :49:16.# What they're going to say # Let the storm rage on
:49:17. > :49:25.Hello, if you have had enough of the heavy showers and thunderstorms we
:49:26. > :49:32.have seen recently, relief is in sight. In fact it starts tomorrow.
:49:33. > :49:38.Most will start the day dry and stay dry throughout the day. One or two
:49:39. > :49:42.light showers dotted about the northern half of the UK. You will be
:49:43. > :49:44.unlucky if you u catch one.